Individual Characteristics Of Respondents Research Articles

A Composite Indicator of Polyvictimisation Through the Lens of the Ecological Model in Sub-Saharan Africa

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a worldwide issue. One of the latest developments in its theoretical framework deals with the concept of polyvictimisation – the simultaneous occurrence of physical, emotional, and sexual abuse. However, the literature lacks an overall measure of violence for surveys. The aim of this research is to study IPV within the framework of the ecological model. A model-based composite indicator that takes into account the relationship between domestic abuse and individual characteristics of respondents, family dynamics, and community and societal traits is built using survey data. The data are from the Demographic and Health Survey collected in eleven African countries on women aged 15–49. The employed structural equation model shows the importance of individual characteristics while community and societal factors are less relevant. The composite indicator is also used for classification and ranking purposes, allowing areas where socio-educational interventions are more urgent to be identified.

TYPOLOGY OF THE POPULATION IN RELATION TO THE VALUE OF HUMAN LIFE: HEALTH-SAVING ASPECT

Behavioral risk factors continue to play a significant role in the health of the population, and individual perception of risk and the value of human life are important markers of social security. The study of the value of life through the prism of risky behavior allows us to assess the attitude of the population to risk both their own and others' lives and health, to identify circumstances that allow this. The use of empirical sociology methods makes it possible to take into account the individual characteristics of respondents (values, attitudes, motives, practices), which is extremely important for explaining and controlling risks. The purpose of this article was to identify the types of population in relation to the value of human life (their own and others') and to determine the characteristics of their health-saving behavior based on the data of a representative sociological survey. The information base was the results of the next stage of sociological monitoring of the physical health of the Vologda Oblast population, conducted in 2022 (N=1500). The methods of sociological survey (questionnaire), factorial, cluster and descriptive analysis were used in the study. In the course of the work, three clusters of the population in relation to the value of human life were identified: "humanists", "defenders" and "materialists with a low value of life and health". The differences of clusters in socio-demographic characteristics and parameters of health–saving behavior - practices and motives of health care, barriers of longevity are revealed. The data obtained on the types of the population in relation to the value of life can serve as a basis for the development of specialized measures for the prevention of behavioral health risk factors, and monitoring of the identified categories of the population will allow tracking changes in their health-saving behavior, which is especially important in conditions of instability and external shocks

Rural-urban differences in health care unaffordability.

To compare health care unaffordability in rural versus urban contexts while also examining the impact of sociodemographic/socioeconomic variables on this relationship. We examined survey responses from the 2019-2021 National Health Interview Survey (n = 90,761). We conducted chi-squared tests comparing urban and rural subsamples and multivariable logistic regression analyses examining the associations between rurality and 3 measures of health care unaffordability while also including interactions between rurality and individual characteristics of respondents. In bivariate analyses, compared to their urban counterparts, rural residents were more likely to report problems paying medical bills (15.0%vs 11.5%, P <.001) and being unable to pay medical bills (9.3%vs 7.1%, P < .001). In fully adjusted multivariable regression analyses, rural residents were significantly less likely than their urban counterparts to report being worried about paying medical bills (AOR: .915, CI: .871-.961, P < .001). We found significant interactions between rural residency and insurance type, age, income to poverty ratio, and race/ethnicity for the outcome of problems paying medical bills; and significant interactions between rural residency and income to poverty ratio and race and ethnicity for the outcome of being unable to pay medical bills. Rural residents report higher rates of 2 measures of health care unaffordability as compared to their urban counterparts. In multivariable logistic models, rural residency is not associated with higher rates of health care unaffordability; however, significant interactions exist between rural residency and individual variables demonstrating the heterogenous experiences of health care unaffordability based on these intersectional identities.

Analysis of Farmers' Characteristics under the Attitude of Online Purchase of Agricultural Inputs—An Empirical Study Based on 312 Households in Shandong and Anhui Provinces

Online shopping for items needed for agricultural production has become a new agricultural business model, and the development of this model has been influenced by the attitude of rural households towards online shopping. Little literature has studied deeply and systematically rural households' attitudes towards shopping online of agricultural means of production. This paper analyzes rural households' attitudes towards shopping online of agricultural means of production and the influencing factors. This paper analyzes rural households' attitudes towards shopping online of agricultural means of production and causes of formation based on the investigation data of 312 It probes into individual characteristics of respondents, the household It probes into individual characteristics of respondents, the household business characteristics, knowledge of shopping online and the relationship between the cognition of way of shopping online of agricultural means of production and attitude towards shopping online of agricultural means of production. This study finds that some rural households have accepted shopping online of agricultural means of production. However, majority of rural households don't have shopping online willingness. The gender, education level, household planting scale, shopping online knowledge and way of cognition of the gender, education level, household planting scale, shopping online knowledge and way of cognition of respondents have a significant impact on rural households' willingness of shopping online of agricultural means of production. with people who don't want to shop online, people willing to shop online are those that are mainly men, with a higher educational level, a larger household planting scale, a lower cost larger household plant scale, a lower cost per unit area of the annual agricultural purchase, more communication of shopping online experience with their children and a better understanding of shopping.

