Increased Blood Calcium Research Articles

12520 Preliminary Findings From An Ongoing Open-label Phase 2 Study Demonstrate That The Calcilytic Encaleret Can Improve The Relationship Between Blood And Urinary Calcium In Individuals With Post-surgical Hypoparathyroidism

Abstract Disclosure: I.R. Hartley: Research Investigator; Self; Calcilytix Therapeutics, Inc. R.I. Gafni: Research Investigator; Self; Calcilytix Therapeutics, Inc. K.L. Roszko: Research Investigator; Self; Calcilytix Therapeutics, Inc. X. Li: None. E.A. Ferguson: Research Investigator; Self; Calcilytix Therapeutics, Inc. C.A. Moore: Research Investigator; Self; Calcilytix Therapeutics, Inc. K.A. Pozo: Research Investigator; Self; Calcilytix Therapeutics, Inc. K.T. Ampuero: Research Investigator; Self; Calcilytix Therapeutics, Inc. A.V. Sridhar: Employee; Self; Calcilytix Therapeutics, Inc. A.S. Mathew: Employee; Self; Calcilytix Therapeutics, Inc. M. Roberts: Employee; Self; Calcilytix Therapeutics, Inc. S.H. Adler: Employee; Self; Calcilytix Therapeutics, Inc. E.F. Nemeth: Consulting Fee; Self; Calcilytix Therapeutics, Inc. M.T. Collins: Research Investigator; Self; Calcilytix Therapeutics, Inc. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) are the primary regulators of blood and urinary calcium. The independent contributions of PTH and the CaSR on renal calcium handling are not well understood, largely due to their intertwined physiology. In individuals with functioning parathyroid tissue, calcilytics (negative modulators of the CaSR) increase PTH secretion and decrease urinary calcium excretion, leading to increased blood calcium levels. We hypothesized that calcilytic administration to individuals with post-surgical hypoparathyroidism (PSH) may reveal the PTH-independent effects of CaSR modulation on renal calcium handling and clarify the potential therapeutic role of calcilytics in PSH. Four women (26-69y) with PSH enrolled in an ongoing, open-label, phase 2, proof-of-principle study of encaleret, an oral investigational calcilytic (NCT05735015). Encaleret 162 mg was administered every 12 hours for up to 10 doses. Calcitriol was discontinued one day prior to the first dose of encaleret. All participants received calcium supplementation initially. To maintain eucalcemia, 1 participant discontinued calcium supplementation and 3 required re-initiation of low-dose calcitriol (0.25 mcg daily). Results are presented as mean (range) of fasting baseline pre-dose levels compared to fasting levels 12 hours after the last dose of encaleret. Fractional excretion of calcium (FECa), a measure of renal calcium handling that quantifies the relationship between blood and urinary calcium, decreased by 52% (34-78). Albumin-corrected blood calcium increased from 8.4 mg/dL (range 8.1-8.6; nl 8.4-10.2) to 9.3 (8.6-10.7). Urinary calcium excretion decreased from 348 mg/day (range 204-501; nl <250) to 169 (76-350), with normalization in 3 participants and a 30% decrease in the fourth. Baseline PTH of 7.4 pg/mL (range 4.6-10.1; nl 15-65) transiently increased 30 minutes after the first dose to 13.0 (4.5-18.1), then returned to near baseline levels. Bone turnover markers were normal and did not change on encaleret. There were no serious adverse events reported. The only treatment-related adverse events (AEs) were mild hypercalcemia causing headache in 1 participant. Her blood calcium levels continued to be mildly elevated for 60 hours after the last dose of encaleret even after calcium and calcitriol supplementation was discontinued. Despite elevated blood calcium, her 24-hour urine calcium remained <200 mg/day. Encaleret reduced FECa in the first four participants with PSH, improving the relationship between blood and urinary calcium. These preliminary results from this Phase 2 study support continued evaluation of encaleret as an orally administered therapy for the treatment of patients with PSH. Presentation: 6/1/2024

