Indirect Imaging Research Articles

Small-Angle Light Scattering Instrument with Wide Scattering Vector and Wide Dynamic Ranges

A small-angle light scattering (SALS) instrument with wide scattering vector and wide dynamic ranges has been developed. The instrument covers ca. 3 digits in scattering vector and ca. 5 digits in dynamic ranges. The wide scattering vector range was achieved by combining a very small beam stopper based on a new concept and a method of indirect imaging of a wide screen. The wide dynamic range was achieved by using an apodizing filter specially designed for the present SALS instrument. We also developed a rationale and a simple correction method to quantify the data over such wide scattering vectors and wide dynamic ranges. Finally, two measured examples demonstrating the validity of the performance of the instrument are presented.

Implementation of a Large-Area Diffractive Lens Using Multiple Sub-Aperture Diffractive Lenses and Computational Reconstruction

Direct imaging systems that create an image of an object directly on the sensor in a single step are prone to many constraints, as a perfect image is required to be recorded within this step. In designing high resolution direct imaging systems with a diffractive lens, the outermost zone width either reaches the lithography limit or the diffraction limit itself, imposing challenges in fabrication. However, if the imaging mode is switched to an indirect one consisting of multiple steps to complete imaging, then different possibilities open. One such method is the widely used indirect imaging method with Golay configuration telescopes. In this study, a Golay-like configuration has been adapted to realize a large-area diffractive lens with three sub-aperture diffractive lenses. The sub-aperture diffractive lenses are not required to collect light and focus them to a single point as in a direct imaging system, but to focus independently on different points within the sensor area. This approach of a Large-Area Diffractive lens with Integrated Sub-Apertures (LADISA) relaxes the fabrication constraints and allows the sub-aperture diffractive elements to have a larger outermost zone width and a smaller area. The diffractive sub-apertures were manufactured using photolithography. The fabricated diffractive element was implemented in indirect imaging mode using non-linear reconstruction and the Lucy–Richardson–Rosen algorithm with synthesized point spread functions. The computational optical experiments revealed improved optical and computational imaging resolutions compared to previous studies.

Growth of nonpolar a-plane AlGaN epilayer on Al-composition graded-AlGaN buffer layer and characterization of its surface morphology and crystalline quality

Metal-organic chemical vapor deposition was successfully used to grow un-doped nonpolar a-plane AlGaN on an r-plane sapphire substrate. High-resolution x-ray (HR-XRD), atomic force microscopy, Polarization Indirect Microscopic Imaging, and Hall effect measurement were used to investigate the effect of the nonpolar a-plane AlGaN layer on the graded AlGaN buffer layer. The results reveal that inserting the AlGaN-graded layer improves the crystalline quality and morphology of the surface. The root means the square value was less than 1.47 nm, while the background electron concentration was In addition, the HR-XRD full width at half maximum indicates improved crystalline quality.

Tuning Axial Resolution Independent of Lateral Resolution in a Computational Imaging System Using Bessel Speckles.

Speckle patterns are formed by random interferences of mutually coherent beams. While speckles are often considered as unwanted noise in many areas, they also formed the foundation for the development of numerous speckle-based imaging, holography, and sensing technologies. In the recent years, artificial speckle patterns have been generated with spatially incoherent sources using static and dynamic optical modulators for advanced imaging applications. In this report, a basic study has been carried out with Bessel distribution as the fundamental building block of the speckle pattern (i.e., speckle patterns formed by randomly interfering Bessel beams). In general, Bessel beams have a long focal depth, which in this scenario is counteracted by the increase in randomness enabling tunability of the axial resolution. As a direct imaging method could not be applied when there is more than one Bessel beam, an indirect computational imaging framework has been applied to study the imaging characteristics. This computational imaging process consists of three steps. In the first step, the point spread function (PSF) is calculated, which is the speckle pattern formed by the random interferences of Bessel beams. In the next step, the intensity distribution for an object is obtained by a convolution between the PSF and object function. The object information is reconstructed by processing the PSF and the object intensity distribution using non-linear reconstruction. In the computational imaging framework, the lateral resolution remained a constant, while the axial resolution improved when the randomness in the system was increased. Three-dimensional computational imaging with statistical averaging for different cases of randomness has been synthetically demonstrated for two test objects located at two different distances. The presented study will lead to a new generation of incoherent imaging technologies.

