Indian Diabetes Risk Score Research Articles

Utilization of Indian diabetes risk score (IDRS) in steroid-induced diabetes

Utilization of Indian diabetes risk score (IDRS) in steroid-induced diabetes

Comparison of IDRS and ADA Diabetes Risk Assessment Tools Reveals Different Rsk Score in Same Population: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: To identify individuals at high risk of developing type2 diabetes (T2DM), use of a validated risk-assessment tool is currently recommended. Nevertheless, recent studies have shown that risk scores that are developed in the same country can lead to different results of an individual. The Objective of study was to reveal whether two different risk-assessment tools predict similar or dissimilar high-risk score in same population. Method: This cross-sectional analytical study was carried upon 336 non-diabetic adults visiting the outpatient department (OPD) of Medicine, MARKS Medical College & Hospital, Bangladesh from October 2018 to March 2019. Woman having previous history of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) were also included. Both the Indian Diabetes risk Score (IDRS) and the American Diabetes (ADA) Risk Score questionnaire were used to collect the data on demographic and clinical characteristics, different risk factors of an individual subject, and to calculate predicted risk score for developing T2DM. Results: Among 336 subjects, 53.6% were female. The mean (±SD) age of the study subjects was 38.25±1.12 years. The average IDRS predicted risk score of developing T2DM was more in female subjects than male [p<0.05]. Whereas the ADA predicted increased risk score of developing type 2 diabetes was more in male subjects than female (p<0.05). IDRS categorized 37.2 % of individuals at high risk for developing diabetes; [p=0.10], while the ADA risk tool categorized 20.2% subjects in high risk group; [p<0.001]. Conclusions: The results indicate that risk for developing type 2 diabetes varies considerably according to the scoring system used. To adequately prevent T2DM, risk scoring systems must be validated for each population considered.

Effectiveness of Yoga Lifestyle on Lipid Metabolism in a Vulnerable Population-A Community Based Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Dyslipidemia poses a high risk for cardiovascular disease and stroke in Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). There are no studies on the impact of a validated integrated yoga lifestyle protocol on lipid profiles in a high-risk diabetes population. Methods: Here, we report the results of lipid profile values of 11,254 (yoga 5932 and control 5322) adults (20–70 years) of both genders with high risk (≥60 on Indian diabetes risk score) for diabetes from a nationwide rural and urban community-based two group (yoga and conventional management) cluster randomized controlled trial. The yoga group practiced a validated integrated yoga lifestyle protocol (DYP) in nine day camps followed by daily one-hour practice. Biochemical profiling included glycated hemoglobin and lipid profiles before and after three months. Results: There was a significant difference between groups (p < 0.001 ANCOVA) with improved serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein in the yoga group compared to the control group. Further, the regulatory effect of yoga was noted with a significant decrease or increase in those with high or low values of lipids, respectively, with marginal or no change in those within the normal range. Conclusion: Yoga lifestyle improves and regulates (lowered if high, increased if low) the blood lipid levels in both genders of prediabetic and diabetic individuals in both rural and urban Indian communities.

Abstract #978492: To Access the Risk of Developing Diabetes Among the First Degree Adult Relatives of Patients with TYPE 2 DM using Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS)

India has the second largest population of diabetics in the world. About 50% of the diabetic subjects in India remain unaware of their diabetes status. Evidence suggest that the detection of subjects having high risk of developing diabetes in future can help to intercept or delay the onset of diabetes and associated vascular complications. This study was planned to access the risk of developing diabetes among first degree asymptomatic adult relatives of patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

A cross-sectional study to assess diabetic risk using Indian diabetic risk score among the urban population of Perambalur, South India

Background: Various studies from the urban population shows people are more susceptible to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus. Since the cause of diabetes is multifactorial it is necessary to screen the population to identify high-risk individuals. The objective of the study was to estimate the risk of developing type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) using the Indian diabetes risk score (IDRS) and its determinants in the urban field practicing area of the medical college in Perambalur district.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in an urban field practicing area of Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Medical College and Hospital in Perambalur district. 400 participants of age more than 20 years enrolled in this study. IDRS risk score and data on other risk factors were obtained for every individual. Data entry was done in Excel and statistical analysis was done with SPSS version 16.Results: In our study, the proportion of male and female were almost equal. One-third of the participants 124 (31%) had a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Similarly, half of them 188 (47%) were at moderate risk and 88 (22%) had a low risk for diabetes. Statistically, a significant association was seen between high risk for T2DM and increased age, positive family history, Low socioeconomic status, living as a nuclear family, habits of smoking/Alcohol, and sedentary lifestyle.Conclusions: The risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus among the urban population is rising trends. For effective screening of the general population, IDRS can be used.

