Increase In Storage Period Research Articles

Development of RTS from papaya (Carica papaya L.) and aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller.) pulp

Investigation on development of RTS from papaya and aloe vera blended pulp during the year 2015-2016. The prepared quality RTS from 10 % blend, 13 % TSS, 0.25 % acidity and 70 ppm SO2 were found to be best during organoleptic evaluation. The developed RTS was packed in sterilized glass bottles (200mL capacity) and stored at room temperature for storage study. The storage ability of prepared RTS the TSS, acidity, reducing sugars, total sugars and browning were increased, whereas ascorbic acid, non-reducing sugar and organoleptic quality was decreased with increased storage period.

Quality and weight grades classification of stored commercial Table eggs marketed in supermarket and grocery stores in Riyadh city during winter and summer seasons according to GCC standard

A total of 1440 eggs were obtained from two different marketing channels, four supermarkets and grocery stores located in different area of Riyadh city during summer and winter seasons of 2018/2019. Thirty eggs were collected from each marketing channel/ month during winter and summer seasons. Eggs collected from each marketing channel were numbered individually, weighed to the nearest 0.1 g. Thereafter, the eggs were randomly divided into three experimental groups of 30 eggs (replicates) each. The eggs in the different experimental groups were either immediately analyzed (Control, time zero), stored for 7 or 14 days in refrigerator at 4–6 °C and 40–60% relative humidity to simulate egg consumption pattern of Saudi Arabian's families. Egg weight, Haugh unit values, Albumin pH cleanness, and soundness grade percentages and egg price were determined for all individual eggs in each experimental groups at the end of storage period than egg quality and weight grades were classified according to GCC. The results indicated that seven and fourteen days of storage period led to a significant (p ≤ 0.05) decrease large egg weight, AA and A Haugh unit and albumin pH percentages grades, whereas moderate egg weight, B and C Haugh unit and albumin pH percentages grades increased with increased storage period. On other the hand, eggs purchased from supermarket stores had significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher AA and A Haugh unit, albumin pH, moderate egg weight, broking of soundness grad percentage than those purchased from grocery stores. They also have lower B and C Haugh unit and albumin pH, very large, large and small egg weight, dirty of cleanness and cracked of soundness grades percentages than those obtained from grocery stores. Eggs obtained in winter season had significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher AA and A. Haugh unit and albumin pH, large and large egg weight spots of dirt grades percentages but have lower B and C Haugh unit and pH and small weight grades percentages and egg price than those purchased in summer season. From the results reported herein, we conclude that storage period, marketing channel and season play a significant role in affecting quality traits of Table eggs marketed in Riyadh city. Table eggs purchased from supermarkets and in winter season showed better quality than those obtained from grocery stores and in summer season, respectively.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ADDING ROSEMARY AND GINGER EXTRACTS ON MEAT QUALITY DURING FREEZING STORAGE

The aim of the this experiment was to determine the effect of adding rosemary (0.05%)and ginger extracts (0.5%) on microbial and oxidative stability in meat lamb stored at -18º c for 150 days. Results revealed that there is steady rise (p<0.01) in microbial count and oxidative rancidity in untreated and treated samples with increasing storage period up to 150 days .Also , a significant (P≤0.01) reduction in all bacteria count (P≤0.01) ,TBA was observed in samples treated with ginger or rosemary extracts as compared with untreated samples .It was noticed that addition of ginger extract is more effective against formation of TBA than rosemary extract, however no difference exist between them on antimicrobial agent.

The Antioxidant Activity Components Change of Pears Subject to Static and Dynamic Loads

ABSTRACT The present research investigated the effect of static and dynamic loading in various storage periods on the amounts of pears’ components like total phenol content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and Vitamin C amount. in this investigation was subjected to static loading (thin-edge and wide-edge compression) using three different force and for dynamic loading using three weights in three different storage periods. Next, the total phenol content, percentage of antioxidant activity and vitamin C were measured. The results showed that the total phenol content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and vitamin C rates were decreased with increasing force and weight loading and also with increasing storage period the amount of components were decreased. The amount DPPH radical scavenging activity, phenol compound and vitamin-C for control sample were 54.36%, 32.5 mg GAE/100 g and 8.3 mg/100Fw respectively, Also for wide loading and thin loading this amount was 35.56 and 37.56%, 13.11 and 21.29 mg GAE/100 g and 5.76 and 6.33 mg/100Fw respectively, For dynamic loading was 25.015%, 11.37 mg GAE/100 g and 5.82 mg/100Fw respectively. In general, the highest amount for the total phenol content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and vitamin C obtained in thin-edge loading, also the wide-edge and dynamic loading had more effect on decreasing phenol and vitamin-C in pear during storage.

