Independent Activity Research Articles

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDEPENDENT MOTOR ACTIVITY AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

This article explores the relationship between independent motor activity and academic performance in children and adolescents. The study is based on the analysis of data obtained from a variety of scientific studies conducted in recent decades in the field of psychology, physiology and education. The article examines the effect of physical activity on cognitive functions, concentration level, memory and overall mental performance. The authors also analyze the mechanisms through which physical activity can contribute to improving learning outcomes. The role of regular physical activity in the formation of positive psychophysiological changes that contribute to the improvement of educational skills and increase academic motivation is studied in detail. Possible strategies for integrating physical activity into the educational process are also discussed, taking into account modern learning requirements and taking care of the health of children and adolescents. The results of the study provide useful informationfor educational institutions, educators, parents and educational professionals, allowing them to better understand the relationship between physical activity and successful learning, which can lead to the development of effective strategies to improve overall student academic performance.

THE MODEL OF PROSECUTORIAL SELF-GOVERNANCE IN UKRAINE AND THE BALTIC COUNTRIES: A COMPARATIVE ASPECT

Background: New legislation in Ukraine has introduced a significant change in the function of the prosecutor’s office by establishing bodies of prosecutorial self-governance. Their implementation stems from the change in the constitutional status of the prosecutor's office and the need to strengthen the independence of prosecutors while minimising external political and internal systemic influence on their work. Such reforms align with a pan-European tendency, which was formed as a result of the modernisation of approaches to the perception of the prosecutor's office. The independence of the judiciary and the effectiveness of the administration of justice depends on the independent activity of such body as the prosecutor's office. This necessitates the formation and development of the principle of political neutrality, which should form the basis of the organisation and activity of the prosecutor's office in a state governed by the rule of law. Orientation to international standards and best practices allows us to hypothesise about the progressiveness of the Ukrainian model of prosecutorial self-governance. This hypothesis can be tested through a comparative analysis with other countries. We have chosen the Baltic countries for comparison as they are connected with Ukraine by a common Soviet past; however, they decided on the European course of their development much faster. The article offers an overview of models of prosecutorial self-governance in Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia and Ukraine, outlining the structure and competence of their bodies. Based on a comparative analysis of Ukraine’s example, the researchers have identified the main directions for strengthening the institutional capacity of prosecutorial self-governance bodies. Methods: In conducting the scientific work, the authors employed several special legal methods, which allowed them to realise both the collection and generalisation of factual data, as well as to carry out a multi-level comparison of selected research objects at the proper level. The study relied on, in particular, formal-legal, logical-legal, historical-legal and comparativelegal methods of scientific learning. Results and Conclusions: It has been concluded that the introduction of prosecutorial selfgovernance in the states is a necessary step in the direction of strengthening the independence of prosecutors as a component of effective justice. This makes it possible to minimise external political and internal systemic influence on personnel processes in the prosecutor's office system, contributes to ensuring its political neutrality, as well as solves issues of financial, material, technical, and other provisions for prosecutors. In this sense, the Ukrainian model of prosecutorial self-governance is quite progressive, although it is not without disadvantages. In particular, the dispersion of personnel powers among different subjects makes prosecutors vulnerable in career advancement, specifically regarding clarity in the demarcation of their competence. This focuses on further developing prosecutorial self-governance, strengthening its institutional capacity.

THE ROLE OF COMMUNITY INSTITUTIONS IN THE FRAMEWORK OF RESIDIVITY DEVELOPMENT FOR INFORMED CITIZENS IN CILEGON CLASS II A COMMUNITY INSTITUTIONS

