Independent Intellectual Property Rights Research Articles

Matrine Enhances the Antitumor Efficacy of Chidamide in CTCL by Promoting Apoptosis.

Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma (CTCL) is a rare group of non-Hodgkin lymphoma originating from the skin, which is characterized by T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. Chidamide, a Chinese original antineoplastic agent with independent intellectual property rights, and matrine, an extract of Chinese herbal medicine, both have been reported to exert effects on the treatment of tumors individually. However, chidamide combined with matrine has not been tested for the treatment of CTCL. Both HH and Hut78 CTCL cell lines were treated with chidamide (0.4 μmol/L), matrine (0.6 g/L), or chidamide combined with matrine for 24, 48, and 72 h. Cell viability was estimated by MTS assay at each time point. Flow cytometry was then conducted to detect cell apoptosis. The exact mechanism of chidamide combined with matrine on CTCL cells was detected by Western blotting and further validated in xenograft models of NOD/SCID mice. Compared to the single drug, chidamide combined with matrine showed a more significant effect on proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction on CTCL cells both in vitro and in vivo. The results from the in vitro and in vivo studies suggested that matrine could enhance the anti-tumor effect of chidamide by increasing the protein expression of cleaved caspase- 3 and decreasing the expression of E-cadherin, NF-κB, p-Bad, and Bcl-2 to activate apoptosis. Our data have demonstrated chidamide combined with matrine to exhibit elevated antitumor activity in both CTCL cells and xenograft models of NOD/SCID mice, which may be a potential treatment option for CTCL.

Evaluation of Iron Chlorin e6 disappearance and hydrolysis in soil and garlic using salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography and ultraviolet-visible detection

Iron Chlorin e6 (ICE6), a star plant growth regulator (PGR) with independent intellectual property rights in China, has demonstrated its efficacy through numerous field experiments. We innovatively employed salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction (SALLE) with HPLC-UV/Vis to detect ICE6 residues in water, soil, garlic seeds, and sprouts. Using methanol and a C18 column with acetonitrile: 0.1% phosphoric acid mobile phase (55:45, v:v), we achieved a low LOQ of 0.43 to 0.77 μg kg−1. Calibration curves showed strong linearity (R2 > 0.992) within 0.01 to 5.00 mg kg−1. Inter-day and intra-day recoveries (0.05 to 0.50 mg kg−1) demonstrated high sensitivity and accuracy (recoveries: 75.36% to 107.86%; RSD: 1.03% to 8.78%). Additionally, density functional theory (DFT) analysis aligned UV/Vis spectra and indicated ICE6's first-order degradation (2.03 to 4.94 days) under various environmental conditions, mainly driven by abiotic degradation. This study enhances understanding of ICE6's environmental behavior, aids in risk assessment, and guides responsible use in agroecosystems.

Accurate Determination of Trace Sulfur in Superalloys and Its Application

The accurate determination technology of trace sulfur in superalloys adopts the latest infrared carbon/sulfur analyzer CS844ES, and carries out technological innovation in five aspects: the three calibrations technology at both ends, the ultrapure composite flux, the reference material traceability technology, the blank influence value determination technology, and the criteria for the accurate determination of trace sulfur. The lower limit of sulfur measurement is extended to 0.5ppm. After appraisal, it has reached the international advanced level. Two reference materials of wrought superalloy GH4169 with trace Sulfur concentration were developed by this technology. Finally, the accurate determination technology of trace Sulfur in superalloys, independent intellectual property rights and trace sulfur reference materials constitute a “Trinity” technical system. This technical system was used to measure GH4169 superalloy in the United States and China at the same time, and the results showed that there are differences in sulfur content among them. This technology is mainly applied independently and has been applied in relevant units and won many technical awards.

Analysis of China’s Marine Renewable Energy Current Situation

China’s Marine renewable energy is in a period of rapid development. Since the establishment of the national special fund for Marine renewable energy in 2010, a large number of demonstration projects, research and test projects have been strongly supported and promoted, forming a number of technology and equipment with independent intellectual property rights. But as a new energy field, some problems have been found in the process of project implementation, this paper is based on the 2010-2020 projects of marine energy special project research, analyzes the progress of the wave energy, tidal energy, classifies and summarizes the research and test projects, expounds the current marine energy special project in the process of implementation problems and deficiencies, put forward some suggestions for the development of Marine renewable energy special projects in the future.

