Mangifera Indica Research Articles

Investigating intermittent immersion during osmotic dehydration of mango (Mangifera indica L. Moench). Part A: Determination of optimal conditions for mango (Mangifera indica L. Moench) dehydration impregnation by immersion (D2I) and intermittent immersion (D3I)

This work aimed to determine the optimum conditions for dehydration impregnation by immersion (D2I) and by intermittent immersion (D3I) of mango (Mangifera indica) slices measuring 4 × 1 × 1 cm3. To this end, the Doehlert response surface plan was used, with the following factors for D2I: the volume of D2I solution/fruit mass ratio (6/1–13/1 mL/g), the process time (120–360 min) and the Brix degree of the solution (45–65 °Brix) and with the following factors for D3I: immersion time (20–60 min), process time (60–300 min) and de-immersion time (7–25 min). The temperature was fixed according to literature at 35 °C. The optimum responses obtained for the D2I process were (47.63 ± 1.79) g/100 g (w-b) for water loss, and (6.67 ± 1.04) g/100 g (w-b) for solute gain, for optimum operating conditions of 6/1 mL/g; 245 min and 61.6°Brix respectively for the immersion ratio, process time and solute concentration of the hypertonic solution. The optimum responses obtained for D3I process were (47.98 ± 2.12) g/100 g (w-b) for water loss, and (4.31 ± 0.052) g/100 g (w-b) for solute gain (SG), for operating conditions of 21; 270; and 9 min, respectively for immersion time, process time and de-immersion time. The Student's t-test on the predicted and experimental optima of WL and SG revealed valuable insights for comparing these two processes. The present study will undoubtedly introduce a new dynamic to the osmotic dehydration systems for fruits and vegetables.

Identification and Characterization Colletotrichum spp. Causing Mango Dieback in Indonesia.

Dieback disease in mango trees has been observed in Indonesia, particularly in Java Island, with the causal agent remaining unidentified. One of the important pathogens that are responsible for causing mango dieback is Colletotrichum. Field surveys were conducted in various mango cultivating areas in Java Island, Indonesia to assess prevalence of Colletotrichum as dieback disease pathogen. Eleven Colletotrichum isolates were recovered from symptomatic dieback twigs and morphologically characterized. Genetic diversity fingerprint analysis was carried out using rep-PCR. Phylogenetic analysis identified isolates as belonging to Colletotrichum asianum and Colletotrichum cairnsense using partial sequences of four gene regions, including ITS, ACT, GAPDH, and TUB2. Pathogenicity tests on mango seedlings cv. Arumanis showed that all fungal isolates were responsible for causing dieback symptoms. Subsequently, symptomatic tissue was reisolated to fulfill Koch's Postulate. This study represented new funding for two species of Colletotrichum causing mango dieback in Indonesia.

Electrochemical Nanomolar Determination of the Anticancer Drug 5-Fluorouracil Using Chitosan Curcumin Schiff Base-Decorated NiO Nanorods Synthesized with Green Method

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is widely used in the treatment of various cancers, necessitating accurate and sensitive detection techniques. Hybrid materials, combining organic and inorganic components, offer superior electrochemical characteristics, including enhanced conductivity and stability. Herein, NiO nanorods (NiONRs) were synthesized using Mangifera indica leaves extract and decorated with chitosan curcumin analog Schiff base (Cs-Cur-A). The characterization of the NiONRs and Cs-Cur-A were investigated through different techniques including FT-IR, 1HNMR, XRD, SEM, and EDX. A sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor to determine 5-FU was elucidated using a Cs-Cur-A/NiONRs modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The anodic peak current of 5-FU was greatly enhanced at the Cs-Cur-A/NiONRs/GCE with pH 7.0 and a scan rate of 50 mV s−1. According to chronoamperometric measurements, the value of diffusion coefficient (D) was estimated to be 2.96 × 10−6 cm2 s−1. Using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), the fabricated sensor exhibits a wide linear range (0.1–150.0 μM) with a low limit of detection (21.75 nM). Moreover, the proposed sensor was successfully applied to the detection of 5-FU in blood serum and urine samples with high reproducibility, repeatability, and selectivity.

