Individual Emotional Experience Research Articles

Is it okay to feel this way? Exploring the joint effect of emotional experiences and expectations on life satisfaction.

This research investigates the joint effect of individual emotional experiences and societal expectations on life satisfaction. Inspired by the Affect Valuation Theory and Self-Discrepancy Theory, we explored how discrepancies between actual emotional experiences and what society believes we "ought" to feel are linked with life satisfaction. A total of 301 U.S. online participants rated their emotional experiences and societal expectations for emotions, along with measures of life satisfaction. Response surface analyses were used to assess the effect of emotional experience-norm congruence on life satisfaction. Findings revealed that the highest life satisfaction reported by individuals infrequently experiencing negative emotions but perceiving high societal expectations for these emotions, while congruence effects were not supported. These findings suggest the potential benefits of a societal shift toward greater acceptance of a wider range of negative emotions. The study may potentially stimulate interventions to enhance individuals' life satisfaction by reconsidering societal beliefs about emotions.

Psychological aspects of satirical communication in contemporary Ukrainian military memetics Based on social media material

The investigation aims to study the psychological and emotional aspects of satirical communication over social media using memes, specific effects, and coping strategies. The object of the research is memes by the art portal “Mystetstvo Peremohy”, the Ukrainian startup Reface, the application “Memomet”, “Ukrainian Memes”, REDDIT UKRAINE, “Black Humor. In Ukrainian. #BH”, “GONI Memes”, “First Private Memery”, “MEMoirs of War Time”. The study utilizes cultural-historical, comparative, interpretative, and synchronic methods. The results of the research showed that memes reflected the worldview of Ukrainians in extreme conditions and fulfilled informational, emotional, and communicative functions, as well as mobilization and activation of society. The primary (basic) emotions felt by compatriots were anger, disgust, contempt for the enemy, and joy for the initial victories. The spread of memes with such emotions warned against social apathy and the emergence of fear, guilt, shame, anxiety, or wonder, while socializing Ukrainians through this genre contributed to the formation of secondary emotions: love (for relatives, homeland, land), optimism, trust, and prevented the emergence of shock states of anxiety-fear-perplexity, disappointment, sadness, and also cultivated interest-excitement, vigilance-expectation-interest. Alongside propagandistic and counter-propagandistic narratives, memes reflected and simultaneously programmed the behavior of Ukrainians, shaping the social behavior of the nation in times of threat, namely: basic coping strategies of “problem-solving” and “seeking social support”, which made the existence of the “avoidance” strategy impossible. It was established that in the aforementioned satirical communication strategies, predominantly two-component, creolized memes worked as coping resources for overcoming social stress, transforming it from high to low or moderate, demonstrating the cognitive development of Ukrainians, orientation in wartime situations, ability to take responsibility for their own actions and behavior, accumulation of individual emotional experience (empathy), and illustrated the value-motivational structure, which overall reflects the self-concept of Ukrainians, their mental characteristics, and character, which constitutes the novelty of the research.

Analysis of the Musical Factors and Personal Factors Affecting the Music-evoked Autobiographical Memory among Teenagers

Music-evoked autobiographical Memory (MEAM) is a distinct form of autobiographical memory that is intricately intertwined with the experience of music. The present study centers its attention on the many musical and human aspects that exerted an influence on the Music-Evoked Autobiographical Memory process among adolescents. Through the administration of a questionnaire to a sample of 312 high school and college students, the researcher discovered that various factors, including the genre of music, the level of mood-matching between the music and the individual, the emotional response elicited during listening, and the level of arousal experienced by the listener, exert substantial influences on the MEAM. The results of this study provide evidence in favor of the concept that individual emotional experiences and the substance of music might influence the process of memory. This result demonstrates the potential implications of MEAM for the fields of music therapy, education, and the music industry.

Emotion experience and regulation in undergraduates following social rejection: A daily diary study

We used a 30-day daily diary assessment method to examine the within-person associations between social rejection, emotional experiences, and emotion regulation strategies in a sample of 34 college students. Taking emotional experience as the dependent variable, we explored and analyzed cumulative and hysteresis effects using a random regression coefficient model. The results showed that situations of social rejection tended to induce negative emotional experiences, for which college students mostly adopted attention transfer strategies. In contrast, positive emotional experience increased in situations of social acceptance, and college students mostly adopted cognitive reappraisal strategies in this setting. Further, cognitive reappraisal strategies had time accumulation and overlapping effects on individual positive emotional experiences, and attention transfer strategies had a lag effect on individual emotional experiences. These findings advance understanding of the negative affect–emotion regulation association among individuals exposed to social rejection.

