Individual Game Research Articles

POSC382 Patient Relevant Criteria of Person-Centered Care for Community-Dwelling People with Dementia: A Formative Qualitative Study to Design a Quantitative Preference Study

For people living with Dementia (PwD), Person-Centered Care (PCC) is emphasized. PCC requires knowledge about patient preferences. This formative qualitative study aimed to identify patient-relevant criteria and sub-criteria of PCC for PwD, to design a quantitative preference study. After an initial focus group interview with n=2 Dementia Care Managers to ensure comprehensibility, we conducted individual interviews with n=10 PwD and n=3 informal caregivers (CGs). The interviews followed a semi-structured interview guide including a card game. The cards showed 12 criteria and 12x3 sub-criteria of PCC identified by a previous systematic review. Criteria-cards were shown to the PwD to explore their conception of the 12 criteria of PCC. Subsequently, PwD had to sort and rank the cards to identify the most important criteria of PCC. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Two reviewers coded and analyzed the transcripts with qualitative content analysis. Ranking results from the individual card games were coded on a 10-point scale, whereupon sums and means for criteria across interviews were calculated. Analyses were discussed in a final meeting with the research team until consensus. Six patient-relevant criteria with each two sub-criteria of PCC for PwD emerged from the participant’s elaborations and card games; social relationships (indirect contact, direct contact), cognitive training (passive, active), organization of care (decentralized structures & no shared decision-making, centralized structures & shared decision-making), assistance with daily activities (professional, family member), characteristics of professional CG (empathy, education & work experience) and physical activities (alone, group). Our study provides evidence about patient-relevant criteria and sub-criteria of PCC for PwD to design a quantitative preference study. PwD had preferences for PCC and could express them. Future research should pay particular attention to dementia-sensitive wording and the balance between comprehensibility vs. realizability, completeness, independence and relevance of the criteria and sub-criteria in this population.

ABOUT THE CYBERSECURITY OF MILITARY PERSONNEL PLAYING GEOLOCATION GAMES WHILE STAYING AT DEPARTMENTAL CRITICAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES

The subject of research in the scientific article is the state of cybersecurity of the Armed Forces of Ukraine from the gambling dependence of military personnel. Purpose of the article. Study of the psychological and pedagogical problem of gambling addiction among military personnel with the involvement of cellular communications as a new problem in ensuring cybersecurity of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The result of the study. Sociological studies have shown that people spend more than four hours with their smartphones every day. Smartphone addiction, "nomophobia" is caused by the problem of excessive internet use or internet addiction disorder. Addiction occurs from games, game apps, and online games. This article discusses individual augmented reality geolocation games and their appeal. It is established that the imposition of geolocation games on military personnel is aimed at collecting confidential information about critical infrastructure facilities of the Armed Forces of Ukraine under vivid psychological pleasure. All of them are aimed at where to structure the cybersecurity system of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, and the leakage of geographic information from the location of military facilities is their natural appearance. scientific novelty. For the first time, it is proposed to include the psychological and pedagogical problem of gambling addiction of military personnel on cellular communications in the group of factors that cause cybersecurity violations in the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The practical significance of the obtained scientific result gives grounds for developing recommendations for preventing the leakage of confidential information and conducting explanatory work with the personnel of the Armed Forces of Ukraine about the dangerous consequences both personally for them and for state security through the use of intrusive geolocation games. The presented study does not exhaust all aspects of this problem. The theoretical and practical results obtained in the course of scientific research form the basis for its further study in various aspects.

