Indirect Losses Research Articles

The Economic Loss Prediction of Flooding Based on Machine Learning and the Input-Output Model

As climate change becomes increasingly widespread, rapid, and intense, the frequency of heavy rainfall and floods continues to increase. This article establishes a prediction system using feature sets with multiple data dimensions, including meteorological data and socio-economic data. Based on data of historical floods in 31 provinces and municipalities in China from 2006 to 2018, five machine learning methods are compared to predict the direct economic losses. Among them, GBR performs the best with a goodness-of-fit of 90%. Combined with the input-output (IO) model, the indirect economic losses of agriculture to other sectors are calculated, and the total economic losses caused by floods can be predicted effectively by using the GBR-IO model. The model has a strong generalization ability with a minimum requirement of 80 pieces of data. The results of the data show that in China, provinces heavily reliant on agriculture suffered the most with the proportion of direct economic losses to provincial GDP exceeding 1‰. Therefore, some policy implications are provided to assist the government to take timely pre-disaster preventive measures and conduct post-disaster risk management, thereby reducing the economic losses caused by floods.

Estimation of economic loss by carcass weight reduction of Japanese dairy cows due to infection with bovine leukemia virus

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection is endemic in Japanese dairy farms. To promote the participation of farmers in BLV infection control in Japan, it is important to provide estimates of the economic losses caused by this infection. We hypothesized that decreased immune function due to BLV infection would increase visceral abnormalities, in turn reducing carcass weight. We employed mediation analysis to estimate the annual economic loss due to carcass weight reduction caused by BLV infection.Culled Holstein cows from 12 commercial dairy farms in the Nemuro and Kushiro regions of Hokkaido, Japan, were traced. Information on age and the last delivery day were collected. A non-infected culled cow was defined as a cow from which BLV provirus was not detected. A high-proviral-load (H-PVL) cow was defined as a cow whose PVL titer was above 2465 copies/50 ng DNA or 56,765 copies/105 cells. A BLV-infected cow with PVL titer lower than the thresholds was categorized as low-proviral load (L-PVL). Post-mortem examination results for culled cows were collected from a meat inspection center.The hypothesis was tested by three models, using data from 222 culled dairy cows. Model 1, a generalized linear mixed-effects model, selected carcass weight as an outcome variable, BLV status and the potential confounders (lactation stage and age) as explanatory variables, and herd as a random effect. Model 2 additionally included the number of abnormal findings in the post-mortem examination (AFPE) as an explanatory variable. Model 3 applied a Bayesian generalized linear mixed model, which employed a mediator separately modeled for AFPE, to estimate the amount of direct, indirect, and total carcass weight loss with adjustment for known confounding factors.Compared to the mean carcass weight for the non-infected culled cows, the carcass weight for H-PVL culled cows was significantly decreased by 30.4 kg on average. For each increase of one in the number of AFPE, the mean carcass weight was decreased by 8.6 kg. Only the indirect effect of BLV H-PVL status on carcass weight loss through AFPE was significant, accounting for 21.6 % of the total effect on carcass weight reduction. In 2017, 73,650 culled dairy cows were slaughtered in Hokkaido, and the economic loss due to carcass weight loss caused by BLV infection that year was estimated to be US $1,391,649. In summary, unlike L-PVL cows, H-PVL status was associated with carcass weight reduction, which was partially mediated by an increase in the number of visceral abnormalities.

An Assessment of the Economic Impacts of the 2019 African Swine Fever Outbreaks in Vietnam.

The 2019 African swine fever (ASF) outbreaks in Vietnam imposed considerable impacts on the pig sector in Vietnam, resulting in the death or culling of nearly six million pigs, or more than 20% of the country's pig population. In order to assess the magnitude of the outbreak at sector level (both on farm and at value chain level), on livelihoods, and on the broader national economy, a comprehensive impact assessment was conducted using a mixed methods approach that integrated a value chain assessment with the use of quantitative modeling tools at sector and national levels. The results showed that the outbreak caused severe direct and indirect economic losses among farmers, particularly medium- and large-farmers whose livelihoods are largely derived from pig production. The outbreaks also affected other value chain actors due to a halving in the volume of pigs traded. At sector level, the outbreaks posed adverse impacts on the domestic supply and demand for pork, especially in the traditional sector. Meanwhile, the modern sector with higher levels of biosecurity and high technology growth was less likely to be affected and even benefited from the outbreak, which was evidenced by increased supply and income throughout the simulation period in this sector. At national level, different model simulation scenarios showed a sharp reduction in total gross domestic product (GDP) and a substantial loss of jobs. Improvements in the system of ASF compensation scheme are needed, both in terms of its administration, but also in its targeting, with greater emphasis needed on developing improved risk-sharing and funding mechanisms across national and local levels.

