Individual Actions Research Articles

Public Trust in the Perspective of the Role of Actors: What, Why, and How to Improve Public Security and Order

The results of this research on efforts to improve public trust are based on the implementation of the functions and roles of the Bhayangkara Trustee of Public Security and Order (Bhabinkamtibmas). Actual, acuity, reliable data, information, and knowledge as answers to the questions What, Why, Where, When, Who, and How (5W1H) improve public trust based on the re-actualization of the role of Bhabinkamtibmas actors using descriptive-qualitative research methods with normative approaches and factual approaches. The results of the study found that public trust is a keyword as well as a key success factor in improving the image of individuals and institutions (organizations) of service providers throughout the world, including at the locus of duty and the role of Bhabinkamtibmas in Makassar City, the capital of South Sulawesi Province of Indonesia. Likewise, public trust is a necessity for realizing good governance, and accountable, acceptable, and happy service recipients. Therefore, public trust is a panacea that is effective when individual actors and public institutions at all levels of government, including Bhabinkamtibmas, expect an image of an organization (institution) capable of performing its functions.

Role of Vitamins in Cardiovascular Health: Know Your Facts - Part 1.

Cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality world-wide, thus it is important to adopt preventive interventions. Observational data demonstrating CV benefits of vitamin supplements, advanced by self-proclaimed experts have resulted in ~50% of Americans reporting the use of multivitamins for health promotion; this practice has led to a multi-billion-dollar business of the multivitamin-industry. However, the data on the extensive use of multivitamins show no consistent benefit for CVD prevention or all-cause mortality, while the use of certain vitamins might prove harmful. Thus, the focus of this two-part review is on the attributes or concerns about specific vitamins on CVD. In Part 1, the CV effects of specific vitamins are discussed, indicating the need for further supportive evidence of potential benefits. Vitamin A preserves CV homeostasis as it participates in many biologic functions, including atherosclerosis. However, supplementation could potentially be harmful. Betacarotene, a pro-vitamin A, conveys pro-oxidant actions that may mitigate any other benefits. Folic acid alone and certain B-vitamins (e.g., B1/B2/B6/B12) may reduce CVD, heart failure, and/or stroke, while niacin might increase mortality. Vitamin C has antioxidant and cardioprotective effects. Vitamin D may confer CV protection, but all the data are not in agreement. Combined vitamin E and C have antiatherogenic effects but clinical evidence is inconsistent. Vitamin K seems neutral. Thus, there are individual vitamin actions with favorable CV impact (certain B-vitamins and vitamins C and D), but other vitamins (β-carotene, niacin) may potentially have deleterious effects, which also holds true for high doses of fat-soluble vitamins (A/D/E/K).

The genre of historical novels about the Great Patriotic War in the Mari literature in the first post-war years

This article analyses the formation and development of the historical novel genre in the national literature in the first post-war period. The object of the study are the works of the Mari writers Nikandr Lekain «On Fire of the Great War» and Veniamin Ivanov «The Windstorm». National patriotic spirit, heroism, the determination of people to fight to the end come to the fore in N. Lekain’s work. The work does not have the main character who unites all the storylines; it presents the multinational face of the Soviet people through the individual actions of people of different generations. In V. Ivanov’s novel, the fate of the individualized personality, his inner experiences, comes to the forefront. The historical and typological method of research made it possible to identify general and specific features in the depiction of dramatic events of the Great Patriotic War in the Mari and Russian literatures. The problem of the formation of this genre in regional literary criticism is being considered for the first time. A comparative study of the literary prose of writers revealed that the expansion and deepening of the problematic and thematic range (the theme of rear everyday life in the countryside, the problem of desertion and betrayal, etc.) of the Mari literature of this period outlined certain shifts in the image of the inner world of the characters. There was a tendency of multifaceted disclosure of socio-historical and ideological factors of the personality formation, psychologically deep explanation of the motives of the heroes’ actions. N. Lekain and V. Ivanov managed to find those life conflicts that made it possible to psychologically accurate portray the dialectics of the human soul in the war, to comprehend the origins of the national-patriotic upsurge, to show the deep processes of their contemporary reality.

