Increasing Production Volumes Research Articles

Innovations in the agro-industrial complex of the Aktobe region of the Republic of Kazakhstan: an effective mechanism for solving the food issue

Purpose – the article discusses the current aspects of the development of agroindustrial complex on the example of the Aktobe region, presents recommendations that contribute to the solution of these issues. Research methods – abstract-logical, statistical, observation, scientific abstraction. Factor analysis, grouping method, tabular and graphical methods of data visualization were used as statistical tools. Results – studying the foreign practice of modernizing agricultural sector in order to ensure food security, the authors note that the main criteria should include the system of state and local self-government, legislative framework, fiscal and monetary regulation, mechanism of subsidizing and lending, investment, innovation policy. The main indi cators of agricultural production in the region for 2017-2021 are analyzed. It is proved that at present it is necessary to restore this strategically important sector of economy on a qualitatively new technical and technological basis that meets modern trends. Agrarian science of Kazakhstan has developed a fairly large number of innovations, the implementation of which in the agroindustrial complex would raise it to a high level. However, the degree of use of innovations by commodity producers remains very low. One of the problems of the low activity of innovative processes is the lack of motivation in the development of innovations by agricultural producers. Conclusions – innovative development involves the transition to resource-saving technologies that contribute not only to increasing production volumes, but also saving resources, as well as achieving the required level of food security. This complex task requires the creation of appropriate conditions: appropriate infrastructure for innovation activity, a set of material, technical, legislative means for information, marketing, financial, and personnel services for business entities.

Факторы структурной трансформации экономики Ленинградской области в новых условиях

The article is focused on the problems of structural restructuring of economic activity of the Leningrad Oblast as a result of sanctions pressure and restrictions on international interactions that emerged in 2022–2023. The paper analyzes the following factors that can affect the structure of the region’s economy: transformation of logistics and transportation capabilities; termination or suspension of a number of foreign enterprises; difficul-ties with the application and supply of foreign technological lines, innovation and information technologies; restrictions on exports; increased production volumes in the defense industry sector; increased state support of certain industries, primarily small and medium-sized businesses. Conclusion is made that changes in the struc-ture of the economy are taking place in the region, but, most likely, they will be of a short-term nature, since Leningrad enterprises have a significant potential for flexibility and adaptability to the existing conditions, which is supported by the substantial support of the regional authorities.

The Convergence of Factors That Affect the Dairy Product Market: A Comparative Analysis of European Union Countries

The European Union is a large producer of milk and dairy products. It is also a significant market for the consumption of dairy products, which is characterised by effective demand, and it significantly influences the markets of other food products. The main milk producers in the EU are Germany, France, Poland, the Netherlands, Italy and Spain. Intensive migration has contributed to additional demand for food products, in particular, dairy products. This provided the basis for the construction and calculation of a dynamic model of dairy production, the export of dairy products, and the coexistence with the existing population as the main consumers in the EU–27 countries and Great Britain between 2004 and 2020.
 An additional research value is that based on the presentation of the analysis and modeling, the relationship between the growth in the demand for dairy products and the growth in the population is established. The reason for the large population in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe is intensive migration flows, which increase the demand for dairy products. The increase in volumes reduces the cost price, which contributes to the export of dairy products, and also contributes to the increase in the volume of production of dairy products. The resulting models made it possible to analyse the influence of population growth on the increase in production volume. At the same time, the dependence and influence of the export of dairy products on the increase in the volume of production of dairy products in the EU–27 and Great Britain countries is investigated.
 The results of the mathematical modelling indicate unique opportunities to develop the dairy sector of individual EU–27 countries, i.e., the Czech Republic, the Netherlands, and Poland. These countries have a rational ratio of the influence of the population growth factor on the increase in the volume of dairy production and the optimal influence of the export of dairy products on the increase in the volume of dairy production.

Soybean testa spectral study

The increasing production volumes of soy foods require new express methods for testing soybeans during processing and presowing. This study assessed the efficiency of spectral pre-sowing assessment methods using Vilana soybeans.
 The research featured soybeans of the Vilana cultivar. The control sample consisted of untreated whole soybeans while the test samples included soybeans pretreated with various modifiers. The methods involved spectrofluorimetry and IR-Fourier spectrometry.
 A wide emission band at 400–550 nm corresponded to the fluorescence of the soybean testa. The band at 560–610 nm indicated the presence of such modifiers as Imidor insecticide and Deposit fungicide. The luminescence spectrum of the untreated soybean testa was maximal at 441 nm. The luminescence spectrum of the treated soybean samples was maximal at 446.5 and 585 nm when the excitation wavelength was 362 nm. The fluorescence was studied both spectrally and kinetically to establish the maximal luminescence time and the typical vibration frequencies.
 The spectral studies of Vilana soybeans before and after treatment revealed which modifiers were adsorbed on the palisade epidermis and defined the type of interaction between the modifier and the soybean. The spectrofluorimetry and IR spectroscopy proved able to provide a reliable qualitative and quantitative analysis of Vilana soybean surface.

