Independent Decisions Research Articles

Consumers Attitude towards Skincare Products Endorsed by Filipino Macro-Influencers on Instagram

Public figures such as celebrities, social media influencers, vloggers, and politicians are some of the widely used endorsers in industries such as the beauty and personal care industry. These public figures promote products and or brands to spread awareness and increase the sale of the company. This study aims to know if the Filipino Macro-Influencers can affect the consumers' purchasing behavior: to determine if the use of Filipino macro-influencers is effective and how they can help the consumers' decision-making, and to know the consumers' perception towards the products that these personalities endorse. The researchers conducted a purposive and simple random sampling survey to gather data that will target 216 Instagram users who are consumers of skincare products using online questionnaires. The accurate results using PLS-SEM show that the independent variable, Filipino Instagram Macro-influencers, has a significant effect on the four independent variables, purchase intention, decision making, consumers trust, and positive eWOM of the consumers of skincare products.

Social entrepreneurship as factor of the Russian economy growth

The dynamic development of society in the post-industrial period is associated, on the one hand, with the massive involvement of citizens in socio-economic activity and the expansion of initiative projects, on the other, with the development of communication technologies that are helpful for agreeing on joint activities and achieving socially significant goals. Social entrepreneurship is a social institution that, in a differentiated social structure, performs those tasks and functions that were previously randomly “scattered”among the point types of activities — charity, volunteering, along with the main essence of political activity, which should be aimed at realizing the common good. Entrepreneurship as the quintessence of independent comprehension and decision-making, reaching the level of solving social problems (along with the task of creating added value), today reflects the formation of a new significant force, a factor that can significantly change the formats for solving group and social problems in cases where market and state mechanisms do not allow achieving the target result.

Cooperative performance evaluation among homogeneous parallel decision making units with coalition structures

For large groups like chain hotels, internal cooperation among subsidiaries and external cooperation among groups are both important strategies to increase profits. To fight for more superiority in payoff allocation, the subsidiaries in a group usually make up a prior union in the form of internal cooperation such as resource sharing and information sharing. In data envelopment analysis (DEA), many studies discuss the external cooperation among independent decision making units (DMUs) based on cooperative game theory, but few simultaneously consider the information sharing among network structure DMUs and information and resource sharing among internal sub-units. How to evaluate the cooperative performance among large groups with different subsidiaries and how to allocate joint payoff? To answer this question, we construct a cooperative game with coalition structures, named the DEA game with coalition structures. We view groups as homogeneous parallel DMUs and their subsidiaries as sub-units. In our proposed game, each DMU is a prior union where sub-units are players. Through the network DEA, we measure the cooperative performance from the perspective of relative efficiency. Based on cooperative game theory, we demonstrate our game is balanced, super-additive and monotone, and one payoff allocation in the coalitional core can be found by calculating the dual programming for the grand coalition. Furthermore, we use the two-step Shapley value to allocate the overall payoff of the grand coalition to sub-units. Finally, we verify our approach by experimenting with the operational data of seven international star quality and high-end chain hotels in Taiwan in 2015.

153. AYA Subspecialty Patient and Parent Views on COVID-19 Vaccination

Adolescents/young adults (AYA) with hematologic and oncologic (heme-onc) conditions are important targets for vaccine outreach because they are at increased risk for complications from COVID-19. AYA patients may also need additional support, as they are transitioning from parent to independent vaccine decision-making. AYA with sickle cell disease (SCD) are of particular concern because a high proportion are African American and experience structural racism in addition to their illness. Our objective was to examine AYA and parent attitudes regarding the COVID-19 vaccine among heme-onc populations.

Immediate birth for women between 34 and 37weeks of gestation with prolonged preterm prelabour rupture of membranes and detection of vaginal or urine groupB streptococcus: an economic evaluation.