Socioeconomic impacts of marine heatwaves: Global issues and opportunities.

Extreme climatic events, including marine heatwaves (MHWs), are altering ecosystems globally, often with profound socioeconomic impacts. We examine how MHWs have affected the provision of ecosystem services and evaluate the socioeconomic consequences for human society. Ecological impacts range from harmful algal blooms and mass mortality events to reconfigurations of entire ecosystems, affecting provisioning, habitat, regulating, and cultural ecosystem services globally. Reported economic costs of individual MHW events exceed US$800 million in direct losses or >US$3.1 billion in indirect losses of ecosystem services for multiple years. However, biological responses to MHWs can also increase human-ocean interactions, providing opportunities for coastal societies. Our study provides a global perspective on the far-reaching impacts of MHWs on human societies and highlights the urgent need to develop robust approaches to mitigation and adaptation.

Leafhopper (Idioscopus spp.) excreted honeydew distracts honey bees (Apis spp.) from visiting mango (Mangifera indica L.) flowers: an indirect loss inflicted by the sucking pests hitherto unaccounted

Honeydew is a sugar-rich sweet substance excreted by the phloem-feeding herbivorous insects like aphids, leafhoppers, mealybugs and scales of the Order Hemiptera. The honeydew is generally deposited on the surface of leaves and other plant parts and serves as a food source to other nectar feeders including honey bees. There is a possibility that the presence of honeydew might distract honey bees from visiting flowers, leading to depriving them of adequate pollination services. In order to establish this hypothesis, field studies were conducted for two consecutive flowering seasons (2017 and 2018) in a mango orchard at Bengaluru, India to assess the effect of honeydew excreted by leafhoppers (Idioscopus spp.), a serious sap-sucking pest of mango (Mangifera indica L.), on honey bee visitation to mango flowers. The number of bees foraging on the inflorescence of mango trees which were allowed to have hopper infestation and subsequent honeydew on foliage was compared with those on trees which were maintained free from leafhoppers incidence and honeydew. The mean number of bees of all three species of Apis foraging on mango flowers on trees maintained free from hopper infestation was significantly higher (4.58/10 panicles/5 min) compared to that on trees with leafhopper infestation and subsequent honeydew deposits on leaves (1.98), which translates to a very considerable 55.53% reduction. Since mango is a cross-pollinated crop, the fruit set is directly proportional to the extent of pollinator activity. This study highlights a different ecological implication of honeydew excreted by a sucking pest of a fruit crop.

Temporal Rhythm Affects the Efficiency of Asian Citrus Psyllid (Diaphorina citri) to Acquire Huanglongbing Pathogen

Huanglongbing, commonly known as citrus greening, is a devastating disease of citrus worldwide. Candidatus liberibacter asiaticus is the putative cause of citrus greening disease in China and is spread through the process of plant grafting and feeding by insect vectors. Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri) is a destructive pest due to insecticide resistance development and the main cause of dissemination of Huanglongbing. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of Huanglongbing present in Guangdong province and the acquisition of the pathogen by D. citri through feeding. Six different city areas of Guangdong province were sampled. The results demonstrated that Yunfu currently has the highest infestation rate of CLas in Guangdong province, followed by Chaozhou, Jiangmen, and Foshan. In comparison, Zhongshan and Maoming have the lowest infestation rates. Results also showed that CLas acquisition was directly proportional to the insect feeding duration. The longer an insect fed on an infested plant, the more CLas it acquired. The acquisition efficiency of the pathogen was higher at night compared to during the daytime. During the time period of 15:00–07:00 D. citri acquires more pathogens than during the period of 07:00–15:00. This study provides a basic understanding of the feeding pattern of D. citri, which aids in devising a management program for effective control of direct and indirect losses caused by D. citri.

