Quantitative Assessment Index Research Articles

Investigation of the Stability Mechanism of Stimulus-Responsive Wormlike Micelle-CO2 Foams in the Oil Phase.

Foam flooding is an important tool for reservoir development. This study aims to further investigate the interaction between stimulus-responsive wormlike micelle (WLM)-CO2 foams and crude oil. We performed micromorphology experiments as our major studies and used molecular dynamics simulations as an auxiliary tool for interfacial analysis. We utilized foam generation, liquid separation, and defoaming as the entry points of experimental research and energy as the quantitative assessment index to investigate the dynamic process of the action of different oil contents and oil phase types in a DOAPA@NaSal-H+ foam system. We also examined the role of NaSal in the generation and development of the foam system. Results indicated that the law of crude oil's effect on foam could be summarized as "low contents are beneficial and high contents are harmful." In addition, although the DOAPA@NaSal-H+ foam system has high compatibility for saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons, it is highly suitable for application in reservoir environments with relatively high asphaltene and resin contents. Through combined experimental and simulation approaches, we clarified the law governing the stability of the DOAPA@NaSal-H+ foam system in different oil-containing environments, identified the key role of NaSal, and provided a reference for the targeted application of the DOAPA@NaSal-H+ foam system in different oil reservoirs.

Public health risk assessment and speciation of air-borne microorganisms in an office building

This study focuses on speciation of air borne microbes in an office building and health impacts of these microbes in terms of Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA), Hazard Quotient (HQ) and Hazard Index (HI). This is important in the wake of Sustainability Development Goal 3 (Public Health and well-being) specially when there is a lack of standards in terms of microbial air quality in office buildings where people spend 8–10 h indoors. Air borne bacterial and fungal species in different floors of the office building with varying occupancy and work profile were identified. The load of bacterial count on an average for the entire building was found to be 1917 CFU/m3. Overall, Gram-positive bacteria were predominant (>53%). Based on V3–V4 sequencing Staphylococcus scuiri (causing UTIs) was the most abundant (93.7%) and other bacterial species found were Lactobacillus hamsteri, Prevotella copri, Bacteroides plebeius Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bacillus coagulans (gut commensals), Shigella boydii (causes bacillary dysentery), and Propionibacterium acnes (acne producing). Fungal load was 4000 CFU/m3. Based on ITS sequencing Aspergillus (45.6%) was the dominant fungus and other fungi found were Cunninghamella, Lichtheimia, Fusarium, and Circinella Grammothele, Chondrostereum, and Pseudolagarobasidium, Candida sp., Chondrostereum, Sarocladium. The QMRA of gram-negative air borne bacteria showed a high disease burden, well over the WHO benchmark values even though Hazard Quotient (HQ) and Hazard Index (HI) was found to be negligible. These findings can contribute to the development of guidelines for seemingly safe workplaces that may harbour disease-causing microbes and calls for an immediate attention from policy makers as it is a major cause of concern for public health.

Development on risk assessment model of urban ventilation based on COVID-19 pollution——A case study of an innovation base in Chongqing

Numbers of constructions have emerged due to the continuous urbanization process and the diversity of building clusters. Meanwhile, frequent global epidemics, such as COVID-19, have raised higher requirements for efficient urban ventilation. Traditional building design is insufficient to quantitatively consider the rationality of urban ventilation and corresponding risk assessments. This study carries out urban safety ventilation research and provides risk assessment models by using simulation and mathematical induction based on on-site measurement data, to realize accurate evaluation of disturbance of building clusters in urban environment, taking an Innovation Base in Chongqing as an example. The Amplification Coefficients on Urban Disturbance (ACUD) of the Innovation Base are respectively σ1 = 0.047 representing safe evacuation distance for ventilation of new buildings downstream, σ2 = 0.403 representing origin airflow disturbance retreat of new buildings, σ3 = 1.261 representing the control range of skyline design, and σ4 = 4.381 representing urban canopy ventilation boundary. The Comprehensive Risk Coefficient (CRC) of the Innovation Base in the horizontal & vertical direction of CRCh = 17.88 and CRCv = 102.97 is obtained indicating the infection risk of residents in the vertical direction is 5.76 times greater than that in the horizontal direction. The Comprehensive Pollution Disturbance (CPD) is 1.70692*10−19 kg/m3 which can be regarded as the quantitative risk assessment index of the Innovation Base under large public health safety events. This study contributes to effective support of architectural and urban design facing safe ventilation, providing theoretical support for the risk assessments, the resident control and anti-epidemic policies for both governments and residents during the worldwide epidemic situation.