Kinetics and Quality of Quinoa Seeds After Drying and During Storage

This study aimed to assess the effect of different drying forms, environments, and storage periods on germination and sanitary quality of quinoa seeds cv. BRS Syetetuba. Seeds were submitted to drying in forced air circulation chamber at 30, 40, and 50 °C and in a suspended tray, in full sun, until they reached ±12% of moisture content. The observed drying data were adjusted to 10 mathematical models. The storage for 360 days was continuous in three different environments. Seeds were evaluated at 0, 6, and 12 months for germination, first count of germination, moisture content, and sanity tests. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a split split-plot scheme with four replicates. Among the studied models, Midilli was efficient in describing the drying curves of quinoa seeds. The storage environment influenced the loss of seed quality more than the drying temperature. The increased storage period caused a decrease on fungal seed incidence.

The antioxidant activity and total phenol content of seeds from four species of Apiaceae family under different storage conditions

We aimed to assess the impacts of packaging material (PM), and storage temperature (ST) and period (SP) on the antioxidant activity (AA) and total phenol (TP) content of cumin, Black Zira, fennel, and ajowain seeds using the split-factorial method. The experiments were conducted in triplicate. The SP (either 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, or 15 months) was the main plot. The ST included either 20 ± 3°C or 30 ± 3°C, and PMs were paper, polyethylene, vacuumed aluminium, vacuum polyethylene-polyamide, and the gas compositions of 98% N2 + 2% O2 and 90% N2 + 10% O2. The results showed that the AA of fennel and ajowain seeds and the TP of all of the species decreased with increasing storage period. The AA and TP content of fennel and ajowain were higher at 30 ± 3°C compared to 20 ± 3°C, but cumin and Black Zira contained higher TP content and AA at 20 ± 3°C. Overall, appropriate PMs to maintain the AA and TP content of the seeds during storage were dependent on the plants species.

The antioxidant activity and total phenol content of seeds from four species of Apiaceae family under different storage conditions

We aimed to assess the impacts of packaging material (PM), and storage temperature (ST) and period (SP) on the antioxidant activity (AA) and total phenol (TP) content of cumin, Black Zira, fennel, and ajowain seeds using the split-factorial method. The experiments were conducted in triplicate. The SP (either 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, or 15 months) was the main plot. The ST included either 20 ± 3°C or 30 ± 3°C, and PMs were paper, polyethylene, vacuumed aluminium, vacuum polyethylene-polyamide, and the gas compositions of 98% N2 + 2% O2 and 90% N2 + 10% O2. The results showed that the AA of fennel and ajowain seeds and the TP of all of the species decreased with increasing storage period. The AA and TP content of fennel and ajowain were higher at 30 ± 3°C compared to 20 ± 3°C, but cumin and Black Zira contained higher TP content and AA at 20 ± 3°C. Overall, appropriate PMs to maintain the AA and TP content of the seeds during storage were dependent on the plants species.

Viability of seed-borne fungi Alternaria alternata, Bipolaris sorokiniana and Drechslera teres in barley seeds in the south of Brazil

ABSTRACT Some seed-borne fungi can survive in barley seeds; nevertheless, their survival period is unknown in barley seeds under storage conditions in Brazil. The aim of this study was to quantify the viability of the fungi Alternaria alternata, Bipolaris sorokiniana and Drechslera teres in barley seeds stored for 315 days during the off-season in the south region of Brazil. Each cultivar had 400 seeds disinfested and subjected to seed health testing in potato-dextrose-agar (PDA) from December 2011 to September 2012 at 35-day intervals. Data on fungal incidence and viability as a function of the storage time underwent regression analysis. All three fungi were detected in the five cultivars in all evaluated periods, and their incidence and viability significantly reduced with increasing storage periods. Monthly average reduction in the viability of A. alternata was 8%, while that of B. sorokiniana and D. teres was 10%. At the end of the off-season, viability of A. alternata, B. sorokiniana and D. teres, considering the average of cultivars, remained 49.8, 29.6 and 31.0%, respectively.