Modeling the Relationship between Proxy Measures of Respondent Burden and Survey Response Rates in a Household Panel Survey.

Respondent burden has important implications for survey outcomes, including response rates and attrition in panel surveys. Despite this, respondent burden remains an understudied topic in the field of survey methodology, with few researchers systematically measuring objective and subjective burden factors in surveys used to produce official statistics. This research was designed to assess the impact of proxy measures of respondent burden, drawing on both objective (survey length and frequency), and subjective (effort, saliency, and sensitivity) burden measures on response rates over time in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Exploratory Factor Analysis confirmed the burden proxy measures were interrelated and formed five distinct factors. Regression tree models further indicated that both objective and subjective proxy burden factors were predictive of future CPS response rates. Additionally, respondent characteristics, including employment and marital status, interacted with these burden factors to further help predict response rates over time. We discuss the implications of these findings, including the importance of measuring both objective and subjective burden factors in production surveys. Our findings support a growing body of research suggesting that subjective burden and individual respondent characteristics should be incorporated into conceptual definitions of respondent burden and have implications for adaptive design.

Multiple factors shape the interaction of people with urban greenspace: Sweden as a case study

This study identifies and analyses multiple factors that impact people’s interactions with urban greenspace in Sweden. An unrestricted, self-selected online survey was used to collect the data. The survey questions were related to individual characteristics of respondents, including socio-demographic characteristics, self-reported nature connectedness, and self-reported constraints to greenspace usage; perceived characteristics of urban greenspace, including its availability, quality, and accessibility, and benefits and problems; and preferences of respondents regarding types of urban greenspace and activities. Additionally, several spatially explicit variables were included in the analysis. A total of 2806 respondents from 208 (of 290) municipalities completed the survey. Our findings indicate that greenspace users are highly heterogeneous and utilise diverse green spaces along the urban-peri-urban gradient for various benefits. The statistical analyses identified 61 explanatory variables that affect the frequency of interactions with urban greenspace. In addition, we identify key factors that shape critical differences between frequent and infrequent urban users, such as nature connectedness, perceptions of urban greenspace functions, and their perceived accessibility. Our results highlight the complex challenge facing urban planners and managers of green spaces, who have to consider and integrate a vast array of factors influencing the willingness of increasingly diverse urban populations to interact with greenspace.

Identification of the Factors Affecting the Frequency of Online Shopping of Millennial and Post-Millennial consumers

Objective – The paper focuses on the identification and specification of the Y and Z Generation online consumer behaviour and analysis of factors affecting the frequency of online shopping for young Slovak consumers. The aim of this paper is to identify the factors affecting the frequency of online shopping among Millennials and Post-Millennials consumers. Methodology – The primary data collection was done by the self-administrated questionnaire and involved 758 respondents from the Slovak republic. The method of ordinal logistic regression was applied with the focus on the 45 factors influencing the frequency of online shopping were examined within two models. Findings – The results of the research on the online shopping consumer attributes revealed 13 statistically significant factors affecting the frequency of online shopping. Novelty - The attention is focused on the impact of individual characteristics of respondents, their online consumer attributes, their attitudes towards online shopping, financial risk perception, the impact and perception of promotion on their purchasing decisions, perception of the importance of guaranteeing risk-free online shopping, product range offer, and individual characteristics of an e-shop. Type of Paper: Empirical JEL Classification: M31, M39.