Evaluation the Information Security Management System: A Path Towards ISO 27001 Certification

This study addresses the urgent need for robust data security by evaluating the Information Security Management System (ISMS) of a private contractor poised for ISO 27001 certification. It introduces the context of pervasive data breaches that necessitate stringent security measures. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research method combines the KAMI index for quantitative maturity assessment with qualitative insights from staff interviews and literature reviews. The results reveal the contractor's ISMS maturity at levels I+ to II, indicating a shortfall in meeting the ISO 27001 benchmark. The discussion highlights the efficacy of the PDCA cycle in ISMS implementation, but also underscores the imperative for enhancements to fulfill certification requirements.

On-farm water energy food carbon-footprint nexus index for quantitative assessment of integrated resources management for wheat farming in Egypt

To improve the farming efficiency, Egypt has been struggling to narrow the water, energy, and yield gaps owing to exacerbated water shortage. For quantitative diagnosis of farming performance, the paper presented an on-farm water, energy, food, and carbon-footprint (WEFC) nexus index made up of four equally pillars. The arithmetic average preserved the multi-centric approach and equal importance of the four pillars. The index was applied to test and rank 2,042 wheat-based farmer fields in Egypt representing diverse inputs, agronomic and irrigation practices, soil types, and agroecological conditions. The water metric was the ratio of saved water, difference between maximum water consumption recorded in the country and actual water consumption, to the maximum water consumption. Likewise, the energy metric was obtained. The food metric was the ratio of actual yield to maximum yield in the country. The carbon-footprint metric was the ratio of difference between maximum CO2 emission in the country and actual emission to the maximum emission. The index values showed a wide range from 18.69% to 87.33% with a high standard deviation emphasizing the diversity of farming practices, soil types, and agroecological conditions. The highest ten values were recorded in fields with sandy soils, relatively large area, drip irrigation, recommended seeding and fertilization rates, well drainage, weeds removal, and tillage. The drip irrigation system in 51 out of 52 fields had above average value. The lowest ten values were in fields with clay soils and flood irrigation, where 18.7% of 1,780 fields exceeded the above average value. Raised beds with furrow irrigation in 83.15% of 184 fields exceeded the above average value. Fertilization rates of nitrogen and phosphorus in 61% and 53% of fields respectively exceeded the recommended rates with no significant reflection on the food metric. The low index values in fields with flood irrigation were attributed to high water losses causing high water consumption, energy consumption, and CO2 emission. The index was a good indicative of input resources consumption and output production as it varied inversely with water and energy consumption and CO2 emission and proportionally with yield. Since the high-water consumption was the main entry point for low index values in fields with flood irrigation, changing the irrigation to drip system or revisiting the irrigation scheduling and the estimated applied irrigation water amount were recommended. The index can be utilized to quantify the effectiveness of both recommendations and further new site-specific interventions and to assess their impact at scale. The index also recommended land use consolidation where farmers retain ownership of their lands but with cooperative farming.

Multi-Source Monitoring Data Fusion Comprehensive Evaluation Method for the Safety Status of Deep Foundation Pit

Construction of the deep foundation pit (DFP) in subway stations is fraught with significant uncertainties, which may cause project delays due to discrepancies between single-indicator monitoring warning information and actual conditions at the site. Therefore, this article proposes a safety assessment method for DFP based on the Game-Cloud Model. An entirely quantitative assessment index system is established with on-site monitoring projects according to the design safety classification of DFP. Considering the one-sidedness of using a single method to determine the weights of assessment indices, game theory is introduced to calibrate the subjective and objective weights determined by the grey decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (GDEMATEL) and the entropy method, respectively. Next, we use the forward cloud generator of the cloud model (CM) to generate the safety level membership function of the evaluation indicators. Finally, we quantitatively calculate the synthetic safety level of DFP using the comprehensive evaluation approach. A 19-day dynamic assessment was conducted on the actual engineering project by the proposed method. The results indicated that the synthetic safety level of the assessed area ranged between grades Ⅰ and Ⅱ, corresponding to Negligible and Acceptable in the acceptance criteria. Compared with the single-indicator monitoring warning results, it was more in line with on-site observation, which verified its reliability and practicality.