Emotional Experience of People With Schizophrenia and People at Risk for Psychosis

Psychotic symptoms are associated with subjective reports of aberrant emotion, such as excessive fear or anhedonia, but whether these aberrations reflect aberrant emotional experience of normative stimuli is uncertain both for individuals with schizophrenia and those at risk for psychosis. To provide a meta-analysis of study samples of emotional experience in individuals with schizophrenia and those at risk for psychosis as assessed in laboratory-based emotion-induction studies. MEDLINE and PsycINFO databases were searched for articles published from January 1986 and Google Scholar citations of a relevant earlier meta-analysis until August 2022. Reference lists were manually searched for additional studies. Included studies measured positive or negative emotional experience in response to standardized emotionally evocative stimuli and compared participants diagnosed with schizophrenia or participants at risk for psychosis with healthy controls. The meta-analysis was registered with PROSPERO and followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses reporting guidelines. Data were extracted by 2 independent coders, and random-effects analyses were conducted. Outcomes were 3 scales of emotional experience (unipolar positive emotion, unipolar negative emotion, bipolar valence), analyzed separately for pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant stimuli. A meta-analysis was conducted for differences between the 2 clinical groups combined and controls. Subgroup differences (schizophrenia vs at risk) and the influence of several other variables were tested in moderator analyses. This systematic review and meta-analysis included data from 111 studies and 6913 participants (schizophrenia: 2848 [41.2%]; at risk: 877 [12.7%]; healthy controls: 3188 [46.1%]). Compared with controls, people with schizophrenia and those at risk for psychosis experienced pleasant stimuli as less positive (unipolar positive: standardized mean difference [SMD] Hedges g = -0.19; P =.001; bipolar valence: SMD Hedges g = -0.28; P <.001) and more negative (Hedges g = 0.52; P <.001), neutral stimuli as more negative (Hedges g = 0.55; P <.001), and unpleasant stimuli as both more positive (unipolar positive: SMD Hedges g = 0.23; P =.005; bipolar valence: Hedges g = 0.12; P =.01) and more negative (Hedges g = 0.22; P <.001). Moderator analyses indicated a less aberrant emotional experience for odors than for visual stimuli (unipolar negative, pleasant z score = -2.97; P =.003; unipolar negative, neutral z score = -2.70; P =.007), an association between higher negative symptoms and diminished positive emotion for pleasant stimuli in schizophrenia (z score = -2.98; P =.003), and that subgroup differences were limited to neutral stimuli. Results suggest a pattern of aberrant emotional experience of normative stimuli in schizophrenia and that this already was observable before disorder onset. In particular, the aberrant experience of pleasant stimuli needs to be considered as an intervention target.

"Cyber Pet Raising": A Study on the Internet Community of Interest from the Perspective of Post-subcultural

As a spiritual home for contemporary youth, the emergence of the community of "Cyber pet raising" has important cultural significance. From the perspective of post-subcultural theory, this paper studies the social media presentation of "Cyber pet raising" members, and concludes that technological and cultural factors lay the foundation for the formation of the community, and through the establishment of intimate relationships, sharing and interaction, and identity, the community can be operated and developed. However, in the cyber virtual space, members become more mobile, and style of the community is no longer obvious, shifting from a collective grand narrative to individual emotional experience and identity.

Adherence to emotion norms is greater in individualist cultures than in collectivist cultures.

It is generally assumed that there is greater pressure to conform to social norms in collectivist cultures than in individualist cultures. However, most research on cultural differences in social norms has examined norms for behaviors. Here, we examine cultural differences in norms for emotions. Relative to members of collectivist cultures, members of individualist cultures are more attuned to internal states and value them more. Therefore, we predicted that adherence to emotion norms would be greater in individualist than in collectivist cultures. In four studies with 119 samples from 69 distinct countries and over 200,000 participants, we estimated adherence to emotion norms in different cultures, and how deviation from emotion norms is associated with life satisfaction. As predicted, in countries higher in individualism, emotional experiences of individuals were more homogenous and more concordant with the emotions of others in their culture. Furthermore, in more individualist countries, deviation from the mean emotional experience was linked to lower life satisfaction. We discuss two complementary mechanisms that may underlie such differences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Patient Perception of Education, Care Coordination, and Psychological Distress After Developing Facial Paralysis

