Indicator Of People Research Articles

The prevalence of cardiometabolic disease in people with psychotic disorders in secure settings – a systematic review

ABSTRACT The aim of this review was to estimate the prevalence of cardiometabolic disease indicators in people with psychotic disorders in secure settings. A PRISMA guided systematic search and appraisal was conducted for studies of metabolic disease indicators in samples of adult male and female inpatients in secure psychiatric hospitals and inmates in custodial centres with diagnoses of psychotic disorders. Seventeen studies were selected for review. An ability to validly summarise and compare prevalence data across studies were limited by the extent of methodological heterogeneity. The weighted pooled prevalence rates were determined to be: metabolic syndrome 23.5% (N = 1,390, 95% CI 21.3, 25.7), diabetes 11.2% (N = 2,582, 95% CI 9.9, 12.4), dyslipidaemia 29.2% (N = 1,135, 95% CI 26.6, 31.9), hypertension 25.0% (N = 857, 95% CI 22.1, 27.9), being overweight or obese 72.4% (N = 840, 95% CI 69.4, 75.5) and cardiovascular disease 15.6% (N = 1,047, 95% CI 13.4, 17.8). The prevalence of CMD indicators in people with psychotic disorders in secure settings were predominantly higher compared to the general population and either similar or lower compared to people with psychotic disorders in the community.

P54 Prediabetes y rigidez arterial: su identificación y posible patogenia

Introducción: antecedentes: en el estadio de prediabetes (PreD) aparecen marcadores de lesión vascular que indican la necesidad de identificación precoz y tratamiento oportuno.Objetivos: evaluar los indicadores de rigidez arterial en personas con PreD y su posible patogenia.Materiales y métodos: la velocidad de la onda del pulso (VOP) se midió en 208 personas con FINDRISC ≥13 (57±8 años, 68,7% mujeres) y tolerancia normal a la glucosa (TGN) o PreD. En cada subgrupo identificamos aquellos sin/con resistencia a la insulina (RI) medida mediante la relación triglicéridos/c-HDL (valores de corte normales previamente establecidos en nuestra población). Se recopilaron datos clínicos y metabólicos de todos los participantes. La VOP se comparó entre subgrupos mediante el test de t para muestras independientes.

A systematically collated library of prescribing safety indicators for people with chronic kidney disease

BackgroundPeople with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have high levels of co-morbidity and polypharmacy placing them at increased risk of prescribing-related harm. Tools for assessing prescribing safety in the general population using prescribing safety indicators (PSIs) have been established. However, people with CKD pose different prescribing challenges to people without kidney disease. Therefore, PSIs designed for use in the general population may not include all PSIs relevant to a CKD population.The aim of this study was to systematically collate a library of PSIs relevant to people with CKD.MethodsA systematic literature search identified papers reporting PSIs. CKD-specific PSIs were extracted and categorised by Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification codes. Duplicate PSIs were removed to create a final list of CKD-specific PSIs.ResultsNine thousand, eight hundred fifty-two papers were identified by the systematic literature search, of which 511 proceeded to full text screening and 196 papers were identified as reporting PSIs. Following categorisation by ATC code and duplicate removal, 841 unique PSIs formed the final set of CKD-specific PSIs. The five ATC drug classes containing the largest proportion of CKD-specific PSIs were: Cardiovascular system (26%); Nervous system (13.4%); Blood and blood forming organs (12.4%); Alimentary and metabolism (12%); and Anti-infectives for systemic use (11.3%).ConclusionCKD-specific PSIs could be used alone or alongside general PSIs to assess the safety and quality of prescribing within a CKD population.

A critical analysis of safety performance indicators in construction

PurposeSafety performance indicators are a major research concern globally in the construction sector, so this study aims to systematically analyse construction safety performance indicators from some top research publications from 2000 to 2019.Design/methodology/approachSystematic review was performed using Scopus search engine and relevant publications were compiled. Visual and far reaching search in all publications were performed. Final analysis was done to evaluate selected attributes.FindingsThe outcome of the analysis showed growing interest in research on construction safety performance indicators since 2000. From the review, 48 safety performance indicators are identified from 41 selected publications. The most reported safety performance indicators were safety climate, safety orientation, management commitment to safety, near-miss and job site audits. It was noted further that USA, Australia, Canada and China have been international locations of attention for most research on construction safety performance indicators. The 48 safety indicators are classified into six categories, namely people indicators, culture indicators, processes indicators, infrastructure indicators, metrics indicators and technology indicatorsPractical implicationsThe findings identified provide researchers and practitioners a summary of the safety indicators in the construction sector through a vision to streamline future applications and increase the safety performance in the construction sector.Originality/valueA safety performance indicators' list has been established for the adoption of future empirical research. The findings will make a significant contribution to current but limited knowledge on safety performance indicators in construction industry.