Adaptation of mixed-gender unit members to working environment

Adaptation is a process of changing a person in accordance with characteristics and requirements of the social environment. It can be social, psychological and physiological. The adaptation of members of the mixed-gender military units (officers, non-commissioned officers and professional soldiers) to all specifics of military organization (manner and organization of work, restrictions, psychological and physical strains, etc.) is certainly a specific process, especially in relation to other organizations. Accordingly, the objective of the research was to determine the extent to which members of mixed-gender units are adapted to working conditions in military organization and what kind of a relationship between individual characteristics of respondents (sex, age and years of service) and their evaluation of adaptability to working conditions in military organization is. The sample included 453 members of mixed-gender units of the Serbian Armed Forces. The research has used descriptive research method, using a sixteen-indicator (item) Likert-type scale for assessing the adaptability to working conditions in military organization. The reliability of the Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient scale was 0.882. The obtained results have wider implications because they indicate the adaptation of a person to the work environment, which in some aspects is similar to the military environment.

Factors Affecting the Frequency of Online Shopping of Millennials and Post-Millennials

The paper focuses on the identification and specification of the Y and Z Generation online consumer behaviour and analysis of factors affecting the frequency of online shopping young Slovak consumers. The aim of this paper is to identify the factors affecting the frequency of online shopping of Millennials and Post-Millennials consumers. Within this issue, the attention is focused on the impact of individual characteristics of respondents, their online consumer attributes; their attitudes towards online shopping; financial risk perception; the impact and perception of promotion on their purchasing decisions; perception of the importance of guaranteeing risk-free online shopping; product range offer; and individual characteristics of an e-shops. The results of the research of general consumer attributes revealed statistically significant intergenerational and intergeneric differences. Keywords: Millennials, Post-Millennials, frequency of online shopping, e-commerce

Behavior of Online Prosumers in Organic Product Market as Determinant of Sustainable Consumption

The article focuses on the specificity of the behavior of modern prosumers in the market for organic products as a determinant of sustainable consumption. The strengthening of the pro-consumer relationship is made possible thanks to ongoing technological changes, especially the development of the Internet. It is thanks to our online activities and the opinions of other Internet users that pro-consumer decisions concerning online purchases are shaped. The article presents the results of empirical studies conducted in 2020 on a sample of 664 respondents using a questionnaire, while the survey results were developed using SPSS Statistics. Findings of research showed the willingness of consumers for prosumption and kind of behaviors that were most often among the research group. In the course of research proceedings, it was possible to define factors that dispose declarative prosumers for the purchase of organic products. Conducted analyses also allowed for building the model of the influence of individual characteristics of respondents on the index of prosumption.

Hotel managers’ perceptions towards the use of robots: a mixed-methods approach

Adopting a supply-side perspective, the paper analyses Bulgarian hotel managers’ perceptions of service robots using a convergent mixed methods design. Structured quantitative data were collected from 79 managers using a questionnaire, while interviews were used for the collection of qualitative data from 20 managers. The findings indicate respondents feel that repetitive, dirty, dull, and dangerous tasks in hotels would be more appropriate for robots, while hotel managers would rather use employees for tasks that require social skills and emotional intelligence. The individual characteristics of respondents and the organisational characteristics of the hotels they currently worked in played little role in their perceptions of service robots. The managers considered that robots would decrease the quality of the service and were generally not ready to use robots. Additionally, the interviewees indicated that skilled and well-trained employees were more valuable and more adequate than robots for the hospitality and tourism industry. Theoretical and managerial implications are provided as well.

Testing a Psychological Model of Political Trust

The article examined the predictors of political trust and distrust in the context of a new democracy. Latvia regained its independence from the Soviet Union 25 years ago, and its political culture differs from traditional Western democracies by high voter volatility, low ideological constraint, and low political trust. The study tested how perceived characteristics of politicians, political parties and institutions, perception of socio-economic factors, and individual characteristics of respondents predicted the reported political trust in political parties and specific politicians. The results show that different considerations used when people think about trust in political parties vs. politicians. When political parties evaluated, the perceived benevolence predicted trust in the political party. When politicians evaluated, the strongest predictor was the perceived integrity. The findings illustrate the complex nature of political trust, showing that the predictors of reported political trust can change depending on the specific political context.

