Indicators Of Agricultural Development Research Articles

Совершенствование процесса принятия управленческих решений в сельском хозяйстве с применением систем искусственного интеллекта

Abstract. The problem of the quality of managerial decisions is one of the most acute problems of agriculture. Their quality can be improved with the use of digital technologies, including the use of artificial intelligence (AI) systems. The purpose of the study is to clarify the main stages of managerial decision-making, taking into account the use of AI systems. The scientific novelty lies in the development of a structural model for making a managerial decision, taking into account the use of AI systems, the main components of this process are identified. The research methods were the analysis of publications in the WoS scientific citation network on the topics “agriculture” and “artificial intelligence”, as well as the abstract-logical method in the analysis of the main stages of making a managerial decision. The results of the study were the determination of the composition and content of the stages of the procedural decision invariant, taking into account the use of artificial intelligence systems. The use of artificial intelligence systems allows diagnosing the occurrence of problems in crop production, animal husbandry, and technical systems at an early stage. Data collection and analysis in the process of making a managerial decision using AI systems includes direct data collection using sensors, cameras, scanners, etc., their cleaning and preliminary analysis, exploratory and statistical analysis, data modeling and interpretation of results. The use of AI systems will make it possible to operate with large data sets from agricultural production facilities, which will reduce uncertainty in making managerial decisions. The analysis of alternatives and the development of a management decision using AI systems turns off the forecasting of agricultural development indicators in a given system of constraints, the generation of alternative solutions and the choice of the optimal alternative, the acceptance or ignoring of the proposed alternatives. AI systems can be used to automate and optimize the process of implementing management decisions, monitoring and controlling management decisions. The use of AI systems to automate management decision-making processes in agriculture can help improve management efficiency.

Leadership in Agriculture: Artificial Intelligence for Modelling and Forecasting Growth in the Industry

The paper investigates the growth rates of agriculture as one of the leading industries, which serves as a catalyst for economic development and is intended to provide the population with food products and industry with raw materials. The main aim of the conducted research is to analyze the impact of agricultural reforms on the agricultural growth rates in Algeria. The systematic analysis of literary sources and methods of addressing the problem of agricultural growth indicates the existence of socio-economic, political, and institutional inhibitors of effective agricultural reclamation of the agricultural sector. Five inputs were used as parameters characterizing the development of the agricultural industry. These are the volume of agricultural financing, the volume of exploited agricultural area, the volume of developed agricultural machinery, the volume of agricultural labor, and the rural level of agricultural growth. Forecasting indicators of the development of the agricultural industry was carried out using the methods of min max scaler tool, ReLU, and RMSE. A machine learning model from the Python language built the artificial neural network model. The statistical data of the Ministry of Finance and Agriculture and the World Bank served as the information base for the study of the relationship between the amount of adopted and implemented agrarian reforms. The link between the number of agrarian reforms adopted and expressed was investigated using data from several areas of statistics, the Ministry of Finance and Agriculture, and the World Bank. The modelling results proved the positive influence of bank financing, the volume of exploited agricultural areas and the number of the population employed in agriculture on the growth rates of agriculture in Algeria in the long term. An increase in agricultural mechanization by one unit (tractors and agricultural equipment per 100 km2) contributes to the growth of indicators of agricultural development by 0.21%, and an increase in the number of people employed in agriculture per million will lead to a rise in the level of agricultural development by 12 %. Thus, the results of econometric modelling proved the positive impact of agricultural reforms on the development of agriculture after 2022. It contributes to the increase in the level of employment of the population and, ultimately, will have a positive effect on the future rate of economic growth in Algeria.

