Research In India Research Articles

A Voyage on Neural Machine Translation for Indic Languages

With the invention of deep learning concepts, Machine Translation (MT) migrated towards Neural Machine Translation (NMT) architectures, eventually from Statistical Machine Translation (SMT), which ruled MT for a few decades. Slowly, NMT paved its path into Indian MT research and witnessed many works for various language pairs in this regard. Numerous NMT architectures are floating across the international and national research pool; many claims to be state-of-the-art architectures. Though NMT for Indic languages (ILNMT) is giving better results for majority speaking language pairs, the translation quality is low due to a lack of significant resources. Automated machine translation models are unavailable for some less spoken Indic languages like Kashmiri and Dogri. Hence, there is increasing demand in the research to address the challenges of developing applicable MT models even when minuscule training data is available. Based on the corpus availability, the languages are categorized into High Resource Languages (HRLs), Low Resource Languages (LRLs), and Zero Resource Languages (ZRLs). Many Indic languages are classified into HRLs, LRLs, and ZRLs based on corpus availability. The vision behind this literature survey paper is to make this paper a collective source for all information regarding the predominant ILNMT architectures, the toolkits available for building NMT models, and various pre-trained language models needed by researchers who contribute to the ILNMT research community. In this survey paper, ILNMT architectures for different Indic languages are covered, e.g., Hindi, Tamil (HRLs), Kannada, Marathi (LRLs), Sinhala, and Nepali (ZRLs). There are a few language-specific survey papers on ILNMT, and this is one of the first kinds of survey papers where all the information is gathered under one canopy.

Expression of BAX and Bcl-2 Gene in Prostate Carcinoma and its Correlation with Gleason Score

Introduction: Prostate cancer is primarily a disease that occurs in the elderly age group amongst men above 65 years of age. The relationship between the Bcl-2 and Bax genes and the Gleason staging of prostate cancer has not been studied in depth, and there is a dearth of published Indian research on the subject. Hence, this study aims to comprehend how the apoptotic mechanism relates to prostate cancer. The aim of the study was to determine the proportion (expression) of Bcl-2 and BAX genes in prostate carcinoma (PCa) and to observe the correlation of Bcl-2 and BAX gene association with Gleason scoring in PCa. Materials and Methods: Transurethral resected prostatic Chips positive for PCa and paraffin blocks were evaluated for the study. H-score system was used based on the cytoplasmic staining into negative mild, moderate and strong cytoplasmic staining. Results: Fifty cases were analysed. There was a notable relationship between Gleason grade and tumour size, and levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were in an increasing manner with Gleason's grade except at Grade 3, with the majority of cases falling into Gleason grade 5 (42%) and PSA levels falling into the range of 90–99 (28%), tumour size falling into the range of 3.1–6 cm (44%), T4 stage (34%) and metastasis (80%). Conclusion: This study concluded that PSA levels in cases of prostate cancer patients were showing an increasing trend with Gleason grade. This demonstrated a striking correlation between Gleason grade and H score BCL2, but not one that was particularly significant for the BAX gene.

Indian research on transcranial magnetic stimulation: A bibliometric analysis.

A significant body of evidence on the role of TMS in neurology and psychiatry has emerged from Indian studies. We aimed to assess the existing and emerging trends of research on TMS as a diagnostic or therapeutic tool in India using bibliometric analysis. A total of 146 publications, retrieved from various databases, were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and VOSviewer. We found a linear positive growth of publications in India in the field of TMS and neuropsychiatry, with about 3000 citations so far. The most researched diagnosis was schizophrenia. NIMHANS, Bengaluru, had the highest number of publications. The journal with the highest number of publications was the Asian Journal of Psychiatry, and that with the highest citations was the Journal of Affective disorders. The growth of Indian research in the field of TMS corresponds to that of the global one but also suggests the need for more studies to match the research output from other countries.