Risedronate prevents exercise-induced hypercalcemia but not nausea or vomit in humans: a double blind randomized controlled trial

Reportedly, nausea or vomiting after heavy exercise was associated with post-exercise increased blood calcium (Ca) levels, which was correlated with enhanced bone resorption. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, enrolling 104 healthy trained male members of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Forces. Risedronate (17.5 mg) or placebo was prescribed 3 and 10 days before heavy exercise lasting approximately 5 h. The primary outcome was the severity of nausea or vomiting assessed by a visual analog scale during or post-exercise. The secondary outcomes included clinical symptoms associated with heat illness, post-exercise serum total Ca (tCa), whole blood ionized Ca (iCa), and serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b) levels. The mean age was 26 years. The exercise resulted in a 4.5% weight loss. The two groups were comparable in terms of the symptoms, including primary outcome. However, post-exercise tCa and TRACP-5b were significantly lower with risedronate. A similar result was observed for iCa. The post-exercise urinary Ca/Magnesium ratio and the incidence of hypercalcemia (defined as tCa or iCa levels ≥ each median value of all subjects) were significantly lower with risedronate (78.0% vs. 58.5%). A stronger treatment effect of risedronate on blood Ca levels was observed in participants who lost substantial body weight. Post-exercise hypercalcemia is attributed to enhanced bone resorption but not the cause of nausea.

Lonicera japonica Fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum Improve Multiple Patterns Driven Osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis (OP) represents a global health challenge. Certain functional food has the potential to mitigate OP. Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) solution has medicinal effects, such as anti-inflammatory and immune enhancement, and can be used in functional foods such as health drinks and functional snacks. The composition of honeysuckle changed significantly after fermentation, and 376 metabolites were enriched. In this study, we used dexamethasone to induce OP in the rat model. Research has confirmed the ability of FS (fermented Lonicera japonica solution) to enhance bone mineral density (BMD), repair bone microarchitectural damage, and increase blood calcium levels. Markers such as tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b (TRACP-5b) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) were notably decreased, whereas osteocalcin (OCN) levels increased after FS treatment. FS intervention in OP rats restored the abundance of 6 bacterial genera and the contents of 17 serum metabolites. The results of the Spearman correlation analysis showed that FS may alleviate OP by restoring the abundance of 6 bacterial genera and the contents of 17 serum metabolites, reducing osteoclast differentiation, promoting osteoblast differentiation, and reducing the inflammatory response. This study revealed that Lactobacillus plantarum-fermented honeysuckle alleviated OP through intestinal bacteria and serum metabolites and provided a theoretical basis for the development of related functional foods.

EFFECT OF PROCESSED CHICKEN FEET CONSUMPTION IN INCREASING BLOOD CALCIUM LEVELS AMONG FEMALE ADOLESCENTS

Objective: This study aims to examine the effect of processed chicken feet consumption for a month in increasing blood calcium levels among female adolescents. Methods: This study was carried out using a quasi-experimental method by measuring blood calcium levels before and after the daily consumption of 100 grams of processed chicken feet for a month. Furthermore, the sample population comprised 105 female adolescents who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Blood calcium measurement was performed using the OCP direct colorimetric lab test, data processing used the Intention to Treat (ITT) method, and data analysis was carried out using the Wilcoxon test (α=5%). Results: A significant difference was observed between blood calcium levels before and after the consumption of processed chicken feet over 1 mo, with an average increase of 1.10 mg/Dl. Conclusion: Based on the results, blood calcium levels experienced an increase of 1.01 mg/Dl, equivalent to the consumption of a 500 mg/day calcium tablet.

Spaceflight causes strain dependent gene expression changes associated with lipid and extracellular matrix dysregulation in the mouse kidney in vivo.