Vulnerability toward the development of diabetes mellitus type 2 among adults from a rural community of West Bengal, India

PurposeIndia has over half a million diabetics, with many others at risk. The Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) is a simple and validated tool used for mass screening of diabetes mellitus type 2 at the community level. This study assessed the vulnerability of developing diabetes in adults of a rural community of West Bengal using the IDRS and finds out the relationship of the risk of developing diabetes with socioclinical variables.Design/methodology/approachMulti-stage sampling was employed to select one eligible nondiabetic adult from selected families residing in the rural field practice area of a medical college in West Bengal. They were interviewed with a predesigned and pretested data collection schedule and examined.FindingsAmong 197 participants, 83.8% were female, 51.8% were illiterate and 57.4% came from Class IV of Prasad's socioeconomic scale. Of participants, 22.8% had existing known morbidities, and 23.9% had some form of substance addiction. In total, 46.8% of the participants on whom the IDRS could be applied (n = 175) were at high risk of developing diabetes (Score = 60). Gender and existing comorbidities significantly predicted a high risk of diabetes.Originality/valueA large proportion of the Indian population yet to be diagnosed with diabetes are at a high risk of having the disease. Early detection of the disease can help curtail its complications and reduce its clinical, social and economic burden. Mass screening tools like the IDRS thus become a very important tool in India's attempts to fight diabetes.

Awareness Regarding Diabetes Mellitus among General Population of Banepa Municipality

Background Diabetes is a silent disease and many people with diabetes may become aware of it only after life-threatening complications. The presence of knowledge of diabetes could contribute in early diagnosis and minimize the occurrence of complications. Hence, healthcare and public policy makers are putting extensive efforts to aware them on diabetes.&#x0D; Objective To assess the level of diabetes knowledge and its risk among the general public of Banepa municipality.&#x0D; Method A Cross sectional study was conducted to assess the awareness about diabetes among the general public of Banepa municipality. During the period of November 2019 to January 2020, 273 respondents of Banepa municipality were included with informed consent. Data was collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire through one-to-one interviews. Indian Diabetes risk score (IDRS) was used to identify the risk of diabetes among them that consists of four elements i.e. age, abdominal obesity, physical activity, and family history. Data entry and analysis was done using SPSS version 20.&#x0D; Result It was found that 61.9% had a higher level of knowledge of diabetes. IDRS score shows more than half percent (53.5%) of respondents were in high risk, 39.2% were in medium risk and 7.3% were in low risk.&#x0D; Conclusion This study implies that there was good knowledge about diabetes among people. However, the majority of them are at risk for developing diabetes in future which may be due to lack of practical implication of knowledge. It reflects the necessity to educate and reinforce the public regarding prevention of diabetes which further postpones its complications.

Comparative Assessment of ADA, IDRS, and FINDRISC in Predicting Prediabetes and Diabetes Mellitus in South Indian Population

Introduction Diabetes risk-screening tools are validated and implemented across various countries. There is a need for improvement in these risk scores with suitable modifications so as to make them more sensitive, specific, and suitable to the local population. Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of the Indian diabetes risk score (IDRS), the American diabetic association (ADA) risk score, and the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score in healthy subjects of South Indian origin in predicting the risk of diabetes and to correlate these risk scores with the blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels in the study population. Materials and Methods A total of 160 subjects attending the master health checkup/outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital were included in the study. Each subject was asked to fill a questionnaire. Details obtained using the questionnaire were assessed as per the three diabetic risk scores. Fasting blood sugar/random blood sugar and HbA1c were estimated. Statistical Analysis Used Data analysis was done using SPSS 22/23. Pearson correlation was used to compare continuous variables, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and Mitchell’s clinical utility indices were calculated for each risk tool. Results We found the prevalence of diabetes to be 11.9%. ADA risk score was the only risk score that showed a statistically significant difference ( p -value = 0.05) between the low- and high-risk subjects. Conclusions ADA or IDRS risk scores can be used for screening diabetes in the South Indian population. We suggest that inclusion of the history of gestational diabetes and hypertension in the IDRS risk score might improve its sensitivity as a screening tool in our local population.