ObjectiveWhat are the costs, benefits and harms of immediate birth compared with expectant management in women with prolonged preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (PPROM) at 34+0–36+6 weeks of gestation and detection of vaginal or urine group B streptococcus (GBS)?DesignMathematical decision model comprising three independent decision trees.SettingUK National Health Service (NHS) and personal social services perspective.PopulationWomen testing positive for GBS with PPROM at 34+0–36+6 weeks of gestation.MethodsThe model estimates lifetime costs and quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) using evidence from randomised trials, UK NHS data sources and further observational studies. Simulated events include neonatal infections, morbidity associated with preterm birth and consequences of caesarean birth. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses (PSAs) were performed.Main outcome measuresQALYs, costs and incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER).ResultsIn this population, immediate birth dominates expectant management: it is more effective (average lifetime QALYs, 24.705 versus 24.371) and it is cheaper (average lifetime costs, £14,372 versus £19,311). In one‐way sensitivity analysis, results are robust to all but the odds ratio estimating the relative effect on incidence of infections. Threshold analysis shows that the odds of infection only need to be >1.5% with expectant management for the benefit of avoiding infections to outweigh the disadvantages of immediate birth. In PSA, immediate birth is the preferred option in >80% of simulations.ConclusionsNeonatal GBS infections are expensive to treat and may result in substantial adverse health consequences. Therefore, immediate birth, which is associated with a reduced risk of neonatal infection compared with expectant management, is expected to generate better health outcomes and decreased lifetime costs.Tweetable abstractFor women with preterm prelabour rupture of membranes and group B streptococcus in vaginal or urine samples, immediate birth is associated with improved health in their babies and reduced costs, compared with expectant management.

Experiences and perceptions on sexuality, risk and STI/HIV prevention campaigns by university students. Designing a digital intervention.

This study reports on the qualitative phase of a study that seeks to design a digital intervention for the prevention of STI / HIV and promotion of sexual health in university students. The experience and perception that university students have about sexuality, risk and prevention campaigns are addressed through focus groups. Semi-structured interviews are conducted with key informants. The results reveal that sexual education is limited and restricted to the biological aspect, as well as loaded with prejudices and gender biases, which narrows the information provided to the student population. Wavering prevention strategies that fail to motivate students or offer them opportunities for making informed and independent decisions about their sexual health are apparent. The STI / HIV campaigns assessed are distant, fear-based and not inclusive. Interventions in sexual health do not weigh experiential aspects of youth sexuality, as they are based on models of ideal and stereotyped behavior, discarding first-person narratives and their rich complexity. It is imperative to innovate in the prevention of STI/HIV, formulating interventions based on an integrative, multidisciplinary and contextualized design that values the theory and experience of the target populations.

Joint Spectrum Sensing and Spectrum Access for Defending Massive SSDF Attacks: A Novel Defense Framework

Multiple secondary users (SUs) perform collaborative spectrum sensing (CSS) in cognitive radio networks to improve the sensing performance. However, this system severely degrades with spectrum sensing data falsification (SSDF) attacks from a large number of malicious secondary users, i.e., massive SSDF attacks. To mitigate such attacks, we propose a joint spectrum sensing and spectrum access framework. During spectrum sensing, each SU compares the decisions of CSS and independent spectrum sensing (IndSS), and then the reliable decisions are adopted as its final decisions. Since the transmission slot is divided into several tiny slots, at the stage of spectrum access, each SU is assigned with a specific tiny time slot. In accordance with its independent final spectrum decisions, each node separately accesses the tiny time slot. Simulation results verify effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Dignity of Risk, Reemergent Agency, and the Central Thalamic Stimulation Trial for Moderate to Severe Brain Injury.

This article discusses the utility of Perske's "dignity of risk" as a useful heuristic to explain the consent process for a study to evaluate central thalamic deep brain stimulation as a means to restore cognitive function in moderate to severe brain injury. Narratives of interviews with subjects and their families from a related BRAIN Initiative study reveal discordant views on risk, with subjects being more risk-tolerant than their loved ones. This is a challenge for families who remain protective of subjects who have recovered to the point that they are capable of independent decision-making. While the legal threshold for consent has been met, normative and psychological challenges remain as families accommodate themselves to the reemergent agency of the subject. Dignity of risk is a constructive framework to apprehend how families come to appreciate the primacy of the subject's voice and affirm their reemergent agency following a devastating brain injury.

337 Are Surgical Trainees Reviewing Their Post-Operative Patients in Cardiothoracic Surgery?

Abstract Aim Operating surgeons should review their post-operative patients regularly. They are responsible for decision-making on further management and planning discharge. Trainee surgeons who have operated should be reviewing their patients and encouraged to make independent decisions to develop their clinical judgement and responsibility for patient care. There are no specific guidelines on the number of recommended reviews in the post-operative patient Method 40 patients taken from cardiothoracic operating lists. Patients selected where the documented 1st operator was not a consultant. This was done using operative notes recorded on Infoflex. Operation date, type of operation, total days as inpatient, discharge date and number of days reviewed by the 1st operator were recorded. The results were presented to both consultants and registrars locally and an open discussion was held to make improvements. The audit was repeated 6 months later. Results Average inpatient stay post-operatively was comparable: 6.4 vs 6.9 days. There was a significant increase: 2.7 vs 0.6 days of average reviews by the lead operator. 9% to 39% increase. In phase 1, only 42% of patients were reviewed at all by the lead operator. In phase 2, this increased to 100%. Conclusions Open discussion and joint planning between consultants and registrars has led to an improvement in surgical trainee engagement in post-operative management. There is still scope for further improvement on documentation and communication with the on-call consultant. On multiple occasions the patients were reviewed but this was not documented or communicated with the consultant.