A novel methodological study for monitoring proton beam spot using back-streaming secondary neutrons from the high-power target

The power of the proton beam of a high-power spallation neutron source generally ranges from 100 kW to several MW. The distribution of the power density of the beam on the target is critical for the stable operation of the high-power spallation target. This study proposes a beam monitoring method that involves restoring the image of a high-power proton beam spot on a target based on the principle of pinhole imaging by using the back-streaming of secondary neutrons from the spallation target. Fast and indirect imaging of the beam spot can be achieved at a distance of tens of meters from the target. The proposed method of beam monitoring can flexibly adjust the size of the pinhole and the measurement distance to control the intensity of flux of the secondary neutrons according to the demands of the detection system, which is far from the high-radiation target area. The results of simulations showed that the proposed method can be used to restore the beam spot of the incident proton by using the point response function and images of the secondary neutrons. Based on the target and the Back-n beamline in the CSNS, the effectiveness of this method has also been confirmed by means of Monte Carlo simulation.

A new indirect magnetic resonance imaging finding in anterior cruciate ligament injuries: Medial and lateral meniscus posterior base angle.

Objectives This study aimed to define the medial meniscus posterior base angle (MMPBA) and the lateral meniscus posterior base angle (LMPBA) measured in the medial and lateral meniscus posterior horns and examine the biomechanical and morphological relationship between anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries and posterior meniscus horns using these parameters.Patients and methods The retrospective study was conducted with 32 patients with ACL rupture and 40 control patients, for a total of 72 patients (40 males, 32 females; mean age: 36.3±9.9 years; range, 18 to 57 years), between January 2016 and January 2018. The posterior tibial slope (PTS) was measured in standard radiographs, and MMPBA and LMPBA values were assessed by standard knee magnetic resonance imaging. The MMPBA was defined as the angle between the line passing through the medial meniscus’ tibial side border and the line passing through the capsular side border in the sagittal section's medial meniscus posterior horn. The LMPBA was defined as the angle between the line passing through the lateral meniscus' tibial side border and the line passing through the capsular side border on the sagittal section's lateral meniscus posterior horn. Groups were compared for PTS, MMPBA, and LMPBA.Results When both groups were compared in terms of MMPBA and LMPBA, patients with ACL rupture had significantly higher base angles (p<0.001 and p=0.031, respectively). The mean MMPBA was 84.27º±12.59º (range, 62º to 106.1º) in patients with ACL rupture, while it was 70.75º±7.85º (range, 55.1º to 88.6º) in the control group. The mean LMPBA was 83.62º±11.4º (range, 62.3º to 105.9º) in patients with ACL rupture, while it was 76.94º±11.46º (range, 30.8º to 96.5º) in the control group. In the receiver operating characteristics curve analysis, the cut-off value of MMPBA was 84.5, and values above this showed a 58.5% sensitivity and a 97.6% specificity for ACL rupture, whereas for LMPBA, the cut-off value was 93.15, and values above this showed a 27.3% sensitivity and a 95.1% specificity for ACL rupture. The PTS and MMPBA were significantly correlated with each other (p=0.047). The MMPBA and LMPBA were also significantly correlated with each other (p=0.011). However, there was no significant correlation between PTS and LMPBA (p=0.56).Conclusion Medial meniscus posterior base angle and LMPBA values above 84.5º and 93.15º, respectively, are new indirect magnetic resonance imaging findings of ACL injury.

First Hard X-Ray Imaging Results by Solar Orbiter STIX

The Spectrometer/Telescope for Imaging X-rays (STIX) is one of six remote sensing instruments on-board Solar Orbiter. The telescope applies an indirect imaging technique that uses the measurement of 30 visibilities, i.e., angular Fourier components of the solar flare X-ray source. Hence, the imaging problem for STIX consists of the Fourier inversion of the data measured by the instrument. In this work, we show that the visibility amplitude and phase calibration of 24 out of 30 STIX sub-collimators has reached a satisfactory level for scientific data exploitation and that a set of imaging methods is able to provide the first hard X-ray images of solar flares from Solar Orbiter. Four visibility-based image reconstruction methods and one count-based are applied to calibrated STIX observations of six events with GOES class between C4 and M4 that occurred in May 2021. The resulting reconstructions are compared to those provided by an optimization algorithm used for fitting the amplitudes of STIX visibilities. We show that the five imaging methods produce results morphologically consistent with the ones provided by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on board the Solar Dynamic Observatory (SDO/AIA) in UV wavelengths. The chi ^{2} values and the parameters of the reconstructed sources are comparable between methods, thus confirming their robustness.