The management of vestibular schwannoma may include observation, microsurgical resection, or radiation of a tumor near the facial nerve. Injury to the facial nerve can result in facial paralysis with major functional, social, and psychological sequelae, and the experiences of patients after paralysis are not well studied. To (1) identify patient preparedness for developing facial paralysis and how well their care is coordinated following its development and (2) present in their own words outcomes of facial paralysis in terms of physical health, emotional health, self-perception, and social interactions. A qualitative observational study was performed using semistructured interviews at a tertiary care academic medical center. Semistructured interviews were conducted between January 1, 2018, and June 30, 2019, with adults aged 25 to 70 years who developed facial paralysis after treatment for vestibular schwannoma. Data were analyzed from July 2019 to June 2020. Perceptions of the educational and emotional experiences of individuals who developed complete facial paralysis after surgical treatment of vestibular schwannoma. Overall, 12 participants were interviewed (median age, 54 years [range, 25-70 years]; 11 were female). Saturation was achieved after 12 interviews, indicating that no further information could be elicited from additional interviews. Four major themes were identified: (1) lack of sufficient patient education about the diagnosis of facial paralysis; (2) lack of appropriate care coordination related to facial paralysis; (3) changes in physical and emotional health following facial paralysis; and (4) changes in social interactions and external support following facial paralysis. It is well-known that patients with facial paralysis have reduced quality of life, severe psychological and emotional sequelae. However, little is currently done to help prepare patients for this undesirable outcome. In this qualitative study of facial paralysis, patients express, in their own words, their feeling that the education and management of facial paralysis by their clinicians was inadequate. Before patients undergo surgery, and certainly after injury to the facial nerve, clinicians should consider the patient's goals, preferences, and values to ensure that a comprehensive educational program and psychosocial support system are implemented. Facial reanimation research has not adequately captured these key patient factors associated with the quality of communication.

Introduction to Brian H. Bix, Svein Eng, and Giorgio Ridolfi on Alf Ross

Introduction to Brian H. Bix, Svein Eng, and Giorgio Ridolfi on Alf Ross

Postcolonial ambivalence as per the tourist

This article aims to understand the ways in which ambivalence toward postcolonial mimetic places is exposed in touristic consumption. This article is a single case study investigating Bà Nà Hills, which was initially constructed by the French colonialists and afterwards developed into an entertainment park in Vietnam. Ethnographic research by using face-to-face techniques such as in-depth interviewing and participant observation was undertaken. Findings show the ways in which ambivalent emotional subjectivities coexist between ‘searching for authenticity’ and ‘embracing simulacra’. This article proposes that a postcolonial equivocatory place generates and regulates tourists' ambivalence between the complexities of authenticity and simulacra and that, ambivalence functions as a bridge and an interpretive and analytic tool between individual emotional experience and social changes.

A qualitative investigation of the hearing and hearing-aid related emotional states experienced by adults with hearing loss

Objective Despite previous research into the psychosocial impact of hearing loss, little detail is known regarding the hearing and hearing-aid-related emotional states experienced by adults with hearing loss in everyday life, and how they occur. Design Individual remote semi-structured interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and qualitatively analysed with reflexive and inductive thematic analysis. Study sample Seventeen participants (9 female) with hearing loss (age range 44–74 years) participated. Ten used bilateral hearing aids, four unilateral and three used no hearing aids at the time of interviews. Results The four main themes which emerged from the data were: identity and self-image, autonomy and control, personality and dominant emotional states and situational cost/benefit analysis with respect to use of hearing aids. Conclusions This study goes beyond previous literature by providing a more detailed insight into emotions related to hearing and hearing-aids in adults. Hearing loss causes a multitude of negative emotions, while hearing aids generally reduce negative emotions and allow for more positive emotions. However, factors such as lifestyle, personality, situational control, the relationship with those in conversation and the attribution of blame are key to individual emotional experience. Clinical implications include the important role of social relationships in assessment and counselling.

Feeling Safe in the City: In Search of a Sociological Conceptualization

The article problematizes the existence of a gap between the concepts of urban safety and the feeling of safety in the city. Urban safety is usually understood as a low crime rate and protection from other external threats. At the same time, the feeling of safety is associated with individual experiences, social identity and other social and psychological factors. The lack of a sociological understanding of the feeling of safety is a problem for further study of the phenomenon. The purpose of this article is to solve this problem. At the beginning, an overview of the developments in the study of safety in sociological theory is given, which connects the concept of safety with the concepts of risk and trust. Further, safety is considered taking into account its socio-emotional characteristics. The role of space in the emotional experiences of individuals is described. As a result, a definition of urban safety is proposed as a feeling based on the spectrum of social emotions and expressed through specific discourse and social actions.

Creative problem solving and facial expressions: A stage based comparison.