DR. TAHIR TAUNSVI'S WORK ON MASOOD HASSAN RIZVI ADEEB

Dr. Tahir Taunsvi is a well-known and acclaimed researcher, critic, and poet of Urdu language and literature. His, more than seventy remarkable books (compilations and compositions) are a great contribution to Urdu research and criticism. He has also written more than three hundred valuable research articles. He introduced many literary personalities to the arena of the Urdu language and literature. Prominent Indian researcher and critic Syed Masood Hassan Rizvi Adeeb and his literary dimensions are an important field of Dr. Tahir Taunsvi’s research work. In this article, the authors have presented an analytical study of the following four research books of Dr. Tahir Taunsvi. Masood Hassan Rizvi Adeeb: Hayat Aur Karnamay, Lakhnawyat_e _Adeeb, Razm Nama Anees O Dabeer Taaruf O Taqabal, Masood Hassan Rizvi Adeeb, Kitabyaat. In these detailed and comprehensive research books, the author has unfolded the life history, different literary dimensions (especially, as a critic, researcher, and poet), and the worth of literary achievements of Syed Masood Hassan Rizvi Adeeb. This study not only unveils the salient features of these exceptional research books of Dr. Tahir Taunsvi but also throws light on the multidimensional literary aspects of renowned writer Masood Hassan Rizvi Adeeb.

Improving Earthquake Resistant Design and Construction in India

New materials and structural systems are being introduced in construction profession every day either to replace conventional materials whose availability is becoming scarce or to improve the efficiency of construction. New systems are also being introduced to cater to new demands in functionality and aesthetics. While Indian researchers have kept pace with the theoretical aspects of earthquake resistant design, the practical aspects are hardly touched upon since they require testing and implementation in practice. The current codes are prescriptive about the general requirements for strength and detailing and so are inadequate to define and assess the performance objectives of specific structural systems. Consequently, the gap between academics and profession has been widening and has reached extreme proportions and there is an urgent need to revive applied research in earthquake engineering to evaluate seismic performance of practical systems. In this paper, the work carried out by the author and his students at IIT Madras on seismic design and tests carried out on masonry, reinforced concrete, structural steel, steel-concrete composite, cold-formed steel, semi-rigid frames of steel and composite construction and industrial rack systems are reviewed. The importance of understanding the details of the seismic behaviour of these system towards improving the performance is emphasized.

Bibliometrics of Indian veterinary science research output during 2001-2020

The paper is an analysis of 7,056 papers published by Indian scientists during 2001-2020 in the discipline of veterinary sciences. The study indicates that there is a steep decline in the Indian research output in veterinary sciences after the two years block of 2009-2010. Most of the prolific institutions except Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati were funded by Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) published about 71% of the total output. Of these, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar produced the highest number of papers and Central Institute of Fisheries and Aquaculture (CIFA), Bhubaneswar had the highest value of CPP. Highest number of prolific authors was also from Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI). About three-fourth of the papers were published in low impact factor journals. Of the total published papers, about one-third remained uncited. All the highly cited papers were written either in domestic or international collaboration. About 45% papers were published in journals of Indian origin and the remaining papers in journals originating from other countries. Among countries from abroad, highest number of papers was published in journals originating from USA and UK.

A Cross-Sectional Study among Cadets at Maritime Institutions: Factors influencing the study participation during the COVID-19 Epidemic towards Online Education

Purpose: The goal of this research is to investigate the factors influencing study engagement. while the COVID-19 outbreak is occurring by using online platforms to provide educational concepts. Design/Methodology/approach: There were 412 cadets present. The questionnaire was divided into sections to find out about each cadet's unique traits, needs, proficiency with online tools, and preferences for high-quality online education. Findings: \ Young students live in a digital environment, and they have been using online education and digital applications as a form of instruction for a long time. Practical Implications: The academic curricula was created for in-person instruction, and because there were not enough facilities to enable unexpected virtual education, universities were not ready for a sudden change. This caused anxiety among students. Originality/Value: The data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 (Statistical Package of Social Science). The data's constructs were compared using chi-square analysis.. This study fills a vacuum in Indian research on this topic by examining the cadets' mental health state under situations like lockdown, which was recognized as a need. Type of Paper: Descriptive Research.