Phase image-guided adaptive rotation-invariant feature point detector

ABSTRACT Vision-based autonomous obstacle avoidance for unmanned air vehicle (UAV) is a vital research field to ensure the safety of UAV flight in the national airspace. In this paper, a proposed detector is introduced to extract the feature (corner) points of static obstacles from the surrounding cluttered environment for small quadrotor UAVs flying at low altitudes. The detected feature points are the bottleneck for most autonomous obstacle avoidance to facilitate tracking and identification of risk processes during UAV's take-off phase. The proposed feature point detector is based on the estimated phase image of the first image derivatives and the homogeneity test examination to give the proposed detector adaptive behavior. The performance of the proposed detector is compared with various feature point detectors in terms of several quantitative assessment indices and environmental conditions. From the experimental results, the proposed detector achieves promising results for significantly extracting the surrounding feature points.

China sewage treatment engineering issues assessment

Urban clean water is an important component of water resources management and is essential for achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal. The Chinese government has attached great importance to urban sewage treatment and clean water resources. Unfortunately, the urban water quality has not shown a corresponding improvement with the increasing investment in the construction of urban sewage treatment infrastructures. In this study, we established a quantitative assessment index framework for engineering issues of urban sewage treatment system, including the lacking rate of a sewage pipe network, external water infiltration rate of a sewage pipe network, surplus rate of a sewage treatment plant, and discharge rate of untreated sewage. Then the assessment for engineering issues of urban sewage treatment system in China was conducted from the national level, provincial level and city level for the first time, with the Chinese government's open data and statistics. The results showed that the lacking rate of sewage pipe networks in China was 53%, the external water infiltration rate of sewage pipe networks was 34%, the surplus rate of sewage treatment plants was 54%, and the discharge rate of untreated sewage was 38%. The engineering efficiency of urban sewage treatment system in China was not high and varied among provinces and cities. In many urban areas, sewage pipe networks were incomplete or defective, lack and external water infiltration of sewage pipe networks are common, as well as misconnection of stormwater pipelines; and the problem of sewage direct discharge is serious. Improving the engineering efficiency of urban sewage treatment system, completing, repairment and reconstruction of sewage pipelines were the top priority of urban clean water in China. The assessment index framework established in this study can provide scientific basis for further advancing urban clean water, and the assessment for engineering issues of urban sewage treatment system is significant for the sustainable development of urban water resources.

Developing an Enhanced Ecological Evaluation Index (EEEI) Based on Remotely Sensed Data and Assessing Spatiotemporal Ecological Quality in Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area, China

Ecological changes affected by increasing human activities have highlighted the importance of ecological quality assessments. An appropriate and efficient selection of ecological parameters is fundamental for ecological quality assessments. On the basis of remote sensing data and methods, this study developed an enhanced ecological evaluation index (EEEI) with five integrated ecological parameters by containing pixel and sub-pixel information: normalized difference vegetation index, impervious surface coverage, soil coverage, land surface temperature, and wetness component of tasseled cap transformation. Significantly, the EEEI simultaneously considered the five aspects of land surface ecological conditions (i.e., greenness, human activities, dryness, heat, and moisture), which provided an effective guide for the systematic selection of ecological parameters. The EEEI has a clear theoretical framework, and all the parameters can be obtained quickly on the basis of the remote sensing datasets and methods, which is suitable for the promotion and application of ecological quality assessments to various areas and scales. Furthermore, the EEEI was applied to assess and detect the ecological quality of the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area (GBA) of China. Assessment results indicated that the ecological quality of the GBA is currently facing great challenges with a degradation trend from 2000 to 2020, which emphasizes the significance and urgency for eco-environmental protection of the GBA. This provided evidence that the EEEI can be used as an effective index for scientific, objective, quantitative, and comprehensive ecological quality assessment, which can also aid regional environmental management and ecological protection.