Embedded Economic Behavior in Baatar Jujuran of Banjar Tradition in Banjarmasin

This research delves into the economic behavior embedded in the traditional Banjar wedding process of Baatar Jujuran, a distinctive practice in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. While from a classical economics perspective, individual actions are often viewed as rational and instrumental, this study explores how cultural and religious values significantly influence the economic actions of the Banjar people. This research employs a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews with informants selected via purposive sampling. Three informants were chosen, including a community leader, a cultural expert, and a religious figure with expertise in Islamic perspectives on marriage. Result found Baatar Jujuran involves the groom providing a sum of money to the bride's family, with the amount being determined by the bride, reflecting family social status. Through the theory of embeddedness, this research reveals that economic actions, even in a modern society, remain socially embedded in non-economic institutions like culture and religion, demonstrating the pervasive impact of cultural and religious values. The study also examines the Baatar Jujuran tradition from an Islamic perspective, highlighting its compatibility with Islamic teachings and practices. The findings illustrate how cultural and religious values, along with the dynamics of personal relationships, significantly shape economic behaviors in the Banjar community, offering a unique perspective on economic sociology.

Unsuccessful and successful complex problem solvers – A log file analysis of complex problem solving strategies across multiple tasks

Complex problem solving (CPS) is a key competence in educational contexts with strong conceptual links to students' overall intelligence. However, the mechanisms underlying successful CPS are not fully understood. Therefore, this study investigated several factors presumed to be relevant to CPS success using log file data to code each individual student action during six CPS tasks with different characteristics (N = 1276). We coded individual strategy combinations per student for each item for different strategy combinations of vary-one-thing-at-a-time (VOTAT), hold-one-thing-at-a-time (HOTAT), vary-no-thing-at-a-time (NOTAT), and change-all (CA). Results from generalized linear mixed models showed that CPS success was likely to be achieved by using VOTAT. However, there was an increased chance of solving an item when additional strategies, such as NOTAT or NOTAT plus HOTAT were used. This result was moderated by the presence/absence of eigendynamics as an important determinant of item difficulty. Strategy combinations of VOTAT together with other strategies (all including NOTAT) showed higher chances of CPS success when eigendynamics were present. Additionally, higher chances of solving an item when using VOTAT with additional strategies was demonstrated for items without eigendynamics. Overall, our results suggest that flexibility in strategy application is the driving force for successful CPS performance. Implications are discussed in light of the presumed benefit of pedagogically relevant metacognitive skills, such as planning, monitoring and reflecting, for CPS success. Based on our findings, we provide specific recommendations for the development of computer-based learning simulations to train CPS and related competencies, ultimately enhancing students' skills in educational contexts.

Ungdomskriminalitetsnævnet

In 2018, the Danish Parliament passed a political reform addressing serious youth crime. As part of the reform, the Youth Crime Board was established in 2019. The objective of the Youth Crime Board is to prevent youth crime by appointing targeted individual preventive actions for young individuals aged 10-17 who are suspected of (10- to 14-year olds) or who have received a custodial sentence (15- to 17-year olds) for having committed violent offences or other serious offences. The Board consists of a judge, a police employee, and a municipal employee who have the authority to determine if a referred child/adolescent is to be enrolled in a prevention and rehabilitation programme (forbedringsforløb), to impose an immediate reaction (straksreaktion) on the child/adolescent, to decide on a combination of the two or to decide on no action. In this essay, we highlight some of the most important experiences from the first three years with the Youth Crime Board – what works, and what does not – based on the findings from five out of six partial evaluations of the Board conducted by the Ministry of Justice’s Research Division. We also touch upon the legislative changes that recently have been made to the Youth Crime Board as a consequence of these findings.