The role of social institutions in the context of developing prisoners in prisons, especially Cilegon prisons, needs to be increased so that the Binaa residents, after they have finished serving as prisoners, when they are released, have truly become good human beings in the community. Both from a religious and moral perspective and obeying legal regulations. The aim of this research is to determine the role of Cilegon Prison in the context of developing citizens in Class II Cilegon Correctional Institutions. The research method uses a quantitative descriptive approach with data analysis using descriptive statistics. The instrument used in this research is the researcher, who acts as a "human instrument" to obtain the required data. The researchers used observation guidelines, interview guidelines, and questionnaires aimed at each data source, Head of Cilegon Prison, Residents of Cilegon Province Prison. Banten. From the results of research and discussions, it is clear that in the last 3 years the pattern of training inmates in Cilegon prisons has been successful with a significant reduction in criminal cases, especially general criminal cases, and a reduction in recidivists re-entering Cilegon Provincial prisons. Banten, where the consistent application of criminal law for repeat criminals with increased punishment and the provision of special treatment for recidivist prisoners, is expected to reduce the number of recidivist prisoners. In general, there is no difference in the mechanism for training ordinary prisoners and recidivist prisoners. The form of guidance for recidivist prisoners is more focused on independent activities, so that it is hoped that recidivists who have already committed crimes will no longer commit crimes and after leaving their sentence will be well received by the outside community

해방직후 대한민국임시정부의 통일운동

This paper is about the unification movement of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea(PGRK) right after liberation. On December 20, 1945, PGRK finalized the Founding Line. The first step was to establish a transitional government by convening the Emergency Political Council that included people from all political forces. Therefore, PGRK's unification movement is defined as a series of activities to involve all political forces in the Emergency Political Council. On the first stage, PGRK negotiated with political parties and organizations, but failed to narrow down the differences with the left-wing forces, ending on January 5 1946. On the second, PGRK tried to convene a five-party meeting to serve as a preliminary meeting for the Emergency Political Conference, but this also failed, ending on January 16. Finally, PGRK abandoned negotiations with the left-wing forces and decides to convene the Preliminary meeting of the Emergency Political Conference, by unilateral notification. PGRK's unification movement failed due to the lack of participation from the left-wing forces. This was a major reason why PGRK lost the momentum to implement the Founding Line and participated in the “political organization” plan of Syngman Rhee and the U.S. Army Military Government in Korea instead of pursuing independent activities.

Learning Strategy Oriented to High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)

The aim of the research is to describe High Order Thinking Skills-oriented Indonesian language learning strategies in learning at school. The research method used is qualitative. The approach in this research is descriptive qualitative. The data used is in the form of various learning strategies in the independent curriculum related to the implementation of Indonesian language learning activities in schools. Data sources were obtained through scientific articles and journals which theoretically have been proven to be relevant regarding the relevance of using HOTS (High Order Thinking Skill) oriented Indonesian language learning strategies. Data collection techniques use library research. Data analysis techniques use reading, listening and taking notes. Data validity techniques through theoretical triangulation. The research results show that (1) Indonesian language learning strategies are oriented towards high level thinking including project based learning, problem based learning, discovery learning, and inquiry. (2) learning Indonesian using the project based learning model will make students active, creative and innovative in producing learning products. (3) The use of the problem based learning model in Indonesian language learning makes students trained to formulate and solve problems carefully so that independent activities and constructive thinking can be mastered by students. The use of discovery learning and inquiry models makes students more skilled in critical thinking to find new ideas and understanding in learning Indonesian. The criteria for learning strategies oriented at a high level of thinking are based on the 4Cs as characteristics of 21st century learning.

Proposal for a Human–Machine Collaborative Transfer System Considering Caregivers’ Lower Back Pain and Cognitive Factors in the Elderly during Transfer Movements

With the aging society in Japan, the number of elderly people residing in elderly facilities is increasing. In previous study, we developed a transfer assistive device designed to aid the elderly in transferring from the bedroom to the bathroom. Additionally, the device assists the elderly with standing and sitting to facilitate independent toileting activities. We verified that, throughout the entire transfer movement, the lumbar burden on caregivers remained below 3400 N. In this study, based on quantitative evaluation indices of transfer movements, the relationship between the lumbar burden on caregivers and factors such as psychological anxiety or cognitive impairment in the elderly during the use of a transfer assistive device was elucidated through motion analysis. We developed a control algorithm for the human–machine collaborative transfer system with the aim of alleviating the strain on the caregiver’s lower back while ensuring the elderly can use the device with peace of mind. The practicality of the control algorithm was verified.

