Increasing Livestock Production Research Articles

Biological availability of mineral elements

The animal husbandry industry is the leading branch of our country’s agro-industrial complex, on the one hand, its development determines the level of public consumption of valuable food products, and on the other hand, the economic well-being of the agricultural sector of the economy. It is known that the productivity of farm animals depends on feeding and keeping conditions by 70–80 % and on genetic potential by 20–30 %. Balanced animal nutrition is an important part of the efforts to increase livestock productivity, it is based on meeting the energy and nutrient needs of animals and poultry at different ages. If this requirement is met, you can expect high growth and development of young animals, and high productivity. The application of biologically active substances, including minerals, as catalysts for metabolism is one of the means to increase animal productivity and resistance. Numerous studies have proven their significant role in the processes of tissue respiration, hematopoiesis, reproduction, nervous and endocrine system functions, and consequently in the processes of strengthening the natural immune defenses of animals. Breeders use different sources of macro- and microelements to compensate mineral deficiencies in the diet. It can be mineral additives of industrial production, or natural sources or industrial waste containing certain mineral elements. The availability of certain macro- and microelements in mineral sources, the cost of these additives, and the costs of their purchase and transportation are important. Particular attention is paid to the mineral nutrition of poultry, which has high growth energy, intensive metabolism and a well-developed reproductive function. Special attention is focused on the mineral nutrition of poultry, as they have high growth energy, intensive metabolism and a well-developed reproductive function. An unbalanced mineral nutrition significantly reduces the body’s productivity and resistance, causes significant metabolic disorders, reproductive disorders and diseases, which can often cause poultry death. The most common reason for the declining productivity and immune system is insufficiently balanced feeding in the conditions of production intensification. The intensive use of poultry causes changes in metabolism, reducing the content of micro and macro elements, vitamins and other biologically active substances in the body.

Relationship between grass height, grazing management and avifauna in livestock systems in the eastern region of Uruguay

In the natural grasslands of the Río de la Plata, where livestock production can coexist with biodiversity, effective pasture management practices play a critical role. This study combines two approaches to shed light on the relationship between livestock management and bird species. The first study analyzes birds' responses to various variables influenced by livestock management. Field data were collected and 69 bird species were analyzed across 454 paddocks on 46 properties in the eastern region of Uruguay. We found that artificial grasslands had a negative impact on many bird species, while the presence of tussock patches (grasslands) was associated with positive effects, especially in endangered species. Grassland specialists exhibited sensitivity to grass height, responding positively to tussock patches but negatively to tree coverage. Adjusting livestock stocking rates to control grass height emerges as a valuable tool to promote grassland specialists. The ideal scenario for bird biodiversity involves a mosaic of native grasslands, both short and tall, interspersed with tussock patches and trees. Additionally, we found that species-specific responses were influenced by bird traits, such as body size and foraging behavior, enhancing predictive capacity for pasture management. The second study focused on assessing bird responses to changes in management on six properties to increase grass height, thereby improving dry matter intake by livestock and potentially increasing livestock production. Although the average grass height increased from 6 cm to 12 cm, bird abundances and species richness did not vary. However, since the abundances of the assessed species remained constant with increasing grass height (and thus, available dry matter for livestock), we conclude that it is possible to protect a subset of grassland specialist birds while potentially increasing livestock production.

Addition To Green-Based Feed Preparations With Fermentation Technology Innovation Good Ruminant Feeding Practices

Improving ruminant feed quality is an important factor in increasing livestock productivity and health. To improve feed quality, accompanying forage-based ruminant feed preparation with fermentation technology innovation is the focus of community service activities. Accompanying forage-based ruminant feed preparations with a fermentation technology approach is intended to optimize the nutrition and microbial content in the feed, thereby increasing the availability of nutrients and digestion of livestock, with impact factors on growth, animal health, and milk production. Fermentation technology innovations can improve feed quality by increasing nutritional content, reducing anti-nutritional ingredients, and increasing nutritional availability for livestock without depending on or being influenced by changes from the rainy season to the dry season.