Empowering American Indian and Alaska Native youth to lead measurement development of an indigenous adolescent wellbeing measure: A protocol paper.

American Indian and Alaska Native youth research has rarely included young people from within these populations as co-designers. In addition to the lack of youth involvement, most findings focus on presenting statistics around disparity vs. focusing on this population's unique strengths and resiliency. The research design of this protocol aims to fill this gap in the current literature. To address this discrepancy, a multipronged approach to youth and young adult participatory research was implemented. These prongs included a virtual gathering where the Nominal Group Technique was conducted and an assembly of a Youth Research Design Team. Lastly, the research team will implement a protocol developed by the Research Design Team. The Research Design Team plans to conduct qualitative interviews and distribute a web-based quantitative survey with a raffle as respondent compensation. This protocol is a preliminary phase to developing a wellbeing measure for AIAN youth. Having an operationalized definition of wellness from AIAN youth will fill a gap in the current body of research with optimism that this will lead to additional studies exploring the AIAN youth voice.

Induction Related Mortality Score in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Prospective Validation Study (pRISM) of the Hematology Cancer Consortium (HCC)

Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) should be initiated at the earliest to improve outcomes. The standard induction regimen (3+7) is associated with significant risk of induction mortality, especially in resource limited settings. Hence there is a need to develop risk prediction model for our patient cohorts. Treatment related mortality (TRM) scoring systems developed and used in developed country, mostly for the elderly, may not be directly applicable to population of young adults in developing countries, many of whom have poor general condition and infections at baseline. We developed a multivariate model of induction mortality score in 2019, from a retrospective AML cohort of the Indian acute leukemia research database [INwARD] established by the Hematology Cancer Consortium (HCC). In the present study we have validated the approach and recalibrated the induction mortality score on a multicenter prospective cohort. Prospective data for adult AML, for a period of 20 months, starting July 2020 to February 2022, was received from 17 member institutions in a central online data management system. Potential variables that would predict mortality were selected based on clinical and statistical significance. Eleven variables relating to baseline patient and disease characteristics (age, ECOG performance status, duration of symptoms in days, albumin, creatinine, bilirubin, white cell count, platelet, hemoglobin, peripheral blood blast percentage, and presence of infection requiring intravenous antibiotic within one week prior of starting induction), were considered for the predictive model using machine learning (ML) algorithms: Logistic regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB). Of the various ML algorithms, the best model was chosen based on area under curve (AUC) from the training dataset and validity statistics from the test dataset. We also used the same approach to predict intensive care unit (ICU) admission. R software was used to analyze the data. Of the 779 treated cases during the study period, 438 received intensive induction, '3+7' being the most common regimen in 80%. The median age of this cohort was 37 years (IQR 28, 46), male to female ratio 1.2. European Leukemia Net (ELN) risk group was good in 31.3 % (n= 137), intermediate in 44% (n=192), high in 13.7% (n=60), and unknown in 11% (n=48). Complete remission was attained in 56.3%. Overall induction mortality was 13.0%, ranging from 7.1% to 40% across different centers. Infection was the most common cause of death in 52%. For predicting induction mortality using 11 covariates, SVM provided the best threshold as 0.126, with an AUC of 94.71%, sensitivity (92.50%), and specificity (96.11%). A comparison of the ML algorithms is shown in Fig 1 and statistics for the SVM model in Table 1. ICU admission was observed in 22.8%; a cut-off threshold of 0.231, with an AUC of 93.3% in the SVM model predicted ICU admission with sensitivity of 93.15% and specificity of 89.7%. Induction mortality prediction score developed in a retrospective cohort was effectively applied to contemporary prospective data from major centers across the country, with diverse resources and patient profiles. Thus, we have validated the machine learning approach of predicting induction mortality with variables relevant to regional clinical settings including baseline infection. The SVM model predicted the risk of both induction mortality as well as morbidity with high accuracy. An online calculator is being developed to help clinicians use this score in regular practice for guiding treatment intensity as per an individual patient's risk and in directing appropriate resource utilization. Further, the approach of risk-adapted induction intensity, especially for young adult AML, based on the score adjusted to center-specific prevalence of mortality rates, is under consideration for a prospective clinical trial. Figure 1View largeDownload PPTFigure 1View largeDownload PPT Close modal