Climate Change Adaptation in Chandrapur District of Vidarbha Region of Maharashtra, India: An Investigation into Individual and Collective Agricultural Actions

Climate change impacts are global, countries like India are particularly vulnerable due to their large populations and heavy reliance on agriculture. Climate change has substantial economic effects on agriculture, including shifts in productivity, crop patterns, profitability, prices, supply, and trade. Adaptation involves measures to adjust to present or anticipated future conditions, differing from mitigation, which focuses on risk reduction. This study focused on adoption rates and influencing factors for climate change adaptation measures in Maharashtra's Vidarbha region. Data from 120 farmers in Chandrapur district showed that over 50% implemented strategies like crop diversification, land fallowing, well installation, integrated fertilization, and agroforestry. These choices were influenced by local conditions and socioeconomic factors, with a positive connection to climate awareness, land size, weather information access, cropping practices, institutional support, and assets. Notably, awareness, land size, cropping patterns, and institutional support significantly affected farmers' adaptation levels.

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Objective: Determine to what extent environmental education workshops mitigate the environmental problems of the Madre de Dios region - Peru. Theoretical framework: The currents that stand out most in environmental education are: conservationist, naturalistic, systemic, scientific, decisive, humanistic and moral-ethical. Methodology: Applied quantitative approach, quasi-experimental design and explanatory level, the units of analysis were two independent samples (control and experimental group), made up of students from a regular basic secondary institution in the Madre de Dios region, the The technique was observation and the instrument was the checklist. Results and conclusion: The environmental education workshops significantly mitigate the environmental problems of the Madre de Dios region, since the p-value associated with the Mann Whitney U statistic (Sig. Asymptotic) is 0.000; This value is less than 0.05, then at the 1% significance level; The total scores are different in both groups after carrying out the environmental education workshops with the students. Implications of the research: Environmental education in regular basic education contributes to the practice of environmental values, since it seeks through problematic situations to make the relationship between the learning contents and the reality of the context that surrounds the students. These, in turn, build their representations of reality and begin to commit more consciously to their individual and collective actions in the environment in which they live. Originality/value: The article offers results from the application of environmental education workshops to mitigate environmental problems in the Madre de Dios region of Peru.

Routine regulation as a source for managing conflict within alliances: an integrative framework

Abstract Alliance partners must address goal conflicts to improve performance. Structural solutions to conflict emphasize alliance governance mechanisms like contracts, authority, and control structures, overlooking the role of individual actors and thus limiting our understanding of how alliance participants manage conflict. To address this, we introduce the concept of routine regulation and use the Fiat–Tata alliance to illustrate our insights and explore the microfoundations of organizational conflict through a process perspective, focusing on what participants actually do to balance goal conflicts.

ASPECTOS DA CORRUPÇÃO ATIVA E PASSIVA NO ÂMBITO DA ADMINISTRAÇÃO PÚBLICA

Public Administration represents the set of public bodies responsible for carrying out the functions assigned to the Brazilian State, in all its spheres. As a legal entity, it has a series of employees who, depending on the positions held, have the duty to carry out activities on behalf of the Administration and that is why their conduct is mixed. Therefore, it is up to public agents to act according to the principles of the state entity, within legality and morality, in addition to other grounds. Therefore, if a public official commits corruption in the performance of his role, he must answer for his actions not only in the administrative sphere, but also in the civil and criminal spheres. As this is a matter of interest to jurists and jurisdictions, this research is developed around its main objective: to relate the actions of individuals before the Public Administration with the rules of criminal law, mainly with regard to the criminal practice of active and passive corruption. To achieve the objective, the methodology adopted consists of the application of qualitative analysis techniques of the selected bibliography, since, prepared in the form of a literature review, the article presents itself as a course conclusion work whose results obtained include the elaboration of a scientific text based on the most relevant doctrinal opinions and jurisprudence of the National Courts.

Климат Краснодарского края: мнение и ожидания молодежи (часть 2)

The article considers some features of young people’s perception of the Krasnodar Krai climate at different times of the year. During a sociological survey of students of the Kuban State Technological University, it was revealed that the weather conditions in the region as a whole, and directly in one of its cities – Krasnodar – are liked by respondents most in spring, least of all in summer. Factors of perception of long-term weather condi-tions are the duration of residence on the territory of the region and the type of locus of control. Possible behav-ioral strategies of young people were also studied in case of increase in the coming years in the summer sea-son of such regional trends as increase in surface air temperature, increase in climate aridity, reduction in the total number of cloudy and slightly overcast days. It was revealed that in the case of the implementation of this climate scenario, respondents most often intend to limit the time spent outdoors and in the open sun in the summer months, less often – to go to another region. The findings suggest that this approach could also be useful for developing adaptation programs for individual actors to the conditions of expected climate change in Krasnodar Krai.

