Increase In Gamma Globulin Research Articles

Serum biochemical values of rusa deer (Cervus timorensis russa) in New Caledonia.

Blood samples were collected from 91 rusa deer (Cervus timorensis russa), immediately after being shot. Serum mean biochemical values from shot deer are presented for blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, creatine kinase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, total protein, albumin, calcium, and phosphorus. Mean total protein and albumin increased with age. There was an age-associated increase of gamma globulins. Mean creatine kinase activity and creatinine, albumin and phosphorus concentrations were higher in stags than in hinds. Pregnant hinds had lower mean creatine kinase activity and phosphorus and higher mean alanine aminotransferase and total protein than non-pregnant hinds. Mean calcium concentration increased when deer were agitated before bleeding.

L’électrophorèse des protéines sériques sur acétate de cellulose au cours de deux maladies félines dues à des rétrovirus : le virus leucomogène félin (VLF. ou FeLV) et le virus de l'imunodéficience féline (VIF ou FIV)

Serum proteins cellulose acetate electrophoresis among two feline diseases caused by retroviruses : FeLV and FIV Study of electrophoresis modifications among two feline retroviral diseases caused by Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) and Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) showes : -an increase of beta globulins and a decrease of gamma globulins in FeLV infection ; -an increase of gamma globulins in FIV infection ; -and in the two diseases, an increase of alpha 2 globulins correlated with the evolutivity of the affection. These findings constitute a differential diagnostic data between the two diseases and a pronostic data in the two diseases.

Serum proteins in guinea-pigs and horses infected with Trypanosoma evansi (Steel, 1885)

The serum protein pattern in guinea-pigs infected with T. evansi was analysed and compared with those found in horses with either a natural or experimental infection. In both species, a highly significant decrease in albumin levels and an increase in gamma-globulins were seen, leading to a very low albumin/globulin ratio. No significant differences in total protein levels between healthy and infected animals were registered. Likewise, alpha-globulins were not significantly affected. A decrease in beta-globulins was observed in one horse and in guinea-pigs with experimental infection, while in horses with natural infections this decrease was not constant. The serum protein patterns in guinea-pigs infected with T. evansi appeared similar to those occuring in horses infected with this parasite. Guinea-pigs, therefore may be useful laboratory models for the study of equine trypanosomosis caused by T. evansi.

Effect of Dermacentor albipictus (Acari:Ixodidae) on blood composition, weight gain and hair coat of moose, Alces alces.

The physiological effects of the winter tick, Dermacentor albipictus, on moose, Alces alces, were investigated. Blood composition, weight gain, food intake and change in the hair coat of moose calves, four infested with D. albipictus larvae, and eight uninfested, were monitored. Infested moose groomed extensively, apparently in response to feeding nymphal and adult ticks, and developed alopecia. Other clinical signs included: chronic weight loss, anemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypophosphatemia, and transient decreases in serum aspartate transaminase and calcium during the period of nymphal and adult female tick engorgement. Infested animals did not become anorexic. Two moose with severe hair loss had increases in gamma globulin shortly after the onset of female tick engorgement. Results suggest that alopecia is associated with tick resistance. Animals that groom and develop hair loss likely carry fewer ticks and therefore suffer less severely from blood loss.

Ｍｉｋｕｌｉｃｚ病の１例

A 60 year-old male patient with Mikulicz's disease was reportedHe had a marked symmetrical painless enlargement of the bilateral lacrimal, parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands. His face showes the typical appearance from the enlargement of these glands in this disease.Laboratory examinations revealed immunological abnormality such as increased gamma globulin fraction and elevation of IgG fraction. Sialogram of his parotid and submandibular glands showed some part of shadowless pattern in the parenchyma.Histopathologically his lacrimal, parotid and submandibular glands revealed both atrophy or loss of acinar tissue with lymphoid infiltration and ductal changes including the development of epimyothelial islands.This patient is presently under control by administration of prednisoloneMikulicz's disease accounted for 16 cases reported in Japanese literature for the period of 1973-1988.