Combined Score of Perivascular Space Dilatation and White Matter Hyperintensities in Patients with Normal Cognition, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Dementia.

Background and Objectives: Cerebral perivascular spaces (PVS) are part of the cerebral microvascular structure and play a role in lymphatic drainage and the removal of waste products from the brain. White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are hyperintense lesions on magnetic resonance imaging that are associated with cognitive impairment, dementia, and cerebral vascular disease. WMH and PVS are direct and indirect imaging biomarkers of cerebral microvascular integrity and health. In our research, we evaluated WMH and PVS enlargement in patients with normal cognition (NC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia (D). Materials and Methods: In total, 57 participants were included in the study and divided into groups based on neurological evaluation and Montreal Cognitive Assessment results (NC group 16 participants, MCI group 29 participants, D group 12 participants). All participants underwent 3T magnetic resonance imaging. PVS were evaluated in the basal ganglia, centrum semiovale, and midbrain. WMHs were evaluated based on the Fazekas scale and the division between deep white matter (DWM) and periventricular white matter (PVWM). The combined score based on PVS and WMH was evaluated and correlated with the results of the MoCA. Results: We found statistically significant differences between groups on several measures. Centrum semiovale PVS dilatation was more severe in MCI and dementia group and statistically significant differences were found between D-MCI and D-NC pairs. PVWM was more severe in patients with MCI and dementia group, and statistically significant differences were found between D-MCI and D-NC pairs. Furthermore, we found statistically significant differences between the groups by analyzing the combined score of PVS dilatation and WMH. We did not find statistically significant differences between the groups in PVS dilation of the basal ganglia and midbrain and DWM hyperintensities. Conclusions: PVS assessment could become one of neuroimaging biomarkers for patients with cognitive decline. Furthermore, the combined score of WMH and PVS dilatation could facilitate diagnostics of cognitive impairment, but more research is needed with a larger cohort to determine the use of PVS dilatation and the combined score.

P1404: HDAC6 REGULATES HUMAN ERYTHROID DIFFERENTIATION THROUGH MODULATION OF JAK2 SIGNALING

Background: Histone desacetylases (HDAC), through regulation of their acetylation level, modify the physico-chemical properties of proteins and modulate their activity, stability, localization and affinity for partners. Among them, HDAC6 is unusual in its cytoplasmic localization. Its inhibition leads to hyperacetylation of non-histone proteins, inhibiting cell cycle, proliferation and apoptosis. Ricolinostat (ACY-1215) is a selective inhibitor of HDAC6 (HDAC6i) that has been shown to be of value in treating multiple myeloma or lymphoma but was associated with secondary off target effects Among those, anemia is one of the most frequent, arguing for a particular importance of HDAC6 during erythropoiesis. So far, HDAC6 function during human erythropoiesis remains unknown. Aims: We present here an extensive study of HDAC6 expression and function during human erythropoiesis. Methods: We used two cell models: CD34+ progenitor cells obtained from apheresis from healthy donor, driven into in vitro erythroid diffenretiation and the leukemic cell line UT7/EPO. HDAC6 inhibition was obtained chemically using ACY-1215 and using an shRNA-based knockdown. Results: We quantified HDAC6 expression during erythroid differentiation and observed a progressive increase in HDAC6 RNA expression raising from Day 11 to D18. Using indirect immunofluorescence and flow imaging, we observed that HDAC6 expression was mainly cytoplasmic arguing for non-histone cytoplasmic targets. We then cultured CD34+-cells into in vitro erythroid differentiation in the presence of ACY-1215. We observed that 0.5µM ACY-1215 gave the best result in terms of HDAC6 inhibition, leading to an increased acetylated α-tubulin without affecting histone H3 acetylation level. ACY-1215 exposure on CD34+-cells driven in vitro towards the erythroid lineage led to a decreased cell count, an increased apoptotic rate and a delayed erythroid differentiation with accumulation of weakly hemoglobinized immature erythroblasts. shRNA-mediated HDAC6 knockdown in the erythroleukemic cell line UT7/EPO also decreased GPA expression at cell surface. In primary cells, the delay in erythroid differentiation was accompanied by drastic changes in the transcriptomic profile of primary cells as shown by RNAseq. We observed 1920 differentially expressed genes including 1134 upregulated and 786 downregulated. Rank-based GSEA analysis showed a (i) significant enrichment of downregulated genes related to bone marrow erythroblast associated with a downregulation of genes involved in heme metabolism, (ii) a significant enrichment of downregulated GATA1 targets and (iii) an enrichment of downregulated genes related to cell cycle. In UT7/EPO and in primary cells, HDAC6i decreased JAK2 phosphorylation in response to EPO as well as STAT5 activation, as assessed using immunoblot and phosphoflow. Using acetylome, we identified 14-3-3ζ, known to interact directly with the JAK2 negative regulator LNK, as a potential HDAC6 target in erythroid cells. We confirmed that 14-3-3ζ was hyperacetylated after ACY-1215 exposure. We analyzed LNK/14-3-3ζ and LNK/JAK2 direct interactions using co-immunoprecipitation assays. ACY-1215 decreased the 14-3-3ζ/LNK interaction while increasing LNK/JAK2 interactions. Summary/Conclusion: Here, we show that LNK availability to interact with JAK2 in erythroid cells is regulated by HDAC6-dependent 14-3-3ζ acetylation level. Thus, we identified here a new mechanism of HDAC6-dependent control of human erythropoiesis through 14-3-3ζ acetylation level, LNK availability and JAK2 activation in response to EPO.