Ethnobotanical insights on the management of plant pests and diseases by smallholder farmers in Mpumalanga Province of South Africa

BackgroundPests and diseases are a major contributor to yield losses in sub-Saharan Africa, prompting smallholder farmers to seek cost-effective, accessible and ecologically friendly alternatives for crop protection. This study explored the management of pests and diseases affecting crops across eight selected villages in Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa.MethodsA total of 120 smallholder farmers were purposefully selected utilising the snowball technique. Information on the management of plant pests and diseases was collected through interviews and focus group discussions using semi-structured interview schedules. Ethnobotanical indices, including relative frequency of citation (RFC), use-value (UV) and informant consensus factor (Fic), were used to quantify and rank the plants used for crop protection in the study area.ResultsTwenty-three plant species (16 naturalised exotics and seven indigenous plants) belonging to 16 families were used for managing pests (vertebrates and invertebrates) and diseases (fungal and bacterial related) affecting crops in the study area. The dominant (100%) crops cultivated by the participants were Allium cepa L., Mangifera indica L., Solanum lycopersicum L. and Zea mays L. The RFC value ranged from 0.08 to 0.83 and the three most popular plants for crop protection were Capsium annuum L. (0.83), A. cepa (0.63) and Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn. (0.43). In terms of the UV, the five most promising plants used as biocontrol were Tulbaghia violacea (0.13), A. cepa (0.12), C. annuum L. (0.09), Solanum campylacanthum Hochst. Ex A.Rich.(0.09) and Pinus pinaster (0.08). Based on the Fic, four categories were established and dominated by fungal diseases (0.64). Furthermore, T. violacea and A. cepa were the most often mentioned plants used against fungal conditions. Other categories cited were bacterial diseases (0.3), invertebrate pests (0.11) and vertebrate pests (0.14), an indication that smallholder farmers had limited agreement or common knowledge about the plants used for their management. The preparation methods included maceration (38%), decoction (38%) and burning (24%). Foliar application (67%) and soil drenching (33%) were used for administering plant extracts during the management of crop pests and diseases.ConclusionThe study highlights the importance of botanicals and associated indigenous knowledge among smallholder farmers in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. It is pertinent to explore the valorisation of these botanicals by generating empirical data on their biological efficacies and phytochemical profiles.

Antimicrobial Efficacy of Mangifera indica, Mentha arvensis, and Chlorhexidine Mouthwashes on Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans in Children: A Comparative In Vivo Study.

Herbal medicines are both promotive and preventive in inhibiting dental caries. Most commonly used natural plant extracts like mango (Mangifera indica) and pudina (Mentha arvensis) as an entire or together are scientifically well proven to be safe and effective against various oral health problems, especially in preventing dental caries and periodontal diseases. The present study aims to comparatively evaluate the effect of Mangifera indica, Mentha arvensis, and Chlorhexidine (CHX) (0.2%) mouthwashes on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Candida albicans (C. albicans) in children. By random allocation, 45 healthy children were selected between the age-group of 7 and 10 years of both genders from a residential school. They were divided into three study groups of 15 in each; group I-CHX (control group), group II-Mangifera indica mouthwash, and group III-Mentha arvensis mouthwash. Stimulated whole saliva sample collected for the amount of colony forming units and cultured for S. mutans and C. albicans. The data was tabulated, and statistical analysis was done with one-way variance analysis of the variance (ANOVA), Tukey's post hoc honestly significant difference (HSD) test, and Bonferroni and Kruskal-Wallis test. Mangifera indica (group II) and Mentha arvensis (group III) showed a significant reduction of salivary counts at baseline, 14th day, and 21st day period and minimal effect on C. albicans for Mangifera indica. Among the three types of mouthwash, the CHX was the most superior; it showed a statistically significant reduction overall. When compared to Mangifera indica with Mentha arvensis, Mentha arvensis showed a statistically significant reduction in S. mutans and C. albicans and had an almost equivocal effect like CHX. Both herbal mouthwashes had a significant reduction in the S. mutans and C. albicans in children. So, it can be considered an active ingredient in mouthwashes. It may serve as a natural antimicrobial mouthwash with no adverse effects. Kajjari S, K VB, Janardhanan S, et al. Antimicrobial Efficacy of Mangifera indica, Mentha arvensis, and Chlorhexidine Mouthwashes on Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans in Children: A Comparative In Vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(S-1):S78-S83.