Localized CNS brucellosis: report of 7 cases.

Seven patients with brucellar infection localized in the central nervous system (CNS) are reported. This series represent 3.5% of all brucellosis cases in our hospital. There was a conspicuous absence of systemic signs and symptoms. The clinical course was characteristically protracted. Meningitis (acute, chronic, transient and recurrent) and progressive myeloradiculopathy were the 2 clinical patterns. Cranial nerve neuropathy was frequent, eight nerve involvement being present in 4 cases; transitory ischemic attacks and subarachnoid haemorrhage occurred in 2. Routine laboratory determinations were negative or non-specific. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings included hypoglycorrhachia, lymphocytic pleocytosis and hyperproteinorrhachia. There was also a remarkable increase in the gamma-globulin and IgG values with morphology of oligoclonal bands in CSF electrophoresis. Brucella agglutination titers were low or absent in serum and/or CSF. By contrast, Coombs tests were always positive and higher titers were found in serum and CSF. After treatment a persistent CSF positive Coombs test at low titers together with an isolated increase in CSF gamma-globulin and IgG values were detected in cured patients. Brucella blood cultures were negative, but CSF cultures were positive in four cases. Rifampin and doxycycline seems to be the treatment of choice. These agents must be maintained at least for 4 months in order to avoid relapses. Corticosteroids may be helpful at the beginning of treatment. Outcome is generally favourable in this disorder. We conclude that clinical and biological characteristics of localized CNS brucellosis are in accordance with those already described in other types of localized brucellosis.

Inhibition of tumor growth with possible immunity by Egyptian garlic extracts.

Garlic bulbs (Allium sativum) were extracted with distilled water or ethanol. The extracts were then incubated with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells at 37 degrees C for 1 h. These pretreated cells were injected into swiss albino mice which survived over 12 weeks. To the contrary, tumor cells which were pretreated with garlic extracts, produced ascites tumor in all mice that died 2 or 4 weeks after intraperitoneal injection. When mice were treated twice at intervals of 7 days with freshly prepared tumor cells exposed to watery or ethanolic extracts of fresh garlic, they acquired resistance against a challenge with Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Administration of garlic extracts to mice for at least 2 weeks before tumor transplantation, caused a slight delay of 10-20 days in tumor growth and animal death. Generally, the ethanolic extract of garlic gave more pronounced effect as tumor inhibitor as well as immunity induction than watery extract. No change in serum electrophoretic pattern was detected in mice, whether the tumor cells injected were incubated or not with garlic extract. In animals treated with unincubated tumor cells, albumin and globulin percentages as well as albumin: globulin ratios (A/G) were decreased as compared to normal mice. A/G ratio was also decreased in immunized mice, pretreated with garlic extract, due to the increase of gamma globulin and unchanging of albumin.

Immunologic response to the treatment of Ehrlich ascites tumor with titanocene dichloride.

After treatment of mice bearing Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) with titanocene dichloride, it could be shown (a) that all cured animals were able to reject EAT cells implanted subsequently and (b) that in the serum of these animals the contents of gamma-globulins was markedly increased, whereas after treatment with cis-platinum both the ability to reject EAT cells and the increase of gamma-globulins were less pronounced. It is supposed that the observed increase of gamma-globulins is due to a stimulated production of antibodies against EAT.

The antispermatogenic effect and toxicity of 2, 4-dinitro-6-tert-butylphenyl methanesulfonate on Sprague-Dawley rat.

