Independent Output Research Articles

Multi-channel switching magamp power converter for radio recieving devices

Development of high-quality energy supply of radio receiving devices is an urgent task. The article discusses the methods of designing high-frequency multi-channel power converters based on high-frequency magnetic amplifiers, the magnetic cores of which are made of an amorphous alloy with a rectangular hysteresis loop. Their significant advantages when powering radio receiving devices are the high quality of the output voltages and the low level of electromagnetic interference, both radiated and conductive. At the same time, they have a higher level of dynamic characteristics, reliability and efficiency while reducing their topological complexity and cost. In addition, it allows the implementation of multi-channel power converters with equivalent and independent output channels in a wide range of output powers. The paper presents the implementation of such a converter for powering radio receiving devices.

On concept of undesirable outputs in data envelopment analysis: ratio independent undesirable outputs

On concept of undesirable outputs in data envelopment analysis: ratio independent undesirable outputs

A Compact Modular CMOS WLED Driver for Multi-Display Applications

This paper presents a WLED driver solution for multi-display screen systems. The proposed solution features a single-inductor power stage with independent outputs; each display has multiple WELD strings with independent digital brightness/dimming control. The inclusion of high-side switches at the output terminals enables independent output voltage control and seamless display module activation/deactivation with minimized power consumption. The proposed circuit solution is designed and simulated using TSMC 40 nm technology with a digitally rich implementation that may easily scale to any node process. A three-display system, each with three strings with 6 WELDs, is utilized to demonstrate the efficacy of the solution and verify the functionality of the system. The system is driven by a single battery with a 3.2-4.2 V range and uses a 1 MHz switching frequency clock. The output voltage of the three modules can be configured independently from 7 V to 30 V with a common overvoltage protection circuit.

MXene-incorporated C60NPs and Au@Pt with dual-electric signal outputs for accurate detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ESAT-6 antigen

Rapid and effective detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is the crux of minimizing tuberculosis (TB) spread. Consequently, a new electrochemical aptasensor based on dual-signal output for ultrasensitive detection of MTB early secreted antigenic target 6 (ESAT-6) antigen was developed. Especially, a new nanocomposite MXene/C60NPs/Au@Pt was synthesized for signal generation and amplification. In this biosensing architecture, dual independent signal outputs were achieved by coupling the electrochemical redox activity of fullerene nanoparticles (C60NPs) with the effective electrocatalytic activity of Au@Pt nanoparticles. MXene possesses a large specific surface area, allowing densely loaded of these two electroactive materials, further improved sensing capability. In addition, specific ESAT-6 antigen binding aptamers were attached to Au@Pt to create the tracer label. With a typical sandwich format along with the introduction of the gold nanoparticle-loaded molybdenum disulfide (MoS2–Au) as the sensing interface, the limit of detection (LOD) of the proposed aptasensor was 2.88 fg mL−1 (DPV measurement) and 13.50 fg mL−1 (IT measurement), respectively, with a broad linear range of 100 fg mL−1 to 50 ng mL−1. Significantly, it exhibited better specificity and accuracy with a sensitivity of 97.5% and a specificity of 96.7% to distinguish healthy donors, other lung diseases and TB patients compared to commercial ELISA assay, holding a promising prospect in clinical diagnosis.

Data-driven solution for supersonic aerodynamics analysis of Perovskite solar cells considering the velocity of sound and Mach number

Due to the use of Perovskite solar cells (PSC) in aerospace applications, so, in this work for the first time, aerodynamic flutter and vibrational analysis of PSC are presented. For modeling the PSCs aerodynamic motion in the mathematical domain, the variational differential quadrature (VDQ) technique is used as a numerical operator for the discretization of various domains. Also, due to improving the stability of the PSC, carbon nanotubes with various distribution patterns as the reinforcement of the metal layer are presented. In this work for modeling the aerodynamics behavior, we use Krumhaar’s modified supersonic piston theory incorporating curvature influence, to simulate the aerodynamic stiffness and damping matrices. Also, for modeling the size effect, a modified couple stress theory with only one length scale factor is suggested. Data-driven solution with the aid of deep neural network with independent variables, input, hidden, and output layers, activation function, neural network’s intrinsic parameters, loss function, and hidden neurons is presented to solve the current applicable structure. The results show that the stability of the system is substantially impacted by the value of the yaw angle, and the link between Mach number and stability is heavily reliant on the value of the yaw angle. Another important outcome is that designing a spherical PSC and increasing its stability should have special attention to the a/b parameter. Also, future engineering research should have special attention that spherical solar cell has the highest natural frequency than other types of solar cells. Other important outcomes of the innovative PSC are presented in the results section for future handbooks on solar cells as sustainable energy.

