Increase In Total Phenolic Content Research Articles

Evaluation of quality attributes, antioxidant activity and volatile compounds of two cactus pear juices blended with guava juice

The current investigation carried out on blends of two species from cactus pear (CP) juices with guava juice to evaluate the changes in physicochemical properties, ascorbic acid, phytochemicals, antiradical activity as well as volatile compounds. The blends of purple CP showed a significant increase in pH, TSS and ratio of TSS/TA values compared to blends of green CP with guava juice. An opposite trend had occurred in determination of titratable acidity. Ascorbic acid concentration in blends ranged from 52.46 to 59.43 mg/100 mL in T1 and T3 respectively. The blends showed a remarkable increase in total phenolic content with the increase of cactus pear in blends in formula to reach the maximum level at T1 and T3. Against reducing power, the antiradical activity was generally higher than that of DPPH by factor about 1.3 at T1 and 1.4 at T6. The radical scavenging activities of studied blends were in the range of 8.37 – 13.46 μmol TE/100 mL in T6 and T1 respectively when the determination carried out using DPPH assay. The highest score of panellists recorded for the T3 [(3) purple pear: (1) guava juice). Therefore, this blending ratio subjected to GC-MS analysis. A total of thirty volatile compounds were identified; the major alcohols in T3 were 1-hexanol and linalool which represent 12.35% and 7.23% respectively.

Impact of tannin addition on the antioxidant activity and sensory character of Malagousia white wine

Enological tannins are assessed as promising alternative to SO2 in order to control oxidative process during winemaking, due to allergic reactions incurred by sulfite sensitive individuals. In the present study, the commercial enological Tara tannin “Vitanil B″ was added, as alternative to the addition of sulfites, at different concentrations (100–500 mg/L) in white wine from grapes of Vitis vinifera L. var. Malagousia in order to enhance antioxidant stability and sensory character of the wine. Considering photometric analyses and chromatic parameters results, tannin addition (300 mg/L) in Malagousia enhanced total phenolic content, antioxidant and antiradical activity and prevented color deterioration, for a storage period of 100 d, compared to control and sulfited wines. Moreover, aroma quality, body, after taste and overall acceptance of wine treated with 300 mg/L tannin, were highly appreciated and received the highest scores. The overall evaluation of tannin addition was performed by Principal Component Analysis, leading to discrimination of wines, according to photometric, color and sensory analysis parameters. Conclusively, tannin addition resulted in a considerable increase of total phenolic content, antioxidant and antiradical activity, compared to the control and sulfited wines, maintaining the sensory parameters and overall acceptance of Malagousia wine.

Extrusion improves the phenolic profile and biological activities of hempseed (Cannabis sativa L.) hull

The impact of extrusion at different barrel temperature and screw speed on the hempseed hull was investigated. The extrusion treatments showed significant (p < 0.05) increase in total phenolic content, proportion of free phenolic compounds, and DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities. At low screw speed (150 rpm), significantly (p < 0.05) higher α-glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase inhibition activities were observed in the extruded samples. The full factorial model revealed a significant interaction between extrusion parameters on total phenolic/flavonoid content and antioxidant activities for free fraction, and α-glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase inhibition for whole fraction. A total of 26 phenylpropionamides, including hydroxycinnamic acid amides and lignanamides, were identified by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS. HPLC-DAD analysis showed a 25–78% increase in total phenylpropionamide content in hempseed hull after extrusion. Pearson’s correlation displayed significant (p < 0.05) positive correlation of N-trans-caffeoyltyramine, the most abundant phenylpropionamide, with all biological activities (r = 0.832–0.940).

Effect of photoperiod and growth media on yield and antioxidant properties of wheatgrass juice of Indian wheat varieties.

