Independent Behavior Research Articles

Characterization of construction and physical properties of composite oleogel based on single low molecular weight wax and polymer ethyl cellulose

The combination of oleogels has recently begun to receive scientific attention because a single oleogels may not adequately compensate for the multiple roles of solid fat in complex food systems. In this study, corn oleogels were prepared from candelilla wax (CLW), beeswax (BW), carnauba wax (CW), and ethyl cellulose (EC) with different mass ratios, and their physicochemical properties were characterized in terms of heat, rheology and microstructure. The strength of oleogel was CLEOs > BEOs > CWEOs. With the increase of the amount of wax in the oleogelators, the color L* value, the ability to bind oil, the melting temperature, the hardness and the viscosity and strength of the oleogels were increased. Microscopic analysis showed that the gel network was formed based on the crystallization and self-organization of gel molecules, and the two oleogelators showed independent crystallization behavior in the oleogel. Furthermore, the FTIR spectra showed that noncovalent bonds of van der Waals forces played a dominant role in the composite oleogel network formed through physical entanglement as compared to hydrogen bonds. XRD results showed higher lateral packing of molecular layers in oleogels prepared from combined EC and wax compared to oleogels prepared from a single oleogelator. This study provides a reference for the development of a new composite oleogel system.

Quantum dynamics study of reaction H+SiH using a new potential energy surface of SiH<sub>2</sub>(1<sup>1</sup>A′)

Initial state-selected and energy-resolved reaction probabilities, integral cross sections(ICSs), and thermal rate constants of the <inline-formula><tex-math id="M3">\begin{document}$ \text{H}{(}^{2}\text{S})+S\text{iH}({\text{X}}^{2}\Pi; \nu = 0\text{ },j = 0)\to \text{Si}{(}^{1}\text{D})+{\text{H}}_{2}({\text{X}}^{1} \Sigma_{g}^{+}) $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> reaction are calculated within the coupled state(CS) approximation and accurate calculation with full Coriolis coupling(CC) by a time-dependent wave packet propagation method (Chebyshev wave packet method). Therefore, a new ab initio global potential energy surface (PES) of the electronic ground state (1<sup>1</sup>A′) of the system, which was recently reported by Li et al. [<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2022/cp/d1cp05432e"> <i>Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.</i> 2022 <b>24</b> 7759</ext-link>], is employed. The contributions of all partial waves to the total angular momentum <i>J</i> = 80 for CS approximation and <i>J</i> = 90 for CC calculation are considered to obtain the converged ICSs in a collision energy range of 1.0 ×10<sup>–3</sup>－1.0 eV. The calculated probabilities and ICSs display a decreasing trend with the increase of the collision energy and show an oscillatory structure due to the SiH<sub>2</sub> well on the reaction path. The neglect of CC effect will lead to underestimation of the ICS and the rate constant due to the formation of an SiH<sub>2</sub> complex supported by the stationary points of the SiH<sub>2</sub>(1<sup>1</sup>A′) PES. In addition, the results of the exact calculation including CC effect are compared with those calculated in the CS approximation. For the reaction probability, CC and CS calculations change with similar tends, shown by their observations at small total angular momentum <i>J</i> = 10, 20 and 30, and the CC results are larger than the CS results almost in the whole considered energy range at large total angular momentum <i>J</i> = 40, 50, 60 and 70. The gap between CS and CC probability get more pronounced with increasing of <i>J</i>, which reveals that Coriolis coupling effects become more and more important with <i>J</i> increasing for the title reaction<i>.</i> Moreover, the exact quantum-wave calculations show that the thermal rate constant between 300 K and 1000 K for the title reaction shows a similar temperature independent behavior to that for the H + CH reaction, but the value of the rate constant for the H + SiH reaction is an order of magnitude larger than that for the H + CH reaction.