Expanding the Analytical Capacities of the Labour Force Survey

The article formulates a number of recommendations on the areas of expanding the analytical capacities of the National Labor Force Survey with consideration to the European statistics and the needs of the current phase of labor reforms in Ukraine. The first area is about implementing the recommendations of the International Labor Organization No 198 “On Labor Relations” and the updated International Classification of Status in Employment (ICSE-18), which are becoming critically important in view of the announced reform in labor law and liberalization of labor relations. As the Labor Force Survey is the only regular source of information collected from people about their actual status on the labor market, it is supposed to lay the basis for the statistical observation of the processes and implications of the labor relations reform. The program of the National Labor Force Survey has already included the major part of questions providing for the criteria for identifying the status in employment and determining the types of labor relations, but their formulations have to be adapted to the updated labor law. The second area concerns with the deeper processing of the survey results. It is high time to implement seasonal adjustment for the indicators of employment and unemployment. Once the experimental development of Eurostat on the statistics of labor market flows is used, it will enable for analysis and forecasting of the status transitions (employment – unemployment – inactivity) considering the individual characteristics of respondents. The labor life expectancy, estimating one’s potential lifelong participation in the labor market, should be computed for analysis of the comprehensive impact of social and demographic change and interactions of life cycles. The third area concerns with a more sensitive approach to vulnerable groups on the labor market. Due to the demographic change like reduction of the generations in working age and ageing of the population, all the potential reserves of the labor force need to be involved. A large part of them is associated with the groups that are regarded as vulnerable or the ones distanced from the labor market, which need additional measures for activation and support. To this end, it is recommended to extend the program of the National Labor Force Survey by including analytical aspects supposed to provide information about labor market participation and employment characteristics of persons with disabilities and older employees (55–64 years), about opportunities for learning lifelong and combining work and family duties. Also, studies of the analytical capacities of the National Labor Force Survey have to cover in-depth module interviews as a supplement to the core program of regular survey.

Solidarity with refugees across Europe. A comparative analysis of public support for helping forced migrants

ABSTRACTThe major influx of refugees to Europe, especially in 2015, has led to immense solidarity, but also hostility among European citizens. In the wake of the so-called ‘refugee crisis’ country differences in the willingness to help displaced people have become a salient issue of European integration. In this paper, we explain country differences in the public support for helping refugees across Europe at a critical time-point – spring 2016 – just after the influx of displaced people had peaked. Theoretically, we base our explanation of country differences on economic threat, inter-group contact, welfare state, and political framing theories. Using data from a Eurobarometer survey across the 28 EU member states, we show that solidarity with refugees varies significantly between countries. Controlling for individual characteristics of respondents and utilizing a multilevel design, we find that solidarity with refugees is highest in countries with an extensive welfare state and a historically high share of immigrants, whereas there is no effect of countries’ economic situation or strength of right-wing parties. On the individual level of respondents, however, we find that people with a more precarious economic background, little institutional trust, and a right-wing political orientation express lower solidarity with refugees.

The compliance of patients under dispensary observation

The treatment compliance is a phenomenon actively studied, due to the proved significant impact on medical care effectiveness. Within the study framework, the treatment compliance in dispensary patients, its relationship with individual characteristics of patients and the effectiveness of dispensary observation were studied. The questionnaire survey in the format of face-to-face standardized interview was carried out. The questionnaire consisted of passport section to record social hygienic characteristics of patients. It also included questions concerning effectiveness of dispensary observation. The special section included the Morisky-Green scale to evaluate treatment compliance. The comparative analysis was implemented concerning the results of questionnaire survey, the data of dispensary observation control cards concerning time of planned visits and also data of outpatient medical records concerning prescriptions of medications. The statistical data processing was performed using software SPSS v. 22. The correlation coefficient was considered as significant at p<0.05. No correlation between individual characteristics of respondents and effectiveness of dispensary observation was established (p>0.05). No correlation between age, marital status, education, employment and treatment compliance according the Morisky-Green scale was established (p>0.05). The correlation coefficients were significant between treatment compliance according the Morisky-Green scale and well-being (r=0.46 p=0.003), fact of hospitalization because of exacerbation of chronic diseases (r=0.71, p<0,001), awareness of planned visit date (r=0.44, p=0,004) and fact of permanent application of medicinal therapy (r=0.62, p<0,001). The partial correlation was established between treatment compliance and planned visit date (r=0.27, p<0,001), fact of permanent application of medicinal therapy (r=0.06, p=0,73). However, partial correlation is absent in case of exclusion of such sign as fact of hospitalization. The negative correlation was established between treatment compliance and time period elapsed after hospitalization (r=-0.69, p<0,001).