The effect of photoperiod durations (16h light:8h dark vs 22h light:2h dark) and different doses (0.5x and 1x) of Murashige and Skoog medium on the yield and antioxidant characteristics of wheatgrass from hard, medium-hard and soft wheat varieties were analyzed. The average wheatgrass height and wheatgrass yield increased in MS media both under normal photoperiod as well as in water under prolonged photoperiod. An increase in total phenolic content (TPC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of wheatgrass in different strengths of MS media under normal photoperiod was observed. Whereas, increase in protein content, chlorophyll (Chl) a, Chl b, total Chl, average TPC, DPPH inhibition and FRAP values were observed for wheatgrass of different varieties grown in water under prolonged photoperiod. The accumulation of polypeptides (PPs) of 92kDa, 33kDa, 23kDa, 14kDa, 12kDa, and 10kDa for wheatgrass shoot powder of different varieties was affected by strength of MS media and duration of photoperiod. On the contrary, wheatgrass juice powder showed major changes in the accumulation of PPs 33kDa and 23kDa PPs under varied strength of MS media and prolonged photoperiod.

Effect of in vitro digestion on phenolics and antioxidant activity of red and yellow colored pea hulls

To explore the effect of digestion on pea hull phenolics, an in vitro model consisting sequential oral, gastric, small and large intestinal digestions was applied to pea hulls. The phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the samples collected from these digestion steps were determined. The phenolics in these samples generally decreased in the order of sequential digestions in both red and yellow hull series, and no significant increase of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and individual phenolics were found in most digested groups compared with the corresponding control groups. The antioxidant activity of the samples generally changed according to their TPC and strong correlations (r > 0.92, p < 0.001) existed between them in red hull series. The present study implies that phenolics are released gradually from pea hulls during in vitro digestion and their release was mainly due to the pH of the digestion.

Development and Characterization of Citrus Junos Pomace Pectin Films Incorporated With Rambutan (Nephelium Lappaceum) Peel Extract

New packaging materials using biopolymers have been studied to substitute synthetic packaging materials that lead to environmental pollution. In this study, a new biodegradable packaging material was developed using the pectin extracted from Citrus junos pomace, which is considered a food processing byproduct. Rambutan peel extract (RPE), at different concentrations (0.25%, 0.5%, and 1.0%), was added as an active material, and the functional properties of the C. junos pectin (CJP) films were evaluated. The incorporation of RPE enhanced the extensibility of the CJP films and their light-blocking ability by decreasing light transmittance. As the concentration of RPE increased, antioxidant activities of the CJP films increased, along with an increase in total phenolic content. Subsequently, the CJP prepared in this study can be used as a low-cost active biodegradable film material, and RPE can be added as a natural antioxidant for the CJP films to confer antioxidant activity.

Pulsed electric fields affect endogenous enzyme activities, respiration and biosynthesis of phenolic compounds in carrots

Abstract Pulsed electric fields (PEF) can be applied to induce accumulation of bioactive compounds in plant tissues to obtain commodities with health-promoting properties. However, causes of this accumulation are not fully understood as it may result from either an improvement in extraction or an activation of stress-related biosynthetic pathways. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of PEF on the physiological response and elucidating the causes underpinning changes in carrot phenolic contents. Respiration rate, oxidative and pectinolytic enzyme activities, synthesis, and content of phenolic compounds were evaluated in PEF-treated (580 J kg−1) carrots after treatment and through storage (12, 24 and 36 h) at 4 °C. The highest production of CO2 and volatile organic compounds was observed 12 h after PEF treatment whereas the largest increases in total phenolic content (80.2 %), p-OH-benzoic (94.7 %), chlorogenic acid (74.9 %) and ferulic acid (52.2 %) occurred 24 h after treatment. Enhanced in phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity indicated that the increase in phenolic compounds may be mainly due to the triggering of biosynthesis pathways instead of structural modifications of the food matrix. Electropermeabilization also induced considerable changes in pectinolytic enzyme activities (increases in pectinmethylesterase and decreases in polygalacturonase) whereas no clear trends were observed for oxidative enzyme activities (peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase) during storage. These results suggest that volatile compounds generation, changes in respiration rate and the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds are induced by PEF application, as a plant defence response to stress.