FORMATION OF PRIMARY EDUCATION LEARNERS’ EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE LESSONS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION BRANCH DURING GAME AND COMPETITIVE ACTIVITIES

The article reveals the relevance of the competitive nature of physical education and stressful conditions, which are undoubted catalysts of various emotions that can affect sports performance, and each sport has special physical and technical characteristics that require special skills. The sensitivity and receptivity of primary education learners to this kind of emotional stimuli contribute to the development of emotional intelligence. Since «its main structural elements begin to develop in primary school age and do not disappear, but are improved during schooling, therefore, by the time of graduation, a young person has the opportunity to achieve such a level of development, including the development of emotional intelligence, that in adult life he can successfully to continue learning, to organize positive communication with new people in new social conditions, to engage in social relations during practical activities» (Zarytska, 2011). A large amount of research has highlighted the importance of emotional intelligence for prediction in all areas of life. Therefore, it is not surprising that interest in emotional intelligence in physical education lessons has also grown significantly. The article analyzes the influence of physical education classes on the development of primary education learners’ emotional intelligence, its features for this age category. Theoretical methods were used to write this article: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction. A significant relationship between primary education learners’ physical activity and various components of emotional intelligence was found. Age and gender are key moderators of this relationship: by gender, girls have higher emotional intelligence than boys. The analysis of indicators of their emotional intelligence showed certain differences in the level of children’s emotional intelligence during individual and team sports and sports games. A teacher who is able to regulate his own emotions perceives the motivations of his pupils, and this understanding affects their results. The analysis of scientific works generally proved the importance of emotional intelligence for achieving success and high results in physical education lessons during game and competitive activities by junior pupils and teachers, but taking into account the heterogeneity of research results, there is a need for further scientific research on this problem. At the same time, it is necessary to improve the methodology of these studies taking into account the specifics of various types of physical activity.

Impact of Sports Activities on Developing Purpose among College Level Students

The aim of this study was to find out how sports impact students' purpose development. The study comprised all students (N=1197) who engaged in college-level sports activities in Bannu Division. A simple sampling approach was used to select students (N=60) from the population for the study. Data was collected using self-developed questionnaires. SPSS-26 was used to analyse the data. Multiple regressions were used to assess the impact of sports on students’ purpose development, and independent sampling t-tests were used to see whether there were any significant differences in the impact of individual and team sports on students' purpose development. It reveals that collegiate sports have a statistically significant impact on students’ purpose development; further, the data prove that team games have a greater impact on students' purpose than individual games.

Architecture of Monumentality: A Critical Analysis of In-Game Representations of Washington, D.C.

In recent decades, video games have become a billion-dollar industry, serving as a ubiquitous interactive media. With significant technological advancements in graphics and performance, their fidelity in the representation of the built environment has improved the immersive experience, leading to increased impact on the player’s understanding of the architectural identity of places. Video games reference urban conditions to contextualise narratives yet are able to provide an additional dimension of navigability and interactivity within these virtual spaces. As a result, this medium has a considerable influence on the players’ awareness of and engagement with architectural and urban environments. The digital representation of spatial conditions becomes a substantial component of level design, with titles often relying on tropes and iconography associated with particular cities to contextualise virtual environments. Due to globalisation, Washington D.C. has become universally recognised as the epicentre of Western politics, housing many iconic architectures that shape their distinctive urban environments. Numerous video games take advantage of this recognizability and significance by siting their narratives within the city’s iconic urban and cultural identity. This paper examines the potential influence of in-game caricatures of architectural space on identity and urban memory within the global collective consciousness. By analysing the portrayal of Washington D.C. within prevalent video games; the paper examines their approach and use of urban context within the gameplay. Engaging several game modalities, including alternative histories, post-apocalyptic futures, espionage, and vehicular exploration, this paper presents trends of representation predominant within individual game categories. Through the assessment of the aforementioned titles, abstraction of the urbanscape, celebrity of architectural landmarks, contextualisation through prominent architectures, and ironic manipulation of architectural imagery emerge methods of falsification of the urban context. This paper concludes with a discussion of the impact of in-game representations of cities on the public’s perception and understanding of architectural and urban space.