Decision-making regulatory framework of the introduction of health technologies at the hospitals in Ukraine

The limited resources of the health care system and the COVID-19 pandemic encourage more rational and cost-effective administrative and clinical decisions. To achieve the best health care within available resources, the introduction of the most efficient technologies should be supported, considering organizational, social and ethical issues. Assessment of health technologies at different levels, namely national/regional and hospital, is becoming increasingly important. Adherence to cost-effective approaches to administrative and clinical decision-making will ensure the rational use of the state budget and improve clinical outcomes, improve the quality and life expectancy of patients.
 The purpose of the study was to analyze the current regulatory framework for the introduction of health technologies (medicines and medical devices) at the hospital level. During the research the methods of content analysis, historical, system-analytical, generalization was used.
 According to the analysis of the decision-making regulatory framework for the health technology’s introduction, it was drawn the next conclusions. The active HTA development in Ukraine is noted. In a short time, a legal framework for state HTA for medicines was created and approved, amendments were made to the Law of Ukraine ‘On Public Procurement’ and other Ukraine’s laws on medicine procurement under managed entry agreements, the further steps for development of the HTA ecosystem in Ukraine were identified.
 The legal framework for the circulation of medical devices needs to be updated in Ukraine, starting with technical regulations in accordance with EU regulations №745 and №746 and further approval of the Law on Medical Devices.
 Procedures for evaluation and selection of medicines and medical devices at the level of medical institutions are absent in Ukraine and require separate elaboration. The introduction of HB-HTA will help hospital managers to make independent, transparent, reasonable, and impartial management decisions on the selection of drugs and medical devices.
 The obtained results prove the need for further research of everyday decision-making practices on the introduction of health technologies at the hospitals, development of methodology for hospital-based HTA and update regulation of HB-HTA in the current legal framework of Ukraine.

INDECISION CAREER CHOICE PADA SISWA SMK

The career process that has been chosen by the individual appropriately is achieved through a good planning process and independent decision making with careful consideration based on an understanding of abilities and interests as well as an introduction to careers that exist in society as a meaningful self-realization. The problem in career decision making can be categorized as an indecision career choice, so that the individual's inability to choose, or make himself to take a certain form of action that will be realized in preparing for and entering a particular job. This research is a type of literature review research by looking for theoretical references that are relevant to the cases or problems found. The results of this study stated that based on the facts in the field, it was found that there were students who had difficulty in making ideal decisions. This condition is influenced by several factors including personality, self-esteem, social support, and career readiness.

POS-359 Developing targeted therapies for kidney disease in public private partnerships

Integrating public and private research efforts is key to expediting precision medicine for glomerular diseases. The Nephrotic Syndrome Study Network (NEPTUNE) has developed an innovative research and business model: “MATCH”, to enable targeted patient enrollment in clinical trials via the NEPTUNE public private partnership (NP5). The NEPTUNE community knowledge base is leveraged to identify a molecular signal matching therapeutic targets under development by NP5 industry partners. The three steps of MATCH are: (1) predictive biomarker development; (2)patient communication about precision medicine; and (3) return of results from NP5 partner clinical trials for evaluation of patient stratification effects on trial outcomes. MATCH begins with NEPTUNE patient education on risks and benefits of the study. Once enrolled in MATCH, a patient’s biosamples undergo biomarker profiling. MATCH provides individual pathway activation information to patients for consideration in their independent decision to enroll in a trial that may be more tailored to their specific disease and stage. Finally, clinical trial outcomes will be reported by NP5 partners to NEPTUNE to evaluate the MATCH impact on treatment responses. MATCH aims to assess the ability to communicate molecular information to patients, and to test precision medicine across multiple trials and partners to move science closer to the overall goal: reaching the right patient with the right medicine at the right time. MATCH is an open framework available to additional partners interested in joining NP5.