To explore new worlds we must ensure humans can survive and thrive in the space environment. Incidence of kidney stones in astronauts is a major risk factor associated with long term missions, caused by increased blood calcium levels due to bone demineralisation triggered by microgravity and space radiation. Transcriptomic changes have been observed in other tissues during spaceflight, including the kidney. We analysed kidney transcriptome patterns in two different strains of mice flown on the International Space Station, C57BL/6J and BALB/c. Here we show a link between spaceflight and transcriptome patterns associated with dysregulation of lipid and extracellular matrix metabolism and altered transforming growth factor-beta signalling. A stronger response was seen in C57BL/6J mice than BALB/c. Genetic differences in hyaluronan metabolism between strains may confer protection against extracellular matrix remodelling through downregulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We intend for our findings to contribute to development of new countermeasures against kidney disease in astronauts and people here on Earth.

2α-Substituted Vitamin D Derivatives Effectively Enhance the Osteoblast Differentiation of Dedifferentiated Fat Cells.

The active form of vitamin D3, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], is a principal regulator of calcium homeostasis through activation of the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Previous studies have shown that 2α-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1,25D3 (O1C3) and 2α-(3-hydroxypropoxy)-1,25D3 (O2C3), vitamin D derivatives resistant to inactivation enzymes, can activate VDR, induce leukemic cell differentiation, and increase blood calcium levels in rats more effectively than 1,25(OH)2D3. In this study, to further investigate the usefulness of 2α-substituted vitamin D derivatives, we examined the effects of O2C3, O1C3, and their derivatives on VDR activity in cells and mouse tissues and on osteoblast differentiation of dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells, a cell type with potential therapeutic application in regenerative medicine. In cell culture experiments using kidney-derived HEK293 cells, intestinal mucosa-derived CaCO2 cells, and osteoblast-derived MG63 cells, and in mouse experiments, O2C2, O2C3, O1C3, and O1C4 had a weaker effect than or equivalent effect to 1,25(OH)2D3 in VDR transactivation and induction of the VDR target gene CYP24A1, but they enhanced osteoblast differentiation in DFAT cells equally to or more effectively than 1,25(OH)2D3. In long-term treatment with the compound without the medium change (7 days), the derivatives enhanced osteoblast differentiation more effectively than 1,25(OH)2D3. O2C3 and O1C3 were more stable than 1,25(OH)2D3 in DFAT cell culture. These results indicate that 2α-substituted vitamin D derivatives, such as inactivation-resistant O2C3 and O1C3, are more effective than 1,25(OH)2D3 in osteoblast differentiation of DFAT cells, suggesting potential roles in regenerative medicine with DFAT cells and other multipotent cells.

More Than Three Years for Normalisation of Routine Laboratory Values after Gluten Withdrawal in Paediatric Coeliac Patients.

We performed a retrospective case-control study in Spanish paediatric patients, including 21 celiac patients and 20 healthy controls. The 21 patients selected in the case-control study were followed for 5 years after starting a gluten-free diet (GFD). All patients had type 3 villous atrophy according to the Marsh-Oberhuber classification. A total of 39 blood samples were taken before the start of the GFD, and 109 were taken after. Twenty control sera from healthy donors were used for comparison. We found that patients had a subclinical but statistically significant increase in blood calcium, transaminases, and white blood cells, and a decrease in serum iron, at the time of diagnosis. Our study also shows that analytical values normalise within five years on a gluten-free diet. The use of a combination of subclinical changes, including low iron, high calcium, elevated leukocytes, lymphocytes, and ALT levels in blood samples, together with a low growth percentile, is pertinent in detecting coeliac disease. This set of parameters could help in the diagnosis of patients without clinical symptoms. We can also show that the levels of Fe, Ca, transaminases, and leucocytes remain subclinically altered after 3 years, despite the gluten-free diet.