The antispermatogenic effects of 2, 4-dinitro-6-tert-. butylphenyl methanesulfonate (HE-166) were studied in Sprague-Dawley rats. They were fed 25, 100 and 400 ppm of HE-166 in the basal died for one year. Laboratory data showed no significant changes except for increases in gamma-globulin, alkaline phosphatase, GOT and GPT values in the 100 ppm group. Macroscopically, significant changes were found in the testes in the experimental group, which showed marked atrophy. Histologically, the testes were filled with fibrin exudate in the stroma and there was reduced spermatogonia, cellular debris and giant cells, and even calcification, depending on the dose of HE-166. The anti-fertility effects of HE-166 were also observed by mating rats and checking the pregnancy rate during three generations. These effects might be due to the direct cytotoxic effect of HE-166 on post-meiotic cells as epididymal spermatozoa and testicular sperm and spermatids. As far as tumor incidence was concerned, one case of fibroadenoma of the mammary gland, one case of leiomyosarcoma in the uterus in the 100 ppm group and one case of leiomyoma in the uterus in the 25 ppm group developed at around 8 months, but no other tumors developed.

The Epizootiology and Pathology of Sarcoptic Mange in Coyotes, Canis latrans, from South Texas

An epizootic of sarcoptic mange in coyotes from south Texas, Canis latrans , was studied over a 7-yr period, 1975 through 1981. From a four-county area centered in Webb County, Texas the epizootic radiated centrifugally to include a 27-county area. The disease progressed from initial, scabby encrustations on the ischium and fore and hind legs to severe, thickened, slate-gray hyperkeratotic lesions with almost complete alopecia. There were significant decreases in alpha-globulin and albumin, significant increases in gamma-globulin, and significant decreases in fat deposits and total body weight indicative of a chronic infection with establishment of a humoral antibody response as the infection progressed in severity. Significant differences in prevalence of mange across habitat variables of host age and sex, and across seasons were related to the juvenile/adult ratio in the coyote population at any particular time because the infection progressed more rapidly in juveniles. Population dynamics and abundance of coyotes were generally unaffected by the mange epizootic. Although higher mortality was associated with mange-infected animals, this had no effect on overall mortality in the coyote population.

Immune Response in the CSF in Viral Infections

The local humoral immune response in inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) is reflected by an increase in gamma-globulin in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and, more significantly, by the occurrence of oligoclonal gamma-banding. In the detection of local immunoglobulin synthesis, the possibility of changes in the serum gamma-globulin and increased permeability of the blood-CSF barrier to proteins has to be taken into consideration. This chapter evaluates the gamma-globulin reaction in various acute, prolonged, and chronic CNS-infections of viral or presumed viral origin. In addition, the degree of the concomitant blood-CSF barrier disturbance is determined. By stereotyped changes of the CSF-protein spectrum, two pathologic reactions can be defined: the pattern of local immune response, and the pattern of blood-CSF barrier disturbance. The chapter focuses on the local immune response that leads to increase of gamma3-globulin and synthesis of oligoclonal gamma-fractions. In acute aseptic meningitis, minimal or no abnormal gamma-globulin increases are observed. In acute para- and postinfectious encephalitis, however, a marked local humoral immune response may occur. The most striking increases in gamma-globulin can be noticed in herpes simplex virus encephalitis during phases of clinical improvement.

The cerebrospinal fluid of rabbits infected with Borna disease virus.

Rabbits were inoculated intracerebrally with Borna disease virus infected brain suspension or tissue culture extracts. In 30 per cent of the diseased animals infectious virus was present in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The CSF had increased numbers of lymphocytes and an elevation of the protein concentration, mainly due to an increase in gamma-globulins, was measured. The gamma-globulins were of oligoclonal character and reacted with a borna disease virus specific antigen of infected brains or tissue culture cells. The antibody titers in the CSF were of similar level to those in the serum. In comparison, those of the CSF of naturally infected horses always exceeded the serum titers. Injection of tracer substances revealed that no drastic damage to the blood-brain barrier was caused during the disease. The results suggest that antibodies detected in the CSF are locally produced. The significance of these findings for the pathogenesis of Borna disease is discussed.

Multiple sclerosis: a clinico-biological study of 100 cases in Spain.