Herbage responses and animal performance of nitrogen-fertilized grass and grass-legume grazing systems

AbstractThe study evaluated forage and livestock performance in different grazing systems over two years. Treatments were three contrasting grazing systems: (I) N-fertilized bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flüggé) in the summer overseeded during the winter by N-fertilized ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and oat (Avena sativa L.) (Grass + N); (II) unfertilized bahiagrass during the summer overseeded with ryegrass + oat and a blend of clovers (Trifolium spp.) in the winter (Grass + Clover); (III) unfertilized bahiagrass and rhizoma peanut (RP; Arachis glabrata Benth.) mixture during summer, overseeded during winter by ryegrass + oat + clovers mixture (Grass + Clover + RP). Average daily gain (ADG), gain per area (GPA), and stocking rate (SR) in the winter did not differ across treatments and averaged 0.87 kg/d (P = 0.940), 303 kg/ha, and 2.72 AU/ha. In the summer, Grass + Clover + RP had greater ADG than Grass + N (0.34 vs. 0.17 kg/d, respectively). During the summer, the GPA of Grass + Clover + RP was superior to Grass + N (257 vs. 129 kg/ha, respectively), with no difference in SR among treatments at 3.19 AU/ha. Over the entire year, ADG and GPA tended to be greater for Grass + Clover + RP. Annual SR differed between treatments, where Grass + N was greater (3.37 AU/ha) than the other treatments, which averaged 2.76 AU/ha. Integration of legumes into pasture systems in the summer and winter contributes to developing a sustainable grazing system, reducing N fertilizer use by 85% while tending to increase livestock productivity even though SR was decreased by 18%.

Livestock increasingly drove global agricultural emissions growth from 1910–2015

Emissions from agricultural activities constitute 11% of global greenhouse gas emissions and are hard to abate. Here, we present and analyze a consistent empirical assessment of global emissions from agricultural activities from 1910–2015. Agricultural emissions increased 3.5-fold from 1910–2015, from 1.9 to 6.7 GtCO2eq yr−1. CH4 emissions, emissions from enteric fermentation and from livestock products contributed the highest fractions of emissions by gases, processes, and products, respectively. A decomposition analysis quantifies the contribution of major drivers of agricultural emissions dynamics. It reveals that globally and across the entire period, changes in population, agricultural production per capita (‘output’), regional distribution of production (‘regional mix’), and composition of final products (‘product mix’, i.e. a shift towards livestock production) all contributed to increasing agricultural emissions. Conversely, declining emissions per unit of production (‘emissions intensity’), particularly for livestock, partly counterbalanced the emissions increase. Significant variations prevail across regions and time periods. Most notably, the composition of final products counteracted agricultural emissions increase from 1910–1950, but growing livestock production has become an increasingly important driver of emissions growth in more recent periods. This finding unravels that increases in livestock production offset the improvements in emissions intensity of industrial agricultural intensification. Our findings underscore the large potential of reducing livestock production and consumption for mitigating the climate impacts of agriculture.

Climate change and livestock production in Sub‐Saharan Africa: Effects and transmission channels

AbstractThis article assesses the effect of climate change on livestock production in Sub‐Saharan Africa, for a sample of 45 countries over the period 2000–2021. Using a two‐factor fixed effects panel data model, our results obtained by the two‐way fixed effects estimator show that (i) climate change negatively influences livestock production through high temperatures, while abundant rainfall is beneficial. (ii) Through transmission channels, we find that maize price volatility exacerbates the negative effect of rising temperatures on livestock production, while it reduces the beneficial effect of abundant rainfall. Furthermore, we find that water availability mitigates the adverse effect of rising temperatures on livestock, while enhancing the beneficial effect of rainfall on livestock. Finally, we concede that conflicts reduce the beneficial effect of rainfall on livestock production. To increase livestock production in Sub‐Saharan Africa, we recommend: the practice of pastoralism, based on the production of plants and fodder adapted to climate change, the improvement of animal nutrition, and the inclusion of breeders in the decision‐making process in the cattle industry.