Nonlinear Reconstruction of Images from Patterns Generated by Deterministic or Random Optical Masks-Concepts and Review of Research.

Indirect-imaging methods involve at least two steps, namely optical recording and computational reconstruction. The optical-recording process uses an optical modulator that transforms the light from the object into a typical intensity distribution. This distribution is numerically processed to reconstruct the object’s image corresponding to different spatial and spectral dimensions. There have been numerous optical-modulation functions and reconstruction methods developed in the past few years for different applications. In most cases, a compatible pair of the optical-modulation function and reconstruction method gives optimal performance. A new reconstruction method, termed nonlinear reconstruction (NLR), was developed in 2017 to reconstruct the object image in the case of optical-scattering modulators. Over the years, it has been revealed that the NLR can reconstruct an object’s image modulated by an axicons, bifocal lenses and even exotic spiral diffractive elements, which generate deterministic optical fields. Apparently, NLR seems to be a universal reconstruction method for indirect imaging. In this review, the performance of NLR isinvestigated for many deterministic and stochastic optical fields. Simulation and experimental results for different cases are presented and discussed.

Indirect SPECT Imaging Evaluation for Possible Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery Using a Compound with Poor Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability in Mice.

Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging using intravenous radioactive ligand administration to indirectly evaluate the time-dependent effect of intranasal drugs with poor blood-brain barrier permeability on brain drug distributions in mice was evaluated. The biodistribution was examined using domperidone, a dopamine D2 receptor ligand, as the model drug, with intranasal administration at 0, 15, or 30 min before intravenous [123I]IBZM administration. In the striatum, [123I]IBZM accumulation was significantly lower after intranasal (IN) domperidone administration than in controls 15 min after intravenous [125I]IBZM administration. [123I]IBZM SPECT was acquired with intravenous (IV) or IN domperidone administration 15 min before [123I]IBZM, and time–activity curves were obtained. In the striatum, [123I]IBZM accumulation was clearly lower in the IN group than in the control and IV groups. Time–activity curves showed no significant difference between the control and IV groups in the striatum, and values were significantly lowest during the first 10 min in the IN group. In the IN group, binding potential and % of receptor occupancy were significantly lower and higher, respectively, compared to the control and IV groups. Thus, brain-migrated domperidone inhibited D2R binding of [123I]IBZM. SPECT imaging is suitable for research to indirectly explore nose-to-brain drug delivery and locus-specific biological distribution.