THE HISTOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL STUDY OF MORINGA OLEIFERA

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of Moringa oleifera plants on physiological and histological indicators of animals from previous studies. Studies have shown that the moringa plant causes insignificant weight loss in rats. The study also showed that the Moringa plant affected kidney function, that the kidney capsules of the control group were wider than those of the treated mice, and that the results for urea and creatinine were not statistically significant in the experimental animal group compared to the control animal livers. Physiological studies of the enzymes showed no significant difference, as the moringa plant provided protection and maintained the functional integrity of liver cells, while other studies in mice showed that the moringa plant caused a significant increase in blood calcium and phosphorus in patients with bone Moringa oleifera increased levels of fertility hormones (testosterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone) in mice with porphyria and other studies. This study led to the need to increase awareness of the beneficial effects of this miracle tree (Moringa), the daily consumption of Moringa as a herb and even as a spice should be promoted, and the growing area in Iraq should be expanded. This should be considered for future nutritional research focusing on the use of moringa as a mineral supplement.It is too early to recommend Moringa leaves as a medicine for the prevention or treatment of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, cancer and infectious diseases.

Giant parathyroid adenoma presenting with multiple pathologic fractures: A case report

Key Clinical MessageHyperparathyroidism is a common endocrine disorder, which must be suspected in patients presenting with fatigue, history of pathologic fracture and the diagnosis can be confirmed by elevated calcium and PTH levels, and the preferred treatment option.AbstractPrimary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), a common endocrine condition, with elevated parathormone production causes increased blood calcium levels. Parathyroid adenomas cause the majority of PHPT cases. Significant hypercalcemia can result from giant parathyroid adenomas. A calcium crisis may not always arise in these individuals, despite enormous parathyroid adenomas and high parathyroid hormone levels, and the masses may first be mistaken for a thyroid mass. In this article, we discuss the case of a 57‐year‐old Iranian man who suffered from PHPT due to a massive parathyroid adenoma and had a history of extreme fatigue and several traumatic fractures. As specialists, we should have a strong clinical suspicion of giant parathyroid adenoma as reason of hyperparathyroidism. In patients with multiple bone problems such as pain and multiple pathological fractures and elevated levels of calcium and PTH, the diagnosis of GPA must be considered and their preferred treatment is surgery.

Unusual Excessive Swelling of the Tongue after Calcium Acetate Ingestion: A Case Report

Common side effects of calcium acetate include increased blood calcium levels, nausea-vomiting, diarrhea, and fatigue, while side effects of unknown incidence include "swelling". We present the case of an allergic reaction limited to tongue swelling alone, not showing other anaphylactic symptoms. Our case was a female patient who applied to the emergency department with the complaint of isolated tongue swelling three hours after using calcium acetate for treatment. It should be kept in mind that calcium acetate, a food additive, may cause this in patients with the complaint of isolated tongue swelling, but the cause of which cannot be determined.

Effect of dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis TLRI 211-1 on laying performance, egg quality and blood characteristics of Leghorn layers.

TLRI 211-1 is a novel Bacillus subtilis strain. This experiment was to investigate dietary supplementation of TLRI 211-1 on laying performance, egg quality and blood characteristics of layers. One hundred and twenty 65-wk-old Leghorn layers were divided into four treatment groups for 8 weeks experiment. Each treatment had three replicates. The basal diet was formulated as control group with crude protein 17% and metabolizable energy 2,850 kcal/kg and supplemented with TLRI 211-1 0.1%, 0.3%, and commercial Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 0.1% as treatment 2, 3 and 4 groups, respectively. Both TLRI 211-1 and commercial Bacillus amyloliquefaciens were adjusted to contain 1×109 colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL (g), hence the 0.1% supplemental level was 1×109 CFU/kg. The results showed that TLRI 211-1 0.3% and commercial B. amyloliquefaciens groups had higher weight gain than the other groups; TLRI 211-1 0.1% group had better feed to eggs conversion ratio than the control and commercial B. amyloliquefaciens groups (p<0.05). Bacillus subtilis supplementation increased yolk weight (p<0.05). In egg quality during storage, TLRI 211-1 0.1% had higher breaking strength than the control group at the second week of storage (p<0.05). At the third week of storage, TLRI 211-1 0.3% had higher Haugh unit (p<0.05). Hens fed diets supplemented with TLRI 211-1 0.3% significantly decreased blood triglyceride levels and increased blood calcium levels (p< 0.05). TLRI 211-1 0.3% group had lower H2S (p<0.05) and hence had less unpleasant odor in excreta of hens. In conclusion, supplementation with 0.1% TLRI 211-1 can significantly improve feed to eggs conversion ratio. TLRI 211-1 supplementation also can maintain eggs at their optimum quality level during storage. The study showed that B. subtilis TLRI 211-1 can be used as feed additives for improving egg production performance and egg quality.