The study of a silatrane-containing preparation on improving the consumer properties of lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. Dubachek MC), grown hydroponically in phytotron-ISR 0.1

This paper presents the results of experimental study on the possibility of improving consumer properties of lettuce (Lactuca sativa – var. Dubachuk MC) grown under the conditions of closed system in ISR-0.1 phytotron by applying foliar treatment of different concentrations of 1-ethoxysilatran - a new silicon based preparation belonging to Silatrans group. The trail demonstrated no effect of the preparation when applied in a concentration of 5.10-4 ml/l in ES1 treatment. However, the effectiveness starts upon using higher concentrations. The best yield components were obtained as a result of foliar treatments of ES3 and ES4 with concentrations of 5.10-3 and 10-2 ml/l respectively. Applying foliar treatment in vegetative phase resulted in complex effect of activation of physiological processes in plants, stimulating the photosynthetic activity and accumulation of photosynthetic pigments by recording a 22.7% increase in chlorophyll-a and 18.6% in carotenoids content in fresh leaves. Nitrate accumulation recorded 792.3 mg/100g in ES4 which is 2.7 times higher than the control. Also, an increase in dry matter content by 12.2%, pigments by 16.3%, total antioxidants capacity, a 40% increase in ascorbic acid content were recorded. While only slight increase in total phenolic content was observed in higher concentrations. These overall considerable influences in metabolic activities lead to a better productivity in case of production mass. Further studies should be concerning the effect of 1-ethoxysilatran on other leafy vegetables and prolonging the storage of them.

Biochemical and functional properties of wheat middlings bioprocessed by lactic acid bacteria.

The present study aimed to investigate the bioprocessing of wheat middlings with different lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in order to improve biological activities of this by-product of wheat flour production. The concentration of lactic acid, reducing sugars, and total phenolics, as well as antioxidant, antibrowning, antibacterial and prebiotic activities of fermented samples were analyzed. All LAB strains were capable to growth on wheat middlings, and pH decreased in the medium associated with lactic acid production during cultivation. Samples inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum DSM20174 presented the maximum growth, lactic acid concentration above 2mg/ml, and pH values around 3.8. The amount or reducing sugars decreased after 24hr growth, except for maltose. Bioprocessed wheat middlings exhibited antioxidant, antibrowning, antibacterial, and prebiotic properties, related with the increase of total phenolic content. Highest values for antioxidant activities were obtained for L. plantarum and Streptococcus thermophilus strains, reaching values around 400 and 640 μM Trolox equivalents (TE) ml-1 for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, respectively. Bioprocessing techniques using LAB can be an interesting approach to improve the availability of compounds with health-promoting properties from lignocellulosic waste material. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The processing of secondary products from wheat milling can represent an important benefit to the industry. Wheat middlings bioprocessed with LAB showed improved biological activities and may represent an interesting ingredient to be incorporated in food and feed formulations.

Value-Added Pastry Cream Enriched with Microencapsulated Bioactive Compounds from Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Peel.

In this study, antioxidant-rich eggplant peel extract was used to obtain a value-added pastry cream. In order to reduce the susceptibility to degradation, microencapsulation of the biologically active compounds from the eggplant peel was first performed. The microencapsulated bioactive compounds powder (MBC) obtained through freeze-drying retained about 94.31% of the anthocyanins present in the extract, was rich in phenolic compounds, and displayed a high antioxidant activity. The purple colored powder was added to the pastry cream in different concentrations (5% and 10%), allowing significant increase of total phenolic content and antioxidant activity, which were rather stable over 72 h of storage under refrigeration conditions. Sensory evaluation indicated that addition of MBC resulted in improved color and overall acceptability of the pastry cream formulation. All pastry cream samples exhibited rheological behavior specific to the weak gel-like structures, with increasing values of storage modulus with MBC addition. The instrumental texture analysis showed that MBC addition to the pastry cream slightly decreased the firmness and improved the chewiness of the samples.

Impact of pulsed electric field treatments on the growth parameters of wheat seeds and nutritional properties of their wheat plantlets juice.