Research on the Construction and Application Effect of Autonomous Learning Model in the Teaching of Tourism English Majors in Colleges and Universities

Abstract Autonomous learning is a hot issue in current research in learning. The article firstly constructs an autonomous learning model based on dynamic fuzzy logic (DFL) theory and describes the independent behavior rules in detail. Further, a learning algorithm for the independent learning subspace is proposed. To verify the effectiveness of the DFL-based autonomic learning model, the authors selected college students majoring in English for Tourism as experimental subjects, divided the students into experimental and control groups, and compared their test results before and after the autonomic learning teaching experiment. The study results show that in the six-month experiment, the experimental group significantly improved in three aspects: study time, independent learning ability, and learning achievement. Specifically, upper-middle and middle-level students excelled in independent learning ability. In contrast, students at the lower-middle level showed significant improvement in terms of study time and academic performance, and these differences reached the level of extreme significance (p<0.01). In addition, in terms of the level of learning autonomy, the experimental group has higher indicators of learning autonomy level than the control group in all six dimensions, especially in the dimension of learning environment, the difference between the experimental group and the control group is as high as 52.53%. The study proves the effectiveness of the autonomy learning model based on dynamic fuzzy logic in enhancing students’ autonomy learning ability, especially in promoting the learning development of students at different levels showing significant advantages.

Signature of Topological semimetal in harmonic-honeycomb ReO3

Transition-metal honeycomb compounds are capturing scientific attention due to their distinctive electronic configurations, underscored by the triangular-lattice spin-orbit coupling and competition between multiple interactions, paving the way for potential manifestations of phenomena such as Dirac semimetal, superconductivity, and quantum spin liquid states. These compounds can undergo discernible pressure-induced alterations in their crystallographic and electronic paradigms, as exemplified by our high-pressure (HP) synthesis and exploration of the honeycomb polymorph of ReO3 (P6322). This HP-P6322 polymorph bears a phase transition from P6322 to P63/mmc upon cooling around Tp = 250 K, as evidenced by the evolution of temperature-dependent magnetization (M-T curves), cell dimension and conductivity initiated by an inherent bifurcation of the oxygen position in the ab plane. Insightful analysis of its band structure positions suggests this HP-P6322 polymorph being a plausible candidate for Dirac semimetal properties. This phase transition evokes anomalies in the temperature-dependent variation of paramagnetism (non-linearity) and a crossover from semiconductor to temperature-independent metal, showing a temperature independent conductivity behavior below ∼200 K. Under increasing external pressure, both the Tp and resistance of this HP-polymorph are slightly magnetic-field dependent and undergo a “V”-style evolution (decreasing and then increasing) before becoming pressure independent up to 20.2 GPa. Theoretical calculations pinpoint this anionic disorder as a probable catalyst for the decrement in the conductive efficiency and muted temperature-dependent conductivity response.

Modelling Safety Behaviour from Safety Climate among Healthcare Workers in Benin City

It is counter-intuitive that the healthcare industry, whose mission is the care of the sick, is itself a “high-hazard” industry for the workers it employs. Injuries at the workplace are related to unsafe work behaviour and unsafe work procedures. This research work concerns modelling safety behaviour from safety climate among healthcare workers in Benin city. The model incorporates safety climate constructs as independent variables and safety behaviour as the dependent variable. A questionnaire survey obtained 277 responses from multiple healthcare facilities in Benin City. A purposive/judgmental sampling approach was adopted to get respondents that fit the study. Multiple regression analysis was appropriate in building the model. 10 variables were originally collated but only 7 variables with factor loadings greater than 0.6 were retained after principal component analysis, and only 5 variables were statistically significant for the model development. The beta coefficients were used to study the impact of each construct on the safety behaviour of employees. As a result, safety climate constructs like management commitment, supervisory environment, workers’ involvement, personal appreciation of risk, and supportive environment, were substantially correlated with the safety behaviour of employees with 15.13, -10.309, 5.647, 1.649, -12.288 beta coefficients respectively. The overall R2 determination coefficient was 0.897 which depicts the model explains 89.7% of the variance in safety behaviour. This model has enormous potential to inspire healthcare management to facilitate safety behaviour and to successfully monitor the safety of healthcare sector workers. This research reveals that slips, trips, falls, needle prick injuries, cross-contamination, infections and diseases, mental stress, exposure to x-ray radiation, direct contact with contaminated specimen, musculoskeletal disorder as the most recurring accidents/near misses experienced as a result of unsafe behaviour of healthcare workers in their organizations. This research also reveals unsafe behaviours such as improper use of PPE, no use of PPE, taking shortcuts, verbal abuse, unsafe injection practice, working long hours, negligence and carelessness as some of the unsafe behaviours of healthcare workers in their organizations. Findings from this research reveals shortage of staff, fines and associated legal fees, retraining of new staff as some of the cost and consequences of unsafe work behaviour by healthcare workers to their organizations. Management should concentrate on more significant constructs to achieve the optimal and successful safety performance of healthcare workers.