Global impact of COVID-19 on animal health and welfare

The COVID-19 pandemic is a global public health emergency that caused high scale morbidity and mortality in humans and billions got affected economically, psychologically and socially due to sudden change in lifestyle. Livestock sector involving millions of poor and marginal farmers was impacted due to movement restriction among humans. Animal health and disease management activities were delayed, halted, or abandoned due to pandemic. The industry slowed down for want of timely raw materials of livestock origin and also acute shortage of labourers due to pandemic. Though there are no estimates of economic loss incurred but indirect measures indicate significant direct and indirect losses to the sector. The animal health and disease data across world and the experience gained so far in handling pre-, post-, and during COVID-19 pandemic will provide essential inputs for preparedness to face future challenges.

Larvicidal Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Azadirachta indica Leaf Extract Against Oryctes rhinoceros (L.) Beetle

The coconut rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros (L), has been one of the major pests of coconut in India and other coconut producing countries causing direct or indirect losses to the crop. It can be controlled by eliminating the places where they breed and by manually destroying adult and immature (larvae). Botanical insecticides are relatively safer, degradable and are readily available source of biopesticides. Biosynthesis of pesticides from plant extracts is most promising approach for pest control. The present investigation aims to find out the possibility of eco-friendly management of the pest Oryctes rhinoceros by incorporating with silver nanoparticle synthesized from neem plant extracts. The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized by using aqueous extracts of Azadirachta indica. Formation of silver nanoparticles was observed by colour change of the solution, UV, FT-IR and SEM analysis. The Larvae is treated against different concentrations of plant extract and silver nanoparticles solution. 100% larval mortality was observed in higher concentration of silver nanoparticle solution. This result concluded that both silver Nanoparticles and leaf extract have larvicidal properties but Silver nanoparticles are more efficient and it serves as an alternative to synthetic insecticides for controlling harmful pest larvae. Hence the synthesized silver nanoparticles from the A.indica can be used as potential biolarvicidal agent against Oryctes rhinoceros.

Indirect costs attributed to headache: A nation-wide survey of an active working population.

The economic burden of headache in European countries is substantial, mostly related to indirect work-productivity loss costs, yet data for Portugal is scarce. An anonymous web-based survey of headache was distributed to a convenience sample of Portuguese companies' workforces, to assess last-year headache and "yesterday"-point prevalence. Preexisting headaches were classified into migraine and non-migraine headache and work impact (absenteeism and presenteeism) was evaluated in relation to point prevalence. If no significant selection biases were detected, projected work-loss costs for the whole country were to be calculated. Eleven (17%) of 65 invited companies participated, around 15,000 active workers were exposed to the survey and 3624 (24.3%) responded, 73% females, 84.3% with previous ("last-year") headaches, 53% with migraine. Due to participation and gender bias, national cost-projections were not calculated. Workday point-prevalence was 21% (migraine) and 9% (non-migraine headache), resulting in 14 employees with migraine losing, on average, 4 h and 32 min of work time. Presenteeism occurred in 29% of migraine and 15% of NMH employees. Yearly cost of each employee with a headache disorder was €664.88. Headache has a significant economic burden, as measured by work loss costs, in Portugal. Company-based interventions should aim to support employees' access to headache diagnosis and treatment, including non-pharmacological coping strategies, in order to reduce headache related economic costs.

Estimating the economic impact of natural hazards on shared accommodation in coastal tourism destinations

The increasing number of natural hazards in coastal tourism destinations has negatively affected their local lodging industries. The recent boom in shared accommodation in coastal destinations is also under threat due to increasing sea levels and extreme weather events. Thus, estimating the economic impact of natural hazards on shared accommodation is a critical prerequisite for effective tourism destination crisis management. This study aimed to estimate the economic impact of natural hazards on shared accommodation. To achieve this purpose, HAZards U.S. MultiHazard (HAZUS-MH) hurricane/flood models were employed in a case study of Hurricane Irma and 822 Airbnb properties in Collier County, Florida, for 2017. The estimated direct combined losses from wind gusts and storm surge flooding were $22, 683, 054, and the indirect losses to rental income were as high as $19,120 per day. This estimation method can help individual owners and local government managers predict problems related to natural hazards and more effectively prepare for future hazardous events in coastal tourism destinations. • This study estimated the economic impact of Hurricane Irma on shared accommodation. • HAZUS-MH hurricane and flood models were employed. • The estimated direct losses of Airbnb properties were $22, 683, 054 • The estimated indirect losses of Airbnb properties were up to $19,120 per day. • Findings are helpful to prepare for future hazardous events in coastal tourism destinations.