Comparison of genetic diversity of LEP gene between Indonesia domestic goats: Etawa Cross and Senduro Goats

Abstract. Amrullah MF, Utomo B, Utama S, Lestari TD, Suprayogi TW, Restiadi TI, Belgania RH, Pakpahan S, Khairullah AR, Kurniawan SC, Silaen OSM, Hasib A. 2023. Comparison of genetic diversity of LEP gene between Indonesia domestic goats: Etawa Cross and Senduro Goats. Biodiversitas 24: 6567-6573. The leptin (LEP) gene is a gene that functions to produce the hormone leptin secreted by fat tissue that can increase livestock productivity. This study aimed to identify the profile of the LEP gene between Etawah Cross goats and Senduro goats. Gene profiling includes single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and phylogeny tree reconstruction. Furthermore, 10 whole blood samples from 5 Etawah Cross goats and 5 Senduro goats were collected from goat farms in Lumajang District, Lumajang Regency, Indonesia. The Research procedure involved collecting blood samples, extracting DNA, amplification using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method using specific primers, and nucleotide sequencing method. The edited DNA sequences were aligned with some DNA sequences (n=32) of the Capra hircus group published in Genbank. The results of this study obtained the alignment of the LEP gene sequences of Etawah Cross goats and Senduro goats, including T723A, G729A, G758A, A763T, G774C, T1100C, and G1454A. Based on the LEP gene phylogeny tree, Etawah Cross goats and Senduro goats belong to the same clade and have a close kinship with the Bligon goats. The profile of the LEP gene between Etawah Cross goats and Senduro goats varies so that further studies can be carried out to look for the relationship between SNPs and the productivity traits of the LEP gene.

Unexploited economic and environmental benefits from cultivated forages in Zambia

Abstract Livestock production is critical for improved food and nutrition security, sustainability of ecosystems, and resilience. Zambia, like many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, aspires to increase livestock’s contribution to the Gross Domestic Product and generate economic opportunities. Global environmental change, however, and the potential of ruminant production to exacerbate it, requires the implementation of innovative and pragmatic technologies for mitigation of and adaptation to the adverse effects of environmental change. Feeding of quality cultivated forages is one of the improved options to address such challenges, especially with dismal cultivation in the country. Cultivated forages provide multiple benefits including an increase in livestock productivity and soil health and reduced greenhouse gas emission intensity. In this study, the seed requirement of promising forage crops to offset the current ruminant roughage gap is estimated. The nutritional and economic benefits of including forages in beef and dairy rations, and associated projected greenhouse gas abatement, are presented. Consequently, the study proposes contextualized business models in Zambia based on both demand-pull factors and supply-push technologies. Zambia is land-linked with eight neighboring countries, and a member of both the Southern African Development Community and the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa trade blocks. Therefore, Zambia could produce forage seeds for domestic use as well as the regional market. In addition, it can be a hub for feed production for drier neighboring countries and locations with good livestock production, thereby benefiting the whole region.

Managing Grass Height for Birds and Livestock: Insights from the Río de la Plata Grasslands

Success in conserving biodiversity in rangelands depends on effectively managing the systems to achieve positive economic outcomes while preserving biodiversity. In the native grasslands of the Río de la Plata region, livestock production often falls below its potential due to low forage availability. Cattle management strategies that promote taller grass height can increase forage mass without replacing native vegetation, enhancing cattle dry matter intake and potentially boosting production. Nonetheless, the impact of such changes on grassland bird populations remains unclear. In this study, we implemented management changes to increase grass height across six ranches and evaluated the responses of grassland bird specialists. Initially, the average grass height was 6 cm, but after the management changes, it increased to an average of 12 cm. This also increased grass heterogeneity, which is desirable for supporting a higher richness of grassland birds. We found that both the abundances of individual grassland bird species and richness did not vary after the management changes. Moreover, threatened grassland bird species that rely strictly on taller grasses did not colonize the paddocks following the alterations. Therefore, we conclude that maintaining the abundance of seven grassland bird specialists and potentially increasing livestock production is feasible, as the attained grass height coincided with levels known to maximize cattle dry matter intake rate. However, achieved average grass height was not sufficiently tall to support endangered tall grass specialists. It is possible that longer time frames allow tussocks to grow taller and provide such habitat conditions. Most previous research on rangelands biodiversity has focused on assessing faunal responses in either ungrazed or heavily grazed areas. Therefore, our findings contribute to a better understanding of faunal responses within this spectrum and align with a win-win production-conservation approach, which can aid in safeguarding biodiversity across large geographic scales.