PENGARUH FINANCIAL KNOWLEDGE, FINANCIAL ATTITUDE, DAN FINANCIAL LITERACY TERHADAP FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT BEHAVIOR PADA UMKM SEKTOR FASHION KOTA BENGKULU

This study examine financial literacy financial attitude and financial knowledge in relation to financial management behavior in Bengkulu city's UMKM fashion industry. This study both quantitative and qualitative data gathering methods, including a questionnaire. The study's sample included 75 respondents. The saturated sample method is the sampling approach that is employed. processing of primary and secondary data utilizing SPSS's multiple regression analysis approach and statistical analysis methods. According to the study's findings, financial management behavior is positively impacted the factors of financial obligations, financial knowledge, and financial attitudes at the same time. Each independent variable influences financial management behavior favorably to some extent.

Research on Artificial Intelligence Data Based on Image Texture Characterization and Aerobics Teaching Mode in Colleges and Universities

Abstract In this paper, we first studied the action recognition method based on image texture features, established a human body model, and realized the extraction of skeletal data and joint calibration. Based on the skeleton information, the aerobic movements are recognized, the difference between the aerobics movement sequence and the standard movement sequence is calculated, and the movements are scored. Then, the database for aerobic movements was established, and an AI-assistant aerobics teaching model was developed. Finally, the effect of the teaching method was analyzed through indicators of recognition effect, skill impact, and students’ learning interests. The results show that the accuracy of the system’s action recognition reaches 95%, and the overall response time is between 5.2-6.4s, with high real-time performance. And it has a significant effect on students’ movement participation, active interest, and independent learning behavior, with p-values of 0.013, 0.041, and 0.036, respectively, p<0.05. This study promotes the development and innovation of aerobics, which can scientifically adjust training countermeasures and enhance the skill level of aerobics athletes.

Anti-Money Laundering by Group-Aware Deep Graph Learning

Anti-money laundering (AML) is a classical data mining problem in finance applications. As well known, money laundering (ML) is critical to the effective operation of transnational and organized crime, which affects a country's economy, government, and social wellbeings. Financial services organizations facilitate the movement of money and have been enlisted by governments to assist with the detection and prevention of money laundering, which is a key tool in the fight to reduce crime and create sustainable economic development. In the application of AML, user identity and financial behavior data are widely used to detect laundering transactions. In recent years, an increasing number of money laundering activities have been conducted by organized criminal gangs while most existing works still treat the actions of each account as independent identity behavior without considering the group-level conspired interactions. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a group-aware deep graph learning-based approach for organized money-laundering detection. In particular, we design a community-centric encoder to represent the nodes and attributes in user transaction graphs and derive the adjacent gang behaviors. Then, we devise a scheme of local enhancement to accommodate nodes with similar transaction features, which are aggregated into gangs for downstream detection. Extensive experiments on the real-world dataset from one of the largest bank card alliances worldwide show that our proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods in both offline and online modes, showing the effectiveness of money laundering detection with group-aware deep graph learning.

Combustion performance of a domestic cooker burner at different design parameters and fuels

ABSTRACT In this study, an a typical domestic cooker-burner was investigated numerically using parametrical research to observe the effects of four different fuels. Propane, natural gas, hydrogen, and biogas (three different compositions) were used in the simulations. Sixteen design parameters were examined for comparison, including four different fuel inlet pressures and four different fuel channel diameters. Simulation results were validated with experimental results and compared to each other. The comparison among all cases was given visually and graphically as emissions, temperatures, and efficiencies. In the mentioned pressure range, propane cases have shown almost independent behavior concerning the change in diameters, except for 0.25-mm-diameter cases. Furthermore, the temperature drop on the cooker’s bottom surface was observed at all pressure levels for natural gas and propane, with an increasing supportive fuel channel diameter after 0.30 mm in general. As predicted for the biogas cases, lower flame temperatures have been observed from visual Computational Fluid Dynamics results compared to the other gases due to their low calorific value. While unburnt hydrocarbons and CO emission levels were observed to be the highest for natural gas, NO appeared to be the highest, approximately three times higher than the average NO emissions of all fuel types for hydrogen among those of other fuels. Also, a higher average cooker bottom temperature, approximately 8% higher than the average surface temperature of all fuel types, was obtained for natural gas. Higher efficiency, about 50% higher than the average efficiency of all fuel types, was obtained for hydrogen fuel. Moreover, results showed that supportive fuel channel diameter was the most effective parameter for NO emissions.