Volitional inspiration is mediated by two independent output channels in the primary motor cortex.

The diaphragm is a multifunctional muscle that mediates both autonomic and volitional inspiration. It is critically involved in vocalization, postural stability, and expulsive core-trunk functions, such as coughing, hiccups, and vomiting. In macaque monkeys, we used retrograde transneuronal transport of rabies virus injected into the left hemidiaphragm to identify cortical neurons that have multisynaptic connections with phrenic motoneurons. Our research demonstrates that representation of the diaphragm in the primary motor cortex (M1) is split into two spatially separate and independent sites. No cortico-cortical connections are known to exist between these two sites. One site is located dorsal to the arm representation within the central sulcus and the second site is lateral to the arm. The dual representation of the diaphragm warrants a revision to the somatotopic map of M1. The dorsal diaphragm representation overlaps with trunk and axial musculature. It is ideally situated to coordinate with these muscles during volitional inspiration and in producing intra-abdominal pressure gradients. The lateral site overlaps the origin of M1 projections to a laryngeal muscle, the cricothyroid. This observation suggests that the coordinated control of laryngeal muscles and the diaphragm during vocalization may be achieved, in part, by co-localization of their representations in M1. The neural organization of the two diaphragm sites underlies a new perspective for interpreting functional imaging studies of respiration and/or vocalization. Furthermore, our results provide novel evidence supporting the concept that overlapping output channels within M1 are a prerequisite for the formation of muscle synergies underlying fine motor control.

Selective access to decision support as a function of event uncertainty

The effective design of decision support systems requires an understanding of how system outputs affect users’ preferences and behavior. In an online experiment with 171 participants, we investigated how uncertainty influences users’ tendency to access additional information when using decision support (DS) with varying levels of reliability (high or low) that exhibit the same data in different ways. We compared preferences across three DS designs: binary independent output, likelihood independent output, and integrated likelihood output. We also examined the impact of DS displays and reliability on users’ performance and subjective trust. Users were more likely to seek additional information when presented with events incorporated with uncertain information. Moreover, the presentation of the information had a significant effect on performance and subjective trust.

Formulation and Optimization of Trandolapril Oro-dispersible Tablets using the Quality by Design (QbD) Approach

Introduction:: This study aims to use a Quality by Design (QbD) approach to formulate and optimize Trandolapriloro-dispersible tablets. The central composite design tool was utilized to assess the scientific understanding of independent input variables and output responses to construct a design space for regulatory flexibility. Oro-dispersible Tablets (ODT) can also be used to deliver drugs directly to the oral mucosa, bypassing first-pass hepatic metabolism and potentially accelerating the process. Methodology:: The concentrations of super disintegrant and dry compressible binder were selected as independent variables. Disintegration time in seconds and % friability was selected as dependent variables. Polynomial equations were used to predict the quantitative effect of independent variables at various levels on response variables. Results and Discussion: The pre-compression parameters suggested that the flow characteristics were quite excellent. All tablets prepared in the above experiments were evaluated for pharmaco-technical properties and found to be within the required limits using the direct compression method. The angle of repose of the dry blends from each formulation batch (F1 to F9) ranged from 29.03° to 33.67°. All formulation batches had a loose bulk density of 0.31 + 0.07 to 0.37 + 0.91 g/cm3 and a tapped density of 0.41+ 0.02 to 0.46+ 0.16 g/cm3, respectively. The compressibility index was determined to be between 1.65 + 0.17 to 19.93 + 0.47 . Hausner's ratio was between 1.14 + 0.88 to 1.19 + 0.32. The thickness of the tablets ranged from 2.07 + 0.54 to 2.52 + 0.12 mm. The tablets were found to have a hardness of 3.08 + 0.14 to 3.67 + 0.41 kg/cm2. The weight of the tablets prepared ranged from 50 + 0.09 to 52 + 0.56 mg on average. Tablet friability was 0.52 + 0.54 to 0.83 + 0.10 %, and the disintegration time ranged between 27 and 58 seconds. All of these parameters were found under the acceptable limit of pharmacopoeias. The increase of Crospovidone concentration decreased the disintegration time and increased % friability. Whereas increasing the concentration of microcrystalline cellulose increased the disintegration time and decreased the % friability. Contour plots clarified the link between independent and dependent variables. The most cost-effective batch was chosen based on these plots within the desired range because the actual and projected values suggested by the full model were very close to each other; the statistical model is mathematically valid. Conclusion:: The results showed that the proposed design for developing trandolapriloro-dispersible tablets with optimal properties was effective.