EU cross-border carbon tax: risks for Russian metallurgy

Subject of the analysis is the EU initiative of introducing the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism, developed within the framework of the «European Green Deal» adopted in 2019, and its possible impact on the Russian iron & steel industry. Special attention is paid to the assessment of the risks of the Russian iron & steel industry in the event of the introduction of a Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism, including issues of competitiveness and export niche in the EU market. Forecasts of direct financial losses of exporters in the form of reduction or disappearance of export margins, as well as possible indirect losses in the event of export termination are given. The impact on this perspective of the dynamics of the price per unit of reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in the European carbon market is tracked and a forecast of their possible increase in the near future is given. A comparative analysis of the sensitivity of products of the first and second processing stages in the ferrous metallurgy to cross-border carbon taxation in Russia and its leading competitors in the EU market, including certain technological barriers for reducing greenhouse gas emissions at Russian metallurgical enterprises, is carried out. Forecasts of the possible effect of a Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism in the form of the European steel market resharing are evaluated.

Observation of ambient NO3 radicals by LP-DOAS at a rural site in North China Plain

NO3 radicals can clean the atmospheric primary contaminants during the night. However, it can also effect the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and nitrate, which may worsen air quality. We report field observations of NO3 radicals with a home-made long path differential optical absorption spectroscopy (LP-DOAS) at a rural site in the polluted North China Plain in the summer of 2014. The detection limit (1σ) of NO3 with 3.4 km optical path was 3.4 ppt. The observed mean NO3 mixing ratios were 21 ppt with the maximum value of 104 ppt. The average calculated production rates and steady state lifetime of NO3 were 952 ppt/h and 103 s, respectively. The increase of both PM2.5 (>60 μg/m3) and RH (>60%) would result in an increase of the loss of NO3. The proportion of indirect losses rise with the increase of RH (>50%). The fitting kNO3 ranged from 0.0018 to 0.012 s−1 while γN2O5 was 0.0012 to 0.072. The ratios of direct loss ranged from 20.95% to 90.36% with an average of 56.81% during the campaign.

A Study on the Role of Expectations and Perceived Organizational Support practices in Repatriate Turnover

MNCs are increasingly sending expatriates to their foreign subsidiaries in order to acquire best resources, and to cater to unexplored markets. This requires the executives to develop their global competencies. Once the expatriate has developed skills, far enough to sustain in the overseas, it becomes a challenge to settle him/her back in the home country when the expatriate assignment is over. Research evidences show that, there is a high percentage of repatriate turnover i.e the repatriate leaving the parent organization, upon return from the foreign assignment, resulting in both direct and indirect losses to the parent company. The purpose of this paper is to look into the reasons for repatriation turnover. The proposed model links repatriate turnover intentions to key causing factors such as repatriate expectation upon return and repatriate perception of organizational support practices. Data was gathered from 115 repatriates working in the major oil and gas industry, which included both government and private sector companies. The results of the study conclusively established that unmet expectations of expatriate were a significant cause for turnover intention of repatriate, while ineffective repatriation practices of company was not.

Review on Epidemiology, Control and Public Health Importance of Bovine Fasciolosis

Fascioliasis is a trematode zoonotic snail-borne disease of public health and economic importance. Fasciolosis is a parasitic disease that affects most population of cattle and it exists in almost all parts of the world. It is caused by commonly known species of liver fluke that are Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica, which mainly affects domestic ruminants. Fasciolosis is more apparent in young cattle and is usually chronic in nature. Adult flukes in the bile ducts cause inflammation, biliary obstruction, distraction of liver tissue and anemia. Fasciolosis is the major burden for Animal production and by direct or indirect economic losses at different part of our country. Diagnosis of fasciolosis is based primarily on clinical signs and seasonal occurrence in endemic areas but previous history of fasciolosis on the farm or identification of snail habitats; postmortem examinations, hematological tests and examination of faeces for fluke eggs are useful. The life cycle of Fasciola spp. is a typical of digenetic treamatodes. Eggs laid by the adult parasite in the bile ducts of their hosts pass into the duodenum with the bile. The life cycle of Fasciola goes through the intermediate host and several developmental stages in the intermediate host. On a herd basis, clinical signs of fluke infection are usually vague (i.e., reduced productivity) and can be difficult to differentiate from the effects of less-thanoptimal management or other chronic disease conditions. Transmission of fasciolosis infection is depending on the presence of “lymnea snail”, host and final host. Among many parasitic problems of farm animals, fasciolosis is a major disease which imposes economic impact on livestock production particularly of cattle and sheep and it has public health importance as it have zoonotic value.

​Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Indian Agriculture: A Review

More than 10 million laborer have been displaced from their usual workplaces during the suddenly announced lockdown by the government of India in 2020 in order to prevent and control the spread of one of the deadliest diseases of our times namely; COVID 19, popularly known as Sars Corona Virus in March - June 2020; as per the official figures provided by the GOI. There has not been a single sector that remained unaffected from the devastating impacts of COVID-19, not even agriculture. The impact of lockdown on agriculture is hard to measure as it involves a complex relationship between multiple direct and indirect factors like labour availability, lack of supply of raw materials from the agro-industrial sector etc. The lockdown period created severe economic implications (negative) for farmers (small, marginal and large), landless laborer and all the other agricultural stakeholders who had to face new challenges for earning their livelihood. The direct loss to the agriculture sector was estimated to multi-corers by various government officials while the indirect losses may be many folds of the direct loss. The marginal income of laborers in the agriculture sector was believed to be coming close to zero due to lockdown conditions. In addition to this, smart investments, improved technologies and standardized model frameworks must be designed for the agriculture sector to combat the COVID 19 impact. The current analytical review is focused on all the major factors associated with the agriculture sector that have been highly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, ranging from production, storage to procurement and selling. The lockdown has choked off almost all economic activities. In urban areas, COVID-19 forced widespread loss of jobs and incomes for informal workers. Estimated by the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy, unemployment shot up from 8.4% in mid-March to 23% in the first week of April 2020 further soaring to 30.9% by the end of April, 2020. We have also looked into the possible strategies that can be taken into consideration by the government as well as those associated with the agricultural-food sector. This pandemic has emerged several new challenges to the agricultural sector but has given us time to think and strategize things for better management in future. Suggestions have also been made to adopt alternate approaches and work in this newly created world with the ability of better resource handling.

Can We Hedge an Investment Against A Potential Unexpected Environmental Disaster?

The purpose of this paper is to examine whether there is a possible hedging technique against a potential unexpected hazard, that can secure the capital invested by individuals or corporations. More specifically, the traditional hedging techniques are presented and illustrating whether they can be applicable against unexpected environmental disasters. Moreover, the evolution of hedging techniques regarding the catastrophe disasters are presented in the papers. After illustrating hazard-prone areas with the use of mapping visualization, techniques or catastrophe risk management and risk minimizations are proposed in an attempt to reduce the direct and indirect losses after a disastrous events while at the same time increase the trustworthiness of corporations and governments.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s41885-021-00085-4.

An Integrated Framework for Risk‐Based Analysis of Economic Impacts of Drought and Water Scarcity in England and Wales

AbstractDrought and water scarcity pose a risk to the economy, particularly sectors where water is a crucial input to the production process. This paper describes integrated simulations of water shortages from a dynamic national water resource systems model with a static economic input‐output (I‐O) model to assess total drought risk to the economy. To quantify the economic risks of drought and water scarcity, the analysis: (a) integrates a large ensemble of simulated meteorological droughts, propagated through a national hydrological model and water resource systems model to simulate water availability from reservoirs and groundwater; (b) assesses implications of restrictions on water availability for multiple water user categories, representing natural and human contributions to water scarcity; (c) investigates how water shortages propagate into economy‐wide direct and indirect impacts. The study focuses on England and Wales where the water supply system is considered under strain, with growing recognition of the economic risk of prolonged and widespread shortages. The direct Expected Annual Loss (EAL) to water users, averaged over an ensemble equivalent to 2800 years of synthetic daily weather, is estimated to be £11.7 million in the 2011 base‐year. Accounting for indirect economic losses results in a total EAL of £30.2 million in 2011. The most severe event simulated results in a total loss of £1.4 billion in 2011, equivalent to 0.11% of GVA. The analysis provides a framework to assess what the economically efficient level of system reliability should be, and for deciding upon appropriate water management regulations and strategic investments.