Collaborative Caching for Energy Optimization in Content-Centric Internet of Things

The development of the content-centric Internet of Things (C2IoT) enriches the services provided by the IoT devices, which diversifies the provided contents. However, system resources are terribly wasted by repeated delivering the same content. Efficiently utilizing caching resources can reduce the link load caused by delivering and forwarding contents, further improving the users’ quality of experience (QoE). However, the collaboration among independent decision nodes is insufficient, which consumes substantial energy redundantly. To solve the mentioned issue, we propose a genetic-algorithm-based collaborative caching scheme integrating on-path strategy and off-path strategy, named cost-oriented caching scheme (CCS), to minimize the energy consumption of requesting contents. First, based on the analysis of content popularity, users’ historical requests, and transmission delay, an optimization problem is formulated to minimize the communication delay of obtaining content. Then, we formulate a submodular function optimization problem to optimize energy consumption, and an improved genetic algorithm is proposed to solve the mentioned problem. Performance evaluations demonstrate that the proposed CCS is superior to other existing caching schemes.

New legislative accents in the mediation procedure and legal principles of alternative dispute resolution

The article analyzes the latest versions of federal laws that made changes to the mediation procedure — allowed judges to resign to perform the procedure of professional mediation; provided an opportunity to notarize a mediation agreement, giving force to an enforcement document; the procedure of «judicial reconciliation» appeared. It is proved that mediation in its essence is not the «activity» of professional intermediaries, mediators, but a «procedure», namely, a structured process that is an alternative dispute resolution technology. The legal principles of the mediation process are disclosed: voluntariness, confidentiality, neutrality, passionlessness and independence of the mediator, independent decision-making by the parties, equality of the parties.

Sources for studying the position of widows in noble families and society in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. An outline of the problem and research questions

In the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, women played a signifi cant role in both family and social life. An important position was occupied by widows, who – protected by privileges and adequate fi nancial security – had a great impact on the creation of contemporary reality. According to law, in their childhood and early youth, young women were dependent on their fathers or guardians. Once wives, they had to consider opinions of their husbands, who could constrain them in making independent decisions. Only widowhood gave women the opportunity to change their legal and financial status and allowed them to decide about their own fate, manage their family’s policy, undertake economic initiatives, as well as to participate in public, cultural and social life, also by fulfi lling the role of a patroness. The position of widows in the family and noble society in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth can be studied based on a variety of sources. Ego-documents should be considered an exceptionally valuable kind of material where the authors could express their thoughts freely, write frankly about their problems, feelings, troubles and joys of everyday life, and present to the world their experiences and perceptions of reality.

Empowering rural women through backyard poultry farming: Adoption of Haringhata Black in tribal district of West Bengal

Rural women play a vital role in agricultural and allied sectors development but often lack the empowerment and recognition. The present paper aims to present a simple but effective empowerment strategy for rural women with backyard poultry farming. A sample size of 150 self-help groups (SHG) women members who were rearing backyard poultry belonging to ten different villages of Bankura; which were selected purposively based on highest populated SC/ ST villages of the district. The project was funded by District Magistrate office, ATMA, Bankura which included one demonstration unit at KVK Campus and other with SHGs at 10 villages. Skill development training programme were conducted to the selected SHG women on the various backyard poultry technologies /practices identified in the scheme and inputs like day-old chicks, feeds and vaccines were distributed to them. Follow-up visits for evaluation and monitoring were regularly conducted for offering technical advice. Three fourths (75%) of the beneficiaries expressed that they were economically empowered and their savings habit had improved after participation in the scheme. Majority (90%) observed that obtained additional income through this project on following the various low cost management technologies. Regression analysis revealed that position and involvement in family affairs has got positive and significant value while independent decision making authority and availability of low input birds are significantly associated with the empowerment of rural women in the sample area. Overall, the scheme created economical, social, psychological and technological impact among the poultry women facilitating empowerment of women in rural areas.

Intuitive Decision-making by Iranian Nurses of Patients with COVID-19: A Qualitative Study.

Introduction: Clinical decision-making related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new experience; thus, there is a lack in knowledge in this area. The aim of this study is to explore critical care nurses’ experience of intuitive decision-making in patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Methods: In this qualitative descriptive study, 16 nurses who had the experience of providing care for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were selected through purposive sampling and participated in semi-structured interviews. The interviews were transcribed and finally analyzed through the conventional content analysis approach. Results: 62.5% of participants were females and the mean (SD) of the participant’s age and working experience were 36.56 (6.58) and 12.62 (5.59) years, respectively. Three main themes emerged out of the experiences of the nurses, including (a) inner revolution, (b) holistic awareness and (c) clinical wisdom. Conclusion: Critical care nurses use intuition in novel, complex situations where they often have to make quick and independent decisions. Understanding the phenomenon of intuition in clinical decision making increases the professional practice of nursing and leads to better quality care for patients, especially in acute, critical situations and pandemic diseases.

