Indirect Economic Impact Research Articles

Identifying and measuring the impact of cultural events on hotels’ performance

PurposeFocusing on two beer festivals held in Nottingham, England, this study aims to evaluate their indirect impact on the performance of city hotels. This study builds on theoretical insights from the revenue management literature to shed empirical light on the potentially beneficial effects of events on the hotels’ performance. This study investigates the impact of the differential support offered by the destination management organisation (DMO) over two years.Design/methodology/approachUsing online prices posted in advance of the events on an online travel agent, the authors assess hotel performance for each day of the events relative to the same day of the week in a week with no event. A similar comparison is made to assess the impact across two different years. In both cases, an ordinary least squares methodology was used.FindingsBoth events appear not to have had a strong impact on hotel prices and occupancy in 2016, i.e. when the DMO’s promotional effort was more proactive. Instead, in 2017, one event registered higher hotel prices and occupancy both relative to the year before and to the “business as usual” week.Practical implicationsThe study identifies the existence of an indirect positive economic impact of the events on the hospitality sector.Originality/valueThe investigation adopts a more naturalistic experimental design to collect the data, which allows the authors to control for both the impact on prices and occupancy at the level of the single hotel. The evidence is therefore micro-founded. Moreover, results shed light on the role played by the DMO.

Modeling the inter-regional economic consequences of sequential typhoon disasters in China

Inter-regional economic development is threatened by high direct economic damage (DED) from multiple natural disaster events. However, estimations of the indirect economic impacts (IEIs) of a single disaster event cannot accurately reflect the superimposed impacts of sequential disasters on the inter-regional social-economic system. Thus, we employed the modified adaptive inter-regional input-output (MAIIO) model to reproduce the superimposed impacts of three typhoons (Utor, Usagi, and Fitow) on the economy under three scenarios. The results showed that the superimposed disturbance of sequential disasters amplified the IEIs of the DED and increased the amplitude of the negative fluctuations of the value added; the spatial ripple effects induced by the superimposed disturbance of multiple typhoon disasters were also different due to the spatial heterogeneity of the economic structure; the dynamic adaptive process of economic system with sequential disasters was that it tried to recover from early inter-regional IEIs after an initial disaster event, and then the occurrence of a new disaster before completion of the initial recovery brought new (amplified) IEIs. This study suggests that the sequential disasters within a short time interval impose a complex superimposed disturbance on the inter-regional economic system, and modelling the economic trajectory with sequential disasters is valuable for designing strategies for the synergistic development of inter-regional economic sustainability and disaster mitigation.

Regional Economic Impacts from Timber Check Dam Construction—A Comparison with Concrete Check Dam Construction, Part II: The Question of Premium Vouchers

The regional economic impacts of the construction of timber and concrete check dams in Akita prefecture, Japan, were compared. When functions are appropriately unified, a concrete check dam is cheaper to build than a timber one; the difference in construction costs can be used by the government to issue premium vouchers as a regional promotion measure. To evaluate the effect of this, we extended the latest input–output table for Akita Prefecture to include timber and concrete check dam construction sectors. Concrete check dam construction with premium-voucher issuance had a total effect of 46,064,000 yen (economic impact ratio: 1.49; increased employment: 4.68 people). It also had an indirect economic impact on the plywood sector, since plywood was used as formwork, and issuing premium vouchers had a ripple effect on many industries in the region. However, timber check-dam construction had a total effect of 57,706,000 yen (economic impact ratio: 1.86; increased employment: 5.11 people) and a larger effect on the timber, logs, and silviculture sectors. Therefore, despite higher initial costs, timber check dam construction has the greater economic and employment impact on a region through its large ripple effects on the forestry and wood industries.