This study was designed to explore the impacts of the pulsed electric field (PEF; 2 to 6 kV/cm; a number of pulses 25 and 50) on wheat (Tritium aestivum L.) seeds before imbibition to improve the germination, growth, and their nutritional profile in juice form. It was observed that the PEF treatment at 6 kV/cm at 50 pulses increased water uptake, germination of seeds, and growth parameters of seedlings. A significant increase in total phenolic contents, DPPH, chlorophylls, carotenoids, soluble proteins, minerals, and amino acids in PEF‐treated seeds plantlets juice as compared to the untreated seeds plantlets juice was observed. The results indicate that the PEF may effectively stimulate the growth of the wheat kernels and positively affect their metabolism, optimize the nutrients, and enhance the strength of the wheat kernels plantlets.

Jasmonic and Abscisic Acid Contribute to Metabolism Re-adjustment in Strawberry Leaves under NaCl Stress

ABSTRACT The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of exogenous jasmonic acid and abscisic acid, at different salinity regimes, on primary and secondary metabolic changes in ʻKurdistanʼ and ʻQueen Elisaʼ strawberry leaves. To this end, strawberry plants were induced by gradual NaCl salinity (10 mmol•L−1) and shock salinity. The plants were sprayed with ABA (40 mmol•L−1) and JA treatments up to 40 mmol•L−1. In both cultivars, salt shock stress significantly enhanced the total antioxidant capacity, though the JA treatment outperformed the ABA treatment. Increasing JA level in the presence of ABA resulted in downswing in total phenolic content (6.42% in ʻKurdistanʼ and 23.13% in ʻQueen Elisaʼ) and antioxidant capacity (12.9% in ʻKurdistanʼ and 17.7% in ʻQueen Elisaʼ) at non-saline conditions. Adding both hormonesresulted in a 20.82% increase in total phenolic content and a 17.86% increase in total antioxidant capacity in ‘Kurdistan’ at gradual salt stress; however, in ʻQueen Elisaʼ, the same treatment resulted in 21.98% increase in total phenol and 11.92% increase in total antioxidant capacity at salt shock. Salt shock induced tyrosine increase and both hormones enhanced asparagine, alanine, histidine, and GABA contents in ʻQueen Elisaʼ. The study reveals that the applation of abscisic acid along with different jasmonic acid concentrations activates the protective mechanism of the strawberry plant against NaCl stress. Further studies are needed to compare the exact salt stress tolerance mechanisms for these cultivars. Abbreviations: JA: Jasmonic acid; ABA: Abscisic Acid; GABA: γ-Aminobutyric acid

Extraction of phenolic compounds from lemon processing waste using electrohydrodynamic process

Phenolic compounds have high antioxidant capacity and are effective in preventing free radical formation and even their elimination in various ways. In this research, extraction of these compounds from lemon processing waste powder (LPWP) was investigated using Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) processes. In this regard, the effects of two independent factors of EHD time (in three levels of 10, 20 and 30 min) and EHD voltage (in three levels of 0, 19 and 15 kV) as well as their mutual effect on dependent responses of total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, extraction yield as well as the color parameters of L* and b* of the extracts were investigated. The results of this study showed that change in EHD time from 10 to 30 min and EHD voltage from 0 to 19 kV resulted in a significant increase in total phenolic content and extraction yield of the extracts. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that the EHD process did not lead to any destruction of the functional groups of the extracts. In addition, scanning electron microscopy images showed higher porosity of LPWP microstructure, when longer EHD time or higher EHD voltage were applied.