Association between GP participation in a primary care group and monitoring of biomedical and lifestyle target indicators in people with type 2 diabetes: a cohort study (ELZHA cohort-1)

ObjectiveWhether care group participation by general practitioners improves delivery of diabetes care is unknown. Using ‘monitoring of biomedical and lifestyle target indicators as recommended by professional guidelines’ as an operationalisation...

Self-Management Status in Patients with Diabetes and Disease Control Indicators in Lamerd City, Iran

Background: Diabetes is a global epidemic with serious complication and there is a clear need for paying special attention to self-management as the cornerstone to optimal control of the disease. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the self-management status and its correlation to disease control indicators in people with diabetes. Methods: In a descriptive cross-sectional study, 220 patients were selected from the list of the referred patients available in Lamerd public health network from December 2014 to June 2015. In the first step, data about demographic information and disease control were collected from the patients’ records. In the second step, the self-management status of each patient was assessed by the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire developed by Schmitt et al. To analyze the data, independent sample t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used. Results: The mean age of the male and female participants was 56.43 ± 13.50 and 56.46 ± 10.49 years old, respectively. The mean duration of the disease was 6.67 ± 4.72 years for men and 7.07 ± 5.30 years for women. Twenty-one (25.9%) men and 60 (43.7%) women had a history of smoking. The results of the Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there was an inverse and statistically significant relationship between diabetes self-management status and weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, glucose tolerance test (GTT), LDL, and cholesterol. The results of the t-test did not show significant differences between the level of HbA1C (HbA1C7) and self-management scores of the patients (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Patients with better self-management status were in a better disease control condition with respect to weight, BMI, waist circumference, GTT, LDL, and cholesterol levels. Special attention to the control and management of LDL, cholesterol, HbA1C, BMI, and blood pressure levels is recommended in planning for these patients.

Desarrollo y validación de un instrumento observacional para la evaluación del bienestar en personas con demencia desde la perspectiva de la atención centrada en la persona: Listado de Indicadores de Bienestar

IntroductionWithin the context of Person Centred Care, the present paper shows the creation and validation process of an observational tool for the assessment of the wellbeing of people with dementia, from a perspective that seeks to highlight the effects that the physical and social environment have on the person, and how these are reflected in the well-being. MethodsThe List of Wellbeing Indicators (LIBE) was created following an inductive iterative process with professionals from different disciplines, until the validated version was reached. It was then validated in two successive studies with a sample of 79 people with dementia. Discrimination capacity of the scale indicators, internal consistency, inter-rater reliability, and convergent and divergent validity were determined. ResultsAn internal consistency of Cronbach́s alpha 0.81 was obtained. The inter-rater reliability, analysing intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) within the 3 raters, was significant for all the indicators in the tool, with scores between 0.59-1.00. Convergent validity was studied comparing scores in each LIBE indicator with scores in each QUALID indicator, and some significant associations were found between response categories in both tools. For the discriminant validity, the scores obtained in each LIBE indicator were compared with the scores in each PAINAD-Sp item, and no significant associations were found. ConclusionLIBE offers an observational measure of behaviours that can be considered well-being indicators in people with dementia living in residential care. LIBE is a valid and reliable tool that offers a different perspective of measuring a construct that has been infrequently explored in dementia population. Is also an easy to apply tool, with different uses (clinical, intervention, research), and applicable for professionals of several disciplines.