Efficiency of agricultural subsidies in Kazakhstan

Relevance. The efficiency of budget expenditures can be considered on the basis of achievement of a socially significant planned result. We have a question which result should be recognized as the target one. The efficiency of subsidies is embodied in the efficiency of the activity of producers in agriculture. In turn, the efficiency of producers' activity is expressed through factor productivity. The issue of correlation of subsidies with the dynamics of factor productivity needs more detailed elaboration, which determines the relevance of the work. The object of the research is the agricultural subsidy system. The subject of the research is the economic efficiency of agricultural subsidies in Kazakhstan.Methods. The author applies economic and statistical analysis to study the time series on the economic efficiency of subsidies in Kazakhstan. The survey uses comparative analysis to compare the economic efficiency of subsidizing agriculture in Kazakhstan and Russia. System analysis serves to determine the factors influencing the dynamics of the main indicators of agricultural development in Kazakhstan and Russia.Results. In order to assess the economic efficiency of agricultural subsidies, the study proposes to correlate subsidies with the dynamics of output, productivity of individual factors. The work reveals that subsidies do not create the conditions under which many agricultural producers would consciously move to innovative and environmentally friendly technologies.

Кластеризация регионов на основе базовых аграрно-экономических критериев

The diversity of natural, climatic, and economic conditions of Russian regions implies a wide range of approaches to their classification. Simultaneously, the task of creating an abstract methodology for any branch of the national economy becomes more complicated. Effective clustering plays an important role in the establishment and implementation of agricultural and economic policies. The paper explores the potential of basic agricultural and economic regional clustering based on time series of main eco-nomic and agricultural development indicators. The dynamic segmentation technique was applied in order to monitor and predict the direction of meso-economic changes. Official Russian statistics were analysed to identify groups of indicators on production, production and institutional, and production and structural criteria. The k-means clustering algorithm was chosen as the key research method. Based on the three simulated regional segments, baseline average values were calculated. Then, the segments were classified according to the obtained characteristics. The outliers, significantly differing from the main data sets, were considered separately. The findings confirmed a wide spatial distribution of regions included in certain agricultural and economic segments. The presented classification can be applied to justify the directions and choice of instruments of agricultural and economic policy and a strategy for creating production clusters. Moreover, it can be used to plan the activities of regional agri-businesses and reduce their devel-opment imbalances. To improve the dynamic segmentation technique in the field of agricultural and economic development, the analysis can be expanded by changing the examined time interval, increasing the number of factors included in the model and their interactions, and introducing new clustering algorithms. Additionally, this model can be used to forecast structural changes and production dynamics.

О влиянии планирования на развитие сельского хозяйства региона

The article discusses the issues of planning agricultural development indicators in one of the North Arctic regions. The purpose of the study is to determine the need to change approaches to predictive calculations of indicators of agricultural development, as well as to take into account the factor of innovation as having the greatest impact on the state of the industry. In addition to this, the author proposes to take into account the need for synchronous development of agriculture and rural areas and apply an integrated approach to forecasting. The research was carried out on the basis of economic and statistical methods, analytical and computational algorithms for processing information on the development of agriculture in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).

Assessment of agricultural production in Russia in the context of global food security

The world’s economies are focused on sustainable development and food security. One of the main components of the food security system of the country - agricultural production - is highlighted. The study aims to identify the problems and prospects for the development of food security. The objectives of the study are related to the justification of the system of indicators (criteria) to assess the level of food security of countries, the choice of the list of countries for comparative analysis, conducting economic and statistical analysis, formulating directions to improve food security management. The system of indicators to assess the level of food security in the countries based on the assessment of average annual indices of production and consumption of products per capita and per arable land or livestock, poultry. An assessment of food security in terms of agricultural development indicators was conducted for the years 2010-2018. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the development of a methodology for assessing food security indicators, assessment of progressive and negative changes in the level of food security, formulation of conclusions to improve food security in Russia. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of developing a more efficient state agricultural policy.

Subsidies as a measure to increase factor productivity in agriculture of Russia

The study attempts to explain the dependence of agricultural development indicators on subsidies and other factors in Russia in 2012–2020. Based on the author's methodology, the survey evaluates the economic efficiency of subsidies in Russia’s agriculture, develops and justifies the measures to improve the support system aimed at increasing total factor productivity (TFP). The object of the study is agricultural subsidy system. The subject of the research is the influence of subsidies on TFP in agriculture. The panel models with fixed effects do not reveal an impact of subsidies on TFP. The 1st lag of the logarithm of subsidies negatively affects the dynamics of labor productivity, and shows no relationship between current year subsidies and labor productivity. Labor productivity in agriculture in Russia grows in 2019– 2020 as a result of higher gross output and, to a lesser extent, of lower employment. Capital productivity increases mainly due to gross output growth. Support measures for general services (development of infrastructure, science, extension, phytosanitary and veterinary services) should be the most important components of increasing the efficiency of agricultural subsidies. These components in agricultural subsidies are of high priority for the environmental situation in rural areas and the state of human capital.