Research on Cooperative Benefit Distribution Mechanism of Pharmaceutical Supply Chain with the Participation of Third-Party Logistics Service Providers

With the cancellation of the policy of “approval of third-party drug logistics business”, a large number of powerful enterprises that meet the conditions of modern pharmaceutical logistics have entered the pharmaceutical logistics. In this context, the introduction of third-party logistics service providers into the pharmaceutical supply chain system makes the problem study more practical. A three-level pharmaceutical supply chain operation mode was constructed, which was composed of pharmaceutical manufacturers, pharmaceutical distributors, third-party logistics service providers and retail pharmacies/ hospitals. By using game model, the relevant indicators under independent decision-making and cooperative decision-making can be compared and analyzed. The results show that in a certain range of cooperative cost, the performance index of pharmaceutical supply chain cooperative decision is significantly higher than that of independent decision. On this basis, considering two conditions that every supply chain member can obtain more benefits than that of independent decisions and the relative leadership of supply chain members, the cooperation benefits of pharmaceutical supply chain are reasonably distributed by three-distribution method based on profit distribution factors. Combined with the results, the elements affecting the profit distribution factor are explored, and the value range of the profit distribution factor is continuously reduced until the final result is determined and applied in practice, so as to ensure the stable cooperative operation of the pharmaceutical supply chain system.

Prikaz laboratorije za proučavanje, valorizaciju, zaštitu i prezentaciju kulturnog nasleđa na Univerzitetu u Beogradu - Arhitektonskom fakultetu

This paper aims to present the goals, methods and content of the newly established Laboratory for the study, valorization, protection and presentation of cultural heritage at the University of Belgrade's Faculty of Architecture. The laboratory has been established with the goal of enabling the study of different types of cultural heritage, as well as modern theories, methods and recommendations for its preservation and presentation. The aim is to connect theoretical knowledge related to methods of studying, valorizing and protecting heritage with practical work through individual or group research projects. Through a process of project formulation, conception and development, researchers are able to master knowledge related to the analysis, valorization and proposal of measures of modern protection, presentation, management and revitalization of historic buildings and urban structures. Through research, different theoretical approaches and methods of studying, valuing, protecting and presenting cultural heritage are examined, in order to harmonize them with the concepts of sustainable development, preservation of historical character, authenticity and integrity of natural, intangible and built heritage. The ultimate goal is to develop critical thinking and independent decision-making, based on the application of modern international recommendations and concepts, in order to emphasize the universal and specific characteristics of cultural heritage, as well as to improve its preservation through modern presentation and use.

Pravna zaštita i osnaživanje odraslih, ranjivih lica u Srbiji

Having in mind demographic trends and especially growing number of the population in the old age, it is very important that family law deals with the needs of the vulnerable adults. In 2021 in Serbia the percentage of the population aged 65 and older is 21.3%. The number of users in Centres for social work that are deprived of 'transactional' ('contractual') capacity is growing (in 2017 13.075 persons are deprived of the 'transactional' ('contractual') capacity. Having in mind UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (Serbia has ratified the Convention in 2009) in this paper authors analyse legal changes in the procedural law which aim is protection and empowerment of vulnerable adults in Serbian law. One solution is limitation of the deprivation of 'transactional' ('contractual') capacity in a way that the decision is to be to reexamine in the period of maximum three years (Law on Non-Contentious Proceedings amendments 2014). Other solution is the obligation of the court to define legal operations which the person deprived of the capacity can undertake by himself/herself and especially if this person can exercise his/her elective right (Law on Non-Contentious Proceedings amendments 2022). The authors analyse proposed legal changes in the family law which aim is to empower vulnerable adults. The recent Draft Law on Amendments to Family Act empowers vulnerable adults in the several ways. It is proposed to abandon the existing institution of "deprivation of legal capacity" and to keep only the institution of the "limitation of legal capacity". It is proposed that court in the decision on limitation of 'transactional' ('contractual') capacity should determine the legal operations that a person partially deprived of capacity may not undertake independently. The Draft Law on Amendments to Family Act adds the legal acts to legal operations which the person deprived of capacity may undertake. This solution empowers vulnerable adults giving them wider circle of independent rights. It is proposed that the guardianship authority is obliged to protect the dignity and well-being of the ward; try to limit the rights of the ward as little as possible; encourage the ward's independent decision-making; provide him/her support in decision-making, as well as the participation in community life; take into account all the specifics of the ward's personality and accept his decisions, opinions, wishes, and attitudes, unless it is in conflict with the welfare of the ward. In addition, it is proposed to stipulate the guardian's obligation to make sure that the adult ward receives all the information on issues that concern him/her in a timely manner and to take into account in the utmost extent possible the ward's decisions, opinion, wishes and attitudes when performing the guardian's duties.