The role of health literacy in evaluation of health promotion and prevention interventions

Abstract One specific contribution to the workshop is the consideration of the role of health literacy in the evaluation of health promotion and prevention interventions both as an outcome variable and as a determinant of health-related behaviour. Health literacy has a detectable impact on health status and quality of life and is a necessary prerequisite for health-promoting behaviour. Health promotion should therefore address the determinants of health literacy. The causal relationships reported in the literature between the determinants of health literacy and the dimensions of health literacy (finding health information, understanding, evaluating, implementing) and outcomes can be illustrated in impact models. By using them it becomes clear that health literacy programmes should aim to improve situational determinants as well as individual determinants. It also highlights the central importance of the availability of accessible, understandable and trustworthy health information. Health literacy outcomes are only relevant when they lead to health-related decisions and related actions of individuals. Therefore, measuring health literacy is essential, especially at the decision-making level.

In Search of Inner Self:Yunus Emre’s Mysticism and Emerson’s Transcendentalism

How could a person seek freedom of inner self and find the truth? Acording to Ralph Waldo Emerson, this is possible through Self-Reliance. From Emerson’s transcendental perspective, the most important thing for a person is to know himself. On the other hand, approximately six hundred years before Emerson, the Turkish poet Yunus Emre gave a very similar message with the phrase Know Yourself. Emre’s perspective on inner self, truth, and love is closely related to Emerson’s ethical ideas, indicating that both writers lead us towards Neoplatonic theories of knowledge. Emre and Emerson came from contrasting cultural backgrounds and had distinct living and working conditions and learning envi- ronments. Emre hails from the Turkish culture and is a disciple (murid) of a Sufi spiritual teacher (murshid), in contrast Emerson comes from a Unitarian background, but he does not follow a lineage and relies on his individual actions. Despite this, they both have an inclu- sive attitude that encompasses all of humanity. Although there seems to be no references to the Turkish poet Emre in Emerson’s texts, there are a lot of commonalities in their writings in terms of self and inner-self. These philosophers - who lived in different continents, thou- sands of miles away from each other and at different times - listened to the universe with the same ear, with the same heart. Thus, they appear as two poets who aim to help people know themselves and add meaning to their lives, not only in their own society but also in other societies. Therefore, this study focuses on the unseen connection between these literary figures and through comparative analysis; it seeks to shed light on the shared mystical and transcendental themes that connect Emre and Emerson across time and cultural boundaries.

Does public consultation affect policy formulation? Negotiation strategies between the administration and citizens

ABSTRACT While public consultation is a signature process of democratic policy formulation, many governments manoeuvre to refract citizen’s opinions or conduct it perfunctorily. Using the case of a medium of instruction policy in Hong Kong, this article unveils the strategies that the state and citizens employ to put their opinion through to the final policy text, during a public consultation process. Recent literature has identified the mechanisms through which individual actors or organisations contribute to broad policy agenda-setting or policy programme development. However, yet to be investigated is how they – sometimes with conflicting interests – collectively negotiate a policy with the state via public consultations. This paper investigates this very phenomenon, building on previous work conducted in the public policy field, analysing 51 government-generated documents through both thematic content analysis and critical discourse analysis. The paper uncovers four strategies adopted by administrations (non-commitment, case closure, disengagement for irrelevance, and placation) to evade citizens’ equity-oriented demands and stakeholders’ three counter strategies (mobilising other stakeholders into a coalition, reopening the case pointing out a new problem, and appealing by affirming relevance). The state’s discrete refusals and stakeholders’ conjoint reengagement tactics draw our attention to the complexity and subtlety involved in negotiation via public consultations.