Melt pool evolution and microstructure simulation of SLM 316L based on SPH-PFM coupling model

The study in this work fully utilized the computational advantages of various numerical methods and established a SPH-PFM coupling model for the 316 L SLM process. The temperature field, melt pool changes, and microstructure evolution of the 316 L SLM process were simulated and calculated. The correctness of the simulation results was verified through the comparison with experiments, and a calculation platform for melt pool evolution and microstructure simulation of metal material SLM process with independent intellectual property rights was developed. (1) Establish the mathematical model required for the dynamic simulation of the molten pool in the metal material SLM process based on the SPH method. (2) Extract the temperature field data and molten pool shape from the calculation results based on the SPH method, and then substitute them into the phase field model for molten pool modeling. The formation mechanism of the microstructure morphology inside the molten pool and the micro-segregation mechanism of solute elements at different positions during solidification were analyzed and discussed. The article compared the simulation results with the experimental results. The simulation results showed good consistency with the experimental results in terms of primary dendrite spacing, secondary dendrite spacing, and melt pool microstructure morphology, proving the correctness of the model established in this article. At the same time, the SPH-PFM coupling model established in this article can effectively solve the problem of predicting the microstructure of the melt pool in the SLM process, providing a new method for the study of microstructure prediction in the SLM process.

Technical specification for orthodontic transmission straight wire technique

Malocclusion is an oral disease with a high prevalence. The goal of orthodontic treatment is health, aesthetics, function and stability. The transmission straight wire appliance and technique is an innovative orthodontic system with independent intellectual property rights invented by Professor Jiuxiang Lin's team based on decades of clinical experience, which provides a new solution for the non-surgical correction of skeletal malocclusions, especially class Ⅲ malocclusion, and it is also a good carrier for the implementation of the concept of healthy orthodontics. Due to the lack of guidelines, how to implement standardized application of transmission straight wire technique remains a problem to be solved. This technical specification was formed by combining the guidance from Professor Jiuxiang Lin and joint revision by a number of authoritative experts from the Orthodontic Special Committee, Chinese Stomatological Association, with reference to relevant literatures, and combined with abundant clinical experience of many experts. This specification aims to provide reference to standardize the clinical application of transmission straight wire technique, so as to reduce the risk and complications, and finally to improve the clinical application level of this technique.

Analysis and optimization of injection characteristics and comprehensive performance of low GWP refrigerant HP-1 in high temperature heat pump systems

In the context of low-GWP refrigerants becoming a research hotspot, the environmentally friendly refrigerant HP-1 with independent intellectual property rights in China has demonstrated significant advantages in fields such as data centers and 5G base stations. However, there are few applied studies in the field of high-temperature heat pumps (HTHPs), therefore, in this study, HP-1 was utilized in HTHP system and this process was combined with the injection technology. It has been proven to be an effective approach for performance improvement. The injection characteristics of HP-1-based HTHP were analyzed and optimized with a focus on safety, stability, and efficient operation. The application advantages of HP-1 were compared and analyzed in terms of thermodynamic performance and Total Equivalent Warming Impact. The results indicated that there were three types of characteristic injection pressures based on system performance, corresponding to the maximum coefficient of performance (COP), the lowest electronic expansion valve inlet refrigerant temperature, and the lowest exhaust temperature of the compressor. Further, the corresponding control equations for injection pressure were obtained. Based on the safety injection pressure, the optimal COP under injection pressure could effectively improve the COP of the system by 2.1–5.2 %, and the exhaust temperature also increased by 6.1–10.1 %. When the temperature of the heat source was 50 °C and the target heating temperature was 120 °C, the heating capacity of HP-1 increased by 10.8 % compared with that of R245fa, the COP of the system increased by 2.7 %, and the volume heating capacity increased by 10.3 %. Moreover, the emission reduction effect of HP-1 was significant, and the carbon dioxide emissions were reduced by 15.4–39.1 %. The analysis shows that HP-1 exhibits better performance and environmental characteristics than HFC-245fa. This study is of guiding significance to improve the thermodynamic performance of HTHP, for the safe and efficient operation and energy saving and emission reduction in the industrial field.