A study was carried out on 100 cases with the clinical diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Several clinical and analytical factors were considered and correlated. Special attention was paid to data obtained from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) electrophoresis. The degree of severity of the disease does not affect the selective evaluation frequency of gamma-globulin or its average values. A greater frequency of definite gamma-globulin increase is observed in patients with a stationary development than in those a progressive development although, in both instances, the average values of gamma-globulin do not show any significant difference. There is no correlation between the CSF data and the presumed clinical site of the lesion. Those patients with a single lesion have a lower incidence of pathological data in CSF than those with multiple lesions. A higher proportion of pathological results is seen in CSF of patients with a chronic evolution from the onset than in chronic-intermittent cases. The cases studied during a relapse show a marked decrease in the frequency of definite gamma-globulin increase and paretic colloidal curves. This group of patients gives lower average values of gamma-globulin, total protein and cells, than those patients examined out of relapse. These results are in agreement with recent immunopathological observations.

Unusual demyelinating disease. A form of diffuse-disseminated sclerosis.

A young man, in good health until the age of 22, developed progressive personality changes, lethargy, motor diffuculities, urinary bladder dysfunction, and convulsions. Spinal fluid abnormalities included monocytic pleocytosis and selective increase of gamma globulins. The clinical features and the structural lesions in the central nervous system are reminiscent of disseminated-diffuse sclerosis. Oligodendrocytes appeared normal in number and showed nonspecific abnormalities. Comparison of the structural lesions found in this case with those described in seven reports of demyelination indicates that the separation of this syndrome, as a distinct entity, may not be justified. We suggest that such cases be classified as myelinoclastic disorders, in the same category with multiple sclerosis and its variants.

Immunologic reactions and Australia Antigenemia in Down's Syndrome

Immunologic studies were done in sixty institutionalized patients with Down's syndrome (DS) and compared with age and sex matched mentally retarded (MR) controls. In the DS group there was a significant increase in gamma globulins, IgG and IgA. Au antigenemia was found in 27 per cent of DS patients and in none of the controls. In contrast to previous reports there was no evidence of decreased delayed hypersensitivity to PPD, histoplasmin or dermatophytin in DS subjects. There were, however, significantly fewer positive skin tests to mumps antigen. These studies confirmed the previously reported changes in serum proteins and increased prevalence of Australia antigenemia in DS. The results of skin testing and in vitro lymphocyte stimulation (reported elsewhere) did not demonstrate a generalized defect in cellular immunity in DS. The decrease in positive mumps skin reactions and Australia antigenemia may reflect an unusual defect in the handling of viral infections.

Mollaret's meningitis and differential diagnosis of recurrent meningitis: Report of case, with review of the literature

The clinical features in a patient with recurrent brief episodes of aseptic meningitis are described. They were identical to those in an entity known as Mollaret's meningitis and ours is the first recorded instance of this disease in the United States. Large fragile “endothelial” cells were observed in the cerebrospinal fluid as well as a mild degree of hypoglycorrhachia and a mild increase in gamma globulins. There was a tendency toward leukopenia and mild eosinophilia during the symptom-free intervals. There was also a modest increase in the concentration of immunoglobulin M (IgM) in the serum. The data in nineteen previously recorded cases of Mollaret's meningitis are reviewed, and the occurrence of transient neurologic manifestations in some of them is stressed. These include coma, grand mal seizures, syncope, delirium, hallucinations, anisocoria, absence of abdominal reflexes, visual disturbances, diplopia, speech impairment, disequilibrium, facial paresis and unilateral or bilateral Babinski reflexes. However, in patients with Mollaret's disease most episodes are characterized by a mild meningitis without any associated additional neurologic abnormalities. Conditions which should be considered in differential diagnosis of recurrent meningitis or low grade fluctuating encephalomeningitis or meningitis are discussed. It is our opinion that, although at times there may be difficulties in differentiating it from other conditions, Mollaret's meningitis is a distinct, albeit rare, clinical entity.