Sequence recommendation using multi-level self-attention network with gated spiking neural P systems

Sequence recommendation is used to predict the user's next potentially interesting items and behaviors. It not only focuses on the user's independent interaction behavior, but also considers the user's historical behavior sequence. However, sequence recommendation still faces some challenges: the existing models still have shortcomings in addressing long-term dependencies and fully utilizing contextual information in sequence recommendation. To address these challenges, we propose a four-channel model based on a multi-level self-attention network with gated spiking neural P (GSNP) systems, termed SR-MAG model. The four channels are divided into two groups, and each group is composed of an attention channel and an GSNP attention channel. Moreover, they process long-term sequences and short-term sequences respectively to obtain long-term or short-term attention channel features. These features are then passed through a self-attention network to effectively extract user context information. The proposed SR-MAG model is tested on three real datasets and compared with 10 baseline methods. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed SR-MAG model in sequence recommendation tasks.

Implementasi Pendidikan Karakter Dalam Pembentukan Perilaku Mandiri Taman Kanak-Kanak Maitreyawira Ketapang

This research is motivated by the independent attitude of Maitreyawira Kindergarten School Ketapang children who are influenced by the implementation of character education in schools. Therefore, this study aims to find out the method of implementing character education and how its implementation can shape the independent behavior of children in Maitreyawira Kindergarten School Ketapang. The method used is qualitative research through survey and observation methods. The research subject was the observation of several children, then interviews were conducted with the parents of the children and the teachers who taught the children. Data collection instruments were in the form of interview results, documentation in the form of photographs of children's and teacher's activities, and field notes (anecdotes). From the results of observations, four categories were obtained to assess children's independence, namely Belum Berkembang (BM), Mulai Berkembang (MB), Berkembang Sesuai Harapan (BSH), and Berkembang Sangat Baik (BSB). The results of the research on the implementation of the independent behavior of the Maitreyawira Kindergarten School Ketapang children were assessed from 7 indicators, with the BM and MB categories at 0%, the BSH category at 64%, and the BSB category at 36%. The results of this study are expected to be useful as input in implementing character education in schools. The conclusion of this study shows that the implementation of character education has succeeded in shaping children's independent behavior in their daily lives.

High dynamic separation performance of metal–organic frameworks for D2/H2: Independent or competitive adsorption?

AbstractMost traditional D2/H2 separation techniques are energy‐intensive with low efficiency. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) provide a promising solution for D2/H2 separation due to their excellent chemical and structural characteristics. Here, machine learning‐assisted high‐throughput computational screening was employed to identify the high‐performance MOFs for the dynamic D2/H2 separation. Extensive data analysis reveals that there were two adsorption behaviors in the optimal MOFs, independent adsorption and competitive adsorption, and the independent adsorption was favorable for the preferential adsorption of D2. To quantify these two adsorption behaviors, we introduced and defined overlap degree (OD) and independence degree (ID), and developed a software for the rapid assessment of OD/ID. After batch simulation of the breakthrough curves of 2000 optimal MOFs, ~80% MOFs exhibited independent occupancy, confirming its contribution to good dynamic separation capabilities. This work provides a new idea for designing MOFs with independent adsorption behavior to improve the dynamic separation performance of hydrogen isotopes.

Intrinsic viscosity and dielectric relaxation of ring polymers in dilute solutions.

The absence of chain ends makes ring polymers distinctly different from their linear analogues. The intrinsic viscosity, complex viscosity and the dielectric relaxation of ring polymers are investigated within the tenets of the optimized Rouse-Zimm theory. The distance dependent excluded volume interactions (EVIs) are obtained from Flory's mean field theory. The hydrodynamic interactions (HIs) between the pairs of monomers are estimated using the preaveraged Oseen tensor. The intrinsic viscosity of linear and ring polymers both with and without EVI are compared as a function of ring size. A monotonically increasing trend of the intrinsic viscosity is observed in both cases. The intrinsic viscosity of both linear and ring polymers both with and without EVI show a very good agreement with the experimental results of polystyrene over a wide range of molecular weights in both good and theta solvents, respectively. The fractal dimensions of the ring polymers with EVI lie between that of a random walk and a self-avoiding walk model of linear polymers in three dimensions. The ring size increases with EVI and the effect of EVI is stronger on larger rings than that on smaller rings. The dielectric relaxation follow a connectivity independent universal scaling behavior at low and high frequency regions. The imaginary part of the complex dielectric susceptibility displays a local maxima in the intermediate frequency region, which reveals a structure dependent behavior of the rings. The theoretically calculated dielectric loss of ring polymers with HI matches well with those obtained from experiments.