Updates on some medicinal and ornamental plants- Ayurvedic medicines

This literature review paper highlights morphology, distribution, medicinal properties of commercially important tree species, Thespesia populnea, Terminalia arjuna, Butea monosperma (Palas), Silver oak (Grevillea robusta), Mangifera indica, Madhuca longifolia,Melia azadirachta, Michelia champaca, Moringa oleifera, Peltophorum pterocarpum, and Aegle marmelos. These plants have been used for centuries by local communities and traditional healers for their therapeutic and medicinal properties. Medicinal plants play a crucial role in the Western Ghats, both ecologically and culturally. The use of herbal medicines for the treatment of diseases is safe and traditional. Therefore, medicinal plants have been receiving great attention because of their safety. The Western Ghats harbors more than 7,500 flowering plant species, of which nearly 1,500 are recognized for their medicinal values by local communities and traditional healers. The Western Ghats population traditional medical practices frequently center on using plant-based treatments. These medicinal plants are carefully chosen, and preparation techniques have been perfected through many years of practice. Studies indicated that Mangifera indica possesses antidiabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-viral, cardiotonic, hypotensive, and anti-inflammatory properties. Mango contains Mangiferin, a polyphenolic antioxidant and a glucosyl xanthone, has strong antioxidant, anti lipid peroxidation, immunomodulation, cardiotonic, hypotensive, wound healing, antidegenerative and antidiabetic activities.

A Review of Chronic and Infectious Diseases Potency of Mangifera indica

A Review of Chronic and Infectious Diseases Potency of Mangifera indica

Phytochemical screening, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Mangifera Indica Leaves

Phytochemical screening, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Mangifera Indica Leaves

The effect of water stress on growth and development of mango (Mangifera indica L.) varieties in lower Eastern region of Kenya

The effect of water stress on growth and development of mango (Mangifera indica L.) varieties in lower Eastern region of Kenya

Drivers of High Concentration and Dispersal of PM10 and PM2.5 in the Eastern Part of Chhota Nagpur Plateau, India, Investigated Through HYSPLIT Model and Improvement of Environmental Health Quality

ABSTRACTThe ambient air quality is continuously declining especially in emerging countries because of rapid rate of urbanization, industrialization, and allied activities. Thus, the principal objective of this research is to inspect the spatiotemporal variation of particulate matters and to identify the drivers of pollutant dispersal. The month‐wise PM10 and PM2.5 data of 2022 and 2023 were obtained from the West Bengal Pollution Control Board. Meteorological datasets such as wind speed (m/s) and wind direction (degree) were collected from the NASA power access website. The HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single‐Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) model was applied to identify the pollutant's trajectories. Results showed that Purulia station stood highest in case of absolute AQI 715 (23‐1‐2022 at 7 a.m.), PM2.5 483.47 µg/m3 (23‐1‐2022 at 8 a.m.), and PM10 682.28 µg/m3 (23‐1‐2022 at 7 a.m.), respectively. During winter, the vertical expansion of particles was within the 100‐m boundary layer while during summer, it dispersed vertically and crossed 2000 m above the ground surface due to the combined effect of atmospheric conditions such as wind speed, wind direction, air pressure, and temperature. Moreover, the industrial outputs of Jharkhand and West Bengal play a significant role in elevating the pollution level. Plantation of suitable pollution‐resistant plants including Banyan (Ficus bengalensis), Mango (Mangifera indica), Peepul (Ficus religiosa), Guava (Psidium guajava), Kadam (Neolamarkia cadamba), Neem (Azadirachta indica) is a suitable management technique against pollution in this region.