Validation of Indian Diabetes Risk Score for Screening Prediabetes in West Tripura District of India.

Background:Viswanathan Mohan and his team have developed “Indian Diabetes Risk Score” (IDRS) for identifying the Indians at risk for developing diabetes and prediabetes. Due to heterogeneity of Indian population, this risk score needs further validation in different parts across the country.Objectives:The objective is to estimate the sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values of IDRS for screening prediabetes in West Tripura District.Methodology:It was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in West Tripura district during January 1, 2018–December 31, 2019 among 325 self-declared nondiabetic individuals, selected by multistage sampling. Fasting blood sugar value was used as the gold standard to validate IDRS. Data were collected using a validated and pretested interview schedule. Data entry and analysis were performed in computer using SPSS-24. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to validate IDRS.Results:Among the study individuals, 19% and 6.5% were identified as prediabetic and diabetics, respectively. Optimum sensitivity of 83.13% and specificity of 82.64%, with positive and negative predictive values 62.16% and 93.45%, respectively, were observed at an IDRS score of ≥60 for identifying prediabetes and diabetes in this study population. IDRS showed good accuracy with an area under ROC curve of 0.832 (95% confidence interval: 0.77–0.88).Conclusion:IDRS is found to be a valid tool for screening prediabetes at community level in West Tripura district of India.

Assessment of risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in tuberculosis patients using Indian diabetes risk score in rural area of Chittoor district: A cross-sectional study

Assessment of risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in tuberculosis patients using Indian diabetes risk score in rural area of Chittoor district: A cross-sectional study

Confronting the potential role of Yoga in the molecular profile of rural high-risk women for Diabetes: a pilot study

Background and purpose: Yoga has been shown to have established beneficial impact through many previous studies. The mind-body practices like Yoga have an ameliorating effect on diabetes and prediabetes. The majority of prior published literature focused their attention on the glucose parameters in diabetic and prediabetic pathology. The purpose of the present pilot study is to explore the effect of AYUSH-approved Diabetic Yoga Protocol (DYP) on selected angiogenesis and neurogenesis markers in high-risk rural women for Diabetes. Methods: Total 15 high-risk women for Diabetes were selected from rural area of Chandigarh, for a 3-month DYP intervention. The pre-post single group experimental research design was implemented in the study. The changes in angiogenesis, neurogenesis parameters, and leptin were assessed at baseline and after 3 months after DYP intervention. Results: The result of the present study revealed that after 3 months of DYP intervention the statistically significant improvements were noticed on serum VEGF levels (p = 0.039). The improvements in angiogenin and BDNF levels were also seen after DYP practice. Conclusion: The results highlight the potential role of DYP on cellular growth and neuronal survival. Keywords: Diabetic Yoga Protocol, Indian Diabetes Risk Score, Prediabetes, angiogenesis, neurogenesis.

A Prospective Study on Type-2 Diabetic Complications and Efficacy of Integrated Yoga: A Pan India 2017.

Background:Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) contributes to high mortality and morbidity because of its major complications related to kidney, heart, brain, and eyes. It also poses a high risk for mortality because of COVID-19. Studies suggest the possible implications of Yoga in delaying or attenuating such complications.Methodology:This was a pan-India multi centered cluster-randomized (4 level) two-armed trial in the rural and urban population of all populous states of India. Data were obtained using mobile app in all adults in the household of the selected clusters.Results:We report the diabetes related complications in 16623 adults (48% males, 52% females) from 65 districts (1 in 10 districts, 2011 census) of 29 (out of 35) states and Union Territories of India; mean age was 48.2 ± 12.46 years. Out of this 40% lived in rural and 62% in urban locations. In high risk diabetes individuals (scored ≥ 60 points on Indian diabetes risk score key), 18.0% had self-reported history of (peripheral neuropathy, 6.1% had h/o major strokes, 5.5% had minor strokes (transient ischemic episodes), 18.1% had lower limb claudication, 20.5% leg ulcers, 4.4% had h/o cardiac surgery, 4.8% angioplasty, and 15.1% had diabetes retinopathy. Complications were higher in rural than in urban areas, higher in people with extended duration of diabetes. Integrated yoga module for three months (one hour daily) showed significantly better reduction in symptoms related to complications as compared to control group (P < .001)Conclusion:The alarming high prevalence of complications in diabetes population calls for urgent action, where yoga may show the benefits in reduction of symptoms of complications.