Consumer E-Commerce Adoption and Behavior: A Perspective of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)

Today, most countries facing new virus that called COVID-19 which it gives various impact to many sectors and towards economy itself. One of the industries that get an attention was food and beverage industry that led to a new trend like online food and delivery in China. Due to pandemic, the government enforce physical social distances and movement control to break the chain. As an effect, most business and social activities were curtailed for the time being, and most food and beverage companies were encouraged to shift their business strategies to online food delivery services. This study was prepared to know whether the consumer behavior can influence especially towards online food delivery services. Other than that, to identify whether online food delivery services convenience to use by the consumer. The objectives of this research were to see if there was a connection between the model of independent variables and consumer behavior towards online food delivery services during the pandemic. The hypotheses in this study are focused on perceived ease of use, time savings orientation, convenience motivation, protection, and privacy, all of which can influence customers behavioral intentions, particularly during pandemic crisis. Meanwhile, the sampling method that will be in use in this research was the non-probability sampling technique, which was a simple randomly sampling consumer with 211 respondents who age 18-41and above that contributed to this research. The researcher was used students, employed, self-employed and unemployed to be their respondents. All the questionnaire was distributed via online by using google form. The data was collected by using questionnaire and quantitative data and then this research will use SPSS and Smart PLS to collect and combine the data to get the result.

Development of structured W/O emulsions with the use of only candelilla wax

AbstractWe investigated the development of water‐in‐oil (W/O) emulsions using only candelilla wax (CW), evaluating the effects of different water to CW oleogel ratios (40:60, 50:50, 60:40) and the CW concentration (0.75% to 3%). The emulsions were developed by shearing the systems with an ultra‐turrax type homogenizer (60 s at 25°C) at the different water to CW oleogel ratios. After 0 and 20 days of storage (25°C) the emulsions were evaluated through microscopy, rheology, water droplet diameter, emulsion stability, and x‐ray diffraction measurements. The results showed that at all water to CW oleogel ratios the surface‐active components of the CW (i.e., triterpenic alcohols, aliphatic alcohols, and fatty acids) stabilized the oil–water interface, while the n‐alkanes and long chain esters formed an oleogel in the oil phase. Independent of the storage time, all the CW emulsions showed frequency independent rheological behavior. However, after applying a strain within the plastic region the 40:60 and 50:50 emulsions formulated with 1.5% to 3% CW provided the higher elasticity and emulsion stability, even after two freeze‐thaw cycles. In particular, the 40:60 and 50:50 emulsions with 1.5% CW had a recovery profile similar to commercial mayonnaise. In contrast, independent of the CW concentration, the 60:40 emulsions showed the lowest recovery profile and highest emulsion instability. These results showed the CW as a multifunctional material capable to develop structured W/O emulsions at room temperature without adding surfactants. The structured W/O emulsions developed by CW could be useful in the formulation of trans‐free, stable low‐fat edible spreads.

Peran Majelis Taklim An-Nur dalam Pendidikan Kemandirian Perempuan di Desa Trenten

The majority of women are not aware of the rights they should have. Lack of self-confidence of women in showing their potential. Lack of awareness of the role of women in terms of independent behavior. Low knowledge related to the independence of women's behavior. So women are expected to have independence in dealing with all life's problems, assertive in the action of carrying out its role in the family and community environment and confident in applying their knowledge correctly through education at the Taklim Council. The research method used is with a phenomenological research approach. Research data collection is done in a way observation, interview, and documentation. The subject is the management and several members of the Taklim An-Nur Assembly.
 Women's Independence Education in Trenten Village through routine activities at the An-Nur Taklim Assembly that is weekly, monthly or annual activities. Through these activities women's self-reliance education appears in the behavioral aspect. Supporting factors for women's self-reliance education at the An-Nur Taklim Assembly, that is all Muslim communities, there is motivation from the taklim board of directors, get family support, get adequate infrastructure and there are speakers as well as very supportive environmental conditions. The inhibiting factor is lack of funds, lack of awareness from members, and the activities of each member. The implications of the role of the Taklim An-Nur Assembly on women's self-reliance education very good contribution. Because of the taklim assembly has a very big role for society, including in individual development. As well as women have self-confident, women are given the opportunity to be leaders in routine activities, women can participate in the management of women's bodies and women have fatigue in making a decision.