Calcium imbalance in comorbid gastroduodenal ulcers

Purpose of the study. To study the level of blood calcium, reflecting the functional state of the calcium-regulating system (CRS), in the comorbid course of gastroduodenal ulcers (GDU) with chronic erosive gastritis / chronic erosive duodenitis (CEG/CED), arterial hypertension (AH), their symptomatic nature when taking non-steroidal drugs (NSAIDs) and find out its effect on the activity of the ulcerous process, the state of regional microcirculation and the secretory function of the stomach.Materials and methods. 132 patients with GDU were examined. All patients were divided into groups: the first (39 people) – patients with recurrent peptic ulcer (PU) and CEG/CED, the second – 23 people with recurrent peptic ulcer and hypertension, the third – 20 patients with symptomatic gastroduodenal ulcers (SGDU) when taking NSAIDs. The fourth (control) group included 56 patients with PU without associated pathology.Results and discussion. Recurrence of PUr, comorbid to its course with CEG/CED, AH, SGDU, when taking NSAIDs, occurs with an increase in the level of calcium in the blood, which contributes to the activation of the acid-peptic factor, impaired microcirculation and repair processes in the mucous of the gastroduodenal zone, the development and maintaining the ulcerous process.Conclusion. Gastroduodenal ulcers are accompanied by dysfunction of the calcium regulatory system, which is characterized by an increase in blood calcium, which supports the formation of the main ulcerous mechanisms. In the treatment of comorbid and symptomatic gastroduodenal ulcers, it is necessary to include drugs for correcting the calcium-regulating system, which will increase the activity of sanogenic mechanisms.

PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM. A CLINICAL OBSERVA

Background. Primary hyperparathyroidism is an endocrine disease resulting from a primary pathology of the parathyroid gland, characterized by increased secretion of parathyroid hormone and increased blood calcium levels. Among the endocrine diseases, primary hyperparathyroidism is the third most common after diabetes mellitus and thyroid disease. Without timely diagnosis, primary hyperparathyroidism causes systemic damage to internal organs: renal impairment, nephrolithiasis, esophageal affection, cardiovascular and nervous system and affects bones. The aim of the work was to present a clinical case of a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism and to analyze the stages of its diagnosis and treatment. Material and methods. We reviewed the relevant literature and analyzed the patient’s medical records. Results and Discussion. The patient had a complicated course of primary hyperparathyroidism of bone and visceral form. Despite of the slow progression and availability of screening methods, hyperparathyroidism was detected at the stage of complications. The efficacy of the therapy has been assessed. The underlying reasons that made it difficult to diagnose PHPT at an early stage, before the development of serious complications of internal organs were investigated. Conclusions: It can be assumed that our clinical case will increase the awareness of physicians, especially therapists, about the primary manifestations of this pathology and the challenges of its detecting and avoiding diagnostic errors.

Perubahan antropometri, kalsium darah, tekanan darah, dan kebugaran fisik akibat asupan susu kambing pada olahragawan