A wealth of research indicates that emotions play an instrumental role in creative problem-solving. However, most of these studies have relied primarily on diary studies and self-report scales when measuring emotions during the creative processes. There has been a need to capture in-the-moment emotional experiences of individuals during the creative process using an automated emotion recognition tool. The experiment in this study examined the process-related difference between the creative problem solving (CPS) and simple problem solving (SPS) processes using protocol analysis and Markov’s chains. Further, this experiment introduced a novel method for measuring in-the-moment emotional experiences of individuals during the CPS and SPS processes using facial expressions and machine learning algorithms. The experiment described in this study employed 64 participants to solve different tasks while wearing camera-mounted headgear. Using retrospective analysis, the participants verbally reported their thoughts using video-stimulated recall. Our results indicate differences in the cognitive efforts spent at different stages during the CPS and SPS processes. We also found that most of the creative stages were associated with ambivalent emotions whereas the stage of block was associated with negative emotions.

Towards Dynamically Crafted Affective Experiences Through Emotional Response Player Modelling

Designing adaptive games for individual emotional experiences is an elaborate task due to the necessary dedicated hardware, complex signal processing and unique emotional bonds each player may forge with the game. The research work I propose focuses on developing a novel affective interaction scheme where players’ emotional reactions are learned by a computational model that leverages this information to influence their future emotional states. To this end I aim at interpreting the causality relations between physiologically measured emotional response variations and their eliciting events. I then plan using these reactions to build each player’s individual emotional reaction model, which will guide the game engine’s logic on how to plan future game events, in order to elicit a target affective experience. Ultimately, I expect this technique to allow game designers to focus on defining high-level rules for generating their envisioned affective gameplay experience, rather than in manually tuning it in a repetitive and time-consuming fashion.

Guided Emotional State Regulation: Understanding and Shaping Players’ Affective Experiences in Digital Games

Designing adaptive games for individual emotional experiences is a tricky task, especially when detecting a player’s emotional state in real time requires physiological sensing hardware and signal processing software. There is currently a lack of software that can identify and learn how emotional states in games are triggered. To address this problem, we developed a system capable of understanding the fundamental relations between emotional responses and their eliciting events. We propose time-evolving Affective Reaction Models (ARM), which learn new affective reactions and manage conflicting ones. These models are then meant to provide information on how a set of predetermined game parameters (e.g., enemy and item spawning, music and lighting effects) should be adapted, to modulate the player’s emotional state. In this paper, we propose and describe a framework for modulating player emotions and the main components involved in regulating players’ affective experience. We expect our technique will allow game designers to focus on defining high-level rules for generating gameplay experiences instead of having to create and test different content for each player type.

Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Abilities, Emotion Processing and the Role of Early Life Stress in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.

Perception of internal bodily sensations includes three dissociable processes: interoceptive accuracy, interoceptive sensibility, and interoceptive awareness. Interoceptive abilities play a crucial role in emotion processing and impairments of these processes have been reported in several psychiatric disorders. Studies investigating interoceptive abilities and their role in emotional experience in individuals with somatic disorders such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are sparse. Recent findings suggested an association between adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and the development of gastrointestinal disorders. The aim of the current study was to investigate the associations between the different dimensions of interoception and emotional processing in IBD while taking ACE into account. We recruited IBD patients in clinical remission (n = 35) and 35 healthy control participants (HC) matched for age, education and IQ. Interoception was measured as a three-dimensional construct. Interoceptive accuracy was assessed with the heartbeat tracking task and interoceptive sensibility with a self-report measure (Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness questionnaire). Emotional processing was measured using an experimental task, where participants were asked to rate the subjectively perceived valence and arousal when presented with positive, neutral and negative visual stimuli. IBD patients significantly differed in two interoceptive sensibility domains, Emotional awareness and Not-distracting. Patients reported greater awareness of the connection between bodily sensations and emotional states, while showing a stronger tendency to use distraction from unpleasant sensations compared with HC. Higher emotional awareness was linked to higher perceived intensity and arousal of negative stimuli. The strength of this relation was dependent on the severity of ACE, with severer traumatization being associated with a stronger association between emotional awareness and perceived valence and arousal. Our findings suggest that it is the subjective component of interoception, especially the one assessing interoceptive abilities within the scope of emotional experience, which affects emotional processing in IBD. This is the first study providing evidence that IBD patients did not differ in their perception of visceral signals per se but only in the subjective ability to attribute certain physical sensations to physiological manifestations of emotions. Our findings support the hypothesis that ACE affect the association between interoception and emotional processing.

"We Thought We Were Alone": The Subjective Experience of the Siblings of Anorexic Adolescent Patients.