Transfer-Learning-Based Human Activity Recognition Using Antenna Array

Due to its low cost and privacy protection, Channel-State-Information (CSI)-based activity detection has gained interest recently. However, to achieve high accuracy, which is challenging in practice, a significant number of training samples are required. To address the issues of the small sample size and cross-scenario in neural network training, this paper proposes a WiFi human activity-recognition system based on transfer learning using an antenna array: Wi-AR. First, the Intel5300 network card collects CSI signal measurements through an antenna array and processes them with a low-pass filter to reduce noise. Then, a threshold-based sliding window method is applied to extract the signal of independent activities, which is further transformed into time–frequency diagrams. Finally, the produced diagrams are used as input to a pretrained ResNet18 to recognize human activities. The proposed Wi-AR was evaluated using a dataset collected in three different room layouts. The testing results showed that the suggested Wi-AR recognizes human activities with a consistent accuracy of about 94%, outperforming the other conventional convolutional neural network approach.

Sex differences in insulin regulation of skeletal muscle glycogen synthase and changes during weight loss and exercise in adults.

The authors sought to understand sex differences in muscle metabolism in 73 older men and women. Body composition, VO2max, and insulin sensitivity (M) by 3-hour hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp with vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were measured. Women had lower body weight, VO2max, and fat-free mass than men. Men had lower M, lower change (insulin minus basal) in muscle glycogen synthase (GS) activity, and lower change in AKT protein expression than women. M was associated with the change (insulin-basal) in GS activity and the change in AKT protein expression. Sex differences (n = 60) were tested with 6-month weight loss or 3×/week aerobic exercise training. The postintervention minus preintervention change (insulin-basal) (∆∆) in GS activity (fractional, independent, total) was higher in men than women in the weight loss group and ∆∆ in GS fractional activity was higher in women than men in the aerobic exercise group. In all participants, ∆∆ in GS fractional and independent activities was related to ∆∆ in AKT expression and glycogen content. Sex differences in insulin sensitivity may be explained at the cellular muscle level, and to improve skeletal muscle insulin action in older adults, it may be necessary to recommend different behavioral strategies depending on the individual's sex.

Profile of Self-Regulated Learning on First-Year Students at Science Education Department in Online Learning

<p dir="ltr"><span>Online learning requires students to study independently and manage lectures according to the time set. Researchers need to know the criteria for self-regulated learning of first-year students at the Physics Education Department. This paper aims to determine self-regulated learning during online learning. The study used a quantitative research approach with a survey method. The Online Self-Regulated Learning Questionnaire (OLSQ) collected the data, a 20-item scale with a 5-point Likert-type response format. The sample of this study was 131 students of physics and chemistry education study programs. Each was randomly selected to see how their respective study programs implemented independent learning activities during online learning. The results showed that each indicator of independent learning in online learning received a positive response through the OLSQ instrument that had been distributed. The disciplined behavior indicator has a higher percentage, followed by the exercise self-control indicator. Generally, the pre-service students have self-regulated learning with high criteria. This result can provide a good contribution and open for further research. The implication of this research can be a reference for lecturers to improve online and self-regulated learning quality.</span></p><div><span><br /></span></div>

Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training on Muscle Strength for the Prevention and Treatment of Sarcopenia in Older Adults: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Sarcopenia is a significant health concern primarily affecting old adult individuals, characterized by age-related muscle loss, and decreased strength, power, and endurance. It has profound negative effects on overall health and quality of life, including reduced independence, mobility, and daily activity performance, osteoporosis, increased fall and fracture risks, metabolic issues, and chronic diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular conditions. Preventive strategies typically involve a combination of proper nutrition and regular physical activity. Among strength training exercises, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) stands out as the most effective approach for improving muscle function in older adults with sarcopenia. The current review identifies and summarizes the studies that have examined the effects of HIIT on muscle strength in older adults as an element of the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. A systematic search using several computerized databases, namely, MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science, was performed on 12 January 2023, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 224 studies were initially retrieved. A total of five studies met the selection criteria. HIIT training shows improvements in body composition and functional and cardiorespiratory capacity, has benefits on muscle strength, increases muscle quality and architecture, and is associated with muscle hypertrophy in healthy older adults. Nonetheless, given the shortcomings affecting primary research in terms of the limited number of studies and the high risk of bias, further research is warranted.