Impact of China-U.S. Trade Friction on China's Integrated Circuit Industry

With the development of economic trade between China and the United States, the frictions generated by it have an impact on Chinas integrated circuit(IC) industry. This literature research makes a specific analysis of the integrated circuit industry in terms of its future development trend and prospects, in order to study the impact of China-US trade frictions on China's Integrated Circuit Industry IC industry as a topic. The research uses the literature research method, factor analysis method, and inductive summary method. After analyzing the current situation of the IC industry, the research came up with three basic development problems, which are the more obvious phenomenon of China's IC import dependence, the overall strength of China's IC industry is still insufficient, and the lack of China's IC industry chain capability. After the analysis of three aspects: economic, social and technological, the research proposes three recommendations: improve the technology level, increase independent intellectual property rights, and policy support. The results obtained show that the industrial chain of the IC industry is getting better and better, the trend of substitution of domestic chips will continue to develop, the demand for emerging applications in downstream markets increases, and it can be recognized by domestic and international.

Transient heat transfer study of small-caliber barrel in continuous fire

In this paper, the barrel of small-caliber automatic rifle is taken as the research object. An experiment was taken on the gun barrel and an infrared thermal imager was used to measure the change of barrel temperature field during the continuous shooting, and the finite difference model of barrel heat transfer was established. The formula of the correction coefficient of heat transfer of gunpowder gas on the inner surface of the body tube was obtained by fitting with the experimental results. The barrel transient heat transfer analysis calculation software with independent intellectual property rights was developed by C++, and the characteristics of temperature field were analyzed. The experimental results show that the temperature of the outer surface of the barrel rises and then falls along the axial direction from the bottom of the barrel to the muzzle, and the rising slope will decrease in the next 30 rounds of continuous firing. The calculation results of the small-caliber barrel with chromium layer show that the temperature of the outer surface of the chromium layer of each shot rises instantaneously and then drops rapidly, in the form of pulse, and the temperature of the steel matrix rises continuously, but it is significantly lower than the peak temperature of the chromium layer, and the presence of the chromium layer provides buffer protection for the barrel matrix material. There is still an influence region in the matrix behind the interface between the chromium layer and the barrel matrix, and the temperature of the steel matrix in this region fluctuates. The thickness of the influence region is determined by analysis. The temperature of the inner surface of the barrel reaches a maximum at the tail of the barrel along the axial axis and then slowly decreases in the direction of the muzzle, the radial temperature distribution of the barrel is steeper at the tail end and the muzzle area is relatively flat. The calculation results of the model in this paper are basically consistent with the experimental results, which provides a rapid calculation model and tool for the thermal design and analysis of the gun barrel.

Advances in Studies of Chiglitazar Sodium, a Novel PPAR Pan-Agonist, for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Chiglitazar sodium is a new peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pan-agonist with independent intellectual property rights in China. It can treat type 2 diabetes mellitus and regulate metabolism by modestly activating PPARα, PPARγ, and PPARδ to improve insulin sensitivity, regulate blood glucose, and promote fatty acid oxidation and utilization. Chiglitazar sodium has a significant insulin-sensitizing effect and is advantageous in reducing fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels, particularly at the 48 mg dose in patients with concomitant high triglycerides in terms of blood glucose and triglyceride level control.

The Research on the Fabrication of the Novel Basic Unit for 3D Structure Integrated Circuit

The IC industry in the Chinese mainland has encountered the difficulty caused by the embargo on lithography machines in developing state-of-the-art semiconductor IC processes. For the first time, this work fabricates out the HVTFET which we have independent intellectual property rights. A 50 nm channel length N HVTFET device is fabricated successfully using a 0.35 µm process, and its characteristics are close to those of TSMC’s 55 nm planar N MOSFET. The experimental results of this paper have two important significances. First, it shows that the fabrication of the advanced ICs in the Chinese mainland can get rid of the limitation of the lithography machine by using the HVTFET. Second, it shows that it is possible to decrease the chip area by about 3/4 by using the HVTFET structure for the ICs with 28 nm and above planar MOS processes, which are quite common in China.