Application of the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) concept to measure the maintenance performance of buildings

Measuring maintenance performance is necessary to ensure that maintenance achieves the required goals and to enhance the preservation of the building, as most government institutions rely on traditional financial measurement methods to measure performance and this is not sufficient, as the social and environmental aspect play a prominent role in improving work performance, preserving the environment and achieving user satisfaction. This study aims to find out the applicability of the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) methodology to measure maintenance performance of government buildings in Iraq. A questionnaire was conducted for professionals in the field of building maintenance. Analysis of the questionnaire that was answered by (75) engineers revealed that the most influential factors in applying the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) methodology; are the quality and age of work and its impact on the environment, income (wages), the raw materials used in the work, user satisfaction, the age and quality of the building, management quality, the financial performance of the company. Also, the indicators that can be applied locally according to the questionnaire are; occupational safety practices, professional development, materials, contribution to the field of unemployment problems, transportation, the indirect economic impact on society, human rights (child labour), product responsibility (user’s safety), suppliers, security aspects, transparency, products, and services. We found that the most important obstacles that hinder performance measurement, are multiple and conflicting priorities and objectives. Three case studies were taken for government building maintenance projects, to obtain more accurate and realistic data for the factors and indicators obtained from the questionnaire, by analysing case studies, we find that the most important factors are; They are the age, build quality, quality, working life and its impact on the environment and financial performance. Also, the indicators that are most applicable to local institutions; are occupational safety practices, human rights (child labour), product liability, professional development, and participation in the field of unemployment, materials, and transportation. Therefore, it can be said that the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) methodology can be applied in measuring the maintenance performance of government buildings in Iraq, thus developing the reality of government building maintenance developed.

Third mission activities at the University of Miskolc

In addition to their teaching and research activities, higher education institutions play an important role in the social development of countries. Their indirect economic impact is unquestionable. The so-called “third mission” summarizes the activities and impacts of higher education institutions on their environment. Beyond the obvious range of training and research services this impact of the higher education institutions is particularly strong, but typically works through indirect and soft means and therefore it is difficult to quantify. The Hungarian network of institutions is potentially suitable for fulfilling its third mission role. Local training, research, economic and regional development connections are given even in the case of institutions with a narrower profile. Community spaces, service (sports, cultural, library, and public collection) infrastructures are available to the local intelligentsia, the institutions act as living knowledge bases, but they often serve as regional centers for cultural and sports activities as well. In my study, I write about the third mission activity of the University of Miskolc.

A Data-Driven Framework to Evaluate the Indirect Economic Impacts of Transportation Infrastructure Disruptions

A Data-Driven Framework to Evaluate the Indirect Economic Impacts of Transportation Infrastructure Disruptions

Spatial patterns of land prices changing around toll gates (Cipali Toll Road case study)

Toll road construction has been carried out and has had an direct and indirect economic impact, which applies to Cipali Toll Road as well. High economic activities, growth of new facilities, and land use changes around this toll road are signs of new economic activities. New economic activity centers have triggered an increase in land prices in the surrounding area. The objective of this study is to determine the land use price changes along the Cipali Toll Road and understand the factors that influence it, namely the economic activity, distance from the toll road gate, land status, and land use. Data were collected by interviewing key informants from formal agencies and the communities as well. Using overlay technic between land price changes and factors that influence it, the result shows that land price changes did not happen in all areas around the toll road in the same way. Changes in land price also vary. The factor that influences land price changes is the distance from the toll road gate. This result was supported by Pearson Product Moment analysis. The conclusion of this study shows that land price changes in areas that have urban characteristics.

ANALISIS DAMPAK EKONOMI KUNJUNGAN WISATA RELIGI KAWASAN SEKUMPUL TERHADAP PENGEMBANGAN EKONOMI LOKAL (STUDI PADA MAKAM GURU SEKUMPUL, MARTAPURA KAB. BANJAR)

This Research was conducted to find out how he economic impact of tourism on the economic development of local communities and how the role of the community towards the existence of religius tourism. The research method used is descriptive qualitative.The results of analiysis in the study can be obtained that the direct, indirect and follow-up economic felt by local communities. Dicert economic impacts include rental shops, clothing stores, dining places and parking. The indirect economic impact include transportation and lodging services. The following impacts include road access and the potensial for the other religious tourism. The role of the community towards the existence of religious tourism is the involvement of the community in terms of regional cleanliness, calm and religious activities carried out long ago. Keywords: Tourism, Direct Economic Impact, Indirect Economic Impacts, Adverse Impacts

The economic impact of cancer-related premature mortality in Brazil: A human capital approach analysis.