IMPROVEMENT OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS ACCOUNTING OF SALARY AT THE INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRIS

The article regarding the working conditions of an industrial enterprise describes approaches to rational differentiation of wages taking into account the following: qualifications of jobs and employees; quantitative results of labor; working conditions, which means difficult and special sanitary and hygienic conditions of work processes; the role of an employee (profession) in production, which determines the degree of his influence on the results of collective work on manufacturing of the main production. It is substantiated that increasing production volumes and increasing profit on investments requires constant improvement of wage accounting in case of changes in wage payment systems and wide use of modern computing equipment. It was concluded, that for small-scale production it is advisable to display the corresponding rate of payment together with the performance of various non-repetitive works or operations in the orders. For the brigade form of work, it is advisable to provide the necessary data for calculating earnings and their distribution among the members of the brigade on the reverse page of the order, taking into account the labor participation rate of each member of the brigade, which will contribute to the efficient operation of enterprises in conditions of intense competition. Rationalization of various allowances and payments additional to official salaries, as well as bonuses and rewards, which are systematic, in case of systematic reduction of total costs was performed. The implementation of the electronic form of sick leaves and the electronic register of sick leaves in the employer’s personal account causes the accounting staff to rationalize the “ready for payment” operation. The organization of the technological process of accounting for both sick leaves at the expense of the social insurance fund and additional vacations for liquidators of the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant is detailed. The mechanism for regulating inter-job salaries and intra-production tariffs, taking into account the qualifications of an employee, his education, the degree of responsibility for the work performed, initiative, length of service at the given enterprise, and the results of qualification certification of workers was improved. A rational report form has been developed to avoid discrepancies, numerous errors and inaccuracies in the process of accruing and transferring of preferential pensions at the expense of the funds of enterprises and organizations which are paid and delivered by employees of the Pension Fund.

Use of existing gas infrastructure in European hydrogen economy

The rapidly increasing production volume of clean hydrogen creates challenges for transport infrastructure. This study improves understanding of hydrogen transport options in Europe and provides more detailed analysis on the prospects for hydrogen transport in Finland. Previous studies and ongoing pipeline projects were reviewed to identify potential and barriers to hydrogen transport. A fatigue life assessment tool was built because material challenges have been one of the main concerns of hydrogen transportation. Many European countries aim at utilizing existing gas infrastructure for hydrogen. Conducted studies and pilot facilities have provided promising results. Hydrogen reduces the fatigue life of the pipeline, but existing pipelines can be used for hydrogen if pressure variation is maintained at a reasonable level and the maximum operation pressure is limited. Moreover, the use of existing pipelines can reduce hydrogen transport costs, but the suitability of every pipeline for hydrogen must be analyzed, and several issues such as leakage, leakage detection, effects of hydrogen on pipeline assets and end users, corrosion, maintenance, and metering of gas flow must be considered. The development of hydrogen transport will vary within countries depending on the structure of the existing gas infrastructure, and on the future hydrogen use profile.

Investigating the differences in human behavior between conventional machining and CNC machining for future workforce development: A case study

Due to the high efficiency and consistent product quality, CNC machining has gained a dominant role in the modern machining industry. However, conventional machining still has its significance for certain production settings, e.g. prototyping, and machining workforce preparation. CNC and conventional machining require particular skills and knowledge, which can be unique to specific types of machine tools or overlap to a certain extent. With increasing production volume demands and an aging workforce, a need for efficient quantification, preservation and transfer of said skillsets arises to ensure effective preparation of future professionals and the undisrupted operation of the manufacturing industry. Moreover, the observed shift towards human-centered manufacturing systems in the Industry 4.0 necessitates obtaining an in-depth understanding of human roles in machining. The following paper proposes a novel research approach based on collection and analysis of eye-tracking and video data supplemented by verbal interviews, surveys and self-assessment. A conducted case study spans the entirety of the machining process, from part evaluation, cutting strategy determination, machining operations, to process re-evaluation and optimization. The results show that far greater variability in cutting strategy in terms of operation order, number of operations and used production tooling between consecutive production runs can be observed for conventional machining, with little variation in those terms noted for CNC-based production. Overall, the collected data has allowed to gain an insight into the machinist's decision-making processes and the rationale for observed cutting strategy changes, allowing for potential future application of the proposed research method in improving the machining training and potentially aiding process design by applying the outcomes of studies performed with the use of presented research method to expert systems and future CAM/CAE software solutions.