A systematic review of the use of play in dementia care

AbstractBackgroundSome psychosocial intervention such as stimulation‐oriented approaches including group play programs are being regarded as helpful intervention approach for old adults with dementia. Many scholars have been talking about the effectiveness of group play programs for elder adults to impair their cognitions and improve the quality of the patient’s life.AimTo systematically review the evidence regarding the efficacy of game orientated group play approaches in dementia care.MethodLiteratures are reviewed from several databases including OVID MEDLINE, PSYCHINFO, EMBASE, and Google Advanced Search with pre‐specified selection criteria, elder with dementia (EWD) are participants and interpersonal group play are the mode of intervention.Result15 studies met the inclusion criteria (8 randomized controlled trials, 2 observation studies and 5 qualitative studies). Play interventions included individual game and group play. Although studies were generally underpowered, findings indicated positive effects of play interventions on emotional stability, cognitive functioning and general quality of life of people living with dementia.Conclusion and ImplicationAs a mode of intervention, group play can effectively improve cognitive functions and psychological symptoms of EWD, and culturally tailored programmes format may further enhance their effectiveness.LimitationGame‐based intervention largely lack theoretical frameworks and empirical evaluation; The dynamic process in game‐based intervention between service providers and service users are not being studied.

The Influences of Sports Activities on Developing Purpose of College Students

The aim of this study was to investigate the influences of college sports activities on developing purpose of college students. The main objectives of this study is to identify the influences of college sports activities on developing purpose of college students and to compare the influences of individual and team sports activities on developing purpose of college student. The population of the study consisted of all students N= 749 participating in sports activities at college level in Bannu Division, while sample of the study consisted of students n= 150 at college level in Bannu Division. Influences of sports activities on developing purpose of college students were measured by self-developed questionnaires. SPSS-26 was used for data analysis. Multiple regressions was used to measure the influences of sports activities on developing purpose of college student, t-tests were used to identify significant differences between the influences of individual and team games on developing purpose of college student. This study showed that students develop their purpose of life in college and sports activities provide a dynamic environment in this regard. Statistically significant evidence is found from the data that students developed an academics purpose along with life purpose during college sports activities more significantly.

Impact of Sports Motivation & Locus of Control on Athlete’s Competitive Anxiety

In the sports, psychological and physiological factors play an important role in determining the performance level. Present paper intends to study the impact of sports motivation & locus of control on athlete’s competitive anxiety. For the purpose of this study, a specific sample of 191 athletes from individual games (watersports, athletics, wushu, judo, taekwondo, boxing) was selected from sports authority India, central region center, Bhopal. Random sampling is used for selecting the participants. Sport Competition Anxiety Test (Martens 1977), Sport Motivation Scale (SMS) and Rotter’s Locus of Control Scale were administered for data collection. The statistical analysis of data was done via linear correlation using Pearson’s method and Multivariate stepwise regression. Result shows that the external locus of control was positively significantly predicting highly competitive anxiety in athletes.no significant relationship found between the construct internal locus of control and competitive anxiety, and also no significant relationship found between intrinsic motivation and competitive anxiety.

Organization of Students and Total Task Time: External and Internal Load Recorded during Motor Activity

The organization of the students and the time taken to execute the learning tasks determine the physical (external load) and physiological (internal load) demands the students support during physical education classes. The aim of this study was to determine which organizational and pedagogical elements used to design different learning tasks for soccer provoke greater external (Player Load (PL)) and internal (Heart Rate (HR)) load and thus help the students to fulfil the adequate physical activity recommendations (moderate to vigorous physical activity for ≥50% of class time). The organizational elements studied were (1) the participation type and (2) total task time, and the pedagogical element of (3) the game situation. A total of 40 students from the fifth year of primary education participated in the study distributed into two class groups. The basic analysis units were the data on physical activity recorded in each of the tasks carried out by the students during the practical sessions (1500 records), and they were recorded using WIMU ProTM inertial movement devices. A descriptive and inferential analysis was performed with the Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis H statistical tests. The results recommend the following types of tasks with simultaneous participation: individual games, numerical inequality SSG, numerical equality SSG lasting less than 6 min, numerical equality SSG, and full games lasting between 6 and 10 min. This type of learning task makes the students move more (medium Player Load between 0.80 and 1.20) and at greater intensities (Heart Rate zone 4, between 161 and 181 bpm). Therefore, physical education teachers must take into account the pedagogical and organizational elements studied to make the sessions more intense and associated with health benefits.