A thermal infrared channel field radiometer. Part I: Characterization and laboratory test

To meet the needs of the on-orbit radiometric calibration of remote sensors, the development of independent intellectual property rights of infrared radiometer, a thermal infrared channel field radiometer (TICFR) for measurements of radiance or brightness temperature are presented for in situ measurements. The design philosophy of the optical system and structure is described, and the thermal shock resistance and working environment performance were performed using a prototype in the laboratory. The results show that the TICFR has a high resistance to thermal shock and can be used in working environments ranging from − 20–50 ℃. Then, the performances of TICFR in our laboratory are deemed to be satisfactory, based on initial requirements, The electrical autonomy, the automated operation, the portability, were experimented in situ and proved to be satisfactory. To verify the accuracy of the TICFR measurements and to check the reliability of the instrument, a laboratory experiment was carried out to compare the TICFR and the CE312. The results show that TICFR is in very good agreement with the surface brightness temperatures derived by CE312. The average deviation of the surface brightness temperatures measured by the corresponding channels of the two instruments is less than 0.1 ℃, and the standard deviation is less than 0.05 ℃. These results confirm that the measurement accuracy and stability of the TICFR are similar to those of the CE312. The TICFR has important applications in the site calibration of remote sensing in the thermal infrared band.

Strategy and challenge of innovative drug research and development from clinically effective ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine

Novel drug discovery from the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine is the most distinctive feature and advantageous field of China, which has provided an unprecedented opportunity. However, there are still problems such as unclear functional substance basis, action targets and mechanism, which greatly hinder the clinical transformation of active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine. Based on the analysis of the current status and progress of innovative drug research and development in China, this paper aimed to explore the prospect and difficulties of the development of natural active ingredients from traditional Chinese medicine, and to explore the efficient discovery of trace active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine, and obtain drug candidates with novel chemical structure, unique target/mechanism and independent intellectual property rights, in order to provide a new strategy and a new model for the development of natural medicine with Chinese characteristics.

Expert consensus on icotinib as adjuvant therapy for non-small cell lung cancer

Clinical studies have established the clinical application of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) adjuvant targeted therapy. Compared with chemotherapy, the high efficiency and low toxicity of targeted therapy increases the survival benefit of patients. Icotinib was the first EGFR-TKI with independent intellectual property rights in China and the third EGFR-TKI to be marketed in the world. In order to summarize the experience of icotinib and other EGFR-TKIs in the adjuvant treatment of non-small cell lung cancer and further standardize and guide the clinical application of icotinib, experts from the China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care and the Guangdong Association of Thoracic Diseases have organized an expert consensus on the adjuvant treatment of non-small cell lung cancer with icotinib, which is expected to provide clinicians with evidence-based medical evidences for postoperative targeted drug using.

Gut microbiota as an antioxidant system in centenarians associated with high antioxidant activities of gut-resident Lactobacillus

The gut microbiota plays an important role in human health and longevity, and the gut microbiota of centenarians shows unique characteristics. Nowadays, most microbial research on longevity is usually limited to the bioinformatics level, lacking validating information on culturing functional microorganisms. Here, we combined metagenomic sequencing and large-scale in vitro culture to reveal the unique gut microbial structure of the world’s longevity town—Jiaoling, China, centenarians and people of different ages. Functional strains were isolated and screened in vitro, and the possible relationship between gut microbes and longevity was explored and validated in vivo. 247 healthy Cantonese natives of different ages participated in the study, including 18 centenarians. Compared with young adults, the gut microbiota of centenarians exhibits higher microbial diversity, xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism, oxidoreductases, and multiple species (the potential probiotics Lactobacillus, Akkermansia, the methanogenic Methanobrevibacter, gut butyrate-producing members Roseburia, and SCFA-producing species uncl Clostridiales, uncl Ruminococcaceae) known to be beneficial to host metabolism. These species are constantly changing with age. We also isolated 2055 strains from these samples by large-scale in vitro culture, most of which were detected by metagenomics, with clear complementarity between the two approaches. We also screened an age-related gut-resident Lactobacillus with independent intellectual property rights, and its metabolite (L-ascorbic acid) and itself have good antioxidant effects. Our findings underscore the existence of age-related trajectories in the human gut microbiota, and that distinct gut microbiota and gut-resident as antioxidant systems may contribute to health and longevity.

A Research on Open Innovation of High-tech Enterprises in the New Era

In recent years, open innovation is to coordinate the internal and external resources of an enterprise, and earn extra profits through both internal and external market paths. This model has been warmly welcomed by the business community. However, under the background of taking innovation as a national strategy, the independent intellectual property rights possessed by the enterprises themselves have become more important. High-tech enterprises are the main force of enterprise innovation. The measurement of a regional economic structure and the degree of modernization are important indicators of the competitiveness of an industry, and also an important indicator of the economic development and the level of science and technology in a place. Therefore, the article takes the open innovation of high-tech enterprises in the new era as the research object.