Longevity and vigour of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) seed stored under humid tropical ambient conditions

Seeds of 20 pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) genotypes were evaluated for seed longevity and vigour under humid ambient conditions. Cleaned seeds of each genotype were packed into a polyethylene bag, the packaged lot was electrically sealed and thereafter placed in a seed store under ambient conditions (30 ºC, RH 75 %). Seed samples were withdrawn at 0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 days after storage for seed quality parameters evaluation. The experiment consisted of two factors which were genotype and storage duration and was a laid out in a completely randomized design with three replications. Data were collected on rate of seed germination, seed viability, seedling length, seedlings fresh mass, seedlings dry mass and seedling vigour index. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance and significant treatment means were separated using Tukey’s HSD test at 5 % probability level. PROBIT modelling was also used to predict the seed longevity of stored pigeon pea. Significant differences were observed in all seed quality attributes evaluated among the 20 pigeon pea genotypes and storage time except seedling fresh mass. Seed quality attributes decreased significantly with increasing storage periods. Genotypes NSWCC-18A, NSWCC-24, NSWC-34 and NSWCC-29A were identified to be superior for most of the seed quality attributes evaluated. PROBIT modelling result revealed that genotype NSWCC-29b had the highest storage life (16.28 months) and the highest storage potentials in terms of seed viability and other seed quality attributes of all seed lots.

Chemical Indicators of Ostrich Struthio camelus Linnaeus, 1758 Meat Burger Prepared by Adding Different Fat Levels During Frozen Storage

This study included preparation of ostrich meat burger with different levels of ostrich fat. The first treatment was free-fat and the second treatment 5% fat, the third treatment was 10% fat, the fourth and the fifth was 15% and 20% respectively and stored in 18 ± 2 co for 120 days. Changes in chemical indicators were studied including peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), free fatty acids (FFA) and total volatile nitrogen (TVN) during storage periods 1, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days. The results showed that there is significantly increased (P <0.05) in PV, TBA and FFA by increasing the fat levels and the storage periods while TVN decreased by increasing fat levels and increased storage periods.

EFFECT OF WATER QUANTITY AND FOLIAR SPRAY WITH SOME SAFELY SUBSTANCES ON GROWTH, YIELD QUALITY AND STORABILITY OF GARLIC 2- STORABILITY AND VOLATILE OIL PERCENTAGE

Two field experiments were carried out during two successive winter seasons of 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 at the Experimental Farm, El Kassasein Horticultural Research Station, Ismailia Governorate, to clarify the effects of different rates of irrigation water ,i.e.( 1300, 1950 and 2600 m3/ fed.) and foliar spray with some safely substances ,i.e.( Potassium chloride at 1% ,Algae extract at 0.3%, Potassium humate at 0.2%, Calcium carbonate at 6% and control treatment) on volatile oil percentage and oil yield per plant of garlic plants (Allium sativum L.) cv. Chinese, grown under sandy soil conditions using drip irrigation system. This work aimed also to study the effect of the abovementioned treatments on garlic plants during storage at different periods; i.e., 40, 80, 120, 160 and 200 up to 320 days. Irrigation water quantity at 2600 or 1950 m3/ fed. were the superior treatments which significantly increased volatile oil percentage and oil yield per plant. Aqueous solution of calcium carbonate at 6% and/ or potassium humate at 0.2% as foliar spray had a promotive effect, on volatile oil percentage and oil yield per plant. The interaction between calcium carbonate at 6% and/ or potassium humate at 0.2% and irrigation water quantity at 2600 or 1950 m3/ fed. enhanced volatile oil percentage and oil yield per plant. Regarding storage experiment, the obtained results showed that there were a considerable and a continuous increase in weight loss and sprouting % as the storage period was extended, while TSS% was increased by increasing storage period. Increasing irrigation water up to 2600 m3/fed. significantly increased weight loss and sprouting %, while TSS% was decreased. Foliar application with calcium carbonate at 6% and/ or potassium humate at 0.2% were the superior treatments for increasing TSS% and decreasing weight loss and sprouting percentage. As for the triple interaction treatments, the beast values of weight loss, sprouting and TSS% at the end of storage period were noticed by irrigation with1300 m3/fed. and foliar spray with CaCo3 and/or potassium humate followed by irrigation with 1950 m3/fed. with the same foliar application solutions