An Overview of Indian Spoken Language Recognition from Machine Learning Perspective

Automatic spoken language identification (LID) is a very important research field in the era of multilingual voice-command-based human-computer interaction. A front-end LID module helps to improve the performance of many speech-based applications in the multilingual scenario. India is a populous country with diverse cultures and languages. The majority of the Indian population needs to use their respective native languages for verbal interaction with machines. Therefore, the development of efficient Indian spoken language recognition systems is useful for adapting smart technologies in every section of Indian society. The field of Indian LID has started gaining momentum since the early 2000s, mainly due to the development of several standard multilingual speech corpora for the Indian languages. Even though significant research progress has already been made in this field, to the best of our knowledge, there are not many attempts to analytically review them collectively. In this work, we have conducted one of the very first attempts to present a comprehensive review of the Indian spoken language recognition research field. In-depth analysis has been presented to emphasize the unique challenges of low-resource and mutual influences for developing LID systems in the Indian contexts. Several essential aspects of the Indian LID research, such as the detailed description of the available speech corpora, the major research contributions, including the earlier attempts based on statistical modeling to the recent approaches based on different neural network architectures, and the future research trends are discussed. This review work will help assess the state of the present Indian LID research by any active researcher or any research enthusiasts from related fields.

Research on Sustainable Development Goals: <em>How has Indian Scientific Community responded?

Since the adoption of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015, various countries across the world have started programmes to achieve the relevant targets under SDGs. The advancements in research and development play a crucial role in achieving these targets. Motivated by this a few studies have tried to map the research publications with their relevance to specific SDGs. However, there are no existing detailed studies with reference to India. Therefore, this article attempts to measure the research activities on SDGs in India. It utilises standard bibliometrics approach and textual analysis of data collected from Dimensions database for a five-year period (2016–2020). The results show a positive response from the Indian research community towards the SDGs. About 12 percent of the total research output from India is found directly related to SDGs. The three SDGs namely SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being), SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) and SDG 13 (Climate Change) have received most attention from the Indian research community. Technical subjects such as, Engineering, Medical and Health Sciences, and Chemical Sciences are the main contributors. The major contributing institutions, authors and journals are identified.

Doctoral research in education: a comparative study on Indian and international trends

PurposeIt is unfortunate yet true that in India, research starts and ends with a Ph.D. The steady decline in the quality of doctoral research has been an articulated concern among Indian academics at a time when research and innovation should be a priority. One of the feasible ways of resurrecting or reconstructing Indian research is to open up to examine contemporary international trends. Against this backdrop, the study aimed to make a comparative analysis of doctoral research in education in top-ranking international and top-ranking Indian universities.Design/methodology/approachAdopting a comparative education methodology, this paper examines 100 doctoral dissertations from the top 10 international universities as per Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) ranking and 100 doctoral theses from the top 10 Indian universities following National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) submitted in the past decade. Four significant issues were investigated during the comparison – topic, procedure, presentation, and dissemination – based on the premeditated Research Quality Relevance Metrics (RQRM) designed by the authors for quality improvement of research.FindingsFindings revealed stark differences between two trends in all four domains. The top international universities focus on the contemporariness scattered across diverse issues while Indian studies continue to engage on a few archetypal conventional issues with dreary reiterations. The newness of thought is rare in Indian research, while the interdisciplinary mixing of methods and practices had been the hallmark of its international comportment. Practice orientation has been a unique research attribute found in the top 10 international universities. The methods applied have attempted to reduce the age-old gap between educational research and practice. Methodological innovativeness, structural orientation, readability, and dissemination of research were also exemplary in those international theses, whereas Indian theses are still reeling under orthodox surveys with hesitant reporting.Research limitations/implicationsThis study put an exclusive mirror in front of Indian doctoral research on its current state in respect of international standards. At the same time, it upholds a framework to promote research quality and impact. Dimensions of research quality relevance matrices and recommendations for effective doctoral research are two vibrant contributions to the intelligentsia in general for bringing Indian research out of its cocoon to make it internationally comparable.Originality/valueIt reports a study conducted by the researchers and the write-up is based on the empirical findings only.