7068 Background: One method of calculating indirect costs of cancer is the analysis of productivity loss. Using the human capital approach, we estimate how much cancer-related premature mortality indirectly impacts the economy. Given the diverse causes of cancer death and sociodemographic profiles in Brazil, we estimated lost productivity due to cancer by regions, providing evidence for local decision-makers. Methods: Data of all cancers deaths among working-age people (15-64 years for men and 15-60 for women) occurring in 2016 were extracted from the National Mortality System, by region, sex and age-group. Data on life expectancy, workforce participation, unemployment and wages were extracted from the Brazilian National Institute of Geographics and Statistics. Loss of productivity was calculated as the value of time between death and potential retirement age. Results: In total 536,827 (men) and 407,737 (women) years of potential productive life (YPPLL) were lost in 2016, corresponding to US$ 6,196,682,092 (PPP) for Brazil. The profile of YPPLL by cancer type varied by region. In the affluent South and Southeast regions, the cancers with higher impact in men were lung (12.4% and 9.9% of total YPPLL) and colorectal (9.6% and 10.4% of total YPPLL) while in the less affluent North and Northeast, stomach cancer was responsible for 17% and 12% of YPPLL, respectively. Among women, breast cancer had the highest impact in all regions (21.7%-26.2%), excepting the North, where cervical cancer was responsible for 31.3% of the YPPLL. Nationally, individual YPPLL was higher for testicular cancer in males (31.3 years) and Hodgkin’s disease in females (20.2). In the North and the Northeast, despite lower mortality rates, the economic impact of productivity loss was higher, representing 0.23 and 0.29% of the regional GDP. Conclusions: Our results show the indirect economic impact of premature cancer mortality in Brazil, at a total cost of US$ 6,196,682,092 in 2016, representing 0.2% of the entire country’s GDP. The regional patterns highlight the need for adaption of public policies, typical from a country in transition, with the impact of lifestyle and infection-related cancers simultaneously and differently affecting economically the regions.

The Economic Impact of Tourism on to the Community of Kuakata

Tourism has been seasoned with continuous growth and concentrating ‎diversification over the decades to become one of the fastest-growing economic sectors within the world. Tourism plays a crucial economic movement in most countries around the world, also as the tourism industry has its direct and indirect economic impact. Moreover, tourism features a diversified sort of economic impact on the community. The contribution of tourism to the community for economic well-being depends on the standard and, therefore, the ‎revenues of the tourism offer. The purpose of this paper is to track down the economic impact of tourism on to the community of Kuakata, where one can see the sunrise and sunset from the same spot, the rarest characteristic within the planet only this type of opportunity is available in Japan. The paper is predicated primarily on secondary data sources like-articles, journals, websites of different tourism-related sources. It was being identified after reviewing the literature and acknowledging loopholes that if Kuakata is developed to its full potential, it's going to contribute to the livelihoods and socio-economic development of local communities and Bangladesh.

What is the indirect economic impact of influenza?

Hackensack Meridian Palisades Family Medicine Program, Edgewater, NJ Riverside Medical Group, Secaucus, NJ The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Analisis Dan Evaluasi Perpajakan Pada Pelaksanaan Asian Games Tahun 2018

This purpose of this study is to describe the taxation treatment related to the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA) as the owner of exclusive rights to the Asian Games and its Affiliates, Ticket Taxes, Sponsorship Taxes, Import Duties and Taxes and the obstacles faced in fulfilling tax obligations in the implementation of the 2018 Asian Games. This research method uses descriptive qualitative to describe the tax treatment of OCA and its affiliates, ticket tax, sponsorship tax, Import Duty and Taxes in the 2018 Asian Games regarding Sugiyono's opinion. This research was taken in January 2018 until 31 December 2018 using primary and secondary data. The available data is then processed using qualitative data analysis methods involving 4 respondents who are considered to be able to represent conclusions.
 The results of this study are for the host of the imposition of taxes, duties and levies imposed directly or indirectly by law as a result of organizing the 2018 Asian Games burden in terms of financing, but the authority of the OCA as the holder of exclusive rights to the Asian Games is an exception to the provisions general rules in Indonesia. In addition there is a tax exemption for sales of tickets, tax sponsorship and import duties and taxes during the 2018 Asian Games which is a solution to the limited funds by INASGOC. Even though the Indonesian government lost the potential for tax revenue, during the 2018 Asian Games, the direct and indirect economic impact was valued at 83 Trillion Rupiah (BAPPENAS, 2018). This means that the economic impact of the 2018 Asian Games is more beneficial than the tax compensation given to the OCA or INASGOC.
 Keyword : Tax, Asian Games, Duties, INASGOC.