Application of slow-light engineered chalcogenide and silicon photonic crystal waveguides for double-dimensional microwave frequency identification

Four-wave mixing effect was utilized within short dispersion-engineered slow-light silicon and AMTIR1 chalcogenide photonic crystal waveguides with group velocities of c/33 and c/23, respectively, for simultaneous measurement of frequency and power level of an RF tone over a frequency range of 0.01–80 GHz. In our numerical simulations, we considered the impact of various nonlinear phenomena that affected the system outputs. An FWM conversion efficiency of approximately − 45 dB was achieved for a 10 mW continuous-wave pump and probe in an 80 µm AMTIR1 PhC waveguide. In our system, two orthogonal and independent outputs were generated simultaneously. These independent outputs were achieved using a microwave photonics Hilbert transformer implemented using the transversal filtering approach. Since the process was inherently incoherent, the nonlinearity of the four-wave mixing did not affect the resulting signals orthogonality. The ability to simultaneously identify both the RF frequency and the power level of a microwave signal would make this system a perfect candidate for various applications, such as instantaneous frequency measurement receivers.

Feature disentanglement in one-stage object detection

In this paper, an enhanced disentanglement module is proposed to address feature misalignment caused by inherently irreconcilable conflicts between classification and regression tasks in Convolutional Neural Network-based object detectors. The proposed method disentangles features in the feature pyramid network (FPN) at the neck of the architecture. In addition, a response alignment strategy is proposed to reduce inconsistent responses and suppress inferior predictions. Extensive experiments are performed on the MS COCO and PASCAL VOC datasets with different backbones, confirming that the proposed method improves performance significantly. The proposed method exhibits two main advantages over existing solutions—features are disentangled at the neck instead of at the head, enabling comprehensive resolution of feature misalignment, and independent outputs of the two tasks after feature disentanglement are avoided, thereby preventing response inconsistencies.

Fast, Selective and Sensitive Fluorescence Detection of Levofloxacin, Fe3+ and Cu2+ Ions in 100% Aqueous Solution Via Their Reciprocal Recognition.

The fluorescence detection of ions and pharmaceutical effluents by using organic chemosensors is a valuable surrogate to the currently existing expensive analytical methods. In this regard, the design of multi-functional chemosensors to recognize desirable guests is of utmost importance. In this study, we first show that levofloxacin (LVO) is able to use as a fluorescent chemosensor for the detection of biologically important Cu2+ (turn-off) and Fe3+ (turn-on) ions via independent signal outputs in 100% aqueous buffer solutions. Next, using the reciprocal recognition of LVO and Fe3+ provides a unique emission pattern for the detection of LVO. This approach exhibited a high specificity to LVO among various pharmaceutical samples, namely acetaminophen (AC), azithromycin (AZ), gemifloxacin (GEM) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) and also showed great anti-interference property in urine. The attractive features of this sensing system are availability, easy-to-use, high sensitivity (limit of detection = 18 nM for Cu2+, 22 nM for Fe3+ and 0.12 nM for LVO), rapid response (5 s) with an excellent selectivity.

Using Fun Learning Method with Iqro' Block Media to Improve the Reading Ability of Paud Hijaiyah Students

Religious education should be introduced to children from an early age. At PAUD KB Ceria Serang, Islamic religious education was introduced to students, one of which was by teaching the hijaiyah letters to students. To improve students' ability to read hijaiyah letters, one of the methods used is to use the iqra' block media. This research is a quantitative research with the type of experimental research with a quasi-experimental design. The population in this study were all students of PAUD KB Pelangi Ceria Serang with a sample of 24 students in class B. Based on the results of data analysis, the average pretest score was 53.21 and the posttest average was 74.46. And based on the independent sample t-test output table in the equal variances assumed section, it is known that the sig2teiled value is 0.000 <0.05, so it can be concluded that there is an increase in students' reading skills ability after using the iqra' beam media.