Sensitivity of agricultural crops to tropospheric ozone: a review of Indian researches.

Tropospheric ozone (O3) is a long-range transboundary secondary air pollutant, causing significant damage to agricultural crops worldwide. There are substantial spatial variations in O3 concentration in different areas of India due to seasonal and geographical variations. The Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) region is one of the most crop productive and air-polluted regions in India. The concentration of tropospheric O3 over the IGP is increasing by 6-7.2% per decade. The annual trend of increase is 0.4 ± 0.25% year-1 over the Northeastern IGP. High O3 concentrations were reported during the summer, while they were at their minimum during the monsoon months. To explore future potential impacts of O3 on major crop plants, the responses of different crops grown under ambient and elevated O3 concentrations were compared. The studies clearly showed that O3 is an important stress factor, negatively affecting the yield of crops. In this review, we have discussed yield losses in agricultural crops due to rising O3 pollution and variations in O3 sensitivity among cultivars and species. The use of ethylene diurea (EDU) as a research tool in assessing the losses in yield under ambient and elevated O3 levels also discussed. Besides, an overview of interactive effects of O3 and nitrogen on crop productivity has been included. Several recommendations are made for future research and policy development on rising concentration of O3 in India.

Unravelling the Development of Non-Covalent Organocatalysis in India

AbstractThis review is devoted to underpinning the contributions of Indian researchers towards asymmetric organocatalysis. More specifically, a comprehensive compilation of reactions mediated by a wide range of non-covalent catalysis is illustrated. A detailed overview of vividly catalogued asymmetric organic transformations promoted by hydrogen bonding and Brønsted acid catalysis, alongside an assortment of catalysts is provided. Although asymmetric organocatalysis has etched itself in history, we aim to showcase the scientific metamorphosis of Indian research from baby steps to large strides within this field. 1 Introduction2 Non-Covalent Catalysis and Its Various Activation Modes3 Hydrogen-Bonding Catalysis3.1 Urea- and Thiourea-Derived Organocatalysts3.1.1 Thiourea-Derived Organocatalysts3.1.2 Urea-Derived Organocatalysts3.2 Squaramide-Derived Organocatalysts3.2.1 Michael Reactions3.2.2 C-Alkylation Reactions3.2.3 Mannich Reactions3.2.4 [3+2] Cycloaddition Reactions3.3 Cinchona-Alkaloid-Derived Organocatalysts3.3.1 Michael Reactions3.3.2 Aldol Reactions3.3.3 Friedel–Crafts Reactions3.3.4 Vinylogous Alkylation of 4-Methylcoumarins3.3.5 C-Sulfenylation Reactions3.3.6 Peroxyhemiacetalisation of Isochromans3.3.7 Diels–Alder Reactions3.3.8 Cycloaddition Reactions3.3.9 Morita–Baylis–Hilman Reactions4 Brønsted Acid Derived Organocatalysts4.1 Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalysis4.1.1 Diels–Alder Reactions4.1.2 Addition of Ketimines4.1.3 Annulation of Acyclic Enecarbamates5 Conclusion

Exploring the last 50 years of Indian research on the impact of coal mining using bibliometric analysis with an overview of water-related impacts.