The Economic Impact of Telecommunications in the Republic of Cameroon

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the economic impact of telecommunications in the Republic of Cameroon. The empirical analysis conducted suggests that the sector generates a significant direct and indirect economic impact, contributing to 3.74% of the country’s 2018 GDP. From a direct effect standpoint, the Cameroon telecommunications carriers generated US$ 970 million in revenues in 2018 which represented 2.51% of the country’s GDP. Beyond the direct effects, the telecommunications industry has indirectly contributed US$ 476 million on average per year to the whole economy since 2012 (1.23% of the 2018 GDP). This contribution is driven by mobile services (voice and data), but does not consider fixed broadband, which has no economic impact, due to the limited number of subscribers. Sectors mostly impacted by telecommunications were found to be business services (33% of the indirect economic impact), trade (22%), and minerals (8%). Given the economic importance of telecommunications, public policies and regulatory frameworks need to be defined to maximize investment in network deployment, particularly in mobile broadband.

The Economic Impact of Telecommunications in the Republic of Guinea

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the economic impact of telecommunications in the Republic of Guinea. The empirical analysis conducted suggests that the sector generates a significant direct and indirect economic impact, contributing to 6.02% of the country’s 2019 GDP. From a direct effect standpoint, the Guinean telecommunications companies have generated in 2019 US$ 581 million in revenues, which represent 5.04% of the country’s GDP. On the other hand, the sector generates approximately 1,413 direct jobs and 1.03% of total salaries in the Guinean workforce. Beyond the direct effects, the telecommunications industry has indirectly contributed US$ 113 million on average per year to the whole economy since 2010 (0.98% of the 2019 GDP). This contribution is driven by mobile services (voice and data), but does not consider fixed broadband, which has no impact, due to the limited number of subscribers. Sectors mostly impacted by telecommunications were found to be business services (43.04% of the indirect economic impact), financial services (15.81%), trade (12.28%), other services (mainly entertainment, 9.42%), the electricity, gas and water sector (9.25%), and manufacturing industries (5.98%). Given the economic importance of telecommunications, public policies and regulatory frameworks need to be defined to maximize investment in network deployment, particularly in mobile broadband.

Flood footprint assessment: a new approach for flood-induced indirect economic impact measurement and post-flood recovery

Flooding in one location can impact the entire production chain of a regional economy. Neglecting the knock-on costs of this risks ignoring the economic benefits and beneficiaries of flood risk management interventions. However, economic consequence assessments in the existing studies are restricted to direct economic impact as there is not a generally accepted quantitative method to assess indirect economic impacts. This paper presents the full methodology for a novel flood footprint accounting framework – the Flood Footprint Model – to assess the indirect economic impact of a flood event and simulate post-flood economic recovery situations throughout productions supply chains. Within the framework of Input-Output (IO) analysis, the model is built upon previous contributions, with improvements regarding the optimization of available production imbalances; the requirements for recovering damaged capital; and an optimized rationing scheme, including basic demand and reconstruction requirements. The Flood Footprint Model will be applied in a hypothetical example with an extensive sensitivity analysis of the Flood Footprint Model performed, taking particular account of alternative labour and capital recovery paths.

Indirect Economic Impact of Chronic Pain on Education Workers: A Company Perspective.

The aim of this study was to estimate indirect cost (IC) related to chronic pain (CP) from an employer's perspective. A cost-of-illness study was performed on active workers and retirees due to CP, between October 2017 and March 2018, in one of the Brazilian public universities. IC was measured as a sum of absenteeism, presenteeism, and disability pensions. The analysis of factors associated with IC was based on Tweedie model. CP had an average IC of R$9258.20 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 6907.37 to 11,950.17], which generates an impact of 6.42 million (95% CI = 4.37 to 10.99) per year, corresponding to 3.42% (95% CI = 2.33 to 5.85) of the payroll. The position (Measure of 2.00, 95% CI = 1.19 to 3.38) and pain intensity (Measure of 1.15; 95% CI = 1.02 to 1.30) presented independent association. CP generates the high levels of IC for the education's employer. There is an urgent need to implement prevention programs aimed at improving CP control in the workplace.