Providing International Solidarity In The Fergana Valley In The Years Of Independence Is A Guarantee Of Sustainable Development

The article analyzes the activity of national cultural centers in the regions of Ferghana Valley during the years of independence, the spiritual and educational activities conducted by them using materials from primary sources and periodical press publications

Embedding Counselors in Student Health Centers: Exploring Challenges to Implementing the Primary Care Behavioral Health Model

ABSTRACT Embedding counselors in various campus locations has been one strategy to address the student mental health crisis. The aim of this study was to evaluate challenges to implementing the primary care behavioral health (PCBH) model, in which behavioral health counselors (BHCs) are embedded within the college health center, and to explore characteristics associated with differing levels of PCBH fidelity. Seventy-one BHCs working in college health centers completed the online fidelity survey. Most respondent scores denoted moderate or strong fidelity to the PCBH model. Psychologists showed better adherence to autonomous clinical aspects of PCBH while social workers/counselors showed better adherence to collaborative aspects of PCBH. Overall findings suggest fidelity to PCBH by BHCs in college health is driven by independent clinical activity more than interdisciplinary collaboration. Strategies for developing and evaluating a PCBH program that complements the specialty mental health services offered through counseling centers are discussed.

Properties of biomolecular condensates defined by Activator of G-protein Signaling 3.

Activator of G-protein signaling 3 (AGS3; also known as GPSM1), a receptor-independent activator of G-protein signaling, oscillates among defined subcellular compartments and biomolecular condensates (BMCs) in a regulated manner that is likely related to the functional diversity of the protein. We determined the influence of cell stress on the cellular distribution of AGS3 and core material properties of AGS3 BMCs. Cellular stress (oxidative, pHi and thermal) induced the formation of AGS3 BMCs in HeLa and COS-7 cells, as determined by fluorescent microscopy. Oxidative stress-induced AGS3 BMCs were distinct from G3BP1 stress granules and from RNA processing BMCs defined by the P-body protein Dcp1a. Immunoblots indicated that cellular stress shifted AGS3, but not the stress granule protein G3BP1 to a membrane pellet fraction following cell lysis. The stress-induced generation of AGS3 BMCs was reduced by co-expression of the signaling protein Gαi3, but not the AGS3-binding partner DVL2. Fluorescent recovery following photobleaching of individual AGS3 BMCs indicated that there are distinct diffusion kinetics and restricted fluidity for AGS3 BMCs. These data suggest that AGS3 BMCs represent a distinct class of stress granules that serve as a previously unrecognized signal processing node.

Education About Correct Exercise and the Effectiveness of Measuring Pulse Rate Before, During and After Exercise

Exercise is highly essential to maintain good health, especially in the current era heavily reliant on technology. Moreover, with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic that has led to changes in the education system, shifting from in-person to online learning, the use of gadgets has surged while physical activities like sports have declined. The increased use of gadgets underscores the need for awareness and education regarding the importance of exercise and how to do it correctly. This outreach program aims to enhance understanding of the significance of exercise and proper exercise techniques, as well as improve knowledge and skills in setting exercise goals and measuring heart rate before, during, and after physical activity.This program was attended by 60 participants who were 11th-grade students from SMA N 1 Pekalongan. The activity took place on Saturdays, starting from 8:00 AM to 2:00 PM. The outreach team consisted of four lecturers and two students from the Physical Education Program at Muhammadiyah University Pekajangan Pekalongan. Based on the pre-test and post-test results, there was an improvement in participants' understanding of proper exercise techniques and the effectiveness of heart rate measurement before, during, and after exercise. In conclusion, students' understanding of the importance of proper exercise and its relation to heart rate measurement needs to be enhanced, and one effective way is through educational activities, training, and guidance. These activities aim to empower students to engage in independent physical activity and reduce the use of gadgets that contribute to sedentary behavior in today's generation. Additionally, some recommendations for schools as part of the follow-up plan include increasing the quantity of physical activities within the school environment, optimizing the promotion of a healthy and active lifestyle among students, and teachers serving as role models for students in maintaining health and fitness through proper exercise.