CRITICAL REFLECTION ON QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF IMAGE FUSION QUALITY

Abstract. Image fusion technique has been extended its development from multi-sensor fusion, multi-model fusion to multi-focus fusion. More and more advanced techniques such as deep learning have been integrated into the development of image fusion algorithms. However, as an important aspect, fusion quality assessment has been received less attention. This paper intends to reflect on the commonly used indices for quantitative assessment and investigate how they can represent the fusion quality regarding spectral preservation and spatial improvement. We found that image dissimilarities are unavoidable due to the spectral coverage of different image sensors. Image fusion should integrate these dissimilarities when they are representing spatial improvement. Such integration will naturally change the pixel values. However, as the quality indices for the assessment of spectral preservation are measuring image dissimilarities, the integration of spatial information will lead to a low fusion quality assessment. For the evaluation of spatial improvement, the quality indices only work if the spatial details have been lost; however, in the case of spatial details gain, these indices do not reflect them as spatial improvements. Moreover, this paper raises attention to image processing procedures involved in image fusion, including image geo-registration, image clipping and image resampling, which will change image statistics and thereby influence the quality assessment when statistical indices are used.

Endogenous Sulfur Dioxide Improves the Survival Rate of Sepsis by Improving the Oxidative Stress Response during Lung Injury.

Objective To explore the regulation of endogenous sulfur dioxide on oxidative stress in lung injury induced by sepsis. Method Forty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into control, sepsis, sepsis + SO2, and SO2 group randomly used to observe survival rate. The other group of twenty-eight rats were randomly divided as the same manner for mechanism research. The number of WBCS and the percentage of PMN cells were calculated. The microphotographs of morphological changes and the index of quantitative assessment (IQA) of lung tissues were calculated. The ratio of wet/dry (W/D) of lung tissues was calculated. Levels of H2O2, MDA, NO, MPO, SOD, GSH-px, and TNF-α in plasma and lung tissues were measured. Result The number of WBCS and the percentage of PMN cells decreased in sepsis (p all < 0.05), and rebound in sepsis+SO2 (p all < 0.05). The IQA and W/D of lung tissues increased in sepsis (p for W/D < 0.05), and decreased in sepsis+SO2 (p all < 0.05). H2O2 and MDA of plasma and lung tissues increased in sepsis (p all < 0.05) and rebound in sepsis+SO2 (p for H2O2 of plasma and lung tissues <0.05). NO and MPO of plasma and lung tissues increased in sepsis (p for NO and MPO of lung tissues <0.05) and rebound in sepsis+SO2 (p all < 0.05). SOD of plasma and lung tissues in sepsis group decreased (p all <0.05) and increased in sepsis+SO2 (p all < 0.05). GSH-px of plasma and lung tissues decreased in sepsis (p for plasma <0.05) and increased in sepsis+SO2 (p for GSH-px of lung tissues <0.05). TNF-α of plasma and lung tissues increased in sepsis (p all<0.05) and decreased in sepsis+SO2 (p for lung tissue <0.05). Conclusion Endogenous sulfur dioxide improves the survival rate of sepsis by improving the oxidative stress response during lung injury.

Ultrasound-Based Quantification of Cartilage Damage After In Vivo Articulation With Metal Implants.

ObjectiveThis study aims to evaluate the applicability of the ultrasound roughness index (URI) for quantitative assessment of cartilage quality ex vivo (post-mortem), after 6 months of in vivo articulation with a Focal Knee Resurfacing Implant (FKRI).DesignGoats received a metal FKRI (n = 8) or sham surgery (n = 8) in the medial femoral condyles. After 6 months animals were sacrificed, tibial plateaus were stained with Indian ink, and macroscopic scoring of the plateaus was performed based on the ink staining. The URI was calculated from high-frequency ultrasound images at several sections, covering both areas that articulated with the implant and non-articulating areas. Cartilage quality at the most damaged medial location was evaluated with a Modified Mankin Score (MMS).ResultsThe URI was significantly higher in the FKRI-articulating than in the sham plateaus at medial articulating sections, but not at sections that were not in direct contact with the implant, for example, under the meniscus. The mean macroscopic score and MMS were significantly higher in the FKRI-articulating group than in the sham group (, , respectively). Correlation coefficients between URI and macroscopic score were significant in medial areas that articulated with the implant. A significant correlation between URI and MMS was found at the most damaged medial location ().ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the potential of URI to evaluate cartilage roughness and altered surface morphology after in vivo articulation with a metal FKRI, rendering it a promising future tool for quantitative follow-up assessment of cartilage quality.

