Investing in human–animal bonds: What is the psychological return on such investment?

Abstract

If consumer spending is any indication of people’s devotion to their pets, then it should come as no surprise that pet care has evolved into a multi-billion-dollar industry. Cats and dogs are the most abundant pets in industrialized countries, and it is now commonplace to speak of pets as family members. The increased spending on pets has been attributed to the sheer number of pets owned by people and, perhaps more revealing, the depth and intensity of the emotional bond that some people experience in their relationship with their pet. Guided by relevant literature, this article uses a psychological lens to explore pet-oriented leisure and consumption, what is potentially driving people’s investment in their pets, and what this means for the health and well-being of people and pets. Pets influence people’s sense of self and promote happiness by providing enjoyable leisure experiences. Evidence for the impact of pet-related spending on health is sparse.