Glucanases and Chitinases in Mangifera indica: Identification, Classification, Phylogeny, and Expression Analysis of Defense Genes against Colletotrichum spp.

Plant glucanases and chitinases are defense proteins that participate in pathogenesis; however, very little is known about the glucanase (GLUC) and chitinase (CHIT) gene families in mango. Some mango cultivars are of great economic importance and can be affected by anthracnose, a postharvest disease caused by fungi of the genus Colletotrichum spp. This study identified and characterized 23 putative glucanases and 16 chitinases in the mango genome cv. Tommy Atkins. We used phylogenetic analyses to classify the glucanases into three subclasses (A, B, and C) and the chitinases into four classes (I, II, IV, and V). Information on the salicylic, jasmonic acid, and ethylene pathways was obtained by analyzing the cis-elements of the GLUC and CHIT class I and IV gene promoters. The expression profile of GLUC, CHIT class I, and CHIT class IV genes in mango cv. Ataulfo inoculated with two Colletotrichum spp. revealed different profile expression related to these fungi's level of virulence. In general, this study provides the basis for the functional validation of these target genes with which the regulatory mechanisms used by glucanases and chitinases as defense proteins in mango can be elucidated.

Description of Streptomyces siderophoricus sp. nov., a promising nocardamine-producing species isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Mangifera indica.

An actinomycete, designated strain CH9-7T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Mangifera indica. The morphological and chemotaxonomic properties, such as the production of spiral spore chains and the presence of LL-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan, showed that it belongs to the genus Streptomyces. Based on the 16S rRNA gene analysis, it was confirmed that strain CH9-7T was a member of the genus Streptomyces and revealed 99.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to its closest relative strains, Streptomyces lydicus NBRC 13058 T and Streptomyces chattanoogensis NBRC 12754 T. Although the strain showed high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values, however, genome relatedness indexes exhibited that the average nucleotide identity based on the MUMmer (ANIm) algorithm, the average amino acid identity (AAI), and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain CH9-7T and its closest phylogenomic relatives were below the threshold values for delineation of a novel species, (ANIm ranging from 87.5 to 88.6, AAI ranging from 80.6 to 84.6, and dDDH ranging from 28.4 to 31.7), respectively. A taxonomic position of strain CH9-7T in the phylogenomic tree showed that the closest relative strain was S. lydicus NBRC 13058 T. The comparative phenotypic studies between strain CH9-7T and its closest relatives revealed that strain CH9-7T could be classified as a novel species of the genus Streptomyces. Thus, the name Streptomyces siderophoricus sp. nov. is proposed for the strain. The type strain is CH9-7T ( = TBRC 17833 T = NBRC 116426 T). The chemical investigation led to the isolation of four known compounds (compounds 1-4). Among these compounds, compound 1 was identified to be nocardamine, a promising bioactive substance.

Structure of epoxide hydrolase 2 from Mangifera indica throws light on the substrate specificity determinants of plant epoxide hydrolases

Epoxide hydrolases (EHs) are a group of ubiquitous enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis of chemically reactive epoxides to yield corresponding dihydrodiols. Despite extensive studies on EHs from different clades, generic rules governing their substrate specificity determinants have remained elusive. Here, we present structural, biochemical and molecular dynamics simulation studies on MiEH2, a plant epoxide hydrolase from Mangifera indica. Comparative structure-function analysis of nine homologs of MiEH2, which include a few AlphaFold structural models, show that the two conserved tyrosines (MiEH2Y152 and MiEH2Y232) from the lid domain dissect substrate binding tunnel into two halves, forming substrate-binding-pocket one (BP1) and two (BP2). This compartmentalization offers diverse binding modes to their substrates, as exemplified by the binding of smaller aromatic substrates, such as styrene oxide (SO). Docking and molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the linear epoxy fatty acid substrates predominantly occupy BP1, while the aromatic substrates can bind to either BP1 or BP2. Furthermore, SO preferentially binds to BP2, by stacking against catalytically important histidine (MiEH2H297) with the conserved lid tyrosines engaging its epoxide oxygen. Residue (MiEH2L263) next to the catalytic aspartate (MiEH2D262) modulates substrate binding modes. Thus, the divergent binding modes correlate with the differential affinities of the EHs for their substrates. Furthermore, long-range dynamical coupling between the lid and core domains critically influences substrate enantioselectivity in plant EHs.