숙성 흑 맥문동의 품질특성 및 항산화능

The purpose of this study was to examine the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of aged black Liriope platyphylla (ALP) and raw Liriope platyphylla (RLP). RLP was aged for 14 days at high humidity (90% and 95%) and temperatures (50℃ and 80℃). With the passage of the storage period, the moisture content significantly decreased to 64.26%. During storage, the sugar content increased to 16.00 °Brix, while the reducing sugar content increased to 2.62%. With increasing storage time, the pH decreased to 3.63, while the acidity increased to 0.032%. In the Hunter color system, L (lightness) and b (yellowness) values of ALP were lower than those of RLP, while the redness value of ALP was higher than that of RLP. During storage, the browning index value significantly increased to 77.08. The increase in total phenol content of ALP after 14 days of aging was more than that of RLP. IC50 values for both 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities of ALP after 14 days of aging were lower than those of RLP. Based on these results, it is suggested that aged black Liriope platyphyllas can a useful food material, in terms of both physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities.

Effect of extruded mung bean flour on dough rheology and quality of Chinese noodles

AbstractBackground and objectivesModified properties of mung bean flour could be obtained by extrusion, which could improve the properties of extruded mung bean–wheat composite dough and noodles. This study was designed to investigate the effect of extruded mung bean flour (EMF) on the dough rheological properties and noodle quality.FindingsPasting viscosity, development time, and stability of the composite flour decreased gradually with the increased levels of EMF, while the water absorption, softening, and pasting temperature increased with the increased EMF content. Compared with the wheat noodles, noodles prepared from flour blends of EMF with wheat flour (WF) showed lower water absorption of dry matter, higher cooked breaking rate, and cooking loss. Increasing the level of EMF incorporated into WF led to a decrease in hardness, chewiness, cohesiveness, springiness, and resilience of composite noodles. In addition, with the increased levels of additional EMF, total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, and resistant starch (RS) increased, while rapidly digestible starch (RDS) decreased.ConclusionsWhen the content of additional EMF was higher than 25%, the cooked breaking rate and cooking loss of composite noodles exceeded the satisfactory point of industrial standard. Increase of total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity and RS and decrease of RDS made the addition of EMF into WF becomes a feasible process in noodle industry.Significance and noveltyBlending WF with a certain amount of EMF resulted in lower setback viscosity and final viscosity was beneficial for noodle making. Furthermore, the decrease of dry matter water absorption, hardness, and chewiness of noodles could have contributions to the eating qualities of noodles.

Effect of hot water treatment of seeds on quality indicators of alfalfa sprouts

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of soaking seeds in hot water on the content of selected bioactive compounds in alfalfa sprouts. Temperature and time regimes were: 85 °C, for 10 and 40 s; 90 °C and 100 °C, for 10 s. Sprouts were examined for the contents of ascorbic acid, chlorophylls a and b, α- and β-carotene, neoxanthin, violaxanthin, lutein and total phenolics. In most cases, the treatment applied had no significant effect on the contents of lutein, violaxanthin, neoxanthin, β-carotene and total phenolics. However, disinfection at 100 °C caused a significant reduction in ascorbic acid content, an increase in total phenolic content and a rise in the proportion of cotyledons in the mass of sprouts. The treatment variants applied did not significantly affect the total chlorophyll content in cotyledons. This study revealed that seed treatment with hot water may, depending on the applied parameters, affect sprout morphology, ascorbic acid content and total phenolic content.

Increased Carbazole Alkaloid Accumulation in Clausena harmandiana Callus Culture by Treatments of Biocontrol Agent, Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis.

Clausena harmandiana (Pierre) Guillaumin is the Thai medicinal plant that possessed several pharmacological activities. The main active constituents of this plant are the carbazole alkaloids, isolated from wild plants. However, the in vitro culture for production of carbazole alkaloids from this plant has never been reported. Therefore, we aimed to develop callus culture of C. harmandiana elicited with two biotic elicitors, Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis, as a sustainable source of carbazole alkaloids. The callus treated with living B. subtilis (BL) at 0.1 and 1% (v/v) for 3days accumulated 5-fold increased level of clausine K. The highest level reached 309.37 ± 34.84μg/g DW. This treatment also showed a significant increase in both total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity, which support the optimum usage of this elicitor. Moreover, only callus treated with 1% (v/v) Trichoderma culture filtrate (CF) showed a significant increase in the total phenolic contents and antioxidant capacity. The correlation analysis also revealed the significant correlation between antioxidant capacity and total phenolic level, total flavonoids, and clausine K but not 7-methoxymukonal. The results from our study suggested the use of C. harmandiana callus with the Bacillus elicitors for high-level production of clausine K.