Phylogenetically independent behavior mediating geographic distributions suggests habitat is a strong driver of phenotype in crangonyctid amphipods

It is unclear if geographic distributions of animals are behaviorally mediated or simply maintained by ecologically-driven deleterious effects on fitness. Furthermore, it is not well known how behaviors that may affect geographic distributions and responses to environmental stressors evolve. To explore this, we examined behavioral and physiological reactions to light in six species of amphipods in the family Crangonyctidae collected from a variety of subterranean and epigean habitats. Stark differences between epigean and subterranean habitats occupied by different crangonyctid species allowed this clade to serve as an appropriate model system for studying the link between habitat and phenotype. We sampled habitats in or adjacent to the Edwards Aquifer in central Texas and collected two epigean and four stygobiontic species. We examined respiratory and behavioral responses to light in all study species. We found that similarities in behavioral and physiological responses to light between species were only weakly correlated with genetic relatedness but were correlated with habitat type. However, the breadth of variation in phenotype was found to be correlated with phylogenetic relationships, suggesting that population level trait evolution likely involves interactions between standing population level variation and strength of selection. Our findings suggest that natural selection via environmental conditions may outweigh history of common ancestry when predicting phenotypic similarities among species, and that behavioral and physiological phenotypes may mediate the evolution of biogeographic distributions.

The Role of Guidance Counseling Teacher and Parents in the Learning Process of Children with Special Needs of Slow Learners

Slow learners is a condition in students who cognitively have a capacity below the average normal child and are not included in the disability category, but slow learner children also have difficulties in coping with academic demands in regular classes. Slow learners do not have problems related to independent and social behavior, it's just that the IQ test or intelligence of students ranges from 70-90. For this reason, it is important for teachers and parents to take part by maximizing their role in the learning process of slow learner children. This study uses a qualitative method through literature study by collecting sources that are literary and used as a reference in this research. The aim of this research is to find out and understand things related to slow learner children and the role of guidance and counseling teachers and parents in these children. Meanwhile, the results of this research can be a reference regarding the effectiveness of guidance and counseling teachers and parents who take part when there are students who have special needs of the slow learner variety.

Pengaruh Kepemimpinan, Kompetensi dan Organizational Citizenship Behavior terhadap Kinerja Karyawan dengan Motivasi sebagai Variabel Intervening pada Bank Sumut Syariah Cabang Brigjend Katamso


 Human resources are an important factor for the company, because they serve as a driving force for the company's operations. Factors that can measure employee performance are leadership, competence, organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), and motivation. The purpose of this study was to find out how much influence leadership, competence, organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), and motivation have on employee performance at Bank Sumut Syariah Brigjend Katamso Branch. This study uses three independent variables, namely leadership, competence, and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Motivation as an intervening variable and employee performance as the dependent variable. The sampling method uses saturated sampling technique. The samples obtained were 30 respondents. The results showed that leadership had no significant effect on motivational variables, competency variables had a positive and significant effect on motivational variables, organizational citizenship behavior had a positive and significant effect on motivational variables, leadership variables had no significant effect on employee performance variables, competency variables had no effect positive and significant on employee performance variables, organizational citizenship behavior variable has no positive and significant effect on employee performance variables, motivational variables have no positive and significant effect on employee performance variables, leadership variable through motivational variables indirectly does not have a positive effect on employee performance variables, competency variable through motivational variable indirectly has no positive effect on employee performance variable, organizational citizenship behavior variable through motivational variable indirectly has no significant positive effect on employee performance variable.
 Keywords: leadership, competence, organizational citizenship behavior, employee performance, motivation

Phase Transition in the Galam’s Majority-Rule Model with Information-Mediated Independence

We study the Galam’s majority-rule model in the presence of an independent behavior that can be driven intrinsically or can be mediated by information regarding the collective opinion of the whole population. We first apply the mean-field approach where we obtained an explicit time-dependent solution for the order parameter of the model. We complement our results with Monte Carlo simulations where our findings indicate that independent opinion leads to order–disorder continuous nonequilibrium phase transitions. Finite-size scaling analysis show that the model belongs to the mean-field Ising model universality class. Moreover, results from an approach with the Kramers–Moyal coefficients provide insights about the social volatility.