The genus Acerocephala and observations of the life history of Acerocephala hanuuanamu sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Cerocephalidae) and its bark beetle host on the island of O‘ahu, Hawai‘i

The behavior of Acerocephala hanuuanamusp. nov. found parasitizing Cryphalus brasiliensis under the surface of wood in Ficus microcarpa trees on the island of O‘ahu in Hawai‘i is deduced from observations in naturally occuring branches, and from direct observation using specially designed “phloem sandwich” observation chambers which consist of tree bark peeled through the phloem layer from freshly cut branches and sandwiched between a sheet of aluminum and a sheet of plexiglass. Cryphalus brasiliensis beetles, found living in large numbers in the phloem tissues in F. microcarpa trees, were collected and placed into these chambers. They tunneled into the wood and reproduced, producing an active colony of all life stages. Acerocephala hanuuanamu wasps were then placed into the system and their behavior observed. Typical behavior, aspects of which were recorded in video and still images, was as follows. A female A. hanuuanamu enters the tunnels of the bark beetles. She digs through the debris in the tunnels in a search for larvae and pupae. Cryphalus brasiliensis prepupae construct a hard pupal chamber around themselves before they pupate, and upon encountering a larva in the tunnels or the exterior of a pupal chamber with a pupa inside, she adeptly turns around in the tunnel to sting it, either inserting her ovipositor directly into the larva or by laboriously pushing it through the hard shell of the pupal chamber. When finished stinging, she withdraws her ovipositor slowly and carefully, often extracting tissue from the beetle immature as a sheath around her ovipositor. This structure remains projecting from the larva or pupa, and then the wasp turns around and host feeds through this structure, in the case of a pupa at a substantial distance through the wall of the pupal chamber. Oviposition occurs on larval stages and pupal stages. The egg hatches and the larva develops as an ectoparasitoid on the beetle. When finished feeding, it detaches and pupates in the tunnel. Mating behavior is also described. In addition to C. brasiliensis in F. microcarpa, A. hanuuanamu was also observed attacking Cryphalus mangiferae in mango (Mangifera indica) branches. Acerocephala ihulenasp. nov. was also found on O‘ahu parasitizing Eidophelus pacificus in hau (Hibiscus tiliaceus) branches, and is described. The genus Acerocephala is revised given the perspective resulting from these two new species and aspects of functional morphology observed in the behavioral studies, Acerocephala indicacomb. nov. is transferred to the genus, and a key to the genus is provided.

The mite Dentocarpus silvai (Acari, chirodiscidae) as a parasite of the bat Molossus molossus (Chiroptera, molossidae) in southeastern Brazil

ABSTRACT Factors that influence the parasite load in a host bat include sex, age, reproductive condition, health, and body condition. Among the ectoparasitic mites found on bats, species from the family Chirodiscidae are commonly observed on molossid bats. This study aimed to analyse the parasitism of Dentocarpus silvai on Molossus molossus in two roosts, discussing the ecology of the host–ectoparasite relationship. We sampled a colony of M. molossus sheltering in the roof lining of a house and in the hollow of a Mangifera indica tree located on Itacuruçá Island, Rio de Janeiro state, southeastern Brazil. A total of 495 D. silvai were collected from 176 M. molossus. Parasitological indices (mean intensity and prevalence) were higher in the tree hollow than in the roof lining, with females being more heavily parasitized than males. Among the six models evaluated, bat abundance best explained the variation in the number of mites. The dispersal success and infestation of D. silvai are associated with roost commuting by individuals (mainly females) of M. molossus that favours the infestation of new bats, which may extend the parasite occurrence. The present study is the first to analyse the infestation of D. silvai on a host species.

Investigating the Effects of Bamboo Vinegar as An Organic Pesticide on Insect Pests and the Nutrient Content of Harumanis Mango (MA128), Mangifera indica L.