HAEMOPARASITIC INFECTIONS AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS AMONG CATTLE SLAUGHTERED AT KATSINA CENTRAL ABATTOIR, KATSINA STATE, NIGERIA

Cattle are essential for the growth and maintenance of a country's economy, but different blood parasites (Haemoparasites) can reduce their production, which causes both direct and indirect financial losses for the livestock industry. The incidence of hemoparasites and risk factors related to them were investigated in cattle butchered at the principal abattoir in Katsina. At the point of slaughter, 500 blood samples were aseptically taken, processed, and checked for hemoparasites by identifying parasites on thin blood smears stained with Giemsa. A prevalence of 8.4% was recorded overall. Anaplasma, Babesia, Microfilaria, and Trypanosoma, four genera of bovine hemoparasites, had prevalence rates of 4.0%, 2.4%, 2.4%, and 0.8%, respectively. The prevalence of hemoparasites was found to be greater in females (8.8%) than in males (7.7%), however there was no statistically significant difference (P 0.05). All breeds evaluated during the study tested positive for haemoparasites; the highest frequency, 16.1%, was found in Adamawa Gudali, followed by Sokoto Gudali (10.3%), White Fulani (7.2), and Red Bororo (6.8%). According to the study's findings, there is no statistically significant difference between breeds in the prevalence of haemoparasites (P 0.05). Young people were more likely to have high prevalence (9.1%) than adults (6.4%) or those who were older (8.7%). The current study has identified the haemoparasite status of cattle put to death at the principal abattoir in Katsina. Consequently, to increase livestock productivity, appropriate preventive and control measures are required.

150 Repeatability of Rangeland Behavioral and Social Traits Derived from Gps Collars

Abstract The ability of an individual to cope with stressors in their environment is going to be paramount in the face of climate change. Rangeland livestock experience harsh conditions including heat and/or cold stress, water and feed restrictions and risk of predation. In extensive management systems, the ability to capture the capacity to cope with stressors of an individual in its environment is encumbered by remote locations with difficult terrain and no access to power or the internet. GPS collars can provide insights into individual land-use behavior, e.g., their impact on the environment or ability to cope with stressors, and social interactions, e.g., mothering ability. GPS collars (n = 112) developed at the University of Idaho were deployed on 57 ewes and 55 lambs (45 ewe-lamb pairs) in an extensive rangeland environment at the Great Basin Research and Extension Center in Eureka, NV. The collars recorded location data every 10 minutes from July 27th to August 18, 2022. Coordinate fixes were successfully recorded 67.11 ± 27.12% of the time and resulted in a kept record occurring every 60 ± 202 minutes. Of the ewe-lamb pair devices, 43 pairs contributed 801 ± 703 paired records (i.e., records that occurred within 5 minutes of each other). GPS coordinate locations, and their respective capture times, allow for the analysis of distance traveled, water usage, dispersion, and ewe-lamb distance. Distance traveled was analyzed on a daily basis with a weighted median distance imputed for all travel times that lasted more than 900 seconds. Dispersion was defined as the distance of an individual from the centroid of the flock in meters, and was transformed to a Z-score based on the position of individuals with GPS coordinates captured within 10 minutes of the measurement of the individual. Ewe-lamb pair distances were cube root transformed. Twin status, dam line, age, and day were fitted as fixed classes to estimate the repeatability of records for mature ewes. Repeatability estimates of daily distance traveled, daily water usage, and daily dispersion were 0.22 ± 0.05, 0.30 ± 0.06 and 0.10 ± 0.03, respectively. Daily ewe-lamb distances had a repeatability estimate of 0.45 ± 0.08. Day of recording was significant for daily distance traveled (P-value = 2.72×10-4) and water usage (P-value = 1.06×10-3). No other effects were significant in any of the models. In conclusion, PLF tools are an enabling technology that allow for passive data capture in remote locations. Our findings suggest that GPS collars can elucidate a variety of land use and social behavior traits that could serve as meaningful criteria for selection in extensive livestock production settings. Selection on these indicators of resilience may increase livestock productivity and welfare by increasing heat stress tolerance via the analysis of novel behavioral traits seen on extensive rangelands.