Physiological Response of the Performance of Young Football Players During Small-Sided Games

Summary The main aim of the present study was to examine the cardiovascular response, time-motion characteristics, game performance and rated of perceived exertion (RPE) during small-sided games (SSGs) with different number of players. The research group consisted of elite youth male soccer players (n = 18) (aged 16.5 ±0.71 years, maximum heart rate (HRmax) 196.42 ±5.31 beats.min−1) from the FC DAC 1904 Dunajská Streda U17 soccer club. Cardiovascular response measurements included heart rate (HR) expressed in minimum, mean and maximum values and time spent in different intensity zones. Total distance covered, high intensity running and the number of accelerations and decelerations were captured by GPS. Individual game performance and the number of technical-tactical actions were recorded during every SSGs. After the game time we collected the ratings of perceived exertion scores from each player. Results showed that SSG with small number of players (3 vs. 3) triggered the highest HR response with mean value 168.00 ±8.48 beats.min−1, players spent the most time in maximal intensity zone 0:09:06 minutes, of SSG duration. This format of SSG was the mostintense for the players´ cardiovascular system, but we can’t find statistically significant differences between the HR values in SSGs. External load was the most demanding in SSG1 too, like in internal load. The highest scores in individual game performance were recorded in SSG2. In RPE scores SSG1 was the most difficult from the players point of view. In conclusion, the present research demonstrates the effectiveness of SSG1 in training sessions. Therefore, the coaching staff has the possibility to choose between SSGs during training sessions according to their physical, technical, tactical and psychological objectives.

The Study of Maturational Timing Effect in Elite Portuguese Adolescent Basketball Players: Anthropometric, Functional and Game Performance Implications

To estimate age at peak height velocity (APHV) in Portuguese male adolescents and; test the effect of maturational status in physical fitness attributes and individual game performance of U-14 basketball players. One mixed-longitudinal cohort with a sample of 439 Portuguese male adolescents and; one cross sectional sample of 172 Portuguese elite U-14 basketball players. The on-time group was defined within a 1-year band (more or less) from mean APHV. Preece-Baines model 1 was adopted to fit the mean stature curve. Independent samples t-tests and Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed and effect size (partial eta square) was calculated. The growth fitting revealed an APHV around 13.45 years for Portuguese male adolescents. Early maturing players exceeded significantly their peers in body size and composition, jump power and upper body strength. Early and on-time maturing players scored better in rebounds won per game (APHV = 13.81, 13.30 years), Performance Index Rating (PIR) and points scored per minute. Maturation influences morphology attributes and strength regardless of the APHV (13.81, 13.45, 13.30 years) used to obtain the cut-off points. It is recommended to use the new Portuguese mean APHV value to avoid extreme classifying bias groups.

Gender and perceived cooperation modulate visual attention in a joint spatial cueing task

ABSTRACT This research investigated how interactive social contexts shape basic visual attention. It has been shown that social information can modulate inhibition of return effects in joint spatial cueing tasks. We predicted that if perceptions of cooperativeness explain this phenomenon, we would then observe larger inhibition of return effects for more cooperative individuals and in highly cooperative contexts. Experiments 1a and 1b found larger inhibition of return effects and greater perceptions of cooperativeness for female compared to male participants, consistent with the literature on gender stereotypes and the behavioural evidence that females are more cooperative than males. In Experiment 2a and 2b, we experimentally manipulated the cooperativeness of the task, describing it as either a team or an individual game. This time, we found larger inhibition of return effects and greater perceptions of cooperativeness for male participants in the team compared to the individual game. We conclude that construing interactive contexts as cooperative plays an important role in the joint spatial orienting of visual attention, and we propose this as an example of socially distributed cognition.