Precise measurement of worn-out tool diameter using cutting edge features during progressive wear analysis in micro-milling

Increase in edge radius, decrease in diameter, and growth of flank wear are three commonly used indices for quantitative assessment of the micro-milling tool wear. Worn-out tool diameter is usually measured by observing it under a microscope at low magnification, and this leads to significant measurement error (up to 20% of the tool life). When edge geometry changes with progressive wear, the outer diameter also decreases synchronously. In this article, a correlation between the changes in edge features and the corresponding reduction in outer diameter is developed to calculate the latter more precisely. For this purpose, first, analytical expressions are derived for different wear scenarios (uniform abrasion, non-uniform abrasion, adhesion, and edge-chipping). Validation of these expressions is further carried out through sustainable minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) assisted micro-milling of Ti–6Al–4V using TiAlN-coated WC/6Co micro-mills. Various stages of tool wear are characterized, and suitable parameters for quantifying the same are assessed. While the directly measured diameter values are affected by inconsistency and negative wear rate, the corresponding estimated values vary consistently and reliably with positive wear rate across different regimes. The diameter reduction is further established as the preferred variable for drawing tool life curve in micro-milling.

A New Index for Quantitative Assessment of Distribution Network Resilience in the Presence of Distributed Generations

A New Index for Quantitative Assessment of Distribution Network Resilience in the Presence of Distributed Generations

Spatial-spectral weighted nuclear norm minimization for hyperspectral image denoising

Hyperspectral images (HSIs) are inevitably corrupted by various kinds of noise due to the instrumental and environmental factors. This degradation of HSI data affects the subsequent applications of these images. Despite the extensive research conducted into HSI denoising, satisfactory results under heavy noise levels have not yet been obtained. Assuming that the latent clean HSI holds the low-rank (LR) property while the noisy component does not, we propose a two-step Spatial-Spectral Weighted Nuclear Norm Minimization (SSWNNM) algorithm for HSI Denoising. Considering the LR property across the spectra, a Weighted Nuclear Norm Minimization (WNNM) algorithm is conducted to recover the spectral LR structure. In the spatial domain, nonlocal similar cubic patches are found and stacked into an LR matrix, which contains the local detailed spatial texture information. We further utilize Multi-channel Weighted Nuclear Norm Minimization (MCWNNM) to recover this spatial LR matrix. Experiments conducted on simulated and real HSI data demonstrate that the proposed denoising method outperforms state-of-the-art methods, both in terms of visual quality and several quantitative assessment indices.

A Public Psychological Pressure Index for Social Networks

With the worldwide proliferation of social networks, public opinion analysis of data generated by social networks has become an important field of research. Social networks have become a major platform for public opinion formation and diffusion, and analyzing public opinion through social network data plays an important role across numerous fields, including political science, economics, commerce, finance, international trade, public policy implementation and so on. Nevertheless, the corresponding quantitative indexes of public opinion analysis have not yet been developed, and the theoretical foundation underpinning such indexes has yet to be established. How to measure public opinion through social network data is a significant problem in need of the development of a series of quantitative assessment indices and social computing methods that can be used to solve this problem. This paper proposes both the concept of a public psychological pressure index and its calculation method, making it a fundamental work in the field of public opinion analysis. The maximum entropy principle is introduced to the social computing domain in this paper and positions it as the theoretical foundation underpinning such indexes.

Research on the Deformation Mechanisms of a Tunnel-Landslide System based on the Point Safety Factor of the Interface

Tunnel-landslide systems often cause slope deformation due to tunnel excavation along the slip surface. Based on the three-dimensional numerical calculation, the point safety factor of the interface (slip surface) of the tunnel-landslide system is defined as the ratio of the shear strength of the node to the sliding force. Taking an oblique tunnel-landslide system along the BAOJI-LANZHOU Passenger Dedicated Line as the main study objectives, the author determines the deformation mechanism of tunnel-landslide systems through the analysis of the distribution characteristics of the point safety factor of the interface. In this study, the conditions during excavation, conditions after construction, the interaction stability, deformation laws and possible failure modes, etc. of the tunnel-landslide system are seriously investigated. Our research indicates that the point safety factor of the interface can be taken as a quantitative assessment index of the tunnel-landslide system’s stability.