Pelatihan Pembuatan Pakan Fermentasi Dalam Penyediaan Pakan Fermentasi Di Kelompok Tani-Ternak Di Kabupaten Majene

Agricultural waste that is not processed properly will cause environmental pollution. in Banggae District, Majene Regency have agricultural waste that has not been utilized optimally and also farmers who own livestock, so the aim of this service is to provide education and training regarding fermented feed for livestock. This activity is carried outtake place in June 2023 in Banggae District, Majene Regency, West Sulawesi. Participants who took part in this activity were: member Livestock group in Banggae' District. The method used is socialization, training theory and practice, as well as assistance in making fermented feed. Results of activities shows that fermented feed is very useful for dealing with animal feed, especially in dry season. The training activities went well and were useful for realizing feed independence by utilizing local potential agricultural waste. Mentoring activities are still needed for program sustainability. Fermented feed has better nutritional value and preferably livestock so that it can increase livestock production.

The Development of New Methods to Stimulate the Production of Antimicrobial Peptides in the Larvae of the Black Soldier Fly Hermetia illucens.

(1) The global population is projected to reach a staggering 9.8 billion people by the year 2050, leading to major concerns about food security. The necessity to increase livestock production is inevitable. The black soldier fly (BSF) is known for its ability to consume a wide range of organic waste, and BSF larvae have already been used as a partial substitute for fishmeal. In contrast, the use of antibiotics in livestock feed for growth promotion and prophylaxis poses a severe threat to global health owing to antimicrobial resistance. Insect antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have shown the potential to rapidly disrupt target bacterial membranes, making bacterial resistance to AMPs a less likely concern. (2) In this study, we explored various methods for stimulating AMP synthesis in BSF larvae and found that thermal injury effectively induced the production of various AMP types. Additionally, we investigated the activation of innate immune response pathways that lead to AMP production following thermal injury. (3) Interestingly, thermal injury treatment, although not involving bacteria, exhibited a similar response to that observed following Gram-positive bacterial infection in eliciting the expression of AMP genes. (4) Our findings offer support for the industrial use of BSF to enhance livestock production and promote environmental health.

Effect of Concentration of Antioxidant Quercetin on Semen Quality of Boer Goat during Cold Storage using Andromed Extender

Artificial insemination (AI) is a reproductive technology aimed at increasing livestock productivity resulting in animals with superior genetics. Storing semen at cold temperatures can damage sperm quality, one way to improve semen quality is by adding antioxidants such as Quercetin, which has been shown to have a positive effect on sperm quality. The objective of this research is to determine the effect of Quercetin on sperm quality in cold storage using Andromed extender on 5 years old Boer goat using artificial vagina. The method of this research was using Completed Randomized Design (CRD) Factoral two-factors. Variable being tested was motility, viability, abnormality and membrane integrity of spermatozoa. Data was analyze using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), if there was a significant or significantly differences of treatment then continued by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Result showed that additional of quercetin and storage time had a significantly differences (P<0.01) effect on motility, viability and membrane integrity and did not have significant (P<0.05) effect on percentage of abnormality. The best result shown that additional of quercetin at 30 μM diluted with Andromed extender for 24-hour cold storage has the best treatment for semen quality.

Assessment of the inclusion of a feed additive of sodium humate derived from freshwater sapropel in diets for broiler chickens.