In Situ Analysis of Curling Defects in Powder Bed Fusion of Polyamide by Simultaneous Application of Laser Profilometry and Thermal Imaging

Additive manufacturing (AM) is one of the key technologies in the global manufacturing market within various application sectors. The unique capabilities of AM enable high structural and part complexity, low material waste, and benefits in productivity by reducing design cycles and time to market. Efficient real-time quality control is still an important challenge in AM. In this paper, a real-time and in situ approach for monitoring the process in powder bed fusion of polyamide (PBF-LB/P/PA12) is proposed using the simultaneous application of two individual sensors, enabling the overlay and direct comparison of independent output data. An industrial grade laser profilometer and a thermal infrared (IR) camera were successfully integrated into a commercial system for PBF-LB/P. Artificially created curling defects were induced in a reproducible way by the manipulation of process parameters. The radiometric data was evaluated and processed into 3D topology and profile measurements to highlight peaks and curling progression. The results measured using different powder bed conditions were contrasted with corresponding thermographic data to prove the thermal visibility of curling and the influence of inhomogeneous temperature distribution on geometrical powder surface defects. The experimental setup enables the measuring of the entire powder bed surface inside the machine, with no limitations to sub-areas. Results indicate the measurable presence of curling and related temperature influences. When curling reached maximum values, inverted warpage into the negative z-direction was detected at part center as a further effect. These results can be used for improving real-time quality control in AM.

HASIL BELAJAR PENDIDIKAN PANCASILA MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN STAD BERBANTUAN MEDIA RODA PUTAR PADA SISWA KELAS IV.

The lack of innovation in learning activities in Pancasila education subjects is due to the lecture method used in the learning process. So that learning seems boring and less interesting for students. This study aims to determine the learning outcomes of Pancasila education after being given learning with the STAD learning model assisted by rotary wheel media. This type of research is a quantitative study using a quasi-experimental research method with a Nonequavalent Pre-Test Posttest Control Group design. In the independent t-test test output table the significance value (2-tailed) in the control class is 0.000 and in the experimental class is 0.025 this shows that there is an average difference in pretest and posttest values ​​between the control class and the experimental class because 0.000 and 0.025 <0.05. So that it can be concluded that after being given the treatment of Pancasila education learning outcomes between the control class and experimental class there is a difference.Keywords: STAD Learning Model, Spin Wheel, Learning Outcomes.

On the existence of Luenberger reduced order observer

Abstract In this paper the explicit necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of Luenberger reduced order observer are established. In particular, it is proven that for the given linear time-invariant system of order n, having p linearly independent outputs and m inputs, a Luenberger observer of order (n − p) can be constructed if and only if the given system is detectable. Furthermore, a procedure is given for the construction of the observer. Our approach is based on the properties of real and polynomial matrices.

Peran Metode Mind Mapping Dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar SKI di MTsN Kota Bogor

Learning outcomes are very important in a person's education to determine a learning success that has been obtained after following the teaching and learning process. There are various teaching methods that can be used by teachers to obtain learning outcomes in students. One of them is the Mind Mapping method. Furthermore, this study aims to determine whether there is a role of the Mind Mapping method in improving the learning outcomes of SKI material on Khulafaurrasyidin in class VII students at MTsN Kota Bogor. The research method used is quantitative. Data collection using tests with multiple choice forms. The data analysis technique uses the T-Test Test. In this study there are several findings, namely 1). There was an increase from the Pre-Test results to the Post-Test results in the control class of 11.34. And the Pre-Test results and Post-Test results in the experimental class amounted to 16.94; 2). The average N-Gain Score in the experimental class was 57.0411 or 57.04%; 3). Independent sample t-test output in the Equal Variances Assumed section shows that the Sig value. (2 tailed) of 0.000 <0.05. Based on the above findings, it can be concluded that there is a significant difference in increasing the value of student learning outcomes, so that there is a Role of the Mind Mapping Method in improving SKI Learning Outcomes on Khulafaurrasyidin Material in Class VII Students at MTsN Kota Bogor.
 Keywords: Islamic Culture History; Learning Outcomes; Mind Mapping Method.