Silicon from sand is a promising technology for producing silicon of semiconductor quality

An analysis of the methods for obtaining silicon of semiconductor quality determined the relevance of the issues of compliance of modern technologies with environmental requirements of today, as well as the possibilities of raw materials and energy supply for a potential increase in production volumes. The development of production requires a search for compromises between the needs of society and the consequences expressed in the environmental impact on nature, the growth in the consumption of raw materials and energy. The proposal to use quartz sand instead of quartzite is promising due to the solution of the problems of raw material supply for the production of silicon of semiconductor quality for many years to come. The technology of chlorination of quartz sands proposed for implementation has been tested in industrial conditions and, in addition to the problems of raw material supply, to a large extent solves the problems of environmental and energy supply.Within the framework of the set environmental task, the problems of decarbonization of production are first of all solved by eliminating the energy-consuming high-temperature process of carbothermal reduction of silicon. The proposed technological solution provides a compromise between environmental friendliness and energy efficiency by involving silicon-containing materials, technogenic wastes, as “energy donors” in physical and chemical processes. Chlorination of the prepared raw materials is carried out in the solid phase, which is an energy-efficient solution, as it eliminates the cost of energy to compensate for the latent energy of melting. The initial preparation of raw materials involves the procedure of mechanoactivation - energy-efficient activation of the raw material by destroying intercrystalline bonds. The use of “energy donors” in blending ensures that the chlorination process is carried out in the autothermal mode, reducing the specific consumption of chlorine for the process. The problems of high energy intensity in the production of silicon of semiconductor quality are also solved by adjusting the technological scheme with the exclusion of energy-consuming low-temperature processes.The implementation of the proposed technological solutions is focused on the maximum use of known technological equipment, which minimizes the costs of design and production development of the technology. Based on the practical data obtained, system solutions for integrating the new technology into the schemes of existing enterprises are proposed - providing variability of adaptation in terms of raw material supply and the range of produced polycrystalline silicon of both “electronic” and “solar” quality. Based on the practical data obtained, system solutions were proposed for integrating the new technology into the schemes of existing enterprises - providing variability of adaptation in terms of raw material supply and the range of produced polycrystalline silicon of both “electronic” and “solar” quality.

Selective Separation of 4,4’-Methylenedianiline, Isophoronediamine and 2,4-Toluenediamine from Enzymatic Hydrolysis Solutions of Polyurethane

ABSTRACT The recycling of plastics such as polyurethane (PU) is a current challenge. The continuously increasing production volume and additionally growing end-of-life streams increase the urgency for solutions. Conventional recycling methods such as mechanical and chemical recycling are only economically and/or ecologically suitable to a limited extent. The three-step approach consisting of enzymatic PU decomposition, separation of amines (4,4’-methylenedianiline (MDA), isophoronediamine (IPDA), 2,4-toluenediamine (TDA)) and fermentation of the residual stream is a promising recycling concept. In this study, extraction methods for the separation of MDA and IPDA from an aqueous solution at neutral pH are developed. In addition, the influence of relevant PU hydrolysate components on the amine extraction is investigated. The results show that MDA can be efficiently separated using solvent extraction of 1-octanol. For IPDA separation, a reactive extraction with oleic acid as reactant is developed. The application of these two extraction methods to TDA shows extraction efficiencies of 52% to 86%. The other PU hydrolysate components adipic acid and selected salts have only a minor influence on the extraction efficiency. The diols ethylene glycol and 1,4-butanediol influence the equilibrium pH of IPDA extraction, raising it to higher values. For MDA, no influence of other PU hydrolysate components on the extraction efficiency can be observed. Since amines can have an inhibitory effect on microorganisms, toxicity experiments were carried out to determine the tolerable residual concentration of amines in the raffinate to avoid fermentation inhibition. Growth experiments with Pseudomonas putida KT240 show that MDA has an inhibitory effect at concentrations near the solubility limit, whereas IPDA does not affect growth.