The Relationship Between Service Quality and Outpatient Satisfaction at the UPTD Puskesmas Bokat

The service quality to the community depends on the individual actor and the system used. Doctors, nurses, and medical and non-medical support staff who work at Community Health Centers must understand how to serve their customers well, especially patients and patient families, because they are the primary consumers at Community Health Centers. The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between service quality and the level of outpatient satisfaction at UPTD Bokat Health Center. The research design used was the Observational Analytical method with a cross-sectional approach. The data obtained was then analyzed univariately, bivariate, and multivariate. The sample in this study consisted of 187 respondents. The tests used are chi-square and logistic regression analysis. The research results show a relationship between service quality and patient satisfaction seen from the bivariate analysis results with each aspect of service quality. The element of Accuracy of service p-value= = 0.000, the part of Ease of obtaining Information p-value = 0.000, and the element of Convenience p-value= = 0.001. The conclusion is that there is a relationship between service quality and outpatient satisfaction at the Bokat Community Health Center UPTD.

The Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on Anorexia Nervosa: A Narrative Review.

(1) Introduction: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe, debilitating disease with high incidence and high mortality. The methods of treatment used so far are moderately effective. Evidence from neuroimaging studies helps to design modern methods of therapy. One of them is transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a non-invasive brain neuromodulation technique. (2) Methods: The purpose of this narrative review is to bring together all studies investigating the use of tDCS in the treatment of AN and to evaluate its effect and efficiency. Searches were conducted in the Pubmed/Medline, Research Gate, and Cochrane databases. (3) Results: The literature search resulted in five articles. These studies provide preliminary evidence that tDCS has the potential to alter eating behaviour, body weight, and food intake. Additionally, tDCS reduced symptoms of depression. Throughout all trials, stimulation targeted the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Although the number of studies included is limited, attempts were made to elucidate the potential mechanisms underlying tDCS action in individuals with AN. Recommendations for future tDCS research in AN were issued. (4) Conclusions: The included studies have shown that tDCS stimulation of the left DLPFC has a positive effect on AN clinical symptoms and may improve them, as measured by various assessment measures. It is important to conduct more in-depth research on the potential benefits of using tDCS for treating AN. This should entail well-designed studies incorporating advanced neuroimaging techniques, such as fMRI. The aim is to gain a better understanding of how tDCS works in AN.

Privatising public schools via product pipelines: Teach For Australia, policy networks and profit

ABSTRACT Drawing upon a long-term study of venture philanthropy and public schools in Australia, this paper focuses on Teach For Australia (TFA) as a major component of a venture philanthropic network, one that builds critical infrastructures and connections between non-government organisations and the state, creating a product pipeline into public schools. Utilising interviews with staff from Teach For Australia and venture philanthropic organisations, comprehensive and rigorous financial data, reviews, reports and website data, the analysis aims to identify the major philanthropic funders, individual actors and private foundations that leverage Teach For Australia, illustrating how this network develops for-profit pathways into public schools. In pushing a deficit framing of public schools, these networks incur privatisation effects, including flows of money, resources and key decision-making. They compromise the democratic principles upon which public schools are ideally based, in that the most disadvantaged public schools are opened up to ‘entrepreneurial’ and risk-taking corporate behaviour to test out teachers, products and services. By examining streams of revenue, partnerships and networks, we show how the purportedly non-profit Teach For Australia develops for-profit opportunities and business partnerships nested in corporate philanthropy, resulting in a privatisation effect on public schools.