This paper throws light on the bibliometric review of the impact of coal mining in India over the past 50years, emphasizing environmental, especially water-related impacts. The data were refined from the Web of Science database and analyzed in a bibliometric map visualization software tool, VOSviewer, to grasp the research focus, status quo and analyze the trend and direction of the work being carried out in this area. The methodology was covered in three phases: search and document selection, software and data extraction, and analysis of results and trends. The study results indicated that (i) the publication has increased in the past two decades (2001-2021) with a steep increase in the period from 2010 to 2021 with 74.68% article types documents and a mere 7.74% review documents. (ii) In India, the significant contribution is made by the Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad with Department of Science and Technology as a primary funding agency. (iii) The bibliometric map of co-occurrence of author keywords showed that keywords relating to the "pollution" (connected to air, water) from "Jharia coalfield" have highest occurrences in the relevant published works of literature and topics like "reclamation," "mine spoil," and application of approaches like "remote sensing and GIS" have lower linkage strengths in general. (iv) The result of the co-citation network study has marked the most significant authors and the highly cited sources of the database revealing Ghose M.K. and Singh A.K. as among the most cited authors with citations more than 150 in the field of our interest. (v) The trend of publication in the research area of Water Resources showed a significant increase after 2015. The keyword occurrence map reveals that water quality studies have been extensively studied, but quantifications of the coal mining-induced changes in water regimes at river basin scales are absent.

Variability of indian monsoon and its forcing mechanisms since late quaternary

The Indian monsoon is an important part of the global monsoon system, allowing important transfers of moisture at a large geographical scale and deeply affecting human populations and economic prosperity of regions. The tropical summer monsoon in the Northern Hemisphere is generally considered to be driven by low latitude solar radiation. Therefore, the summer monsoon strength is near zero-phase to the maximum of Northern Hemisphere Summer Insolation (NHSI). However, records from the Arabian Sea and some other parts of the Indian Ocean (e.g., Andaman Sea) show that a ∼8 kyr phase difference exists between the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) strength and the northern Hemisphere Summer Insolation maxima, which is obviously different from the records of stalagmites in the East Asia and other marine sediments (e.g., Bay of Bengal). This leads to the “sea-land precession phase paradox” in indian summer monsoon research. This paper systematically summarizes the Indian monsoon variability on orbital scale indicated by various records from the Indian monsoon regions (including oceans and continents) since the late Quaternary. The orbital forcing of Indian monsoon, the potential phase difference between indian summer monsoon and northern Hemisphere Summer Insolation and its possible forcing mechanism(s) are further discussed. The observed phase lag between indian summer monsoon and northern Hemisphere Summer Insolation may be controlled by the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), latent heat transfer between the southern Indian Ocean and the Asian continent, or caused by the lack of tightly coupling between the Arabian Sea summer monsoon proxies and the monsoon intensity. In addition, it is still unclear whether previous monsoon proxies can provide a strong constraint on the intensity of summer monsoon. Environmental magnetism has been widely used in high-resolution dating and the analysis of paleoclimate variabilities in marine and terrestrial sediments, due to its high sensitivity on the rainfall and temperature. Therefore, in order to solve these issues, it is necessary to combine magnetic parameters with geochemical and paleontological parameters for more systematic work in the future.

How sanitary pads came to save the world: Knowing inclusive innovation through science and the marketplace.