Poultry production is the fastest growing livestock industry in the world, as the rapid growth of and efficient absorption of feed by poultry ensure the production of poultry meat with a relatively low carbon footprint. Seeking new ways to increase livestock productivity as well as poultry product quality, the number of research studies on the use of humic substances of various origins in livestock farming has increased significantly, emphasizing the role of feed additives derived from local resources. The unique capability of humic substances to improve metabolic processes allows the immune protection of the bird body to be strengthened and production efficiency to be increased. This study aimed to identify the effects of sodium humate (NaHum) on the growth performance of broiler chickens and selected blood and ileum microbiota parameters. Dietary research was conducted 2 times under production conditions in a poultry facility of a commercial company, with 210 1-day-old, unsorted broiler chickens of both sexes (Ross 308). The broiler chickens were fed with standard commercial feed, the rearing period of 35 days, and slaughtered on day 36. Sodium humate additive was added to drinking water for the research groups of broilers in period from 8th to 35th day of life, 25 mL (Group 1, n = 2 × 35) and 50 mL (Group 2, n = 2 × 35) per liter of drinking water. Sodium humate contained an average of 4.48% dry matter, a kilogram of dry matter containing 104.3 g of crude protein, 3.6 g of crude fiber and 0.9 g of crude fat, 14.3 MJ of metabolic energy, and 5.8 MJ of energy for live weight gain, as well as a very high content of crude ash -759.8 g, including 4.2 g Ca, 4.2 g Na, and 4.81 g Fe, the dry matter digestibility of NaHum was 87.0%, and the absorption capacity of dry matter was 113.2%., the pH level was 13.0, i.e., alkaline. At the end of the dietary research, the productivity and economic efficiency of the research groups of broilers were calculated by live weight gain, carcass weight, feed conversation ratio, and blood and intestinal samples of broilers were analyzed to identify the effects of NaHum on the growth performance and health status of broilers. Dietary research found that adding 25 mL/L and 50 mL/L of NaHum to drinking water for the broiler chickens increased their live weights at the selling age, average live weight gains by 3.06-3.93%, and carcass weights by 5.07-6.06%, while feed conversion increased in terms of both live weight (1.5 and 1.51) and carcass weight (1.84 and 1.86) compared with the control group. The best economic performance in terms of the economic efficiency index and the cost index (CI) was found in Group 1, which was fed with the NaHum additive at an intake rate of 25 mL/L. The NaHum additive modulated the ileal microbiota and metabolic processes in the broiler body. At the same time, a significant decrease in the levels of total protein, alkaline phosphatase and phosphorus (P) in blood was found in the research groups. Considering the positive effects of NaHum derived from freshwater sapropel on the productivity and economic efficiency of broiler chickens, the NaHum feed additive should be further investigated on a larger scale to obtain results that could reasonably be used in practice. This study concluded that a decrease in P levels in the blood was observed when NaHum was added to the drinking water; therefore, it is important to continue the research to draw reasonable conclusions on the effects of NaHum in liquid form on the health performance of farm animals.

Agricultural Credit Policy and Livestock Development in Nigeria

This research aimed to provide empirical information on the relationship between the livestock production index and the credit policy environment in Nigeria. Time series data were used, and an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound test approach was adopted to establish the presence of co-integration among series. The estimated long and short run models showed stability, best quality, efficiency and unbiased. The findings showed that in the long run, total credit to the agricultural sector from commercial banks and domestic credit to the private sector both had significant positive influence on livestock production, while agricultural credit guarantee scheme loans to livestock units exhibited a negative impact. In the short run, agricultural credit guarantee scheme loans to livestock, lending interest rate, and domestic credit to the private sector negatively relate to livestock production. However, the commercial banks’ total credit to the agricultural sector showed a positive effect on livestock production in the short run. The implication of the findings indicates a need to increase total commercial credit to the agricultural sector and domestic credit to the private sector, to reassess the agricultural credit guarantee scheme, and to lower the lending interest rate for agricultural credit – these as a means for increasing livestock production in the country.

THE IMPACT OF THE FREQUENCY OF DIFFERENT FORAGE MIXED WITH GINGER POWDER ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF KAUR CATTLE

Kaur cattle, Bengkulu's local livestock genetic resources (SDG-T), must be preserved and utilized to increase livestock production. The purpose of this study was to determine the productivity of Kaur cattle through observing the results of feed consumption, daily body weight gain, and feed conversion. For the purpose of this study, twelve Kaur bulls aged 1.5 to two years, weighing between 160 and 180 kilograms were used. Green feed is given by adding ginger flour 1% of body weight and is regulated in the number of times it is given. Cattle feed consists of dry matter as much as 3% of body weight. For this study, the main feed was concentrate and elephant grass (70%: 30%). There were three treatment groups, each with four repetitions. P1 is given once every day at 08.00 am; P2 is administered twice daily at 08.00 am and 12.00 pm; and P3 is given three times every day at 08.00 am, 12.00 noon, and 16.00 pm. Data is evaluated by ANOVA and unidirectional pattern. The results showed that the average daily feed consumption from highest to lowest was P3=9.44±9.50; P2=9.33±9.39; P1=8.87±8.90 kg/head/day. The average daily body weight gain from highest to lowest was P3=1.45±1.49; P2=1.32±1.36; P1=1.12±1.17 kg/head/day. The results show that there is no significant difference between the two. P3=9.19±9.23; P2=9.05±9.10; and P1=8.71±8.79. There was no significant difference in feed conversion from highest to lowest. Consumption of forage and ginger flour at different times did not affect the productivity of Kaur cattle.