Analysis of social determinants of health and individual factors found in health equity frameworks: Applications to injury research

Introduction: This research evaluated existing health equity frameworks as they relate to social determinants of health (SDOHs) and individual factors that may impact injury outcomes and identify gaps in coverage using the Healthy People (HP) 2030 key domains. Methods: The study used a list of health equity frameworks sourced from previous literature. SDOHs and individual factors from each framework were identified and categorized into the Healthy People 2030 domains. Five injury topic areas were used as examples for how SDOHs and individual factors can be compared to injury topic-specific health disparities to identify health equity frameworks to apply to injury research. Results: The study identified 59 SDOHs and individual factors from the list of 33 health equity frameworks. The number of SDOHs and individual factors identified varied by Healthy People 2030 domain: Neighborhood and Built Environment contained 16 (27.1%) SDOHs and individual actors, Social and Community Context contained 22 (37.3%), Economic Stability contained 10 (16.9%), Healthcare Access and Quality contained 10 (16.9%), and Education Access and Quality contained one (1.7%). Twenty-three (39.0%) SDOHs/individual factors related to traumatic brain injury, thirteen (22.0%) related to motor vehicle crashes and suicide, 11 (18.6%) related to drowning and older adult falls. Eight frameworks (24.2%) covered all HP 2030 key domains and may be applicable to injury topics. Conclusions: Incorporating health equity into research is critical. Health equity frameworks can provide a way to systematically incorporate health equity into research. The findings from this study may be useful to health equity research by providing a resource to injury and other public health fields. Practical Applications: Health equity frameworks are a practical tool to guide injury research, translation, evaluation, and program implementation. The findings from this study can be used to guide the application of health equity frameworks in injury research for specific topic areas.

Everyday youth climate politics and performances of climate citizenship in Aotearoa New Zealand

Young people around the world are creating their own spaces, strategies, and politics for climate action. In this article we explore the everyday informal politics of climate activism by youth from Aotearoa New Zealand's largest city (Auckland). We examine how young people, frustrated by the lack of global and domestic political inertia, are operationalizing their concerns about climate change into actions in their daily lives directed at mitigating their greenhouse gas emissions. Through a relational qualitative approach, we document the contradictory standing of youth, specifically as agentic actors and environmental citizens, who are aware of and seeking climate action through multiple modes of action including protesting, eco-consuming, influencing others, and eco-caring work. Our youth participants reported how their participation in various forms of climate activism helped to reduce their eco-anxiety and made them more hopeful about their collective abilities to address climate change. Our participants highlighted a hopeful view that their small-scale individual actions will collectively add up to large-scale changes at a systemic level. However, they were highly aware of and critical of state and corporate actors attempts to shift responsibility for taking actions to mitigate climate change onto individuals. Rather than situating themselves solely as eco-consumers engaging in eco-friendly purchasing practices, our youth participants narrated their sometimes contradictory climate actions (protesting, buy-cotting or boycotting, changing how they used goods, and services) as acts of resistance against the socio-economic status quo (high-carbon, neoliberal, and capitalist) that could act as trigger points for wider change. In this article we identify the various methods by which young people are participating in daily climate politics and demonstrating their agency, which are evident in their diverse pro-environmental-oriented and climate mitigation actions; all of which is evidence of how youth are seeking to be good climate citizens.

Erosion mitigation with biocementation: a review on applications, challenges, & future perspectives

AbstractSoil erosion is a complex natural process that occurs by either individual or combined actions of wind, hydraulic currents, waves, and rain. This study comprehensively reviews biocementation-based soil stabilisation techniques for developing erosion-resilient landforms through an ecologically conscious strategy. The different pathways for biocementation occurring in nature are discussed with a focused view on the microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) technique. MICP relies on biogenic calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitation via the urea hydrolysis route to bind the soil grains. The kinetics and factors affecting MICP are succinctly discussed to highlight the practical challenges associated with biocementation. This study emphasises the influence of MICP on erosion resistance (aeolian and hydraulic) and geotechnical properties of soils. The critical assessment of the previous studies revealed that aeolian and hydraulic erosion can be effectively controlled with a small to moderate quantity of biogenic CaCO3 (2% to 10% of soil weight). MICP marginally influences the hydraulic conductivity of soils with a substantial improvement in compressive strength, making it desirous over traditional soil cementation agents for erosion control due to the limited intervention to natural groundwater flow. However, the scientific design and findings of the previous laboratory-scale and pilot-scale research are still inconsistent for standardising biocementation techniques to transition towards upscaling. This study presents critical insights to the researchers of the environmental, geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering domains to design their upcoming studies to tackle the challenges required for upscaling biocementation technology.