Equal access for equal need: Eliciting public preferences for access to health treatment by employment status

The National Health Service in the UK is set up under the principle of “equal access for equal need”, where those with identical medical needs should be given equal priority in receiving health care. However, non-medical needs may also be relevant in health care decision-making. This paper considers how members of the general public value access to a health service given equal medical needs, where some service users have additional non-medical needs. There are three primary research questions. First, are public preferences regarding access to a health care service symmetric and inequality averse? Second, are public preferences asymmetric across different needs groups? And third, which individual characteristics of respondents are predictive of different public preferences in this domain? An online survey of the UK general public was conducted in January 2017 using binary choice questions. The hypothetical scenarios involved allocating extra resources from a social perspective, to reduce the waiting time to access a mental health service for the unemployed, for the employed, or for both groups. Based on a valid sample of 662 respondents, the study found that the three main preference categories were: inequality averse and symmetric, inequality averse and asymmetric in favour of the unemployed, and inequality seeking and asymmetric in favour of the unemployed, with the first group being the largest. Respondents’ current labour market status was found to explain their preferences so that those who were currently job-seeking were more likely to demonstrate preferences that favoured the unemployed, and those who were currently unemployed were less likely to demonstrate asymmetric preferences that favoured the employed. The implications from these findings are that health policies in the UK that support equal access for equal medical need are likely to be received most favourably, yet a non-trivial minority may support policies favouring those with other, non-medical needs.

Analyzing preference heterogeneity for soil amenity improvements using discrete choice experiment

Understanding the soil’s economic value is essential in promoting stakeholder participation for its sustainable use and efficient management. However, its less tangible ecological functions have not been measured by conventional market-based valuation approaches. From the decision-making perspective, indirect-use value provides a robust apparatus for examining soil-use alternative and management options. In this study, we analyzed the value of specific soil ecosystem services as indicated by the stakeholders’ willingness to pay (WTP) for soil amenity improvements. Using a choice experiment in the Philippine town of Norzagaray, Bulacan, we analyzed the motivations and preferences in soil utility and conservation. Our results showed that in general, the respondents have a positive attitude toward spending for soil improvements. Preference heterogeneity was found to be influenced by spatial determinants and by the socio-demographic characteristics of individual respondents. The results revealed that the respondent’s education, income level, and environmental awareness had significant influence on stakeholders’ preference and WTP values. Spatial determinants including environmental risks and proximity to amenities were likewise found to explain preference heterogeneity. Despite methodological limitations, this study improves our understanding of soil’s explicit value, stakeholder perception, and preference variability, which is useful in designing and implementing more sustainable soil-use management and conservation initiatives.

Особенности территории проживания как фактор гражданского участия

Based on statistics and data from a sample survey conducted in 15 provincial cities of Russia, certain types of civic involvement were constructed utilizing the regression analysis method, while also identifying the factors of the former. It was revealed that adhering to a certain type of civic involvement depends on social and economic factors (level of income, “historicity” of the city and its inclusion in the agglomeration zone), as well as the individual characteristics of respondents (degree of readiness to unite with others in order to protect one’s own rights and the evaluation of one’s financial situation); the effects of the identified factors differ depending on the type of civic involvement. Practical application of the proposed analytical procedures can be useful when it comes to understanding how to manage civic activities while taking into account the local specifics.

Individual Preferences for FDI in Developing Countries: Experimental Evidence from China

AbstractForeign direct investment (FDI) into developing countries such as India and China is often met with domestic backlash by the citizens of the host country, and backlash in the form of protests and other disruptive behavior has increased the salience of public opinion in FDI policy. As one of the first survey experiments assessing Chinese citizens’ attitudes toward FDI, this paper adopts a novel conjoint design to evaluate the impact, in the present project, of individual respondent characteristics and specific FDI features on respondents’ preferences. Importantly, we find that low-skilled respondents are not necessarily more likely to support labor-intensive FDI, a result that challenges the conventional wisdom that individuals in developing countries abundantly endowed with labor should be more likely to support low-skilled FDI. Instead, citizens are more concerned about FDI projects’ country of origin and impact on the local job market when forming their preferences.

LINGUISTIC MARKERS OF ANTROPOCENTRISM IN IMAGE DESCRIPTIONS

The paper discusses a type of texts neglected by the Russian linguistics but actively studied in computer and cognitive sciences – image descriptions collected by linguistic experiments. The relevance of the linguistic study of image descriptions for theoretic and applied purposes is argued. The aim of the study was to propose a classification of linguistic anthropocentric markers (including indicators of the subject’s spatial and mental points of view as well as the image object’s anthropomorphism) in animal image descriptions (both domestic and wild, depicted in their natural environment). As a result, a classification is proposed including 20 classes of such markers differentiated by frequency. We discuss the influence of subjective (individual characteristics of respondents) and objective (denotative situation in the photo) factors on anthropocentric markers and the possibility to use the identified parameters for establishing norms of image descriptions and deviations.