Chemical pesticides have been widely used in plantations, and their effects have more disadvantages to the environment as well as to humans. Therefore, this study tries to implement organic pesticides using bamboo vinegar. Bamboo vinegar is one of the organic pesticides to control insect pests in plantation crops. The role of this organic pesticide on the insect pests of Harumanis mango is still unknown. Hence, this study aims to determine the impact of applying bamboo vinegar on the insect pests, quality, and nutrient content of Harumanis mango (MA128). Bamboo vinegar was applied in February 2021 during the flowering phase at the Harumanis plot in the Plantation Unit, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis. This study used a randomized complete block design with three treatments (spraying intervals) and three replications: T1 (3-day interval), T2 (5-day interval), and T3 (no bamboo vinegar). Sticky traps were installed to determine the population of insect pests in Harumanis mango. Matured fruits have been harvested, and the standard procedure of Harumanis mango postharvest handling has been followed. Then, the fruits were determined for total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), vitamin C, and sugar content. Bamboo vinegar significantly reduced the abundance of insects in Harumanis mango. Additionally, the highest TPC was observed from a 3-day interval of bamboo vinegar application. A similar trend was indicated for improving TFC with bamboo vinegar application. Similarly, there was a significantly higher vitamin C and sugar content after bamboo vinegar application compared to the control group. In conclusion, applying bamboo vinegar to Harumanis mango reduced insect pests and increased the quality and nutrient content of the Harumanis mango.

Roles of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Mangifera indica L. in Promoting Plant Growth.

Endophytic fungi have been shown to synthesize bioactive secondary metabolites, some of which promote plant growth through various mechanisms. In our previous study, endophytic fungi were isolated from mango trees (Mangifera indica L.). The present study examined fifty endophytic fungal isolates for mineral solubilization activity, ammonia production, and siderophore production. It was shown that these isolates could produce phytohormones indole-3-acetic acid and gibberellic acid, as well as inhibit plant pathogens, specifically Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Lasiodiplodia theobromae. The results showed that all the isolated fungal endophytes exhibited various activities. Based on the findings, two fungal endophytes-Aureobasidium pullulans CY.OS 13 and Aspergillus tamarii CY.OS 144-were selected for dual inoculation in chili plants under pot-scale conditions to investigate their potential to improve growth-related traits such as seed germination, shoot and root length, biomass, and chlorophyll content. Seed treated with A. pullulans CY.OS 13 and/or A. tamarii CY.OS 144 showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in seed germination and growth parameters of chili plants grown under pot-scale conditions. Particularly, chili plants whose seeds were injected with a combination of the two selected endophytic fungi showed the highest plant development traits. Therefore, the selected endophytic fungi have the potential to be used as biofertilizers, especially when combined. They could eventually replace chemical fertilizers because they are environmentally friendly, beneficial to humans, and can even promote sustainable agriculture.

Evaluating the potential of 1-methylcyclopropene treatments on physicochemical properties, bioactive compounds, and shelf life of mango fruits under different storage conditions

The effect of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatments and storage conditions in the regulation of the physicochemical and bioactive properties of mango fruits (Mangifera indica L. cv. BARI-4) were investigated during storage. Different concentrations of 1-MCP treated samples (T0 = Control, T1 = 0.5 μL/L, T2 = 1.0 μL/L, T3 = 1.5 μL/L, and T4 = 2.0 μL/L) were stored in developed storage structure (10±1 °C and 90 % RH), cold storage (3 ± 1 °C and 80 ± 2 % RH), and ambient storage (29 ± 3 °C and 65 ± 2 % RH). The change in fruit quality including weight loss, firmness, surface color, storage life, chemical, and bioactive properties were studied periodically at 10, 20, 30 and 40 days of storage. The results demonstrated that 1-MCP treatment effectively maintained the quality of fruits by retarding the loss of weight, firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), and titratable acidity, which were served as a quality parameter during storage. The 1-MCP treatment dramatically delayed the change in color, quality measures, and bioactive properties compared to the control group. The storage condition greatly influenced the postharvest quality value and storage life. In combination with the developed storage structure and 1-MCP treatment preserved the acceptability of fruits to a great extent for around 40 days. The T2 = 1.0 μL/L 1-MCP treatment preserved the fruit quality for the highest days of storage 14, 34, and 46 days in ambient storage, cold storage, and develop storage structure respectively. The developed storage structure (10 ± 1 °C and 90 % RH) with 1-MCP (1.0 μL/L) treatment suggested the optimum storage ability for preserving the postharvest storage life of mango fruits. By implementing these findings mango growers and suppliers can reduce post-harvest losses, expand market reach, and provide consumers with high-quality mangoes that retain their quality for an extended period.

In Vivo Glycemic Response of Fruit-Based Mango (Mangifera indica) and Pineapple (Ananas comosus) Bars in In Vitro and In Silico Enzyme Inhibitory Effects Studies.

The habitual consumption of snacks has the potential to enrich or harm the diet. They can contribute to excessive caloric intake and hyperglycemia. Thus, there is an increasing interest in snacks with health-promoting properties. This study aimed to demonstrate the beneficial effect of two fruit-based bars on glucose levels through in vitro, in vivo, and in silico assays. Mango (Mangifera indica L.) and pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) bars (MB and PB) were prepared, and chemical composition, postprandial glycemic response, glycemic index (GI), and glycemic load (GL) were evaluated. The inhibitory effect of fruit bar extracts on α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity and their respective molecular docking was assessed. MB and PB showed the lowest postprandial glycemic response vs. the control bar (p < 0.005), a lower GI (CB: 64.20, PB: 53.20, MB: 40.40), and a GL of 10.9 (CB), 7.9 (PB), and 6.1 (MB), (p < 0.05). MB and PB showed the highest inhibition % of α-amylase (61.44 and 59.37%, respectively) and α-glucosidase (64.97 and 64.57%). Naringenin (-1692.5985 and -2757.674 kcal/mol) and ferulic acid (-1692.8904 and -2760.3513 kcal/mol) exhibited more favorable interaction energies against α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity. The presence of polyphenols from the fruit influenced enzymatic inhibition. Likewise, the dietary fiber in the bars evaluated allowed us to observe a positive effect that favors glycemic control, making them a healthy alternative for snacking.

Development and antioxidant evaluation of mango leaf (Mangifera indica L.) extract loaded silk fibroin nanoparticles

The main antioxidant polyphenol compounds in the mango (Mangifera indica L.) leaf extract are susceptible to environmental degradations. Thus, in biomedical applications, the mango leaf extract is commonly encapsulated in a carrier. However, most studies employed the synthetic carrier materials that could affect the human health, and the complicated formulation procedure that could hinder the scalability. Therefore, this work, for the first time, explored the use of silk fibroin (an FDA-approved biomaterial), in nanoparticles platform, to encapsulate and deliver the mango leaf extract, utilizing the simple coacervation preparation method. Initially, the mango leaf ethanolic extract was obtained through maceration, resulting in a total phenolic content of 76.39 ± 0.14 mg GAE/g DPW and a notably high antioxidant activity (IC50 = 6.872 ± 0.512 μg/mL). Subsequently, silk fibroin nanoparticles loaded with the extract were developed by the coacervation technique. Depending on the fibroin content, these nanoparticles exhibited an appropriate size range of 500–800 nm with narrow size distributions, a spherical shape with smooth surfaces, a dominant silk-II crystalline structure, a drug entrapment efficiency exceeding 70%, and retained the main biomarker mangiferin. Moreover, the phenolic-compounds release profiles from the particles followed the three-step process, the first burst-release step, the second sustained-release step, and the third degradation step. The particles were also non-toxic to the erythrocytes and the human embryonic kidney HEK-293 cell line. Lastly, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay demonstrated that the antioxidant activity of the mango leaf extract was preserved within the extract-loaded nanoparticles. The results suggested that the silk fibroin nanoparticles could be a potential platform to effectively encapsulate and deliver the mango leaf extract for biomedical purposes.