Indirect Economic Impact Incurred by Haze Pollution: An Econometric and Input–Output Joint Model

Econometrics and input–output models have been presented to construct a joint model (i.e., an EC + IO model) in the paper, which is characterized by incorporating the uncertainty of the real economy with the detailed departmental classification structure, as well as adding recovery period variables in the joint model to make the model dynamic. By designing and implementing a static model, it is estimated that the indirect economic loss for the transportation sector caused by representative haze pollution of Beijing in 2013 was 23.7 million yuan. The industrial-related indirect losses due to the direct economic losses incurred by haze pollution reached 102 million yuan. With the constructed dynamic model, the cumulative economic losses for the industrial sectors have been calculated for the recovery periods of different durations. The results show that: (1) the longer the period that an industrial department returns to normal output after haze pollution has impacted, the greater the cumulative economic loss will be; (2) when the recovery period is one year, the cumulative economic loss value computed by the dynamic EC + IO model is much smaller than the loss value obtained by the static EC + IO model; (3) the recovery curves of industrial sectors show that the recovery rate at the early stage is fast, while it is slow afterwards. Therefore, the governance work after the occurrence of haze pollution should be launched as soon as possible. This study provides a theoretical basis for evaluating the indirect economic losses of haze pollution and demonstrates the value of popularization and application.

The economic impacts of blackbird (Icteridae) damage to sunflower in the USA.

Blackbird (Icteridae) damage to ripening sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) has been a persistent economic issue in the USA for the last five decades. To quantify losses, we surveyed blackbird damage from 2001 to 2013 (excluding 2004) to physiologically mature sunflower in eight states: North Dakota, South Dakota, Texas, Nebraska, Minnesota, Colorado, Kansas, and Vermont. We pooled data gathered during the most recent 5 years (2009 to 2013) of the survey and found losses averaged $US2.5 million and $US11.3 million for confectionery and oilseed hybrids, respectively. Three states, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Nebraska, had sufficient acreage and bird damage to warrant economic analyses using a regional economic model. The average annual total (direct plus indirect) economic impact of bird damage to sunflower production for North Dakota, South Dakota, and Nebraska was $US18.7 million, $US7.3 million, and $US2.6 million, respectively. This study provides a better understanding of the broader economic implications of bird damage to sunflower by estimating the macroeconomic impacts of lost sunflower production in the region. Additionally, the findings of this study may be used to inform decisions regarding bird management policy by providing policymakers with information to determine the downstream value of bird management and the possible benefits of improved methods that further mitigate losses. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.

Economic Benefits of Sustainable Construction Avantages économiques de la construction durable

This article discusses the economic benefits of sustained construction; it demonstrates theeconomic value of green construction projects. As a step to depict the contribution ofecological construction to the development and to the growth of economies, this study hasshown the principles of sustained construction and their direct and indirect economicimpacts. It concludes that sustained construction projects affect economic growth throughtwo main advantages; these are: less energy consumption and expenditures, and economicefficiency.

Economic and objective burden of caregiving on informal caregivers of patients with systemic vasculitis.

Systemic vasculitis (SV) is associated with substantial economic impact to patients and the healthcare system but little is known about the burden of SV on informal caregivers. We evaluated the objective caregiving burden experienced by informal caregivers of patients with SV. We surveyed adult patients and their informal caregivers on the physical, emotional, social and economic impacts of SV. We asked patients about the extent to which they felt they were a burden to their identified caregivers. Caregivers reported the direct and indirect economic impact of SV, including employment disturbance, income loss and relative time investment of caregiving for their care recipient's SV. We used the Inventory of Caregiving Activities Questionnaire to compute the objective caregiving burden. We analysed data from 68 SV patient-caregiver dyads. Patients reported moderate levels of subjective burden to their caregivers. Over one-quarter of caregivers reported ever having lost some income owing to caregiving for SV. Caregivers reported spending a median of 19 weekly hours on various caregiving tasks, including a median 17 weekly hours on household activities. Given the extended hours that caregivers spend caring for their care recipient, intervention targets should aim to reduce caregiver burnout in the SV population. Future research should examine the relationship between the objective burden of caregiving for SV and the overall physical health, mental health and quality of life of caregivers.