Brown adipose tissue thermogenesis among a small sample of reindeer herders from sub-Arctic Finland

IntroductionInterest in human physiological responses to cold stress have seen a resurgence in recent years with a focus on brown adipose tissue (BAT), a mitochondria dense fat specialized for heat production. However, a majority of the work examining BAT has been conducted among temperate climate populations.MethodsTo expand our understanding of BAT thermogenesis in a cold climate population, we measured, using indirect calorimetry and thermal imaging, metabolic rate and body surface temperatures of BAT-positive and BAT-negative regions at room temperature, and mild cold exposure of resting participants from a small sample of reindeer herders (N = 22, 6 females) from sub-Arctic Finland.ResultsWe found that most herders experienced a significant mean 8.7% increase in metabolic rates, preferentially metabolized fatty acids, and maintained relatively warmer body surface temperatures at the supraclavicular region (known BAT location) compared to the sternum, which has no associated BAT. These results indicate that the herders in this sample exhibit active BAT thermogenesis in response to mild cold exposure.ConclusionsThis study adds to the rapidly growing body of work looking at the physiological and thermoregulatory significance of BAT and the important role it may play among cold stressed populations.

An open source toolkit for repurposing Illumina sequencing systems as versatile fluidics and imaging platforms

Fluorescence microscopy is a key method in the life sciences. State of the art -omics methods combine fluorescence microscopy with complex protocols to visualize tens to thousands of features in each of millions of pixels across samples. These -omics methods require precise control of temperature, reagent application, and image acquisition parameters during iterative chemistry and imaging cycles conducted over the course of days or weeks. Automated execution of such methods enables robust and reproducible data generation. However, few commercial solutions exist for temperature controlled, fluidics coupled fluorescence imaging, and implementation of bespoke instrumentation requires specialized engineering expertise. Here we present PySeq2500, an open source Python code base and flow cell design that converts the Illumina HiSeq 2500 instrument, comprising an epifluorescence microscope with integrated fluidics, into an open platform for programmable applications without need for specialized engineering or software development expertise. Customizable PySeq2500 protocols enable experimental designs involving simultaneous 4-channel image acquisition, temperature control, reagent exchange, stable positioning, and sample integrity over extended experiments. To demonstrate accessible automation of complex, multi-day workflows, we use the PySeq2500 system for unattended execution of iterative indirect immunofluorescence imaging (4i). Our automated 4i method uses off-the-shelf antibodies over multiple cycles of staining, imaging, and antibody elution to build highly multiplexed maps of cell types and pathological features in mouse and postmortem human spinal cord sections. Given the widespread availability of HiSeq 2500 platforms and the simplicity of the modifications required to repurpose these systems, PySeq2500 enables non-specialists to develop and implement state of the art fluidics coupled imaging methods in a widely available benchtop system.

Neutron imaging with an inertial electrostatic confinement fusion neutron source.

A compact inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) fusion neutron source was developed. Imaging tests using the cylindrical IEC neutron source were conducted with the indirect imaging plate (IP) method using dysprosium foil and an imaging plate. An array of B4C powder contained in a stainless-steel blade and Cd pins was successfully imaged. To calculate thermal neutron flux of the device, we tested multiple types of IP and IP scanners with the indirect IP method to create a calibration curve, and it was confirmed that dental IP scanners, which are more widely used than industrial ones, can be applied to the indirect IP method.

Characterization of the neurogenic niche in the aging dentate gyrus using iterative immunofluorescence imaging.

Advancing age causes reduced hippocampal neurogenesis, associated with age-related cognitive decline. The spatial relationship of age-induced alterations in neural stem cells (NSCs) and surrounding cells within the hippocampal niche remains poorly understood due to limitations of antibody-based cellular phenotyping. We established iterative indirect immunofluorescence imaging (4i) in tissue sections, allowing for simultaneous detection of 18 proteins to characterize NSCs and surrounding cells in 2-, 6-, and 12-month-old mice. We show that reorganization of the dentate gyrus (DG) niche already occurs in middle-aged mice, paralleling the decline in neurogenesis. 4i-based tissue analysis of the DG identifies changes in cell-type contributions to the blood-brain barrier and microenvironments surrounding NSCs to play a pivotal role to preserve neurogenic permissiveness. The data provided represent a resource to characterize the principles causing alterations of stem cell-associated plasticity within the aging DG and provide a blueprint to analyze somatic stem cell niches across lifespan in complex tissues.

Gold-viral particle identification by deep learning in wide-field photon scattering parametric images.