EFFICIENCY OF SOME ESSENTIAL PLANT OILS ON SEWEE DATE PALM FRUIT SPOILAGE CAUSED BY Botrytis cinerea UNDER COLD STORAGE CONDITIONS

Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits is considered among the most storage products playing an important role in economic, nutrition and special life in the Arab countries. Fungi are the main source of fruit rots and spoilage, thus reduces their economic value. Seven fungal species were isolated and identified from date fruits cv. Sewee collected at harvesting of Siwa oasis, Egypt, using dilution plate method. The most frequency identified fungi were Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium sp., Aspegillus niger, Alternaria alternata and Fusarium oxysporium, while, Trichoderma sp. and Rhizopus sp. were the lowest detected ones. Washing of date fruits with sterile water decreased the numbers of associated fungi compared with unwashed the control treatment after harvesting (zero time). While pasteurization treatments at 80oC of Sewee date fruits completely reduced the number of fruits associated fungi followed by pasteurization at 70oC compared with zero time. Botrytis cinerea Fr. Res was the most frequently isolated fungus causing the highest spoilage incidence on date palm cv. Sewee. Botrytis cinereal, inoculated date fruitsstored under cooled temperature for six months, increased infection and severity percentage. The lowest date fruits infection was recorded after one month, while the highest infection was calculated after the 6th month of cold storage. In vitro experiment revealed that ginger, cinnamon, clove, olive and thyme oils at 5% were the most effective essential plant oils completely inhibiting mycelial growth of B. cinerea, while, anise, sesame and fennel oils were the lowest effective ones. In vivo evaluation of antifungal activities of essential plant oils were recorded on healthy and B. cinerea infected date fruits as a coated treatment. Treatment date fruits with oil highly reduced spoilage caused by B. cinerea for 6 months cold storage period. Ginger, lemon, castor, clove, cinnamon, and olive oils were the most effective onesat 6 months of cold storage period. Generally, date fruits of infection were markedly increased with increasing storage period in oil treated and untreated fruits, as well as in inoculated or un-inoculated fruits. Botrytis cinerea fungal count on inoculated date palm fruits increased significantly with the prolonged storage period for all treatments. Oils coated fruits significantly recorded the lowest fungal count compared to un-treated inoculated ones. Coated date fruits with essential plant oils recorded the highest fruit firmness (FF), reduced the incensement in juice TSS, increased total sugars, markedly decreased tannin contents, and total phenols percentage as increasingcold storage period.

USE OF CHITOSAN TO IMPROVE THE TOLERABILITY OF CODIAEUM VARIEGATUM PLANTS TO TRANSPORT PERIODS

The aim of this study was to improve the tolerability of Codiaeum variegatum plants to transport and postharvest handling by using chitosan. It was conducted at Antoniades Research Branch, during the seasons of 2017 and 2018. Three concentrations of chitosan (0.0 ,500 and 750 ppm) were used as a foliar spray on the plants, then packing in carton box and stored at 15.5 ° C and 73%RH for different periods (0-time, 5, 10, 15 and 20 days).The results cleared that the foliar spray of chitosan at 500 ppm recorded the highest decrease in water loss rate (WLR), relative water loss (RWL), intensity of transpiration, leaves drop percentage (LDP) , proline and reducing sugars content. Also this treatment gave the highest chlorophyll a and b content. However RWL, LDP and proline content were increased by increasing the storage period. The lowest intensity of transpiration was recorded after the 10th day of storage. Also chlorophyll a and b were decreased by increasing storage period.