Changes in anthropometry, blood calcium, blood pressure, and physical fitness due to goat's milk intake in athletesBackground: The intake of healthy-balanced nutrition is needed by athletes. The complex nutritional content of goat milk such as protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamin, and mineral acts as sports nutrition during and after training. Objective: This study aims to analyze the effects of goat milk on physical fitness, anthropometrics, blood calcium, and blood pressure in athletes. Methods: A clinical trial was conducted using healthy human subjects. Subjects were runners (n=10 people) as the control group and gymnasts (n=19 people) as the treatment group, male, age 21-27 years, and healthy. Bodyweight (BW), Height, and Body Mass Index (BMI), blood calcium, Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), and physical fitness were examined two times, before and after consuming goat milk. Intervention: fresh goat milk, 250 mg/day (after dinner), and given for 90 days. Data were analyzed using a paired sample t-test and independent sample t-test. Results: There was no difference between BW (p=0.07), BMI (p=0.08), and DBP (p=0.24), but instead there was a significant difference in SBP (p=0.00) before and after goat milk intervention in the experimental group. Blood calcium was significantly increased (p=0.00) in the intervention group, whereas reverse decreased significantly (p=0.02) in controls. A significant difference before and after therapy was found in speed (p=0.00), arm muscle endurance (p=0.01), an-aerobic endurance (p=0.00), agility (p=0.02), however, there was no significant difference between leg muscle power (p=0.13), flexibility (p=0.23), an endurance of abdominal muscles (p=0.26), VO2 max (p=1.15) in the intervention group. Conclusions: Regular consumption of goat milk can reduce SBP, increase blood calcium levels, and improve physical fitness (speed, arm muscle endurance, anaerobic endurance, and agility) in athletes. Goat milk is an essential role in sports nutrition for physical fitness and athlete's health.

A CLINICAL CASE OF PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM OF THE OSTEO-VISCERAL FORM

Introduction. Primary hyperparathyroidism is an endocrine disease resulting from a primary pathology of the parathyroid gland, characterized by increased secretion of parathyroid hormone and increased blood calcium levels. Among the endocrine diseases, primary hyperparathyroidism is the third most common after diabetes mellitus and thyroid disease. In Russia, according to epidemiological studies, primary hyperparathyroidism is found in 1% of the population, women suffer 2-3 times more often than men do, and the average age of diagnosis is 54-59 years. In the absence of a timely diagnosis, primary hyperparathyroidism causes systemic damage to internal organs: renal impairment, nephrolithiasis, esophageal affection, cardiovascular and nervous system involvement, and it leads to a violation of bone tissue integrity. The aim is to demonstrate a clinical case of a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism and to analyze the stages of diagnosis of the disease and treatment. Material and methods. The review of medical literature on the problem of diagnostics and treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism was performed, as well as an analysis of the patient’s medical documentation with this pathology. Results and discussion. A variant of complicated course of primary hyperparathyroidism of bone and visceral form is considered. About 15 years passed from the moment of appearance of the first symptoms of the disease to the development of complications of renal and bone system. Despite the slow development of the disease and availability of screening methods, hyperparathyroidism was detected at the stage of complications. This article provides a detailed analysis of the primary hyperparathyroidism history, as well as analyzes the possibilities of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of this pathology. The efficacy of the therapy has been assessed, and ways of correction have been outlined. The analysis of the reasons that made it difficult to diagnose this pathology at an early stage, before the development of serious complications of internal organs, has been carried out. Conclusions: It can be assumed that the presented clinical case will increase the awareness of physicians, especially therapists, about the primary manifestations of this pathology and the peculiarities of its detection and routing the patient, which will allow avoiding many diagnostic errors.

Effects of acidosis on the structure, composition, and function of adult murine femurs

Physiologic pH is maintained in a narrow range through multiple systemic buffering systems. Metabolic Acidosis (MA) is an acid-base disorder clinically characterized by a decrease in systemic pH and bicarbonate (HCO3−) levels. Acidosis affects millions annually, resulting in decreased bone mineral density and bone volume and an increased rate of fracture. We developed an adult murine model of diet-induced metabolic acidosis via graded NH4Cl administration that successfully decreased systemic pH over a 14 day period to elucidate the effects of acidosis on the skeletal system. Blood gas analyses measured an increase in blood calcium and sodium levels indicating a skeletal response to 14 days of acidosis. MA also significantly decreased femur ultimate strength, likely due to modifications in bone morphology as determined from decreased microcomputed tomography values of centroid distance and area moment of inertia. These structural changes may be caused by aberrant remodeling based on histological data evidencing altered OCL activity in acidosis. Additionally, we found that acidosis significantly decreased bone CO3 content in a site-specific manner similar to the bone phenotype observed in human MA. We determined that MA decreased bone strength thus increasing fracture risk, which is likely caused by alterations in bone shape and compounded by changes in bone composition. Additionally, we suggest the temporal regulation of cell-mediated remodeling in MA is more complex than current literature suggests. We conclude that our model reliably induces MA and has deleterious effects on skeletal form and function, presenting similarly to the MA bone phenotype in humans.

PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF SUBCLINICAL MILK FEVER AND KETOSIS IN LACTATING CROSS-BRED DAIRY COWS WITH THEIR THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT IN BANGLADESH

Background: Bovine Milk fever (MF/hypocalcaemia) and ketosis (CK/hypoglycemia and hyperketonemia) both in clinical and sub-clinical forms are the most important metabolic diseases caused by metabolic disorders of calcium and carbohydrate respectively that affect mainly high milk yielding dairy cows worldwide. Sub-clinical form may be more costly due to comparatively high prevalence and consequence of high risk of decreased productive and reproductive performances with increased reproductive and other disorders. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of sub-clinical hypocalcaemia (SCHC) and sub-clinical ketosis (SCK) and to investigate important potential risk factors for SCHC and SCK with their therapeutic management in lactating cross-bred dairy cows. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 220 dairy crossbred (HF  L = 190, SH  L = 20 and JS  L = 10) cows maintained in nine dairy farms and one smallholder farm during the period from July to November 2016. The parity (1 to 8), lactation stages (1 to 13 weeks), body condition score (BCS), breed (3 crossbreds), age (3.5 to 14 years) and milk yield (liter/day) were evaluated as possible risk factors. The serum calcium, inorganic phosphorus, magnesium and glucose concentrations of the 220 dairy cows were determined by using imported commercial kits. Dairy cows with serum calcium concentrations  8.0 mg/dl and serum glucose  44.0 mg / dl with positive ketone tests but not showing any clinical signs were considered SCHC and SCK respectively. Results: The overall prevalence of SCHC was 30.0%, of which 32.11% were recorded in HF  L, 15.0% in SH  L and 20.0% in JS  L cross-bred cows. The overall prevalence of SCK was 25.0%, of which 27.37% in HF  L, 10.0% in SH  L and 10.0% in JS  L cross-bred cows. The SCHC was recorded 10 times greater than MF and SCK 6 times greater than CK in Bangladesh. The hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia with hypermagnesemia status were recorded in SCHC affected lactating cows which were more significantly (p &lt; 0.05) higher (46.67%) at 4th parity and lower (16.67%) at 1st parity. The significantly (p &lt; 0.01) higher prevalence of SCK was recorded at the 4th (53.33%) in comparison to other parity especially lowest at 1st (2.78%) and 2nd (4.0%) parity. The significantly (p &lt; 0.1) highest prevalence of SCHC and SCK were recorded at high milk yield during the 1st (94.44%; 77.78%) and 2nd (66.67%; 56.67%) weeks of lactation period than the higher lactation stages respectively. The effects of BCS on the milk yield and the prevalence of SCHC and SCK are presented and discussed. Encouraging results with increased blood calcium and glucose levels were obtained on the therapeutic response of SCHC with oral calcium and SCK with oral propylene glycol. Conclusions: The SCHC and SCK have detrimental effects on cow health, productivity and reproduction and also predisposes to other diseases and disorders. The efficient balanced ration, periodic screening blood, milk and urine for determination of concerned biochemical constituents and ketone bodies considering risk factors could help to early detection of SCHC and SCK to limit their effects in dairy cattle. The high prevalence of SCHC and SCK recorded in this study should be viewed as a potential health risk to the transition cows that requires further research. Keywords: Sub-clinical milk fever, Sub-clinical ketosis, crossbred cows, prevalence, risk factors, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, glucose, ketone bodies, therapeutic management, Bangladesh

Surgical Indications in Hypophosphataemic Rickets.