Water quality risk assessment for drought conditions: A case study of the Korean Nakdong River basin

As the frequency of drought from climate change increases and the severity of drought become worse, it is imperative to prepare appropriate countermeasures against severe droughts. Despite the severe impacts of droughts on coupled humans and environmental systems, we do not fully understand the consequences of severe droughts affecting the environment. Therefore, the present study proposed a quantitative assessment index for water quality risk for extreme droughts to improve the safety of water environment management by providing flows to areas vulnerable to the drought. The application of this study is the Nakdong River basin in Korea, which has assessed the vulnerability of water quality to severe droughts as water quality deterioration problems continue to be experienced event after the river restoration project was completed. The results of this study are expected to provide scientific environmental drought monitoring information in a changing climate.

Preliminary exploration of a quantitative assessment index for the matching performance of anatomical bone plates using computer

BackgroundTo explore a new quantitative index to assess the matching performance of anatomical bone plates using digital technology.MethodsCT data of normal tibias of 40 adults were collected. Two brands of medial distal tibia plates were digitized. Two trained orthopedists simulated the surgical operation in Rhino 5.1 software by placing the plate curve on the medial distal tibia surface. The volume of the interstice between the plate curve and the bone surface was measured. The inverse value of this average interstice distance was used as the matching performance index (MPI). A wall thickness analysis tool was used to mark various interstice distances with varied colors.ResultsThe Kangli medial distal tibia plate had a MPI of 0.55 ± 0.08 by operator A and 0.55 ± 0.06 by operator B. The general care medial distal tibia plate had a MPI of 0.32 ± 0.06 by operator A and 0.31 ± 0.05 by operator B. There were significant variations in the MPI between the two types of plates by both operators (p < 0.001). And significant variations were observed in the MPI of general care medial distal tibia plates among various operator groups (p = 0.028).ConclusionThis quantitative index of matching performance is straightforward and intuitive. However, we still need a method to improve the experimental repeatability, especially when it comes to a plate with poor matching performance.

The interventional effects of saturated hydrogen saline on lung injury in rats with cecal ligation and puncture operation

To investigate the hypothesis that hydrogen could ameliorate cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced lung injury of rats by inhibiting cystathionine-gamma-lyase/hydrogen sulfide (CSE/H2S) system. A total number of 24 healthy male SD rats weighting 250～300 g were randomly divided into four groups (n=6 in each group): sham operation group(sham group), hydrogen-rich saline control group(H2 group), CLP group and hydrogen-rich saline treatment group(CLP+H2 group). The rats were treated with hydrogen-rich saline or saline 10 min before CLP or sham operation. At 8 h of sham or CLP operation, lung samples were obtained to detect the changes of the CSE/H2S system using biochemical and RT-PCR methods. In order to further confirm the role of H2S during hydrogen improve the lung injury of CLP rats, we also observed the effect of hydrogen-rich saline on the lung injury induced by H2S donor-sodium sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS). Thirty-two healthy male SD rats (250~300 g) were randomly divided into four groups (n=8 in each group): control group, H2S group, H2S+H2 group and H2 group. Saline(10 mg/kg) or NaHS(H2S donor, 56 μmol/kg) was injected intraperitoneally (10 mg/kg) respectively into rats in the control rats or H2S group. For rats in the H2S+H2 and H2 group, hydrogen-rich saline (10 mg/kg) was injected 10 min before saline or NaHS administration. Eight hours after the LPS saline or NaHS administration, lung coefficient, MDA content, and MPO activity were detected. The contents of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 in lung tissue were measured, and the morphological changes of lung tissue were also observed. CSE/H2S system up-regulating were observed in animals exposed to CLP. Hydrogen-rich saline treatment significantly inhibited CSE/H2S system as indicated by significantly reduced H2S production in lung, along with a decreased CSE activity and CSE mRNA expression (all P＜0.05). Importantly, the results showed that lung injury and lung tissue inflammation were observed in animals exposed to NaHS. Hydrogen-rich saline treatment significantly attenuated lung injury as indicated by significantly improved histological changes in lung, significantly reduced index of quantitative assessment (IQA), MDA content and lung coefficient (all P＜0.05). MPO activity in lung tissue was significantly reduced along with decreased productions of TNF-α and IL-6, and an increased production of IL-10 in the presence of hydrogen (all P＜0.05), demonstrating antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of hydrogen in NaHS-induced ALI. These results indicate that hydrogen-rich saline peritoneal injection improves the lung injury induced by CLP operation. The therapeutic effects of hydrogen-rich saline may be related to suppressing the production of H2S.