The effect of storage period on the viability of Triplochiton scleroxylon K. Schum. seeds

Abstract Triplochiton scleroxylon is a tropical timber with much popularity on the international market. The use of this tree for reforestation programmes has not been very successful partly due to the plant's irregular seed supply and speculations of seed viability loss after long storage periods. Using germination test on nursery beds, this study investigated the optimum storage period for T. scleroxylon seeds kept in a sterilized sack under room conditions (25 °C and 65% Relative Humidity) for twelve (12) months. Germination characteristics such as First Day of Emergence (FDE), Mean Emergence Time (MGT), Final Germination Percentage (FGP) and Germination Index (GI) of the seeds were compared. Increasing storage period was associated with high FDG and MGT. Similarly, FGP and GI were lower for seeds stored for long periods (e.g. 16% and 2.6 respectively for seeds stored for 12 months) than those stored for short periods (e.g. 82% and 34.1 respectively for seeds stored for 2 months). The differences between the means of the germination characteristics for the storage periods were statistically significant (p

USE OF CHITOSAN TO IMPROVE THE TOLERABILITY OF CODIAEUM VARIEGATUM PLANTS TO TRANSPORT PERIODS

The aim of this study was to improve the tolerability of Codiaeum variegatum plants to transport and postharvest handling by using chitosan. It was conducted at Antoniades Research Branch, during the seasons of 2017 and 2018. Three concentrations of chitosan (0.0 ,500 and 750 ppm) were used as a foliar spray on the plants, then packing in carton box and stored at 15.5 ° C and 73%RH for different periods (0-time, 5, 10, 15 and 20 days).The results cleared that the foliar spray of chitosan at 500 ppm recorded the highest decrease in water loss rate (WLR), relative water loss (RWL), intensity of transpiration, leaves drop percentage (LDP) , proline and reducing sugars content. Also this treatment gave the highest chlorophyll a and b content. However RWL, LDP and proline content were increased by increasing the storage period. The lowest intensity of transpiration was recorded after the 10th day of storage. Also chlorophyll a and b were decreased by increasing storage period.

피톤치드패드와 유황패드를 사용한 포도저장 시 품질특성 연구

In order to study the shelf life of grapes, appearance, weight loss, shattering rate, pH, titratable acidity, sugar content, color, free sugar, organic acid, and ethanol contents of grapes grown in were measured for 12 days of storage at room temperature by treatments with phytoncide pads derived from pine tree (phytoncide pad 1 and phytoncide pad 2) and a sulfur dioxide pad as well as a control group with pad only. As the storage period increased, the color of the sulfur dioxide pad changed to red. The weight reduction rate significantly increased by the sulfur dioxide pad treatment and the lowest weight reduction rate was obtained by the phytoncide 2 treatment. The percentage of the highest shattering rate was determined on the 12th day of storage in the control. Moreover, the sulfur dioxide pad treatment was carried out at the lowest pH, and the phytoncide 2 treatment at the highest pH. Titratable acidity increased until the 6th day of storage, but decreased at the 12th day for both treatments. The sugar content decreased with increasing storage period, and the control group showed the highest decrease with 13.13-13.50 °Brix on the 12th storage day. The L and a value were increased in the sulfur dioxide pad treatment, and the b value increased in all treatments except the phytoncide pad 2 treatment at the 12th day of storage. Fructose content was 56,805.88-67,157.12 mg/L on the 12th day of storage. In the phytoncide pad 1 treatment, it showed a low decrease in fructose content during the storage period. A similar decrease in the content of tartaric acid, which is the highest content in the organic acids of grapes, was observed in all treatments except in the control. The lowest increase in ethanol content was observed in the phytoncide pad 2 treatment during the storage period. Therefore, grapes were better preserved by the phytoncide pad 2 treatment at room temperature than that by using conventional sulfite pads.