The ability to identify virus particles is important for research and clinical applications. Because of the optical diffraction limit, conventional optical microscopes are generally not suitable for virus particle detection, and higher resolution instruments such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are required. In this paper, we propose a new method for identifying virus particles based on polarization parametric indirect microscopic imaging (PIMI) and deep learning techniques. By introducing an abrupt change of refractivity at the virus particle using antibody-conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), the strength of the photon scattering signal can be magnified. After acquiring the PIMI images, a deep learning method was applied to identify discriminating features and classify the virus particles, using electron microscopy (EM) images as the ground truth. Experimental results confirm that gold-virus particles can be identified in PIMI images with a high level of confidence.

Indirect and atypical imaging signals of endometriosis: A wide range of manifestations.

Whilst some imaging signs of endometriosis are common and widely accepted as 'typical', a range of 'subtle' signs could be present in imaging studies, presenting an opportunity to the radiologist and the surgeon to aid the diagnosis and facilitate preoperative surgical planning. To summarise and analyse the current information related to indirect and atypical signs of endometriosis by ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Through the use of PubMed and Google scholar, we conducted a comprehensive review of available articles related to the diagnosis of indirect signs in transvaginal US and MRI. All abstracts were assessed and the studies were finally selected by two authors. Transvaginal US is a real time dynamic exploration, that can reach a sensitivity of 79-94% and specificity of 94%. It allows evaluation of normal sliding between structures in different compartments, searching for adhesions or fibrosis. MRI is an excellent tool that can reach a sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 77% and allows visualisation of the uterus, bowel loop deviation and peritoneal inclusion cysts. It also allows the categorisation and classification of ovarian cysts, rectovaginal and vesicovaginal septum obliteration, and small bowel endometriotic implants. The use of an adequate mapping protocol with systematic evaluation and the reporting of direct and indirect signs of endometriosis is crucial for detailed and safe surgical planning.

Sparse-View Neutron CT Reconstruction Using a Modified Weighted Total Difference Minimization Method

Indirect neutron imaging is an effective method for nondestructive testing of spent nuclear fuel elements. Considering the difficulty of obtaining experimental data in a high-radiation environment and the characteristic of high noise of neutron images, it is difficult to use the traditional FBP algorithm to recover the complete information of the sample based on the limited projection data. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the sparse-view CT reconstruction algorithm for indirect neutron imaging. In order to improve the quality of the reconstruction image, an iterative reconstruction method combining SIRT, MRP, and WTDM regularization is proposed. The reconstruction results obtained by using the proposed method on simulated data and actual neutron projection data are compared with the results of four other algorithms (FBP, SIRT, SIRT-TV, and SIRT-WTDM). The experimental results show that the SIRT-MWTDM algorithm has great advantages in both objective evaluation index and subjective observation in the reconstruction image of simulated data and neutron projection data.

Gradient-Descent-like Ghost Imaging.

Ghost imaging is an indirect optical imaging technique, which retrieves object information by calculating the intensity correlation between reference and bucket signals. However, in existing correlation functions, a high number of measurements is required to acquire a satisfied performance, and the increase in measurement number only leads to limited improvement in image quality. Here, inspired by the gradient descent idea that is widely used in artificial intelligence, we propose a gradient-descent-like ghost imaging method to recursively move towards the optimal solution of the preset objective function, which can efficiently reconstruct high-quality images. The feasibility of this technique has been demonstrated in both numerical simulation and optical experiments, where the image quality is greatly improved within finite steps. Since the correlation function in the iterative formula is replaceable, this technique offers more possibilities for image reconstruction of ghost imaging.

Detection of virus particles by scattering field using the multiperspective polarization modulation imaging method

The polarization parametric indirect microscopic imaging (PIMI) method, which employs a polarization-modulated incidence illumination and fitting the far-field variation of polarization states of scattered photons, is capable of direct identification of subdiffraction-scale structures and substances, such as virus particles. However, in the present strategy, the optical elements that collect the scattered photons are nearly fixed above the sample, making the collected information relatively limited, as the side-scattering photons are not fully utilized. To address this problem, we propose a multiperspective PIMI imaging method to maximize the collection of scattering photons from different spatial directions, which can obtain more information of optical anisotropy among particles. As a proof-of-concept study, virus detection using such a method is performed theoretically and experimentally. Results reveal that the virus particles can be detected and determined more distinctly thanks to the set of PIMI images from different spatial angles, showing notable superiority to the previous scheme, where only a plane PIMI image is derived from a fixed spatial direction. With the capability of acquiring more characteristics of the samples, the proposed multiperspective PIMI method can be applied in many fields, such as morphological characterization and biosensing.