唾石症における病態生化学的研究 : とくに, 血清蛋白, 血清糖蛋白質について

This paper supposed investigations of blood constituents in patients with oral diseases. Studies were made on serum protein and serum glycoprotein fractions in 23 patients with sialolithiasis, 14 patients with Kuttner's disease and 30 patients with oral cancer. Determination of serum protein and glicoprotein fractions was carried out by electrophoreris on cellulose acetate membrane. The results were summarized as follows. 1). As to the total protein and albumin fractions, a marked increase in gamma-globulin and a decrease in albumin were present in the patients with oral cancer, whereas patients of sialolithiasis and Kuttner's disease, a marked increase in alpha 2, gamma-globulin and a decrease in albumin were present. On the correlations between the total protein or albumin fractions and sialolithiasis, no characteristic were observed. 2). As to the glicoprotein fractions (17 patients with sialolithiasis, 4 patients with Kuttner's disease and 12 patients with oral cancer) a marked increase in alpha 2, gamma-glob-G.P and a decrease in beta-glob-G.P in the patients with oral cancer, whereas patients of sialolithiasis and Kuttner's disease, a marked increase in alpha 2, gamma-glob-G.P and a decrease in beta-glob-G.P were present. Therefore, on the correlation between glicoprotein and sialolithiasis, no characteristic were observed.

Cerebrospinal fluid proteins in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Correlation of data with clinical and evolutive aspects.

Fifteen patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in different evolutive phases were studied with clinical and electroencephalographical methods, and the data obtained were compared with the data obtained by electrophoretic an immunochemical methods. The electro-phoretic examination of CSF proteins was carried out on a support of cellulose acetate and evaluated by comparison with a “control” group comprising 100 subjects. It is observed that panencephalitis tends to evolve in two distinct phases. The first phase usually ranges up to the first six months of evolution and presents a clinical picture of dementia, myoclonus, and characteristic periodical complexes in the EEG. In this phase the values for total CSF proteins are normal, with selective hypergammaglobulinorrachia and decrease of almost all other electrophoretic fractions. In the second phase, with evolution periods of more than six months, the clinical picture is that of decortication, with low voltage of the EEG. In this phase the total CSF proteins are increased. The gammaglobulin increase is great, but there is also an increase of the remaining electrophoretic fractions. Authors ascribe these alterations to changes in the blood-brain barrier during the evolutive course of the disease.

Murine malaria: III. Protein concentrations during Plasmodium berghei infection

Swiss mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium berghei. Analysis of serum electrophoretograms during the infection revealed a temporary increase in gamma globulin and a concomitant albumin decrease in close relation with the peaks of the undulant parasitemia. In plasma no decrease in albumin could be registered. Most probably the fibrinogen concentration decreased during the first phase of the disease to below detectable levels in the electrophoretogram. The addition of hemoglobin to normal serum or to serum of infected mice resulted in a false positive increase in gamma globulin. Based on the very specific immunologic precipitation no increase in gamma globulin in the first phase of the disease was demonstrable.

The protein composition of the cerebrospinal fluid in acute necrotizing encephalitis. An agar gel electrophoretic and immunoelectrophoretic study.

SUMMARYThe results of agar electrophoretic and immunoelectrophoretic studies of CSF proteins in acute necrotizing encephalitis are presented. Two of the 5 patients showed marked abnormalities in CSF protein composition, specifically a markedly increased gamma globulin fraction (up to 45%), 3 to 5 gamma subfractions, including one high-speed fraction, and reversal of the beta 1 to upsilon ratio. Immunoelectrophoresis disclosed an increase in medium-speed and high-speed IgG and IgA. The serum was characterized by an increase in alpha globulins and beta-2 globulin. No abnormalities of significance were found in the acute stage of illness. It is concluded that the duration of illness and the extent of the perivascular infiltrates are factors of significance in the occurrence of these severe changes in CSF protein composition in acute necrotizing encephalitis.