Effect of Rye for Transition Sows on the Level of Piglet Serum Immunoglobulin Immunocrit

A sustainable increase in livestock productivity cannot be achieved without the use of sustainable animal feed. Due to the growing awareness of the long-term benefits of sustainability, there is an increasing interest in replacing traditional feed resources with the most sustainable feedstuffs in pig production. Rye production is relatively sustainable compared to wheat. This farm study investigated whether the newborn body weight as well as antibody transfer in piglets (serum immunoglobulin immunocrit) are affected by feeding rye instead of wheat grain to transition sows. A total of 237 sows and their piglets (n = 711) from three farms located in northern Germany participated in this study. During the transition period, the sows were fed either a wheat-based diet used as the control diet (CON) or a 30% rye diet (RYE) for 7 days before the calculated farrowing date. On the day of farrowing, piglet body weights within 24 h post-natal (PN) were recorded, and blood samples were taken from the lightest, medium, and heaviest piglets in each litter to determine the quantification of immunoglobulins in the piglets. Feeding rye-based diets to the sows showed no differences in the body weight of the newborns (within 24 h) compared to the CON group in all body weight categories, except on Farm C in light and medium piglets, where high BW were observed in the CON group. The immunocrit ratio did not show any differences between both feeding groups. A relationship between newborn body weight and immunocrit ratios in the CON and the RYE groups was observed only on farm A. Overall, this study showed that including amounts of rye up to 30% in sows’ diets during the transition period had no negative effects on newborn piglet body weight or on antibody transfer and therefore can be considered an adequate replacement for wheat (up to 30%) in diets for transition sows. However, future research is needed to determine whether a higher proportion of rye may be used.

Utilization of Local Resources with Fermentation Technology as a Feed for Native Chickens

Community service is carried out to solve problems faced by the community. One of the problems local chicken farmers face is the limited quality of feed resources. Therefore, community service was provided by training on making fermented feed made from local resources as feed for native chickens. This activity was carried out in the Manuk Amerta Group, Asahduren Village, Pekutatan District, Jembrana-Bali.This activity was organized in collaboration with the Faculty of Animal Husbandry UNSRAT Manado. Training activities run well and are helpful in realizing feed independence by utilizing local potential agricultural waste. Mentoring activities are still needed for program sustainability. Fermented feed has better nutritional value and is preferred by livestock to increase livestock production.

Factors Supporting the Success of Artificial Insemination in Beef Cattle in East Langsa District Langsa City

Cattle farming plays a crucial role in ensuring food security and meeting the protein requirements of humans. It is not only appealing due to its simplicity in care but also because it can make use of plant-based feed. Artificial insemination (AI) can be employed to boost the cattle population. This study aimed to analyze the factors influencing the success of AI in beef cattle within the East Langsa District of Langsa City. The sampling method utilized was purposive sampling, involving 42 respondents. Statistical analysis involved classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression, and hypothesis testing to identify the factors impacting the success of AI in beef cattle. Data processing was conducted using the SPSS computer software. The results revealed that the AI tool variables (X2), including inseminator origin, inseminator service, AI success rate, and AI equipment, had a significant effect (significance value 0.010) on the success of artificial insemination (Y). Similarly, the inseminator variable (X4), involving inseminator ability without special education, AI special education, inseminator ability to detect cattle in heat, and the inseminator's capability to insert frozen semen into the uterus even when the animal is not in heat, demonstrated a significant impact. Conversely, examining the livestock condition variable (X1), such as no sick cows in the last year, cows in good health before AI, and yearly calving, did not exhibit a significant effect (significance value 0.816). Further research is urgently required, incorporating additional variables to strengthen the factors that can enhance artificial insemination and increase livestock production.