Screening for Diabetes Mellitus risk using Indian Diabetic risk score in an urban slum in Mysuru

Globalization of risk factors is the new trend leading to non-communicable diseases and Diabetes ranks fourth. Diabetes owes its major importance to the fact that it is a silent killer which leads to serious sequel reducing the quality of life. Early detection of diabetes by suitable screening methods helps to delay the micro and macrovascular complications, thereby reducing the clinical, social, and economic burden of the diseases. To assess diabetes risk using IDRS and other associated factors. A cross-sectional study was done in an urban slum in Mysuru with 136 participants aged &gt;18 years and no history of diabetes. Data was collected using a pre-designed questionnaire after taking written informed consent. Diabetes risk was assessed using MDRF’s IDRS. Data was entered in MS Excel and analysed using IBM SPSS v24. P&lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant. Mean age of the study participants was 45.24±15.59 years. BPL card holders were 99 (72.8%). As per IDRS 49 (36.0%), 41 (30.1%) and 46 (33.8%) had a low, moderate and high risk for diabetes mellitus. Age, marital status, education, having BPL card and IDRS score of study participants were statistically significantly associated. According to IDRS 49 (36.0%), 41 (30.1%) and 46 (33.8%) had a low, moderate and high risk for diabetes mellitus, which is moderate to high. Measures like yoga and creating awareness about risk factors need to be taken to reduce the risk. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; IDRS; risk factor

Prevalence of Diabetes and Its Determinants in the Young Adults Indian Population-Call for Yoga Intervention.

BackgroundThe young Indian population, which constitutes 65% of the country, is fast adapting to a new lifestyle, which was not known earlier. They are at a high risk of the increasing burden of diabetes and associated complications. The new evolving lifestyle is not only affecting people’s health but also mounting the monetary burden on a developing country such as India.AimWe aimed to collect information regarding the prevalence of risk of diabetes in young adults (<35 years) in the 29 most populous states and union territories (7 zones) of India, using a validated questionnaire.MethodsA user-friendly questionnaire-based survey using a mobile application was conducted on all adults in the 29 most populous states/union territories of India, after obtaining ethical clearance for the study. Here, we report the estimation of the prevalence of the risk of diabetes and self-reported diabetes on 58,821 young individuals below the age of 35 years. Risk for diabetes was assessed using a standardized instrument, the Indian diabetes risk score (IDRS), that has 4 factors (age, family history of diabetes, waist circumference, and physical activity). Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to check the correlations.ResultsThe prevalence of high (IDRS score > 60), moderate (IDRS score 30–50), and low (IDRS < 30) diabetes risk in young adults (<35 years) was 10.2%, 33.1%, and 56.7%, respectively. Those with high-risk scores were highest (14.4%) in the Jammu zone and lowest (4.1%) in the central zone. The prevalence of self-reported diabetes was 1.8% with a small difference between men (1.7%) and women (1.9%), and the highest (8.4%) in those with a parental history of diabetes. The south zone had the highest (2.5%), and the north west zone had the lowest (4.4%) prevalence.ConclusionsIndian youth are at high risk for diabetes, which calls for an urgent action plan through intensive efforts to promote lifestyle behavior modifications during the pandemics of both communicable and noncommunicable diseases.

Risk of Developing T2DM among Students of Graduation and Undergraduation Courses in Andhra Pradesh: An Evaluation using Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS)

Risk of Developing T2DM among Students of Graduation and Undergraduation Courses in Andhra Pradesh: An Evaluation using Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS)

Prevalence of prediabetes, and diabetes in Chandigarh and Panchkula region based on glycated haemoglobin and Indian diabetes risk score.