Environmental Accessibility Assessment for People with Vision, Hearing and Speech Disabilities in Mongolia

Purpose : The main objective of this paper was to assess environmental accessibility for people with vision, hearing and speech disabilities in Mongolia, with particular focus on public buildings and public transportation. Methods : A standardised internationally-used questionnaire, consisting of 29 questions, was used for the accessibility of public buildings assessment. The questionnaire results were grouped into categories and descriptive statistics were obtained. To determine quality and accessibility to public transportation a standardised sheet, consisting of 51 questions from the internationally accepted SERVQUAL, was used. This model is commonly used for measurement of the discrepancies between actual performance and customer expectations. Result : Assessment of public buildings in Mongolia revealed that they were moderately accessible for people with vision, hearing and speech disabilities. The assessment of public transportation found that the discrepancy between actual performance and customer expectation is the highest across all indicators for people with hearing and speech impairments. Conclusion: The research findings indicated a strong need to pay closer attention to the current environmental unfriendliness and inaccessibility faced by people with vision, hearing and speech disabilities.

A health promotion intervention to improve lifestyle choices and health outcomes in people with psychosis: a research programme including the IMPaCT RCT

A health promotion intervention to improve lifestyle choices and health outcomes in people with psychosis: a research programme including the IMPaCT RCT

Motivated viewing: Selective exposure to political images when reasoning is not involved

Motivated reasoning is an important element of politics especially in these highly polarized times. People selectively expose themselves to information in a fashion that makes it possible to embrace arguments consistent with their existing biases and ignore arguments inconsistent with those biases. Often overlooked in the research on motivated reasoning and selective exposure to information, however, is that a substantial portion of politics is about affective responses—that which makes people feel good and that which makes people feel bad. In this paper, we introduce a novel indicator of people's tendency to prolong exposure to favored political images or to truncate exposure to disliked political images. This measure makes it possible to better understand individual differences regarding concepts such as negativity bias and asymmetric political attention even when substantive, issuebased information is not at play.

The Civic Footprints of Labor Market Participation: Longitudinal Evidence from the United States, 2002–2015

While there is a widespread belief that stable employment is important for social integration, stable employment careers have become less common in America’s increasingly complex labor market. Job tenure has dropped, precarious work arrangements have gained prominence, long-term unemployment has spiked, and an increasing share of the jobless are not looking for work. Against this background, we investigate the linkages between labor market experiences and volunteer activities, as an indicator of people’s involvement in civic life. We outline a theory on how transitions between labor market states—within, into, and out of the labor force—bring about changes in civic engagement and test our predictions using panel data from the Current Population Survey 2002–2015. Contrary to what much previous research suggests, we find that people who become unemployed are more likely to start volunteering and no more likely to stop. We additionally show that people who leave the labor force altogether (i.e., not having a job nor looking for one) are more likely to stop volunteering. Conversely, entering the labor force, either by securing or searching for a job, is associated with an increase in volunteer activities. We explore the role of motivation and time resources in accounting for these patterns, finding among other things that moving into or out of the most detached labor market state—outside the labor force without any intention to find work—is most consequential for civic engagement. We discuss the implications of our findings for civic democracy in light of ongoing labor market trends.

Жизнеспособность в подростковом и юношеском возрастах: динамика и детерминанты

The author explores human vitality as an indicator of people’s ability to develop, adapt and maintain stability/balance in challenging life situations. The concept of vitality embraces two aspects: susceptibility to negative circumstances and subsequent successful adaptation or positive outcome. The core factors of human vitality are considered personal traits, social competence, and available external support. The paper reflects the procedure of adapting and testing the psychometric indicators of the questionnaire aimed at assessing the vitality factors. It describes the findings of the study focused on the development of vitality in teenagers and adolescents. It is assumed that vitality differs across age groups at different stages of ontogeny, and personality traits and social relations are either protective or risk factors. It is shown that vitality differs across different age groups of young people, including by gender. The author discusses the personal development of junior schoolchildren with different levels of vitality. The group of viable younger adolescents expresses the “high IQ” factor (V), and “low-vitality” adolescents feel a high level of anxiety (factor O).

Investing in human–animal bonds: What is the psychological return on such investment?

If consumer spending is any indication of people’s devotion to their pets, then it should come as no surprise that pet care has evolved into a multi-billion-dollar industry. Cats and dogs are the most abundant pets in industrialized countries, and it is now commonplace to speak of pets as family members. The increased spending on pets has been attributed to the sheer number of pets owned by people and, perhaps more revealing, the depth and intensity of the emotional bond that some people experience in their relationship with their pet. Guided by relevant literature, this article uses a psychological lens to explore pet-oriented leisure and consumption, what is potentially driving people’s investment in their pets, and what this means for the health and well-being of people and pets. Pets influence people’s sense of self and promote happiness by providing enjoyable leisure experiences. Evidence for the impact of pet-related spending on health is sparse.

COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES: LEVEL OF HUMAN AND INFORMATION DEVELOPMENT

To study the issues of the preservation and development of human society, in order to provide conditions for a decent and creative life of people, knowledge is needed about the methods for calculating the indices of the development of people's potential, their life and development. Indices allow you to evaluate, compare and compare many of the criteria and indicators of people's living standards in the regions of the world. They have already been created. This will reveal the changes that are taking place. In the countries with transitional economies (the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States - CIS), the situation has radically changed over the past 25 years. It is necessary to adjust the direction of further development. The CIS countries should occupy a worthy place in the modern information world. However, it is shown that the CIS countries still occupy not very high positions in the HDI rankings. The purpose of the research is to characterize the positions of the CIS countries in the international rating tables on the Human Development Index (HDI) and the indices of the society's information in dynamics over a number of years. Results and practical importance: It is necessary to adjust the direction of further development. The CIS countries should occupy a worthy place in the modern information world.

Major telerenthengogram indicators in people with various growth types offacial area

Major telerenthengogram indicators in people with various growth types offacial area

Attitudes toward evaluation: An exploratory study of students’ and stakeholders’ social representations

Positive attitudes toward evaluation among stakeholders are an important precondition for successful evaluation processes. However, empirical studies focusing on stakeholders’ attitudes toward evaluation are scarce. The present paper explores the approach of assessing social representations as indicators of people’s attitudes toward evaluation. In an exploratory study, two groups were surveyed: University students (n = 60) with rather theoretical knowledge of evaluation and stakeholders (n = 61) who had shortly before taken part in participatory evaluation studies. Both groups were asked to name their free associations with the term “evaluation”, which were subsequently analyzed lexicographically. The results indicate different social representations of evaluation in the two groups. The student group primarily saw evaluation as an “appraisal”, whereas the stakeholders emphasized the “improvement” resulting from evaluation. Implications for further evaluation research and practice are discussed.

Essential Factors Determining the Quality of Population Life

Essential Factors Determining the Quality of Population Life

Does the Millennium Challenge Corporation reinforce capitalist power structures or empower citizens?

In development practice, how does ‘mutual benefit’ accrue, and to whom? China criticises America for perpetuating capitalist power relations and claims it can seek a new geopolitical order based on South–South cooperation. Meanwhile, there has been an extraordinary shift of emphasis towards the private sector as a driver of development, but this shift is attracting increasing criticism. The Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) – the only development agency to grow in influence under the Trump administration – is evaluated in the light of these two key themes. Neither China nor the private sector is successful in achieving ‘mutual benefit’ for ordinary citizens – both replicate existing power inequalities. As with the rise of both China and the private sector, the MCC also enmeshes developing countries further into the existing neoliberal capitalist structures. However, the advantages of the agency should not be dismissed outright, as its Ruling Justly and Investing in People indicators can enhance the capacity of citizens to challenge these power structures themselves.

Envejecimiento en parálisis cerebral, un reto en investigación e innovación: revisión sistemática

Apenas existen iniciativas de investigación en el ámbito del envejecimiento activo y saludable de las personas con parálisis cerebral. Encontrar soluciones a este reto social requiere una red de excelencia en investigación que contribuya a vivir mejor a toda la sociedad. Se recopiló información sobre parálisis cerebral y envejecimiento concretamente sobre necesidades percibidas, calidad de vida y repercusión del envejecimiento en las personas con parálisis cerebral. Se revisaron los conceptos que constituyen el marco teórico para investigar. A continuación se analizó la literatura encontrada sobre el proceso de envejecimiento. Por último se recogieron atendiendo a los principios de igualdad de oportunidades, no discriminación y accesibilidad universal, líneas de actuación a tener en cuenta por los investigadores en el desarrollo de actividades innovadoras. Invertir en investigación e innovación es esencial para el futuro, es la manera de impulsar productos y servicios y así crear una sociedad mejor para todos los ciudadanos.

Динамика биохимических показателей у людей в зависимости от хронотипов

Динамика биохимических показателей у людей в зависимости от хронотипов