ACTIVATION OF PEDAGOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL OPPORTUNITIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INDEPENDENT EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY OF THE FUTURE MUSIC TEACHERS

This article presents ideas on the pedagogical importance of developing the independent learning activity of future music teachers, the technologies and didactic games used in the development of independent learning activity of future music teachers.

METHODS OF FORMING STUDENTS' CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS THROUGH LITERARY EDUCATION

Given article is dedicated to questions of the shaping the critical thinking pupils in process of the study of the literary product. In her are determined pedagogical conditions of the shaping beside pupils independent estimation of the artistic product, in count, calculate, list which is named interaction of the teacher and pupils in the course of analysis of the artistic text, enrichment pupils literary knowledge, development to independent activity pupils and the main -a critical approach to estimation of the product and his (its) heroes.

Penerapan Projek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila (P5) tentang Kearifan Lokal pada Kurikulum Merdeka di MIN 1 Kutai Timur

<p><em>To support the quality of education in Indonesia, the Independent Curriculum concept is implemented through the Pancasila student profile. The Strengthening Pancasila Student Profile Project is present as an effort to develop the character of students' Pancasila student profiles. Through this project, students are invited to observe the surrounding environment in order to find solutions to various existing problems.</em><em> </em><em>This research aims to determine the implementation of the Strengthening Pancasila Student Profile (P5) Project activities at MIN 1 East Kutai and its impact on students. This research uses a qualitative approach. Qualitative research methods are used as a study of natural object conditions. The approach used by researchers in the research is a qualitative descriptive approach.</em><em> </em><em> Data was collected through observation and interviews with one of the teachers at MIN 1 East Kutai. Through observations and interviews, field notes are produced which researchers use as a consistent data source and support research findings.</em><em> In</em><em> implementing the independent curriculum, students create or implement projects. Implementation of P5 activities is one of the independent curriculum project activities. Activities carried out at MIN 1 East Kutai with the theme of Local Wisdom "Food and Batik Typical of Kutai" resulted in P5 activity projects in the form of 1) making Kutai serabi, 2) making typical Kutai pulut rice, 3) making typical Kutai tamarind vegetables, 4) making typical Kutai batik. T</em><em>he result of t</em><em>his research contributes to understanding the importance of implementing the Independent Curriculum and integrating the six Pancasila Student Profiles in learning. This research also provides guidance for educational institutions in integrating the Pancasila Student Profiles in learning and optimizing the implementation of the Independent Curriculum. Thus, this research provides an overview of the importance of thorough preparation in planning P5 activities in order to form a Pancasila Student Profile that is in accordance with the objectives set by the Ministry of Education and Culture, Research and Technology.</em><em></em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keyword:</em></strong><em> independent curriculum, teacher preparation, local wisdom, project for strengthening pancasila student profiles.</em></p>

Digitalisation and professional training of medical specialists in Ukrainian universities: A case study in health education