Objective: The siblings of patients suffering from Anorexia Nervosa (AN) are potentially affected by a disturbed emotional experience that often remains undetected. In order to bring them a psychological support, the Maison de Solenn proposed a support group program for these siblings. The current research explores their mental representations of AN and their emotional experience in the support group named “sibling group.”Method: This exploratory study is based on a phenomenological and inductive qualitative method. Four girls and three boys aged between 6 and 19 participating in the “sibling group” were included in a one-time focus group session using a semi-structured interview guide. The thematic data analysis was performed by applying the methods of interpretative phenomenological analysis.Results: Themes that emerged from the interview fall into four categories: AN explained by siblings; the individual emotional experience of siblings; the family experience of siblings and the experience inside the “sibling group.”Discussion: According to our participants, the “sibling group” thus functions as a good compromise between keeping an active role in the anorexic patient's care and taking a step back to avoid being eaten up by the illness. Sibling-group participants retrieved a sense of belonging, which is normally one of the functions of being a sibling. It is important to note that the “sibling group” is part of the comprehensive (or global) family-based approach included in an institutional multidisciplinary integrative care framework.

Measuring Negative Emotion Differentiation Via Coded Descriptions of Emotional Experience.

Emotion differentiation (ED) has been defined in terms of two abilities: (a) making fine-grained distinctions between emotional experiences, and (b) describing individual emotional experiences with a high degree of nuance and specificity. Research to date has almost exclusively focused on the former, with little attention paid to the latter. The current study sought to address this discrepant focus by testing two novel measures of negative ED (i.e., based on negatively valenced emotions only) via coded open-ended descriptions of individual emotional experiences, both past and present. As part of a larger study, 307 participants completed written descriptions of two negative emotional experiences, as well as a measure of emotion regulation difficulties and indices of psychopathological symptom severity. Negative ED ability, as measured via consistency between emotional experiences, was found to be unrelated to negative ED ability exhibited via coding of language within experiences. Within-experience negative ED may offer an incrementally adaptive function to that of ED between emotional experiences. Implications for ED theory are discussed.

Empowered or patronized? The role of emotions in policies and professional discourses on birth care

While the focus on emotions has been associated with the rise of psychosocial welfare and has promised a gateway to accommodate individually diversified needs of citizens in policies, the article shows that the role of emotions needs to be better understood. Highlighting emotions can serve both to empower and to patronize those who experience them. Referring to emotions can thus strengthen hierarchies and downplay individual requests to initiate a change. The analysis of professional discourses on birth care in Czechia shows the value of contextualising emotions. While midwifery discourses apply the emotional context of birth to support women in their specific birth choices, medical discourses use the emotional context to patronize them and to limit their requirements. As a result, policy demands are seen as illegitimate when coming from midwives, who want to see women’s choices more respected in care. We analyse this dynamic through intimacy. As a conceptual framework used in sociology of care, ‘intimacy’ ties individual emotional experiences to collective discourses on care, the body and related feelings. Viewing professional discourses on birth care through intimacy reveals the role of emotions in the collective recognition of the personal struggle for the right to give birth in conditions that respect bodily and emotional integrity, which informs how we think of the role of emotions in policies in general.

EMOTIONAL MANAGEMENT AS A COMPONENT OF EFFECTIVE TEAM MANAGEMENT

The article considers the theoretical aspects of team management on the basis of emotional management. It is shown that the modeling team emotional work explains the features of the manifestations of its important parameters and forms the approaches to improve the social and emotional team environment. Conceptual foundations of command and emotional control are disclosed in line with theoretical developments in the field of emotional work and modeling its processes. It is shown that the success of team for-mation is determined by the interaction of individual and group (social) expectations, which reflect the willingness of team members to cooperation and effective interpersonal interaction based on common understanding of the roles and abilities of each other. Indi-vidual emotional experience is highlighted as a fundamental characteristic, which mediates all other input parameters and is the basis for the formation of a team indicators of emotional experience and emotional intelligence. The idea of the interdependence of these parameters became the basis for the formation of team norms and explains their effects on leadership and role behavior. The model-ing team emotional labor has identified as criteria of the effectiveness of the team psychological safety and interpersonal interaction as the basis for improving social and emotional team environment. The ability to obtain high levels of job satisfaction and effective-ness of the result is analyzed as the result of the transition from emotional dissonance to the consonance that supported individual emotional experience, and role expectations, the probability of a correction which increases as the formation of team psychological safety and interpersonal interaction. It is shown that the management of emotions at the command level contributes to the achieve-ment of job satisfaction and the results that are important to each individual, team and organization.