Effect of some insecticides alone and in combination with salicylic acid against aphid, Aphis gossypii, and whitefly Bemisia tabaci on the cotton field

BackgroundCotton is one of the most important industrial crops in Egypt and worldwide. During its growth stages, cotton is threatened by several pests including aphids (Aphis gossypii Glover) and whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) which lead to deleterious effects on cotton growth, yield, and quality. Due to health and environmental hazards of pesticides, it is important to reduce them by using eco-friendly alternatives. Two field experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of some insecticides including profenofos (Prf), cyhalothrin (Cyh), and imidacloprid (Imd) individually or in combination with salicylic acid (SA) against cotton aphids and whiteflies.ResultsAll spray treatments had potent and moderated effects against aphids and whiteflies, respectively. The Prf insecticide at 100% of the recommended dose was the most effective one against both pests followed by the Cyh. The insecticidal effect of SA against the tested pests was concentration dependent. The most effective combination treatments were Prf at 75% of recommended dose + SA at a concentration of 1 mM for aphids (reduction % 95.68), and Cyh at 75% of recommended dose + SA (0.5 mM) for whiteflies (reduction of 88.00%). All tested insecticides, individually or in combination with SA, significantly increased total phenolic (TP) content in treated plants compared with control. The maximum increase in TP content was recorded in cotton plants treated with Prf in combination with SA.ConclusionsSalicylic acid enhanced the effectiveness of the used insecticides, and thus, SA could be used to lower the amount of insecticides with increasing insecticidal efficacy.

Growth profile of Aspergillus niger on red galangal rhizomes as shown by bioactive compound changes

This study we evaluated the growth profile of A. niger in red galangal rhizomes. The fermentation of red galangal rhizome was monitored based on hyphae characteristics followed by extraction with ethanol and determination of the total phenolic using Folin-Ciocalteu method and flavonoids using AlCl3 method. The metabolite profile was studied using Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that A. niger was able to grow optimally on the 14th day of fermentation. The total phenolic and total flavonoids increased significantly compared to un-fermented product. LCMS profiles also showed the changes in the metabolite arrangement of fermented product comparing to the unfermented extract. There is 4-o-methyl-gallic acid produced by fermentation, which contributed to the increase in total phenolic content.

Physiological role of trehalose on enhancing salinity tolerance of wheat plant

BackgroundSalinity stress is one of the most serious abiotic stress affecting adversely plant growth, various metabolic processes, and crop production. Using different osmoprotectants such as trehalose in alleviating salinity stress adverse effects is very important for plant production. So, the present study investigated the physiological role of trehalose (Tre) in improving wheat tolerance to oxidative stress induced by salt stress.ResultsSalinity stress (6.25 dS/m) caused marked significant decreases in wheat plant growth parameters (shoot height, fresh, and dry weights of the shoot) accompanied by significant increases in lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide contents, and lipoxygenase enzyme (LOX) activity. Osmoprotectant compounds such as glucose, sucrose, trehalose, total soluble sugars (TSS), free amino acids, and proline increased in wheat plants irrigated with saline water compared with unstressed control plant. On the other hand, Tre foliar treatments (10 mM and 50 mM) proved to be effective in enhancing growth parameters and more accumulation of the tested organic solutes of leaves (glucose, sucrose, trehalose, and TSS) of salinity-stressed plants. Meanwhile, trehalose treatments with different levels caused significant decreases in lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide contents, and LOX activity in normally irrigated and salinity-stressed plants. These decreases correlated with significant increases in total phenolic contents as compared with untreated control.ConclusionIt could be concluded that foliar spray of trehalose was effective in improving wheat performance by reducing hydrogen peroxide free radical and by enhancing antioxidant compounds (phenolics), compatible osmolytes, and membrane stability.