Effect of different cold storage periods of rearing host eggs on the performance of the parasitoid Trichogramma evanescens (Westwood) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

Laboratory experiments were carried out to evaluate the acceptance of Trichogramma evanescens (Westwood) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) to long and short cold storage periods of the host, the Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella Olivier (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) eggs. The eggs were stored at 5 °C for 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 days, before exposing to the parasitoid. Fecundity, longevity, percentage of adult emergence, sex ratio, and general productivity (GP) were investigated. Storage period to 5 days showed the highest productivity of (28.16 females), with a parasitism efficiency of 85.64%. Increasing storage periods to 10, 15, and 20 days reduced the general productivity of the females to 22.90, 15.00, and 7.75 females, respectively, accompanied by decreased parasitization efficacy values 69.65, 46.62, and 23.57%, respectively. The 30-day storage period decreased sharply the fitness components of Trichogramma females. Generally, the results indicated that the storage period to 5 days was the most favorable.

Evaluation of various emulsifying salts addition on selected properties of processed cheese sauce with the use of mechanical vibration damping and rheological methods

The scope of the study was the employment of an innovative method beneficial to evaluate the impact of various emulsifying salts (ES) addition on selected properties of processed cheese sauces (PCS). The ES applied were disodium hydrogenphosphate (DSP), tetrasodium disphosphate (TSPP), pentasodium triphosphate (PSTP), sodium salt of polyphosphate n ˜ 20 (POLY) and trisodium citrate (TSC). Moreover, the examined effect was observed in two groups of samples, (i) PCS with non-adjusted pH and in (ii) PCS with adjusted pH. The hardness of the samples was influenced by the type of the applied ES, pH, and storage period. The PCS produced with DSP:TSPP (1:1; without pH adjustment) exhibited the higher hardness which was also confirmed by the increasing samples viscosity and storage modulus. The results obtained by the mechanical vibrations damping analysis were analogous to rheological analysis. Generally, it was found that more viscous PCS exhibited “better” vibration damping properties, which was reflected by a shift of the first resonance frequency peak position to lower frequencies. In case of all investigated samples it was verified that the increasing storage period caused increasing stiffness and led to a shift of the first resonance frequency peak position to higher frequencies.

Qualidade de ovos brancos comerciais em diferentes temperaturas de conservação e período de estocagem

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of storage temperature and storage period on the external and internal quality of commercial white eggs. A total of 375 extra eggs of commercial white laying hens of the Hy-line line were allocated in a completely randomized design in a 2 x 7 factorial scheme (temperature x storage period), totaling 14 treatments with five replicates of three eggs each. The treatments were room temperature (26.5oC) and refrigerated (11oC) and seven storage periods (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 days). There was an interaction (P<0.05) between the factors evaluated for percentage ​​of albumen and yolk, Haugh unit, yolk index and raw yolk color. A reduction in the internal quality of the eggs was observed throughout storage at room temperature compared to refrigerated eggs. Weight loss of the eggs increased in a quadratic manner (P<0.05) and specific gravity decreased linearly (P<0.05) with increasing storage period. The weight loss was intensified at room temperature. In conclusion, white eggs stored at room temperature show marked quality losses, mainly during storage for up to 30 days. Eggs kept under refrigeration can be stored for up to 20 days without changes in internal quality.

Shelf Life Evaluation of Chicken Meat Nuggets Incorporated with Gooseberry (Pulp and Seed Coat) Powder as Natural Preservatives at Refrigerated Storage (4±1°C)

Antimicrobial effect of gooseberry pulp powder (GPP) and gooseberry seed coat powder (GSCP) were used as natural preservative in spent-hen meat nuggets. Treated product along with control were studied for their physico-chemical, proximate analysis and sensory quality during storage at refrigeration temperature (4±10C). As storage day advanced, pH, and TBARS, Microbiological count also increased significantly (p≤0.05) were increased in all samples. Coliform counts were not found during whole storage period. Proximate analysis crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre and ash content of the products showed non-significantly (p ≤ 0.05) effect with increasing storage period, however there was a significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in the moisture content. The sensory attributes were decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) in all samples of nuggets during storage at refrigeration temperature (4±10C). On the basis of all results, it can be said that nugget with the incorporation of GPP and GSCP were improve the shelf life and highly acceptable.