Low levels of phosphate in blood secondary to a lack of phosphorous reabsorption in the renal tubule cause hypophosphataemic rickets. To increase blood calcium levels, bone calcium is released into the bloodstream by increasing the activity of osteoclasts in the bones. These alterations in bone metabolism lead to delayed growth and small height, diffuse bone pain, bone fragility with microfractures, and frequent fractures and bone deformities. Although management of some of these conditions is mainly conservative, in cases of bone deformities or severe osteomalacia surgery should be considered: from minimally invasive surgical techniques of guided growth in patients with less deformity and open physeal cartilage to correction osteotomies in three-dimensional deformities. This article briefly reviews the indications for surgery procedures to be performed in these patients, highlighting when to use aggressive and non-aggressive approaches.

Role of Bee Products in the Treatment of Diseases

Humans have always been exposed to various pathogenic and non-pathogenic threats throughout history and have used various ways to treat and control them. One of these methods has been the use of bees and their products. The results showed that honey bee is one of the most powerful organisms that benefits humans most. In addition to participating in pollination and pollination of plants through honey, royal jelly, honey bite venom and propolis, it benefits humans. Honey has many of the healing properties of flowers and plants on earth. Honey quickly absorbs blood and is therefore potent and is extremely effective in blood making. Prevents infection in the stomach and intestine and relieves constipation. Honey has a remarkable effect on relieving muscle fatigue and increasing blood calcium levels. Honey is effective in strengthening the heart and is a good adjunct to the treatment of lung diseases. Its microbicidal properties are useful for diarrhea patients and effective in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers. Bee venom has been used in a variety of ways to treat some diseases, including: rheumatoid arthritis, joint pain, malaria, goiter, neurological and nerve pain, neuritis and edema and some eye diseases such as Iridocycle Iris and severe allergy to bee venom. Is. This wonderful substance has anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-parasitic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-dental effects. It is also used as an immune system booster, oral and gingival remedy, topical anesthetic and blood pressure lowering agent. Medicinal uses of propolis include cardiovascular treatment (anemia), respiratory system, dental care, skin care (wound healing, eczema, wound healing especially burn wounds, fungal disease), infectious diseases (mucous membranes & wounds), Cancer treatments include strengthening the body's immune system, digestive tract (wounds & infections), protecting and strengthening the liver and many more.

Lactobacillus plantarum NK3 and Bifidobacterium longum NK49 Alleviate Bacterial Vaginosis and Osteoporosis in Mice by Suppressing NF-κB-Linked TNF-α Expression.

Excessive expression of TNF-α worsens bacterial vaginosis (BV) and osteoporosis. Therefore, to understand whether probiotics could alleviate vaginosis and osteoporosis, we isolated anti-inflammatory Lactobacillus plantarum NK3 and Bifidobacterium longum NK49 from kimchi and human fecal lactic acid bacteria collection and examined their effects on Gardnerella vaginalis (GV)-induced vaginosis and ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in female mice. Oral gavage of NK3 and/or NK49 significantly alleviated GV-induced vaginosis; these inhibited NF-κB activation and TNF-α expression in the vagina and uterus, and decreased the GV population in the vagina. Furthermore, treatment with NK3 and/or NK49 alleviated ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis and obesity; these increased blood calcium, phosphorus, and osteocalcin levels and suppressed body weight. GV-induced vaginosis and ovariectomy increased colonic myeloperoxidase activity, TNF-α expression, and fecal Proteobacteria population. NK3 and/or NK49 treatments reduced TNF-α expression and NF-κB activation in the colon. NK3 and NK49 treatment also restored GV- or ovariectomy-disrupted gut microbiota composition. In conclusion, NK3 and NK49 may simultaneously alleviate BV and osteoporosis by suppressing NF-κB-linked TNF-α expression through the regulation of gut microbiota population.