The Impact of Covid-19 On Sport Organizations in Caraș-Severin County

ABSTRACT. Background: The beginning of 2020, more precisely the month of March, when the Covid-19 pandemic was declared, represents the beginning of one of the darkest pages in the history of world sport. The reason is a well-known one, namely the fact that the implementation of measures to prevent the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus have led to the cessation of competitions and the training process, for certain periods of time, in almost all sports. The aim of this study was to see how these measures have influenced the sports activity in Romania, especially that of the sports organizations from Caraş-Severin County (C-S). Thus, a number of 43 sports organizations from CS County were targeted, of which 39.3% being clubs/associations that work only at the level of children and juniors, 12.5% are clubs/associations that have only senior team, and 48.2% are clubs/associations that have both senior team and children/junior teams. All participants agreed that information could be processed and used for scientific purpose, and the study has obtained Research Ethics Approval from The Scientific Council of the Babeș-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca. Methods: An online questionnaire survey was conducted, with 31 items, which aimed to outline an accurate picture of the existing situation among sports organizations, which was the situation of sports competitions in 2020, respectively the 2019-2020 season, which was the situation of the training process in the 10 pandemic months of 2020, but more importantly, what are the current situation of the training process and that of the competitive system. Results: Compared to the sports activity carried out at the level of CS county, a number of 8 team sports and a number of 12 individual sports were taken into account, the answers offered being in proportion of 73% from the coaches from team sports, and 27% from individual sports coaches. It was observed that in team sports 78% of the respondents showed that the 2020-2021 competitive season had not yet started until January 2021, while 14.6% it started and was interrupted. Only 7.3% of the teams are in full competition season, the 2020-2021 championship not being embodied due to the Covid-19 pandemic. It was also found that after the resumption of stopped training, as a result of the application of measures to prevent the spread of the pandemic, the number of children decreased both in individual sports and team games. Conclusion: Based on the results, we can see the negative impact of sports organizations that are in the lower leagues, as well as those that are at the level of children and juniors. The fact that training has not been resumed, the measures imposed by the pandemic, the fear induced by a possible infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus can cause the disappearance of a significant number of sports organizations, which will have a negative effect not only on the performance sport, but also on the level of public health.

Physical Training Information System of College Sports Based on Big Data Mobile Terminal

The development of information technology is changing all walks of life. People’s health problem is more and more prominent; people begin to talk about the reform of college sports training. Sports no longer rely on individual games, but on the comprehensive strength of science and technology competition. The fierce competition for Olympic gold medal in modern competitive sports is largely due to the competition of scientific and technological strength of various countries. China has also conducted a lot of research on sports information and made some achievements. Through the investigation, we know that, at present, the provincial level sports teams have established the relevant sports training information management system, which is very effective. The latest scientific and technological achievements are combined with sports to establish the university sports information system. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the university sports physical training information system based on big data mobile terminal, study the big data embedded system, improve the effect of sports skills training, and meet the social demand for high skilled sports talents. This paper uses the literature method, experimental investigation method, and big data spectral clustering algorithm-related experiments to study the advantages of big data and uses the value of big data and embedded system model to study the university sports physical fitness training information system based on big data mobile terminal. The results show that 40.6% of college students spend more time in physical exercise, based on the application of big data embedded system in college sports training; it is of great significance to arrange sports training methods to improve students’ sports training performance.

The Effect of Bonyan-Method Experiential Marathon Structured Groups (BEMSG) on the Elements of the Five-Factor Model of Personality

Various studies have shown the effectiveness of marathon groups on improving participants' personality components. For the first time, the present study has studied the effectiveness of one of the oldest marathon groups in Iran on the personality elements of the Big Five model in the nonclinical population. This study was performed quasi-experimental with an experimental (n = 50) and a control group (n = 50). To meet the entry criteria, all applicants were screened while completing a comprehensive demographic questionnaire. The experimental group participated in the marathon group on three days in a row (for 36 hours) and three weekly follow-up sessions. At the end of the third follow-up session, the NEO FFI questionnaire was simultaneously given to the experimental and control groups. The mean difference statistical tests showed that the score of all personality elements in the experimental group compared to the control group had changed significantly (P <0.05). Among these, the largest effects size are related to "extraversion", "responsibility" and "openness to experience" (d> 0.4), respectively. Individual and group constructive experiential games and intensive and sequential feedback processes in Bonyan-method experiential marathon groups seem to improve the Big 5 personality components in the nonclinical population. Considering the relationship between improving the components of personality and mental health, it can be predicted that important steps can be taken to promote the community's mental health and prevent psychological damage by using these groups.