Euglycemic Ketoacidosis as a Complication of SGLT2 Inhibitor Therapy.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are drugs designed to lower plasma glucose concentration by inhibiting Na+-glucose-coupled transport in the proximal tubule. Clinical trials demonstrate these drugs have favorable effects on cardiovascular outcomes to include slowing the progression of CKD. Although most patients tolerate these drugs, a potential complication is development of ketoacidosis, often with a normal or only a minimally elevated plasma glucose concentration. Inhibition of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 in the proximal tubule alters kidney ATP turnover so that filtered ketoacids are preferentially excreted as Na+ or K+ salts, leading to indirect loss of bicarbonate from the body and systemic acidosis under conditions of increased ketogenesis. Risk factors include reductions in insulin dose, increased insulin demand, metabolic stress, low carbohydrate intake, women, and latent autoimmune diabetes of adulthood. The lack of hyperglycemia and nonspecific symptoms of ketoacidosis can lead to delays in diagnosis. Treatment strategies and various precautions are discussed that can decrease the likelihood of this complication.

공익사업시행지구 밖의 어업손실보상에 관한 연구 『공익사업을 위한 토지 등의 취득 및 보상에 관한 법률 시행규칙』 제63조의 해석을 중심으로

The regulation on 'the Compensation for Fishery outside Zones where Public Works are Performed' not only can cause arbitrary interpretation and judgment of its contents, but also contains considerable problems, such as irrationally stipulating the contents of the regulation itself. In order to solve these problems, the significance and legal basis (II), requirements (III), methods, procedures and contents (IV) of indirect loss compensation in fishery were reviewed sequentially. First, 'the Compensation for Fishery outside Zones where Public Works are Performed' can be defined as "Where the performance of public works causes damage to fishery in the vicinity of the relevant zone where public works are performed, Compensation for such damages". Such compensation is based on Article 23(3) of the Constitution, Article 79(2) of the Land Compensation Act, and Article 63 of the Enforcement Rules of the Land Compensation Act. Second, regarding the 'compensation requirements', it is contemplated that 'performance' should include 'operation', 'degree of damage' does not need to be considered in the requirements, and it is necessary to revise the regulations 'after the date of an announcement of approval of a project', and 'date of completion of construction of the project' needs to be interpreted as 'the date of occurrence of damage' or 'the date of completion of operation of the project'. In particular, 'verification of the actual damage' should be viewed as a matter of 'compensation content' rather than 'compensation requirements'. Third, with respect to the 'compensation method', it has a characteristic that it is carried out ex post 'when damage has occurred' or 'when the actual damage can be verified'. Regarding the 'compensation procedure', a 'Adjudication' is required. Regarding the 'compensation content', 'actual damage' is compensated to the extent that it does not exceed 'cancellation compensation'.

ЕSTIMATION OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC BURDEN OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE FOR A 5-YEAR PERIOD: A REGIONAL ASPECT

The aim of the study was to estimate the economic damage by COPD, including direct medical and non-medical costs and indirect costs associated with premature deaths of working-age individuals.Materials and methods. First, estimation of the economic COPD burden in Astrakhan region (AR) was carried out using the clinical and economic analysis of the "cost of illness" (COI). Direct medical costs of inpatient, outpatient, ambulance and emergency medical care, as well as direct non-medical costs associated with the disability benefits payments, were taken into account. Indirect costs were defined as economic losses from undelivered products due to premature deaths of working-age individuals.Results. From 2015 to 2019, the economic COPD burden in AR amounted to 757.11 million rubles in total, which is equivalent to 0.03% of the gross regional product covering a five-year period of the study. Direct medical and non-medical costs totaled 178.02 million rubles. In the structure of direct medical expenses, expenses for inpatient, as well as ambulance and emergency medical care during the study period, increased by 92.5% and 45.5%, respectively. While the costs for the outpatient care decreased by 31.9%, the increase in direct non-medical costs associated with the disability benefits payments, increased by 5.1% (2019). Indirect losses amounted to 579.09 million rubles.Conclusion. The structure of the main damage is dominated by indirect losses in the economy associated with premature deaths of working-age individuals. In the structure of direct medical costs, inpatient care costs prevailed. These studies indicate the need to continue an advanced analysis of the economic burden of COPD, as well as to optimize the treatment and prevention of the exacerbations development of this disease.