Socio-Economic Essence of the National Economy`s Innovative Infrastructure

The socio-economic essence of the innovative infrastructure of the national economy has been studied. The features and forms of innovative infrastructure of the national economy are analyzed. Modern interpretations and components of the innovative infrastructure of the national economy are considered. The relevance of this article lies in highlighting the features of the formation of the modern innovative infrastructure of the national economy, which is extremely important in the conditions of military aggression. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the socio-economic essence of the innovative infrastructure of the national economy. The research methodology is represented by the methods of theoretical generalization, comparative analysis, abstract-logical. The results of the research consist in the synthesis of the historical trajectory of the development of the concept of "innovative infrastructure"; the modern interpretation of the innovative infrastructure of the national economy; highlighting the main scientific approaches to the research of innovative infrastructure; justification of the main functions of the innovative infrastructure of the national economy. It is justified that the main mission of the innovation infrastructure is the role of a catalyst between the inexperienced and low-income (experience, money, organizational knowledge) inventor and the market of goods and services. Tasks regarding the formation and development of innovative infrastructure are proposed: the development of the scientific, technical and innovative potential of the regions and the country as a whole; achieving an increase in production volumes through structural restructuring of the economy and replacement of traditional products with innovative knowledge-intensive products that are in demand; increasing the level of competitiveness of domestic products at the expense of science-intensive innovative achievements. The practical significance of the study is that taking into account the peculiarities of the formation of the innovative infrastructure of the national economy will allow speeding up the European integration processes and increasing the level of security for the infrastructure facilities of the national economy.

Studies of spun concrete poles for electric power transmission line supports reinforced with Au1000P rebars

Introduction. In connection with the present volumes of electrification in central Russia, the need for the construction of new electric power transmission lines (EPTLs) has decreased considerably. At the same time, the natural degradation of EPTL supports in time, as well as the prospects for developing the vast expanses of the northern, Siberian and Far Eastern regions, caused by the reorientation of Russia’s economic relations from the West to the East, make it urgent to increase production volumes and technical and economic efficiency of using spun reinforced concrete poles for EPTL supports.Aim. Industrial implementation of spun reinforced concrete poles with the high-strength innovation profile reinforcement by replacing A800 rebars with four-row-profile Au1000P rebars.Materials and methods. The article provides data on the full-scale tests of spun reinforced concrete poles for EPTL supports according to the GOST 22687.1-85 “Centrifugal cylinder reinforced concrete posts for high-voltage transmission lines. Structure and dimensions” [1]. Three pole samples with a length of 26 m were prepared and tested. One sample consisted of prestressed A800 rebars according to GOST 22687.1-85, while the other two prototypes include the prestressed Au1000P rebars with the four-row profile. In the second sample, the reinforcement scheme (diameters and rebar quantity) repeats the standard option, increasing the bearing capacity of the pole. Having the same bearing capacity as the pole, manufactured according to the GOST, the third sample promoted for the reduction in the quantity of non-stressed rebars.Results. A new scheme for reinforcing the pole sample using Au1000P rebars was developed. The results of the sample testing are presented; a comparative evaluation of the pole strength and deformation characteristics is given; technical and economic indicators, as well as the recommendations regarding the reinforcement of the prestressed spun concrete poles with Au1000P rebars are provided.Conclusion. According to the results of the performed study, an economic effect was established due to a reduction in the quantity of non-stressed rebars by 28 %. Poles with Au1000P prestressed rebars have an increased corrosion resistance and durability due to the closing of cracks formed during the impact of short-term dynamic loads from wind gusts, wire breaks, etc. In terms of a recommendation, it is proposed to update the GOST 22687.1-85 in order to use new types of high-strength reinforcement rolled products and higher strength concrete.

Investigation of the mechanism of defect formation on reinforcements in multi-strain rolling with separation.

In the production of rolled metal products, along with physical and mechanical properties, much attention is paid to the quality of the surface. Proper surface quality of rolled rebar provides not only the presentation of products, but also high performance properties of products ‒ long-term trouble-free operation of reinforced concrete structures. In order to increase production volumes and increase the productivity of mills, most manufacturers of rebar of small profiles No. 8‒22 use rolling with separation into several threads ‒ the slitting process. With the slitting process, most surface defects are formed near or in the thread separation area. The correct classification of defects and the establishment of the nature of their formation is a very important stage necessary for the analysis of production technology and the development of measures to improve product quality. The paper studies in detail the mechanism of formation of surface defects on reinforcement No. 12 of steel grade 25Mn2Si during rolling with separation into four threads.