Study on dynamic modeling of composite thin cylindrical shells subjected to low-velocity impact based on an analytical method

<p indent="0mm">Aiming at the problems of traditional finite element modeling with many black box operations, high computational costs, and no independent intellectual property rights, this paper establishes a fiber-reinforced composite under low-speed impact excitation based on the first-order shear deformation theory, the Von Kamen large deformation theory and the law of conservation of energy. Analytical model of impact characteristics of cylindrical shells under the fixed-supported boundary at both ends. By considering the impact delamination damage and the Hoffman failure criterion, the expression of impact contact force when each failure event occurs is deduced. Therefore, the impact contact force and load-displacement curves are successfully solved, with a feasible analysis process of low-velocity impact property being summarized. Finally, the proposed model are validated against the Abaqus finite element model with different laminate configuration and impact velocities being considered. It can provide a new idea and approach for predicting and evaluating the impact dynamics of other complex cylindrical shells with anisotropic characteristics.

Research on the Implementation Path of Enterprise Strategic Property Management from the Perspective of Technological Innovation

The aim of this paper is to improve the innovation level and innovation performance of enterprise strategic property management technology. Also, this paper studies the implementation path of enterprise strategic property management from the perspective of technological innovation by analysing the opportunities and challenges faced by the enterprise’s intellectual property management, building an enterprise strategic property rights management system with the company’s intellectual property organisation management, intellectual property value management, and intellectual property strategic management as the core; establishing SC’s intellectual property management system by stages, adopt a phased approach to build SC’s intellectual property management system and by increasing corporate profitability through intellectual property transfer, licensing and other activities. Through intellectual property management, it provides a strong guarantee for enterprises to make profits. Interviews and investigations were conducted with KT company in the field of temperature control, QR company in the field of energy saving and environmental protection, and JZ company in the field of biomedicine. Only by basing itself on its own reality and market demand, gradually improving the level of technological innovation, and planning and implementing the strategy of independent intellectual property rights, can the performance of technological innovation be effectively improved.

Understanding the evolution of China's standardization policy system

This paper investigates the evolution of China's technology standardization policy system in the period from 1978 to 2021. The standardization policy system comprising the supply, demand, and environment policy tool types has evolved during standardization development process, which includes three sequential stages: 1) the following-up stage, 2) the catch-up stage, and 3) the upgrading stage. In responding to changes in institutional, economic and technological contexts, the policy orientation has transformed from supporting the government-controlled adoption and standardization of foreign technologies in the following-up stage of standardization development process to developing indigenous standards owning independent intellectual property rights (IPRs) through the government-led standardization system in the catch-up stage, and to international standardization adopting both government-led and market mechanisms in the upgrading stage. In this process, the Chinese Government continued to offer policy support to but tended to relax its control over standardization. Of the three policy tool types, the supply type have remained the dominant ones; the weight of the environment-type of tools tended to decrease, and that of the demand-type of tools tended to increase. Further, the government rationalized the mix of each type of policy tools as the standardization contexts changed. From the Chinese experience, theoretical prescriptions for how standardization policy systems evolve in latecomers are developed. Practical implications for latecomer countries to transform standardization policy system and design their standardization policies are discussed.

Research Progress on Changing laws In Chemical Constituents of Seeds Chinese Medicines from Before and After Concocting

Seed Chinese medicines concocting is a traditional pharmaceutical technology with independent intellectual property rights in China. After years of development and evolution, it has formed a profound cultural heritage in China. This paper analyzes the research status of chemical mechanism in the concocting of seed Chinese medicines, and finds that a large number of chemical reactions usually occur during the process of seed Chinese medicines concocting, resulting in fundamental changes in efficacy. Moreover, there are still many problems in the process of research on the changes of chemical components before and after the concocting of seed Chinese medicines, such as the lack of rationality of quality standards, the lack of specificity of index standards, the lack of clarity of functional components, and the difference in quality assurance of origin. In the follow-up, the academic and related fields should further increase the theoretical research and clinical trials on the changes of chemical components before and after the concocting of seed Chinese medicines, so as to provide effective guidance for the rational clinical application of Chinese herbal medicines.