Isolation of PD-L1 Extracellular Vesicle Subpopulations Using DNA Computation Mediated Microfluidic Tandem Separation.

Accurate isolation of targeted extracellular vesicle (EV) is challenging due to the antigenic heterogeneity of EV subpopulations which are from different cell origins. Most EV subpopulations lack a single marker whose expression cleanly distinguishes them from mixed populations of closely related EVs. Here, a modular platform capable of taking multiple binding events as input, performing logic computations, and producing two independent outputs for tandem microchips for EV subpopulation isolation, is developed. Taking advantages of the excellent selectivity of dual-aptamer recognition and the sensitivity of tandem microchips, this method achieves, for the first time, sequential isolation of tumor PD-L1 EVs and non-tumor PD-L1 EVs. As a result, the developed platform can not only effectively distinguish cancer patients from healthy donors but also provides new clues for assessing immune heterogeneity. Moreover, the captured EVs can be released through a DNA hydrolysis reaction with high efficiency, which is compatible with downstream mass spectrometry for EV proteome profiling. Overall, this strategy is expected to isolate different EV subpopulations, translate EVs into reliable clinical biomarkers, and accurately investigate the biological functions of different EV subsets.

Simple Enhancement of Series–Series-Compensated Inductive Wireless Power Transfer Links Operating With Load-Independent Voltage Output at Fixed Frequency to Attain Zero Inverter Phase Angle

It is well-known that series-series compensated resonant inductive wireless power transfer links (SS-IWPTL) may be designed to attain load independent voltage output (LIVO) for given operating frequency and coupling coefficient. Unfortunately, corresponding inverter output impedance is either highly-inductive or highly-capacitive (inductive region is typically preferred due to natural zero-voltage switching (ZVS) of inverter transistors), significantly increasing inverter volt-ampere (VA) rating. The letter demonstrates that designing the SS-IWPTL for operation in the capacitive region and then adding a shunt inductor across AC-side terminals of either inverter or rectifier while allows attaining inverter zero phase angle (ZPA) thus minimizing its VA rating.

A Novel Voltage Balance Topology With High Efficiency and Low Current Stress for MVdc Interface of Distributed PV

The input independent output series DC/DC converter has one stage of power conversion, which has low cost and high efficiency. However, shadow occlusion, dust coverage, and manufacturing differences will cause power mismatch of the photovoltaic (PV) panels, which in turn causes the unbalanced output voltage. In order to avoid device damage and power degradation caused by unbalanced voltage, a novel topology based on multi-winding transformer is proposed. By multiplexing the switches of each sub-module (SM), this topology can transmit the mismatched power among all the SMs and balance the output voltages. In the traditional method, the mismatched power can only be transferred between adjacent SMs. When the power mismatched SMs are far away, differential power will go through many SMs to reach the target one, causing unnecessary power losses. In the proposed topology, mismatched power can be directly transferred to the target SM, Therefore, it has higher efficiency. Moreover, all the switches have zero voltage switching (ZVS), which further improves the efficiency. 1/3 of the switches in proposed topology have lower current stress than the traditional topology. The hardware cost can be reduced. Finally, the proposed topology is verified by simulation and experiment of 1kW.

A multi-channel wireless charging system with constant-voltage outputs based on LCC-S topology and integrated magnetic design

As an emerging technology, wireless power transfer (WPT) has various advantages, which can be enhanced by extending the WPT system into a multi-channel one. With the rapid development of electronic equipment, the demand for multiple independent voltage-source outputs is increasing. In many consumer electronics and industrial applications, voltage sources with multiple independent outputs are required. This paper proposes a wireless charging system with multiple constant-voltage (CV) outputs. The LCC-S (inductor capacitor capacitor-series) topology is adopted to achieve CV outputs. The output voltage can be regulated by the corresponding mutual inductance between the transmitting and receiving coils. The receiving coils are designed with overlapped areas to realize mutual decoupling, thus, each output voltage can be independent of each other. The compensating inductor is designed as a quadruple coil so that it can be integrated and decoupled with the transmitting coil at the same time, meanwhile, it can also be decoupled with the receiving coils. In this way, a multi-channel WPT system with independent CV outputs can be achieved. An experimental prototype with three CV output channels is implemented to validate the proposal. The experimental results have revealed that the three CV outputs can be stable with the load resistance variation in each channel.