Comparasion of self-esteem and aggression between combative and non combative sports of Kashmir Division

This survey type research aimed to check and compare the self-esteem aggressiveness between combative sports and non- combative sports of Jammu and Kashmir. For knowing the outcome of results A total of sixty 60 sports players, which constitute 30 Combative sport and 30 non-combative sport. The Subjects were selected by purposive sampling. The subjects were considered from the age group between 22-29 years. For the analysis of the self-esteem and aggresssive tendency of the subjects of both the groups I.e. combative sports and non-combative sports group. The Standard questionnaire meant for Self-Esteem by- Dr. Morris Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale it has 10 items and the standard questionnaire of aggression constructed by R. L. Bhardwaj scale, were used for data collection and to know the aggression level of individual and team game players of Kashmir University which contains 28 items. The analysis of data was done by using statistical technique ‘t’- test for finding the significance difference of self-esteem aggressive tendency between combative sports and non-combative sports and the level of significance was set at 0.05 levels (p<0.05). After the systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of collected data from all, it is concluded that in comparison between both groups Combative were found with high self-esteem and aggression as compared to non-combative sports players.

Body Composition in Various Age Groups Among Individual and Team Sport

The study aimed to compare the Body Composition in Various Age Groups among Individual and Team Sport. A total of one hundred twenty (120) subjects, comprising 60 Individual and 60 Team sport of district Kulgam J&K, further out of 60 individual sports players 20 players were of the age group between 20-25, ( 20 ) players were of the age group between 25- 30 and 20 players were of the age group between 30-35. the same procedure was followed for 60 team sports players. The Subjects were selected by using purposive sampling. The age of the subjects ranged between 20-25, the second group 25-30, and the third group 30-35. To analyze and compare the Body Composition and fat percentage in three different age groups among individual sports and team sports, the Following equipment and test were used: the data related to Fat Percentage was measured by Skinfold Calipers. BMI: it was estimated by Stadiometer and weighing machine. ).the data that was collected after applying standard testing kits were written in separate columns and was cross-checked for all three different age groups. Individual and team sports of district kulgam. Then the analysis of data was carried out by applying various statistical techniques like average., standard deviation and through the application of formula of t-test to find out the significant difference of all selected physical variables I,e BMI and fat percentage in various age groups among individual and team sports players of kulgam district the level of significance as per norm was kept as (p<0.05). the mean and standard deviation of BMI in 20-25 age group individual game players is ( 22.02 ±2.20) respectively, and the mean and standard deviation of BMI in 20-25 age group of team sports players is (18.01 ±1.81), with an average difference of 4.01. ). Hence individual sports players were found with a higher BMI than team sports players under the 20-25 age group. BMI in the 25-30 age group individual game players is (23.09±1.76) respectively, and the mean and standard deviation of BMI in 25-30 age group of team sports players is (20.07±3.36), with an average difference of 3.02. ). Hence under this age group, the individual sports players were found with a higher BMI than team sports groups. The mean and standard deviation of BMI in 30-35 age group individual game players is (19.30±2.07) respectively, and the mean and standard deviation of BMI in 30-35 age group of team sports players is (22.17 ±3.47), with an average difference of 2.87. Hence, team sports players were found with a higher BMI under the age group than individual sports players. The mean and standard deviation of fat percentage in 20-25 age group individual game players is (11.09±4.83) respectively, and the mean and standard deviation of fat percentage in 20-25 age group of team sports players is (9.02±4.18), with an average difference of 2.17.).Hence under this age group, individual sports players were found fatty as compared to team sports players. The mean and standard deviation of fat percentage in 25-30 age group individual game players is (10.01±3.53) respectively, and the mean and standard deviation of BMI in 25-30 age group of team sports players is (14.04±7.48), with an average difference of 4.13. ). Hence under this age group, team sports players were found fatty as compared to individual sports players. The mean and standard deviation of BMI in 30-35 age group individual game players is (14.08±2.81) respectively, and the mean and standard deviation of fat percentage in 30-35 age group of team sports players is (18.01±5.64), with an average difference of 3.64. Hence under this age group, team sports players were found fatty as compared to individual sports players