Relevance. The COVID-19 pandemic and the introduction of martial law in Ukraine have contributed to the increased use of digital technologies in all spheres of life, including education.Purpose. The purpose of this study was to identify ways to improve professional training in Ukrainian higher education institutions in the context of digitalisation of education, specifically in the healthcare sector.Methodology. To fulfil this purpose, the methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as the interview method and the author�s questionnaire were used.Results. This paper covered the changes in the professional training of Ukrainian students caused by the active development of distance education and digital technologies. To obtain information on the professional training of specialists in the context of digitalisation, a study was conducted among 263 students of Ukrainian medical institutions. The findings of this study showed that students face difficulties in using modern technologies both when studying and in professional practice. Dynamic changes in the use of modern technologies in professional training require greater involvement of educational institutions in this process, namely: creating courses, electives, conducting trainings for students, holding online meetings with leading experts, introducing technologies such as artificial intelligence and virtual reality into the educational process.Conclusions. It was found that effective training of specialists in the context of digitalisation of the educational process should be based on the following principles: the principle of consistency, the principle of activity, consciousness and independence, the principle of purposefulness, the principle of interaction between classroom, and independent learning activities. These principles are interdependent and ensure effective training of future specialists and develop in them the desire for self-education and lifelong development. The findings of this study can be used by the management of higher education institutions and teachers to improve the educational process in the context of digitalisation, as well as by students for professional self-improvement.

Readiness of medical graduates to self-guided work in primary health care organizations

Aim. To study the opinion of senior medical students about their readiness for self-guided practice in primary health care organizations.Material and methods. In 2023, a continuous cross- sectional social study was conducted among 5th and 6th year students of the Northern State Medical University (Arkhangelsk), of which 137 were from pediatric faculty (5th year — 70, 6th year — 65), 266 — general medicine faculty (5th year — 140, 6th year — 126).Results. An insufficient level of readiness of medical graduates for self-guided practice in primary health care facilities was revealed. Only 19,0%, after passing the primary accreditation, aim to immediately work as a local pediatrician and a local general practitioner, while 44,2% are not ready to begin independent practical activity. The main work direction of a local physician is considered to be prevention by 67,2% and 28,6% of senior pediatric and general medicine students, respectively. More than 75% of graduates are ready to work independently in a medical information system, but 15,1% of respondents are not sure that they will be able to independently make an electronic sick note, while 41% — a referral for disability examination, and about a third of graduates — fill out a statistical electronic form.Conclusion. The study results confirm the need to strengthen the practice in the training of medical students and introduce a mentoring system in primary health care facilities.

The influence of phonetic competence on the success of cross-cultural communication

Problem. The developed phonetic competence is a prerequisite for successful cross-cultural communication, as it ensures mutual understanding of interlocutors in communication. The limited number of hours for learning a foreign language in a technical university, on the one hand, and the emergence of an increasing number of digital educational tools, on the other hand, require the search for new means of teaching phonetics in the context of preparation for cross-cultural communication. Goal. To analyze the methods of developing phonetic skills of non-linguistic HEI students and to propose new approaches to the combined development of phonetic and sociocultural competences using modern digital technologies. Methodology. It is determined that mastering the phonetic system of the language means a high level of development of phonetic skills, which include auditory-pronunciation, intonation, receptive and reproductive skills. The stages of formation of phonetic competence are traced, and a number of principles underlying the teaching of pronunciation are highlighted. The existing approaches to the formation of phonetic competence are analyzed, it is indicated that most effectively the task of teaching pronunciation can be solved using the audio-lingual method, which involves repeated listening and pronunciation of speech fragments, and leads to the formation of certain language automatisms. When developing new methods of forming phonetic competence, mobile technologies can be actively used, which allow learning the language at any convenient time and in any convenient place. Results. For the combined formation of phonetic and cross-cultural competences using the audio-lingual method, the course "Cultural sketches" was developed, which included thirty culture-related topics covering the most diverse fields of culture: Each topic was presented as an audiovisual file with parallel translation, the texts were processed using translingual strategies, which imply the alternating use of native and foreign languages, giving students the opportunity to practice language fragments as many times as they needed to consolidate the material and bring it to automaticity. Originality. Phonetic competence was formed in combination with cross-cultural competence, which implies assimilation of a wide range of sociocultural knowledge from various fields of human activity, using the method of audiovisual translation, which was implemented thanks to the use of mobile technologies. Practical value. The experience of practical work with the use of mobile tools for teaching phonetics shows that this approach makes it possible to increase the level of phonetic competence in the use of the English language by future specialists, and also stimulates them to self-development and independent activity.