Substantiation of the Main Parameters of the Device for Intrasoil Application of Solid Mineral Fertilizers on Slopes

The main parameters of the device for the implementation of the intrasoil application of solid mineral fertilizers on the slopes, aimed at significantly reducing the washing off of the surface fertile layer and maintaining soil fertility, and increasing production volumes and the quality of crop production in general, are substantiated. Attention is paid to the interaction of the device with solid granular fertilizers on flat areas and simple slopes.

Quantitative analysis of the effects of incorporating laser powder bed fusion manufactured conformal cooling inserts in steel moulds over four types of defects of a commercially produced injected part

The introduction of additively manufactured conformal cooling inserts in steel moulds for plastic injection is becoming a recommended standard. Fine adjustment of the temperatures in the mould has demonstrated potential to reduce cycle times and to increase production volumes. Within this context, the present article explores the historical production data of a commercially produced part, before and after the incorporation of an L-PBF conformal cooling insert, to analyse what is the quantitative real effect on the efficiency of the production runs. The article analyses the change in the global rejection rates, and its effect over four different product defect types, i.e.: optical (surface), part integrity (bubbles, transparency, geometry), incomplete fill-in (interior), and breakages during extraction. The results demonstrate a specific decrease on the average appearance (from 20.53% to 13.48%; reduction of 7.05%) and variability (standard deviation from 14.16% to 6.81%; reduction of a 7.35%), of the global scrap rates, and a significant decrease in the scrap rates generated by optical defects and extraction part breakages. The article also characterises the former and the new processes by adjusting two distribution functions (Pareto Type-I and Weibull) and compares different estimates for the global expected scrap rates in past and future production runs.

Development of innovative and cooperative complex in the dairy industry

Object: The article analyzes the current state and development dynamics of the dairy industry in Kazakhstan. The volume of milk produced by agricultural categories and their structural share in the total milk production of the country was studied and it was found that the share of the population in recent years is 72-75%. The development of the dairy industry of the country is based on the creation of complexes of innovation and cooperation between the population and farms. The scheme of creation of innovative and cooperative relations between private farms and dairy processing company “FoodMaster-Shymkent” is developed and offered. In the scheme of milk collection, deep processing of milk on the basis of innovative and cooperative relations of the company, it is proposed to include the following groups as participants in cooperative relations between farms: milk producers – individual households of the population, peasant (farmer) farms and private entrepreneurs; milk processor – milk processing innovation and cooperative complex; consumers of dairy products – the population and special trade organizations. Methods: To achieve the research goal, general scientific methods were widely used, in particular, the method of content analysis; the method of analysis; the method of generalization; the method of graphical interpretation. Findings: Dairy company “FoodMaster” is one of the innovative enterprises, which includes 4 types of innovations for the development of innovation and cooperation, which includes product innovation and process innovation, marketing innovation and organizational innovation. This is an innovative dairy company, which for the first time introduced the ISO-9000 international standard in Kazakhstan, which effectively manages production according to the international standard, for the first time produced many types of high-quality innovative dairy products. Conclusions: It is noted that the existing innovative technologies, qualitative structural change of categories in the dairy industry, intensive economic growth, increasing the competitiveness of dairy products, as well as the development of a program in the organization to increase production volumes, milk processing in accordance with international standards, as well as the issuance of recommendations to consumers to expand the range of milk are being studied.

Development of an automated system for stack cutting machine of rolling production

The article describes the development of an automated system for a batch cutting machine for rolling production. The use of an automated control system is substantiated, as well as the development of an automated control system that allows cutting 5 pipes diameter 40 mm at the same time. The rationale for the need to improve production efficiency by modernizing the algorithm of the machine and introducing new automation elements into its composition is presented. The analysis of the technological process of the batch cutting section was carried out. A functional diagram of automation has been developed. A description of each element of the functional diagram of automation and the purpose of its main functions are presented. The development of algorithms and visualization of the technological process of the automated system of the batch cutting machine was carried out. Modeling of a typical technological mode of operation of a batch cutting machine has been carried out. An automated system of a batch cutting machine has been developed, which makes it possible to increase the service life of circular saws by ensuring a uniform load on the teeth of a circular saw, with a general increase in production volumes. An estimate of capital costs has been compiled, maintenance and operation costs have been calculated after the introduction of the developed automated system. According to calculations, the developed automated system of the batch cutting machine will pay off in 2.8 years, and the profitability index is 1.07.