Оценка умственных действий с помощью компьютерной системы в условиях взаимодействия с партнером

The present study is focused on testing the computer game system ‘PL-modified’ as a diagnostic tool for measurement of higher-order cognitive skills by middle-school students in individual and collaborative game. The ‘PL-modified’ is a computer system designed as a game which implies a set of concrete parameters specially elaborated for assessment of the cognitive actions of analysis, planning, and reflection — the basic higher-order cognitive functions which determine high achievements in school education according to the Russian theory of developmental education. 189 middle-school students at the age of 11—12 years participated in this study. Two research questions were asked: 1) whether the cognitive actions of analysis, planning, and reflection measured by special markers of the computer game system performance are correlated with each other as a valid indicator for the new constructed diagnostic instrument; 2) which type of the game — individual or collaborative — provides better conditions for manifestation of the above mentioned higher mental actions. Abstract intelligence as an additional anticipated factor for high game performance was also assessed and controlled. It was revealed that participants exhibit the higher level of the cognitive actions of analysis and planning in collaborative game. At the same time the patterns of the interactions between the researched variables as well as distinct parameters of game performance are determined by the concrete level of intelligence which rather varies in different pairs of collaborators. We discuss our results from the position of the further prospects for the application of the ‘Pl-modified’ computer system as a potential instrument of measurement and development of higher-order thinking actions. In terms of the modern educational programs teachers need simple diagnostic tools for measurement of school-children’s thinking development. Traditional ‘pen-and-paper’ techniques become quickly outdated as much as they may not be sufficiently motivationally attractive for children and focus only on the result of the thinking process. In this regard, such diagnostic instrument formed in the format of a computer game and centered on the whole gaming process allows fixing children’s actions and provides important information on the dynamic characteristics of their mental process.

Quantifying and Comparing the Match Demands of U18, U23, and 1ST Team English Professional Soccer Players.

The aim of this study was to quantify and compare the match load demands of U18, U23, and 1ST team players during the official season. A total of 65 matches and 495 (U18 = 146, U23 = 146, and 1ST team = 203) individual player game observations were included in this analysis. A 10-Hz global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) and 100-Hz triaxial accelerometer (STATSports, Apex, Northern Ireland) were used to monitor the following metrics during official matches: total distance, high-speed running distance (HSR), sprint distance, high metabolic distance, explosive distance, high-intensity bursts distance, speed intensity, and dynamic stress load (DSL) were analyzed. A multivariate analysis of variance test reported significant (p < 0.001) differences among the groups. HSR during matches was lower (d = small) for U18 players than the U23 and 1ST team players. Sprint distance and high-intensity bursts distance were lower (small) in U18 compared with the U23 and 1ST team. DSL was greater in 1ST compared with U18 (small) and U23 (small). This study reported that the differences between groups were greater for HSR, sprint distance, high-intensity bursts distance, and DSL, while total distance, high metabolic load distance, explosive distance, and speed intensity did not differ between the groups. These findings could be used to design training programs in the academy players (i.e., U18) to achieve the required long-term physical adaptations that are needed to progress into the U23 and 1ST teams.

Team's seasonal win probabilities

We consider a competition involving $r$ teams, where each individual game involves two teams, and where each game between teams $i$ and $j$ is won by $i$ with probability $P_{i,j} = 1 - P_{j,i}$. We suppose that $i$ and $j$ are scheduled to play $n(i,j)$ games and say that the team that wins the most games is the winner of the competition. We show that the conditional probability that $i$ is the winner, given that $i$ wins $k$ games, is increasing in $k$. We bound the tail probability of the number of wins of the winning team. We consider the special case where $P_{i,j} = {v_i}/{(v_i + v_j)}$, and obtain structural results on the probability that team $i$ is the winner. We give efficient simulation approaches for computing the probability that team $i$ is the winner, and the conditional probability given the number of wins of $i$.