International development institutions, governments, and social entrepreneurs have become increasingly enthusiastic about 'inclusive innovation' which, to solve problems in low- and middle-income countries, focuses on the development of technologies for and by the poor. Inclusive innovation differs from previous development efforts by focusing on devices instead of infrastructure, claiming to be based on scientific evidence, and relying on market logics to achieve humanitarian ends. Proponents argue that, informed by grassroots efforts, these interventions have enormous potential to catalyze economic, social, and political change. How are the market and technological imperatives of inclusive innovation shaping the international development agenda? What do inclusion and innovation mean in this context? What can inclusive innovation tell us about the proliferation of initiatives that promote technology for public good, from responsible innovation to public interest technology? This article examines these questions through a case study of menstrual hygiene management (MHM) innovation in India. Rather than providing solutions to self-evident development problems, inclusive innovation shapes both development problems and solutions simultaneously, in areas where scientific and market ways of knowing converge. These ways of knowing claim to be legitimate because they are rooted in local knowledge and expertise. MHM in India became a problem, and low-cost disposable sanitary pads an inclusive innovative solution, because of the involvement of Indian researchers and innovators, and Indian girls and women as consumers and producers. However, in the process they reinforced narrow understandings of both inclusion and innovation in international development. Inclusion efforts may be wrapped up in political economies that shape and limit their transformational power by prioritizing scientific, technical, and market expertise.

Return on investment framework for profitable crop recommendation system by using optimized multilayer perceptron regressor

<span lang="EN-US">Return on investment (ROI) plays very important role as a financial dimension in the agriculture sector. Many government agencies like Indian space research organization (ISRO), Indian council of agricultural research (ICAR), and Nitiayog are working on different agriculture projects to improve profitability and sustainability. This paper presents ROI framework to recommend more profitable crop to the farmers as per the current market price and demand which is missing in the existing crop recommendation system. Crop price prediction (CPP) and crop yield prediction (CYP) system are integrated in the ROI framework to predict more demandable crop to yield. This framework is designed by applying data analysis to provide regression statistics which further helps for model selection and improve the performance also. Optimized multilayer perceptron regressor algorithm has been evaluated through experimental results and it has been observed that it gives better performance as compared to other existing regression techniques.</span>

Open-access publishing: Boon or bane for Indian medical researchers?

The concept of Open-Access (OA) publishing was initiated in the early 2000s with the idea to provide free, equal, and OA of scientific knowledge to all communities and countries. The article published in an OA journal is freely available on the public internet and permits any users to read, download, copy, distribute, and print. The OA articles are published much sooner and are believed to get more citations than the articles published in subscription-based journals. Since the end-user does not have to pay to read an OA article, the author usually pays Article Processing Charges (APCs) to get his/her work published in OA journals. High APCs of OA journals are usually a serious concern for medical researchers in India, which restricts them to publish in OA journals. Since most OA journals are new, they tend to have low impact factors as compared to subscription-based journals, which prevent many good researchers to get their work published in OA journals. Furthermore, predatory journals exploit the idea of OA and tend to publish poor or very low-quality research papers. This has resulted in distrust among the authors and readers that OA publishing is not peer-reviewed or has low quality. In conclusion, publishing in OA journals has both pros and cons. With the Government of India’s ambitious “One Nation, One Subscription” policy in the pipeline, medical researchers in India are hopeful that soon both access and publishing in scientific journals will be free for all in the country.

Open Access Availability of Indias Scientific Research Funded by National and International Agencies


 Funding has become the most significant element of supportive action for research that has served the research community in numerous ways to improve the advancement and development of society. Scientific research in India is funded by many public and corporate sector institutions and autonomous organisations, NGOs, and regional and international agencies. However, access to publicly funded scientific research literature has been an essential issue of debate among the advocates of the Open Access (OA) movement during the last two decades. This study maps OA availability to India’s research publications funded by national and international agencies. The study applied a scientometric approach using the Scopus database to identify funding research publications available in the OA domain. The findings revealed that 570320 research articles were published by the Indian researchers during 2016-to 2020, of which 150638 (26.41 %) were produced with the financial support of different national and international funding agencies. Of the funded research publications, 44166 (29.32 %) articles were freely available OA to the public with no or fewer restrictions for reuse. Most of the funded research literature is available via green routes of OA, followed by gold and bronze OA. The study also showed that Horizon 2020 and the Ministry of Science, ICT, and Future Planning are the primary funding sources for researchers in India during study period. The study’s findings are helpful for researchers and policymakers to promote OA availability of funded research to researchers for advancing the country’s scientific progress.