There is a rapid increase in the prevalence of diabetes in India. We wanted to review the status of prediabetes and diabetes in the combined population of Chandigarh and Panchkula region based on both Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) and Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c). A total of 1215 subjects were recruited during the screening process, out of which 444 i subjects have been analysed for the current study on the basis of high risk for IDRS (≥60) and their known diabetes status. This study included 431 subjects having high risk for IDRS (≥60) and 13 known subjects with diabetes (IDRS < 60) which were further analysed for biochemical and anthropometric parameters. The prevalence of diabetes was found to be 12.67% and prediabetes 11.69% in the combined population of Chandigarh and Panchkula. There was an increased level of fasting blood glucose (183.12 ± 68.61), postprandial blood glucose (262.57 ± 96.92), triglyceride (193.84 ± 119.88), very low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL) (34.87 ± 15.42) and High Density Lipoprotein(HDL) (4.61 ± 1.39) in the said diabetes population. Mean HDL was found to be decreased in subjects having diabetes. Glucose‐induced lipid intolerance study revealed significant alteration in triglyceride, HDL and VLDL. The study has revealed that high prevalence of diabetes in the sampled population when compared with the national average of 8.8%.

A cross sectional study on assessment of risk of diabetes mellitus using Indian diabetic risk score in a medical college teaching hospital

The objective of the study was to evaluate the risk of diabetes mellitus in elderlywith age above 20 years in a hospital setting using Indian Diabetes risk score and to provide patient counselling regarding their life style modifications and health related quality of life among participants with high risk of developing diabetes.A total of 125 non diabetic patients were interviewed with a pre designed selfstructured questionnaire (IDRS). Participants were chosen voluntarily and a written consent was obtained before the administration of the questionnaire from individual patients. In our study we observed that out of 125 patients,males 26[59%]and 18[41%] females were at high risk, males 39[58.2%] and 28[41.8%] females were at moderate risk, males 5[35.7%] and 9[64.3%] females were at low risk of developing diabetes mellitus.

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Estimation of Cardiometabolic Risk Prediction Profile Without Known Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases in a Southern Gujarat Population

The prevalence of cardiometabolic disorders (CMDs) is increasing all around the world especially in India. The CMDs are a cluster of abnormalities linked to insulin resistance and high risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). To estimate cardiometabolic risk prediction profile without known CVDs and metabolic disorders in a southern Gujarat population, a prospective cross-sectional study conducted in the rural areas of south Gujarat for 6 months. Undiagnosed subjects with age 20–80 years were included in the study, and the information regarding anthropometric measurements, sociodemographic details, socioeconomic status, blood pressure and fasting blood glucose was collected to estimate cardiometabolic risk using the Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) and WHO CVDs risk chart. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to assess cardiometabolic risk factors. For diabetes risk, amongst 200 respondents, 103 (51.5%) subjects were having moderate risk followed by 61 (30.5%) and 36 (18%) having high and low risk respectively. For CVD risk, as per SBP vs. BMI, the majority of the subjects (151, 75.5%) were found with low risk followed by moderate risk (33, 16.5%) and high risk (16, 8%) whereas for CVD risk, as per SBP vs. blood glucose, the highest number of subjects was found with low risk (172, 86%), followed by moderate risk (16, 8%) and high risk (12, 6%). Our study suggests that the IDRS and WHO CVD prediction charts are a convenient and affordable screening tool for the assessment of diabetes and CVD mortality risk, respectively, in the settings where limited resources are available.

Comparison of IDRS, ADA and FINDRISC Diabetes Risk Assessment Tools: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Background To identify individuals at high risk of developing type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), use of a validated risk-assessment tool is currently recommended. A simple risk-assessment scoring system for early screening of T2DM will be beneficial to identify the high-risk adults and thus taking adequate preventive measures in combating DM. It is under-reported, whether a different risk tool alters the predicted risk of an individual. Aim The aim of this study was to examine the results of three commonly used validated risk-assessment tools when applied to the same population. Method This cross-sectional analytical study was carried upon randomly sampled 602 non-diabetic adults visiting the outpatient department (OPD) of a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh from January to December 2019. Subjects having previous history of high blood glucose during pregnancy or other health examination were also included. With written informed consent, the Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS), American Diabetes (ADA) Risk Score and Finish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) questionnaires were used to calculate predicted risk score for developing T2DM within 10 years. Results Among 602 subjects, 55.0 % were female. The mean (±SD) age of the study subjects was 38.56 ±1.13 years. IDRS categorized the highest proportion (38.2 %) of individuals at ‘high risk’ followed by ADA (22.4 %) and finally, the FINDRISC (8.6 %); [p<0.05]. Conclusions The adoption of a different valid risk assessment tool can alter the predicted risk of an individual. To adequately prevent type2 diabetes, risk scoring systems must be validated for each population considered.