Перспективы расширения посевных площадей в регионах России за счёт ввода в оборот неиспользуемой пашни

The problem of ensuring the country’s food security, which has recently become particularly acute, involves accelerating the search for reserves for the growth of agricultural production, one of such reserves is unused agricultural land. Therefore, in view of the strengthening of international sanctions against Russia and the adoption of a state program for the effective involvement of agricultural land in the turnover, the author’s approach to ranking regions according to the degree of prospects for large-scale expansion of acreage due to the introduction of unused arable land into circulation is proposed. Based on the results of calculations of resource and financial indicators of agricultural development in regions with large areas of unused arable land, an assessment of the potential of the regions was made on the possible level of efficiency of the use of arable land put into circulation, so that additional measures of financial and organizational support for these regions had the maximum level of return in the form of high growth rates of gross agricultural output. The article emphasizes that agriculture in only 22 regions has sufficient conditions and opportunities for effective development after large-scale involvement in the turnover of unused arable land, but subject to mandatory state support, without which it is impossible to bring individual economic and production indicators of the agricultural sector of individual regions to an acceptable level.

SPACIAL AND ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF LAND RESOURCES IN NORTH-EAST PART OF ZOLOCHIV DISTRICT UTC OF LVIV REGION

The article presents an ecological and geographical analysis of the current state of land resources. The structure of land resources in UTC (United Territorial Community) is dominated by lands of agricultural and forestry use. They occupy the largest areas - 67072.3 hectares, 40004.8 hectares and their share in the structure of the land fund is 57.8%, 34.4%, respectively.
 The structure of agricultural lands of the district is dominated by agricultural lands, namely arable land. Its area is 67072.3 hectares (97.3%)
 The largest area of agricultural land is concentrated within the central part of the district.
 The largest area in the structure of agricultural land is occupied by arable land - 2500 - 3570.8 hectares. In the eastern and south-eastern parts of the district the share of arable land in the structure of agricultural lands is the highest (more than 70%).
 The share of pastures and hayfields in the structure of agricultural lands is 18.2% and 16.8%, respectively. The smallest share in the structure of lands of perennial plantations (1.6%).
 The largest areas of hayfields and pastures in the northern and northeastern part of the district, which is due to the natural features of the territory.
 Peculiarities of forestry use of land resources on UTC area are analyzed.
 Lands covered with forest vegetation there are unevenly distributed and are mainly subordinated to Brody Forestry. The largest areas of forestry land in the northern and southern parts of the district.
 Forests in the northern part are located within Male Polissya. Here in the area there is the highest forest cover (45 - 67%). Forest cover in the southern part of the district is 45 - 67%.
 The structure of lands occupied by forest vegetation is dominated by forest areas (96.0%), including covered with forest crops (71.0%)
 On the basis of the defined indicators the analysis of ecological stability of lands in UTC is carried out, also the anthropogenic loading on agricultural lands of the area is defined. This figure depends on the area of land of different species.
 Using the method of Shyshchenko P. H. (1982) we have determined the anthropogenic load on the agricultural lands of the district. This figure depends on the area of the land of different species. Within the district there are spatial differences in this indicator. The greatest anthropogenic load on agricultural land is in the central part of the district. Here the anthropogenic load is more than 6.6 (strongly converted). In the north-western part of the district this indicator is the lowest: 5.2-5.3. On the territory of other village councils agricultural lands are moderately transformed (6.1 - 6.5)
 The results of the study of the ecological condition of the land resources of the district are presented. The level of plowing, agricultural development of the district is analyzed. The central and southern part of the district is characterized by an unbalanced structure of land use, as there is a fairly high rate of plowing of agricultural land. The share of arable land here is more than 70% of the total area of agricultural land. The average value of this indicator is around 57.7%. The highest agricultural development is in the central part of the district (except for Brody town territorial community), and in the southern part (more than 60%). The maximum indicators of agricultural development are - 86.8-91%.
 The ecological condition of the land resources of the district was assessed and five groups with different levels of this indicator were identified. The ecological condition of land resources varies from optimal to catastrophic, depending on the ratio of arable land (R) and the share of ecological and stabilizing lands (ESL). Optimal and satisfactory ecological condition of land resources in the region on the area of 40.6%, critical - 25.7%, crisis - 20.4%, catastrophic - 13.3%
 Land resources are one of the most important resources of the district. In modern conditions, productive agricultural lands should be involved in intensive agricultural cultivation, and the rest should remain in a natural state, which will ensure ecological sustainability and balanced nature management.
 Key words: land resources, agricultural lands, agricultural development, ecological condition, ecological stability.

AN UNORTHODOX VIEW OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT

The article identifies the role of agricultural enterprises, rural communities, and the state in the development of rural areas of Ukraine. The author gives her vision of the category “rural areas” for this study and summarizes the functions inherent in rural areas. This paper determines the integrated function of rural areas, which is to create a spatial basis for comfortable living, economic activity, preservation, and enhancement of bio- and landscape diversity. The article analyzes the main indicators of activity of agricultural enterprises, indicators of agricultural development, and socioeconomic indicators of the level and quality of life of rural residents. It is determined that the positive dynamics of agricultural production in Ukraine is not accompanied with a corresponding improvement in living standards of rural residents. It is concluded that it is necessary to modify the role of agricultural enterprises through compliance with the principles of sustainable development while maximizing their target functions. The paper examines the participation of the state and united territorial communities (UTC) in rural development. It is outlined that in Ukraine support for rural development at the state level is carried out mainly based on a sectoral approach in the presence of elements of a territorial approach. Such elements include the financing of infrastructure projects in rural areas. Decentralization in the country has strengthened the role of UTC in rural development. The paper identifies the advantages and challenges faced by UTC in the process of rural development planning. The importance of maintaining the advantages of rural areas is substantiated. It is emphasized that the development of rural infrastructure, the improvement of its ecological condition is possible with the common efforts of the state, local governments, and enterprises. Keywords: rural areas, rurbanization, decentralization, agricultural enterprises, sustainable development.

ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURAL LAND SOILS of LVIV REGION

The basis of agricultural land assessment (soil rating, economic land assessment, normative monetary assessment of land) is the properties of agricultural soil groups (141 agricultural groups) within 11 natural-agricultural districts of Lviv region. The structure of the soil cover of Lviv region is dominated by sod-podzolic soils (17.9%), brown soils, mountain-forest (14.0%), dark gray podzolic soils (12.1%). Typical low-humus black soils (78.6%), podzolic black soils (75.2%), and black-meadow soils (66.9%) are characterized by the highest indicators of agricultural development. Quite significant agricultural development, due to large-scale drainage reclamation, is characterized by hydromorphic soils: meadow-swamp (94.7%), swamp (84.2%), peat-swamp (82.5%), lowland peatlands (72.1).
 The most significant disadvantage of rating is the use of outdated information about natural and acquired soil properties, which do not correspond to the current state, do not reflect the quality of soils. In order to improve land assessment indicators, it is advisable to conduct soil research on all land plots. The weighted average rating of soil quality of agricultural lands of the region is 26 and has significant fluctuations in terms of natural-agricultural areas (NAA): 48 points for Zolochiv and 10 for Turkiv, which is due to the structure of agricultural groups in these areas and their diagnostic indicators. Dark gray podzolic and degraded, black soil podzolic and slightly degraded (75 points) and black soil crushed on the eluvium of dense carbonate rocks (76 points) have the highest rating of arable agricultural groups in Lviv region.
 Economic assessment of land was carried out in the conditions of the collective farm-state farm system of land use at approximately the same cost per unit of production and therefore in modern conditions of diversity of agricultural entities they do not reflect the real situation and require significant improvement. The introduction of land reform in Ukraine has facilitated the monetary assessment of lands, which is determined by their location within a certain NAA, the composition of lands and the rating scores of the quality of agricultural groups of soils within them.
 The highest cost of arable land in Borshchovytskyi and Zolochivskyi NAA districts (56.3 thousand UAH and 61.6 thousand UAH per 1 ha, respectively) (agro-group 100 d, e). UAH The highest cost of hayfields in Zolochiv SSR district - 20.3 thousand UAH per 1 hectare (agrogroup 133d) The highest value of 1 hectare of pastures in Sambir-Zhydachiv NAA district - 16.7 thousand UAH (agrogroup 18c).
 Given the complexity and high cost of large-scale soil surveys within the state, it is advisable to conduct soil research on all land plots involved in civil relations (lease, sale, mortgage, gift, inheritance, mine), which will establish the real state of soil cover within their limits, calculate real assessment and, in the future, update information on the main means of labor in agriculture and forestry.
 Key words: soil resources, agrogroups, natural-agricultural areas, rating of agrogroups, normative monetary assessment of soils.

Assessment of Agricultural Performance of Districts of Punjab Based On Composite Agricultural Indicators Using Grey Relational Analysis

The province of Punjab is considered the breadbasket of Pakistan. This study is aimed to evaluate and hierarchicalize the districts of Punjab based on agricultural indicators. It follows a ranking approach that uses secondary cross-sectional data obtained from Punjab Development Statistics 2016. This study has employed Grey System Theory and used GRA. It is a seminal study that uses a unique methodology that has integrated thirteen different indicators of agricultural development in one mathematical model and assigned a distinct composite grade to every district. Findings revealed that district Bahawalpur and Bahawalnagar have the highest Grey Relational Grade (GRG), hence depict the best agricultural performance in Punjab, whereas district Mianwali has the lowest GRG and accordingly least performance. This research provides insight to the policymakers, which will help them to take corrective measures and/or adjust the agricultural development policies

FORECASTING THE LEVEL OF INVESTMENT ENSURE OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT

Assessment of the formation of the level of investment ensure and its impact on the indicators of agricultural development requires the use of mathematical methods of parametric forecasting. The methodological approaches have been substantiated and methodical approach to forecasting the level of investment ensuring of agricultural development has been developed in the paper. Investment ensure for agriculture has been proposed to be considered simultaneously as a result of the influence of internal and external factors, as well as a factor affecting the parameters of the industry’s development. The use of gross value added in agriculture as an indicator of the efficiency of investment ensuring and the parameter of agricultural development has been substantiated. The methodical approach to the analysis of investment ensure based on time factor has been improved. Multi-factor econometric model has been developed for assessing the influence of factors (profitability level, volume of lending, state support, foreign direct investment) on the level of investment ensure for agriculture. Indicators of investment ensure of agricultural development have been forecast on the basis of econometric model using data extrapolation method by linear, logarithmic, polynomial and exponential mathematical functions for each factor. An econometric model for assessing the impact of the level of investment ensure on gross value added in agriculture has been developed and used to predict the level of agricultural development. The projected values of investment and gross value added in agriculture in Ukraine have been calculated in an optimistic, realistic and pessimistic scenario. The need to increase the efficiency of agricultural producers, the volume of lending and state support to achieve the appropriate parameters of investment ensure for agricultural development has been substantiated.

Current Trends in Crop Yield Forecasting Based on the Use of Econometric Models

Agriculture is one of the most important branches of the national economy and the main supplier of food and raw materials for many industries. Agricultural sector in Russia has recently been undergoing renewal and growth due to the intensifi cation and application of modern innovative technologies for monitoring the state of fields using satellite images based on computer vision systems. At the same time, there is still a number of problems and challenges that require prompt solutions. One of them is developing new forecasting models and methods for key resulting indicators of agricultural development and have an advantage over existing models. To improve the accuracy of forecasting models, it is necessary to rely on a broad range of available statistical indicators and new modern econometric tools. The paper presents a set of methodological developments for modeling and forecasting crop yields based on the use of new econometric models that allow working with a truncated regression by limiting the range of possible negative values, statistical estimations of the introduced indicators that focus on the ecological component, as well as structural and general economic indicators. The suggested models allow obtaining more accurate forecasts compared to traditional popular models based on the least squares method. The work relies on Rosstat data for 100 agricultural fields located in municipalities of 43 regions of Russia, selected in proportion to the volume of crop production in this region. The results of this study are of interest to international and Russian organizations of various levels, whose activities are related to the issues of making managerial decisions aimed at ensuring food security of the country, improving the level and quality of life of the population, as well as organizations designed to provide modern conditions for farming on the ground.

Identifiable regression models of the relationship between agricultural development indicators of the regions

Subject. This article evaluates the quantitative relationships between agricultural development indicators based on identifiable econometric models. Objectives. The article aims to build identifiable structural econometric models of the relationships of key indicators of agricultural development in Russian regions in present-day conditions. Methods. For the study, I used econometric modeling and mathematical statistics techniques, and computer application programs. Results. The article substantiates the relevance of quantifying the relationship between key agricultural development indicators in Russian regions on the basis of identifiable econometric models, identifies major quantitative dependences, and presents statistically significant identifiable structural models of the relationship of agricultural development indicators. Conclusions. In today's environment, the possibilities for objective quantification of the relationship between agricultural development indicators are associated with the use of formalized quantitative methods. The statistical properties of identifiable structural models get improved as the number of observations increases. The best statistical properties are those obtained for the regions of the Southern Federal District.

Інституалізація агрострахування в Україні: чинники впливу та вектори розвитку

Мета. Метою статті є дослідження розвитку українського ринку страхових продуктів у сільському господарстві з виокремленням і класифікацією чинників, які впливають на динаміку основних показників ринку, та визначення на цій основі концептуальних напрямів розбудови ефективної системи агрострахування України.
 Методологія / методика / підхід. Методологію дослідження становили положення неокласичної та інституційної теорій; використано методи узагальнення та систематизації (при визначенні сучасних тенденцій розвитку ринку агрострахування), періодизації (для визначення спільних рис і розбіжностей у становленні агрострахування в Україні), статистичного аналізу (для аналізу динаміки показників розвитку аграрної сфери, ринку агрострахування), факторний аналіз (для визначення чинників впливу на ефективність агрострахування); кореляційний і регресійний аналізи (при виявленні залежності показників розвитку ринку агрострахування від макроекономічних показників й обсягів державного фінансування), прогностичний (для формулювання висновків і пропозицій щодо концептуальних векторів розвитку агрострахування).
 Результати. У результаті дослідження виявлено низький рівень проникнення страхування в сільське господарство України. Агрострахування здійснюється переважно у рослинництві. На ринку агрострахування України представлені сучасні страхові продукти, але їх асортимент є меншим у порівнянні з країнами з розвинутим агрострахуванням. Нормативно-правове забезпечення страхування продукції сільського господарства представлено значною кількістю документів, невиконання у повному обсязі окремих положень яких, наприклад, щодо державного субсидіювання страхових премій, перешкоджає розвитку агрострахування. Ми узагальнили та класифікували чинники розвитку агрострахування в Україні й використали математичну модель для виявлення основних функціональних чинників, які мають вплив на динаміку застрахованих площ. Ми встановили важливу залежність розвитку агрострахування від комплексу інституційних і функціональних чинників.
 Оригінальність / наукова новизна. Отримав подальший розвиток системний підхід до дослідження агрострахування як складника умов сталого розвитку аграрної сфери. Визначено, що реалізації потенційних можливостей агрострахування, як складника забезпечення умов сталого розвитку аграрної сфери, перешкоджають висока вартість страхових премій, недостатні обсяги фінансування державних програм, непослідовність державної політики, відсутність при її розробленні та реалізації середньострокового планування; неповнота інформації з боку стейкхолдерів щодо необхідності, доступності агрострахування. Для розвитку агрострахування необхідно зменшити негативний вплив таких чинників.
 Практична цінність / значущість. Інституалізації агрострахування, як однієї з передумов функціонування сільського господарства України на принципах сталого розвитку, будуть сприяти перехід від мультиризикового до індексного страхування, формування прозорого регуляторного середовища, запровадження середньострокового державного програмування, поширення інформації на державному рівні для стейкхолдерів щодо необхідності, доступності, доцільності агрострахування.

Geographical Gap Analysis of Agricultural Development Indicators in Lorestan Province

Geographical Gap Analysis of Agricultural Development Indicators in Lorestan Province

ОСОБЕННОСТИ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ПРОЕКТНОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ В АГРОПРОМЫШЛЕННОМ КОМПЛЕКСЕ РЕГИОНА НА БАЗЕ АГРАРНОГО ВУЗА

In the current conditions of unstable financial situation in the world, the most important task should be to increase the efficiency of agricultural production, which is the basis of the country's stability. The introduction of project management in the agro-industrial sector can become a growth point not only for individual organizations, but also for the economy of the region as a whole. The purpose of this study is to develop practical recommendations for using project activities in the management of the agricultural sector at the regional level. In studying the project management problem, the following methods were used: general scientific methods for analyzing science works, methods of systemic, comparative analysis, abstract-logical, expert-analytical and sociological methods. The algorithm of university's project activities implementation, on the basis of which its strategic goals are achieved, is considered in detail. A model of modern agricultural project management at the regional level is presented; its problems and solutions are identified. The effect of introducing project-oriented activities in the agricultural sector at the regional level, as well as the need to improve the economic mechanism for developing agriculture in the region, is substantiated. The results of the study are consistent with the hypothesis put forward. In accordance with it, the proposed measures will contribute to the effective implementation of project-oriented management in the regional economy of the agro-industrial complex on the part of factors of managing agricultural sector in the region. The implementation of the proposed development areas will significantly improve existing methods of managing the agro-industrial complex of the region, since the introduction of project management will allow not only to concentrate financial and managerial resources, but also to obtain sustainable indicators of agricultural development.

Ограничение производства для обеспечения продовольственной безопасности в Китае

Being over-dependent on imports, China has been faced with the problem of food insufficiency in recent years. This paper, with the adoption of the indicators of agricultural development and relevant models, aims to explore factors affecting food security in China, in particular, technological elements. The findings demonstrate that technology plays a vital role in improving food production. It is recommended to increase the input of science and technology and improve agricultural mechanization.

ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ РОЗВИТКУ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ В АГРАРНОМУ СЕКТОРІ УКРАЇНИ

У статті висвітлено сутність, основні особливості інвестицій в аграрний сектор, що зумовлюються специфікою правового стану України, специфікою аграрного виробництва в Україні та специфікою нового світового порядку планування, виробництва, розподілу. Визначено теоретичні та методологічні проблеми залучення інвестицій в аграрний сектор України. Виділено основні складові сільськогосподарської галузі економіки, в які в Україні, в основному, залучено іноземні інвестиції. Проаналізовано види та деякі характеристики інвестицій, основні проблеми гальмування інвестицій в діяльність сільськогосподарських підприємств. Запропоновано шляхи вирішення існуючих проблем інвестицій в діяльність сільськогосподарських підприємств. Охарактеризовано ризики вкладання інвестицій в діяльність сільськогосподарських підприємств. Проаналізовано динаміку прямих іноземних інвестицій у сільське господарство за період з 2010 по 2017 рр. та їх вплив на основні показники розвитку сільського господарства України. Зроблено висновок, що іноземних інвесторів цікавлять підприємства, які можуть забезпечити за короткий час повернення вкладеного капіталу з отриманням найбільшого прибутку. З огляду на це, більш перспективними в українській економіці для них є не виробництво сільськогосподарської продукції, а її переробка. Сьогодні увага акцентується на необхідності диверсифікації джерел інвестиційного забезпечення аграрної сфери. Виявлено на які види за видами вирощуваних культур розподілилися посівні площі. Визначено ТОП-10 найбільших агрохолдингів за обсягом земельного банку. Виділено основні індикатори інвестиційного розвитку сільського господарства України. Обґрунтовано стратегічну спрямованість залучення іноземних інвестицій в аграрний сектор економіки України. Зроблено висновок, що недостатня ступінь довіри іноземних інвесторів до України і високий рівень інвестиційного ризику зумовлюють низький рівень надходжень інвестицій, а інвестиційний клімат в свою чергу безпосередньо впливає на основні показники соціально-економічного розвитку держави. Проаналізовано стратегічні цілі, індикатори інвестиційного розвитку сільського господарства України та основні макроекономічні проблеми.