Desain Mesin Pembuatan Gula Semut Berbahan Dasar Nira Kelapa Skala UMKM

Product development is a combination of technological trends that play a role in creating innovative works. Conceptual design is the initial phase of developing innovative product configurations. The processing of coconut sap into traditional palm sugar has constraints; the production process takes 4 to 6 hours and has a moisture content above 3%. The research objective was to obtain a machine design to increase production volume and reduce the water content in palm sugar. The machine design process begins with conducting interviews with 20 palm sugar craftsmen with approximately 5 years of experience to obtain information on priority needs. The VOC (Voice Of Customer) method can be used to determine priority designs and specifications. The results of the VOC process are (1) machine components made of food-grade materials, (2) production machines that are easy to operate and easy to maintain, (3) production machines with operational costs and affordable prices among MSMEs. The design development process has two alternative machines made using the Solidworks software. The results of the assessment of 30 SMEs’ palm sugar selected alternative two machine designs with dimensions of 70 x 60 x 155 cm. The advantage of the second engine design alternative is that it has a temperature sensor to adjust the gas valve and a pan with an insulator so that it can maintain temperature stability. The design of the palm sugar machine still requires innovation and development to increase production and quality.

Finance of agro-industrial enterprises: current issues of analysis and management

Relevance. The relevance of the study is due to the important role of analyzing the causes and factors of the economic condition of the leading agricultural enterprises in the region. Sustainable development of agricultural enterprises provides not only food security, it also determines the level of economic well-being of citizens and reveals the potential of socio-economic development of the region. The purpose of the study is to analyze the financial condition of comparable grain processing enterprises in various regions of the Volga Federal District; assessment of the capital and property structure of these enterprises and its impact on financial performance in the current economic conditions.Methods. The main research tools were methods of financial analysis that can identify financial problems at the enterprise, establish cause-and-effect relationships and see ways to improve the situation.Results. The current state of agriculture is characterized by the fact that the pandemic, the restrictions imposed in connection with it, as well as the unstable situation in the world economy and sanctions have led to a deterioration in resource provision and caused a decline in the economic efficiency of the agro-industrial complex. The cost of purchased materials has increased, the level of debt has increased, small farms have sharply reduced revenue and profits. Monitoring of the economic situation of the agricultural sector showed that the production and economic risks of the leading enterprises of the industry did not significantly affect the financial results of their activities, many large enterprises continue to increase production volumes, their revenue and profits are growing. Diagnostics of the financial condition and comparative analysis of the effectiveness of asset management and sources of financing of the leading enterprises of the agroindustrial complex of the Volga Federal District were carried out. Strategic recommendations have been formed to improve the effectiveness of their financial policy. The conclusion is made about the influence of the specifics of the formation of sources of financing and the structure of property on the financial results of the enterprise.

Multifunctional Modification with TiO2, SiO2, and Flame Retardant Agent on Upholstery Fabrics Produced From Recycled Cotton Fibers

Environmental pollution threatens the life of the world nowadays. Increasing the world population, rapidly changing fashion trends, and marketing activities have caused serious increases in textile production and consumption. As the size of the production volume increases, the effects of the textile industry on the ecosystem are increased as well. Recycling is critical in textiles to use less energy, water, and chemicals and to pollute our environment less. The aim of this study to develop functional and high value-added upholstery fabrics by recycling textile wastes. In the scope of this study, the effects of wastes obtained from different sources and different recycling fiber ratios on fabric properties were investigated. Furthermore, fabrics containing recycled cotton wastes blended with polyester fiber were also included. First, the abrasion resistance test was carried out on the fabrics produced from these waste fibers, and the fabrics with the best performance for upholstery fabrics were determined, and then flame retardant, water repellency, and soil release finishing processes were applied to these fabrics. It was concluded that the flame retardant, water, and stain repellent upholstery fabrics from recycled fibers were successfully developed. Also, fabrics containing 15% recycled cotton fabrics obtained better results among the fabrics.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE MARKETING STRATEGY OF AGRICULTURAL SECTOR ENTERPRISES ON THE GRAIN MARKETS OF UKRAINE AND THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

DEVELOPMENT OF THE MARKETING STRATEGY OF AGRICULTURAL SECTOR ENTERPRISES ON THE GRAIN MARKETS OF UKRAINE AND THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA