DEVELOPMENT OF THE MARKETING STRATEGY OF AGRICULTURAL SECTOR ENTERPRISES ON THE GRAIN MARKETS OF UKRAINE AND THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

Organizational and economic levers to activate the cooperation of the Chinese People's Republic and Ukraine in the sphere of tourism, resorts and hotel management

Risk Assessment of Veterinary Drug Residues in Pork on the Market in the People's Republic of China

Co-operatives' return to Chinese agricultural economy is a landmark indicating that the peasant economy is not suitable for the yearly increasing costumers' demands for agricultural products. Taking advantage of the economy of scale, how to participate in Chinese agricultural market is a complicated question for co-operatives. Hereby we discuss about co-operatives' participating paths in Chinese agricultural market in the very paper. 1. Co-operatives and Agricultural Market in China In 2006 the Bill of Farmer Specialised Co-operatives Law was enacted at the 10th session of National People's Congress in China (1). The Law demonstrates the new era of the co-operative movement in China, also announces co-operatives' return to Chinese agricultural market. Being distinct from other economic entities, such as various types of enterprises and individual business, the Law defines the legal framework of co-operatives, for the first time co-operatives are provided with the status of legal person. It means that co-operatives have the qualification to participate in Chinese agricultural market. The Report on Chinese Market Entities in the 1st quarter of 2015 indicates quantitatively the proportions of 4 main types of market entities in China (Fig. 1). In the very Figure the co-operatives' proportion in Chinese market is impressive. Judging from the historical data, in 2008 the total amount of registered co-operatives in SAICPRC (State Administration for Industry & Commerce of the People's Republic of China) was 110900, according to the latest statistics, in the end of February 2015 the definite amount is 1337400, and the high-speed development of co-operatives is remarkable (2). On another level, yearly the dramatic increase of co-operatives' quantity proves the sustainable profitability of the specialised economic organisation formed by peasants. The economy of scale caused by co-operatives leads to the rapid prosperity in Chinese agricultural economy. Separating themselves from the planned economy, co-operatives are forced to face the combative contests in agricultural market. Considering the internal environment, co-operatives have to overcome the limitation and weakness in finances, human resources, marketing skills and the risk management.

Background and Aim: The important factors of effective performance are those related to the working environment or organization, such as the environment in the organization, organizational policies and administrative control, command, the nature of the work, the relationship between people at all levels of the organization, compensation, management, budget, etc., and the factors caused by the operator. Thus, this study aims to study the personal development level of Huhohaote Zhuoyue Human Resource Service Co., LTD employees. To study the work efficiency level of employees in Hohhot Zhuoyue Human Resource Service Co., LTD., People's Republic of China. Study the relationship between employee development and performance in Hohhot Zhuoyue Human Resource Service Co., LTD. Materials and Methods: To study and provide suggestions on talent development and employee performance of Hohhot Zhuoyue Human Resource Service Co., LTD., People's Republic of China. The study subjects were 80 employees of Zhuoyue Human Resource Service Co., LTD., Huhohot City, People's Republic of China. The sample size calculation formula of Yamane Taro was adopted to determine the sample size. The analysis was carried out statistically. Data include frequency distribution, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Pearson correlation coefficient statistics were used to test the hypothesis. The statistical significance level was 0.05. Results: The research results found that: (1) the Talent development level of employees of Huhhot Zhuoyue Human Resources Service Co., LTD., People's Republic of China; Overall, is at the highest level. (2) The work efficiency level of employees of Huhhot Zhuoyue Human Resource Service Co., LTD., People's Republic of China. Overall, this is a high level. (3) Analysis results of the relationship between employee development and employee work efficiency in Huhhot Zhuoyue Human Resource Service Co., LTD., People's Republic of China. In general, the relationship between the two is at a high level. The lowest level equals -0.292. 4) Suggestions for talent development and work performance of employees of Hohhot Zhuoyue Human Resources Service Co., LTD., People's Republic of China are as follows: Increase modern training forms, so that theoretical knowledge and practical knowledge applied to practical work, and organize training consistent with the job responsibilities of employees. Training should be targeted and purposeful. A sufficient budget should be provided for training so that trainees can put their knowledge to good use and apply what they have learned to practical work. Employees should be brought to more successful departments to learn so that they can become role models in the work. Employees should be provided with financial support for further education. Professional trainers should be allowed to explain specific work knowledge to employees. Training should be provided in line with employees' interests, and the company should cultivate employees' sense of service and be recognized in the enterprise. Conclusion: The relationship between human resource development and employee performance is moderate in Hohhot Zhuoyue Human Resource Service Co., LTD.

A special issue of IUBMB Life celebrating the 50th anniversary of FAOBMB (1972–2022)

A consequence of shifting from a centralised to a decentralised market in China is the growing demand for legislation to regulate relationships between different market players. A system of consumer law is necessary to govern the dealings between business operators and consumers. In response to this need, a national consumer statute as well as statutes in other areas have been enacted to deal with various aspects of consumer protection. This paper discusses the roles of the relevant pieces of legislation in protecting consumers in China. This paper also discusses the recent developments in the Chinese consumer law under the revised criminal legislation and the consolidated contract statute, and their implications for investors. JEL: K39 Keywords: Business; China; Competition; Consumer protection; Contract law, Criminal law; Product quality I. INTRODUCTION There is a saying among foreign business operators that, even selling sewing needles, you can still make a fortune in China, if everyone buys one needle from you. This statement suggests the magnitude of the Chinese consumer market. China has nearly a quarter of the world's population. With its 1.25 billion people, all potential consumers, China has become a substantial world market. In addition to the huge population, China's market-oriented economic reform, its on-going open door policy for foreign investment, and its forthcoming entry to the World Trade Organisation is bringing about a blossoming of the commodity market. However, even under these favourable trading conditions, not all investments in China warrant a rich return. Instead some have suffered from crushing failure. One explanation for this is that foreign investors are unfamiliar with the legal environment in China, and are not aware of the growth of the Chinese consumer movement. Consumer protection is a relatively new area of law in China. In spite of its profound impact on traders in the Chinese market place, the study of Chinese consumer law is not popular amongst western scholars. Very little has been written in a foreign language about the legislation protecting consumers, even though it is part of the overall Chinese legal reform. (1) The primary aims of this paper are to increase foreign investors' awareness of legal protection of consumers in China, and to generate discussion in this area of law amongst foreign scholars. With these goals in mind, the paper is divided into four parts. In part one, the paper briefly discusses the major Chinese legislation relevant to consumer protection, such as the General Principles of Civil Law, the Product Quality Law, the Unfair Competition Law, the Advertising Law, and the Consumer Protection Law. In part two, the paper focuses on examining aspects of consumerism in recent enactments, namely, The Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China, and The Contract Law of the People's Republic of China. In part three, the paper discusses the implications of the Chinese consumer law and its latest developments for business operators. The final part submits that these legislations all have a distinct role in the consumer protection movement. They supplement rather than replace each other. II. THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF CHINESE CONSUMER PROTECTION--AN OVERVIEW The theory of consumer protection does not have a long history in contemporary China. This is partly because the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949 brought about a major change to the structure of the Chinese economy. From 1949 to 1978, the Chinese government adopted a model of planned economy, where the State controlled production and distribution of all commodities. (2) Since the government purchased all production from manufacturers, the latter were not concerned with profit-making. Furthermore, there was no incentive for business operators to behave unethically or dishonestly to obtain greater profits. …

Introduction to the Special Issue of Food Control to commemorate the sixth anniversary of the China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment

OVERVIEW: Establishing a venture in the People's Republic of China is complex and time consuming because of the differences between China and the West in managerial philosophy, market systems, industrial infrastructure, and motives for creating the venture. Acquisition of advanced technology is a predominant concern for China. As a result, technology transfer is almost always a key step in running a venture in China However, in practice there are many unexpected problems in the technology transfer process because of the specific Chinese situation. Currently there is increasing interest in building up ventures in China, which leads the authors to discuss the key issues for management in the process of technology transfer to China via ventures. Since the introduction of the open door policy in 1978, Chinese industrial production has increased annually by an average of 12.4 percent (1). After the Joint Venture Law was issued in 1979, China began introducing laws and regulations to establish an institutional and legislative infrastructure to stimulate foreign investment. Institutional changes include the creation of such organizations as the China International Trust and Investment Corporation, the decentralization of decision making powers and the establishment of the Special Economic Zones (2). Between January 1979 and June 1991, there were 34,080 foreign-funded projects in China, involving a total contractual investment of U.S.$ 44,800 million, with U.S.$ 20,568 million actually invested. Among these projects, 18,790 were Chinese-foreign ventures worth U.S.$ 17,470 million, of which a reported U.S.$ 9,940 million has actually been realized (3). Participation in the Chinese market is an important strategy for many multinational firms from the U.S., Japan and Western Europe. Since the beginning of the 1980s, Hong Kong and Japanese firms have invested in the textile, electronics, medicine, food, and motorcycle industries. Subsequently, American and European investments in the Chinese market have increased significantly. Apart from the sectors mentioned above, American and European firms have been active in the automobile, chemical, machinery, and coal industries. In order to produce the required products for its local market and for the international market, Chinese firms have to develop or acquire technology. Also, the application of this technology, or more generally the management of the production system, has to be developed. Because the development of technology is an expensive process which requires specific experience currently not available in China, and which takes a long time to develop, the transfer of technology is a logical route to acquire it. The Chinese desire to create industrial ventures in order to acquire advanced technology, hard currency and management expertise. While there are various vehicles for the transfer of technology (e.g., licensing and contract ventures), the equity venture is often selected because it allows the foreign partners to realize their major objective: participation in the Chinese market while keeping control over the activities (4). The April 4, 1990 amendment to the Law of the People's Republic of China on Joint Ventures Using Chinese and Foreign Investment, concerning nationalization or requisition of ventures, extending the term of the ventures, choosing the chairman of the board of directors and joint ventures bank accounts stresses the importance the authorities nowadays give to the establishment of ventures (5). Previous studies focused on identifying the different types of ventures in China and their internal structures, and less on the practical problems of managing the ventures effectively (6). With these studies as a basis, the aim of this paper is to identify a number of practical management problems foreign firms face in the transfer of technology to their ventures in China. …

BackgroundParkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease, and obtaining accurate epidemiological data for this disease is very important for policy-making in public health. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and incidence of PD in the People’s Republic of China and explore possible future research directions.MethodsWe systematically retrieved studies of the prevalence and incidence of PD in the People’s Republic of China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong, and standardized the data according to the world’s population in 2000.ResultsFifteen eligible studies were retrieved. Most were cross-sectional studies, and two thirds of the research was from the People’s Republic of China. The prevalence of PD was reported in all the studies, but only two studies reported incidence data. The prevalence of PD in the People’s Republic of China ranged from 16 to 440.3/100,000, and the annual incidence ranged from 1.5 to 8.7/100,000.ConclusionThe prevalence of PD in the People’s Republic of China has been widely investigated in the studies published to date. However, due to methodological heterogeneity, the data reported by the different studies are not comparable. There is still a lack of information on the incidence of PD in the People’s Republic of China. Therefore, future research is required to answer this question.

To the Editor: Highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus caused disease outbreaks in poultry and wild birds in several Asian, European, and African countries from 2003 to 2006. This virus caused >90 human deaths in Vietnam, Thailand, People's Republic of China, Indonesia, Turkey, Iraq, and Cambodia (1–3). Hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of this virus were derived from the Gs/Gd/1/96-like lineage, and 6 genes that encode internal viral proteins were derived from other lineages (1). Highly pathogenic H5N1 virus genetically related to the A/Chicken/Shantou/4231/03 (People's Republic of China) isolate caused disease outbreaks in poultry in Japan from the end of December 2003 to March 2004 (4). In May and June 2005, highly pathogenic H5N1 virus was isolated from migratory birds during disease outbreaks near Lake Qinghai in western People's Republic of China. HA, NA, and nucleoprotein genes of the Qinghai virus were closely related to H5N1 virus A/Chicken/Shantou/4231/03 isolated in People's Republic of China in 2003. Five other viral genes (matrix, PA, PB1, PB2, and nonstructural protein) were closely related to an H5N1 Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China 2004 isolate (A/Peregrin falcon/HK/D0028/04) and H5N1 virus A/Chicken/Shantou/810/05 isolated in People's Republic of China in 2005 (5,6). In July 2005, domestic poultry began to die in the village of Suzdalka in western Siberia, Russia (Dovolnoe County, Novosibirsk region). Autopsies showed serious alterations in all internal organs tested. Approximately 95%–100% of the lungs were affected, and all serous membranes showed petechial and confluent hemorrhages. The highest concentration of hemorrhages was in the pericardium. Organs from 3 birds (1 turkey and 2 chickens) that had died during this outbreak were further analyzed. Homogenates of lungs, kidneys, and spleens were tested by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. The highest titers, 32 and 16, were observed in the spleen of the turkey and kidneys of the chickens, respectively. H5 influenza A virus was identified in a homogenate of turkey spleen by conventional HI assay (7) with a panel of reference antisera. For the identification of NA subtype, RNA was isolated from turkey spleen homogenate and synthesis of viral cDNA was performed as previously described (7). Amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing of an NA gene fragment were performed with in-house primers (sequences of primers are available on request). The nucleotide sequence obtained (547 bp, GenBank accession no. {type:entrez-nucleotide,attrs:{text:DQ231243,term_id:78146121,term_text:DQ231243}}DQ231243) showed 100% identity with the NA gene of H5N1 viruses isolated in People's Republic of China in 2005 (e.g., A/Great black-headed gull/Qinghai/1/05) (5,6). Homogenates of bird organs (turkey spleen and chicken kidneys) were injected into the allantoic cavity of 10-day-old embryonated chicken eggs. Three hemagglutinating agents were isolated (titers 1,024–2,048) and identified as H5 influenza A virus (A/Turkey/Suzdalka/Nov-1/05, A/Chicken/Suzdalka/Nov-11/05, and A/Chicken/Suzdalka/Nov-12/05) by reverse transcription–PCR and sequencing (isolation of RNA from allantoic fluid and synthesis of virus cDNA were performed as previously described [7]). PCR amplification and sequencing of a fragment of the HA gene were performed with an in-house primer set for the H5 gene (available on request). Phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences obtained (GenBank accession nos. {type:entrez-nucleotide,attrs:{text:DQ231242,term_id:78146106,term_text:DQ231242}}DQ231242, {type:entrez-nucleotide,attrs:{text:DQ231241,term_id:78146083,term_text:DQ231241}}DQ231241, and {type:entrez-nucleotide,attrs:{text:DQ231240,term_id:78146041,term_text:DQ231240}}DQ231240) indicated that western Siberian 2005 isolates belong to the Gs/Gd/1/96-like lineage and form a cluster with H5N1 viruses isolated from migratory birds in the People's Republic of China in 2005 (5), from poultry in Japan in 2004 (4), and from poultry and humans in Asian countries in 2003 and 2004 (1) (Figure). Deduced amino acid HA cleavage site sequences of all isolates (PQGERRRKKR/GL) corresponded to highly pathogenic Asian H5N1 influenza virus variants (5,6). Figure Phylogenetic tree of H5 hemagglutinin genes of influenza A viruses. The 3 H5 western Siberian 2005 viruses isolated in this study are shaded. Phylogenetic analysis was performed by the neighbor-joining method with the Molecular Evolutionary Genetic Analysis ... To test virulence, 10 six-week-old chickens were intravenously infected with isolate A/Turkey/Suzdalka/Nov-1/05 as previously described (7). All viruses isolated were highly pathogenic (all chickens died within a day of infection). We isolated H5N1 influenza virus from the spleen of a turkey that died during an outbreak in poultry in western Siberia in July 2005. HA and NA genes of this virus were closely related to those of H5N1 avian influenza viruses that caused outbreaks in birds in Asian countries from 2003 to 2005 and in Japan in 2003 and 2004. The corresponding isolate, A/Turkey/Suzdalka/Nov-1/05, from turkey spleen was highly pathogenic for chickens in the laboratory intravenous pathogenicity index test. The origin of this H5N1 virus in western Siberia is not known. Migratory birds could have introduced this virus because western Siberia is located on a flyway of wild birds that migrate in the spring from southeastern Asia. Highly pathogenic Asian H5N1 influenza virus in western Siberia demonstrates spread of these Asian viruses into new areas and suggests a larger geographic distribution.

The Developing EconomiesVolume 9, Issue 4 p. 400-421 Free Access CHINA'S FOREIGN POLICY SINCE THE CULTURAL REVOLUTION —Steps toward the Recovery of Its U.N. Seat— Takayuki IZUMI, Takayuki IZUMISearch for more papers by this author Takayuki IZUMI, Takayuki IZUMISearch for more papers by this author First published: December 1971 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1049.1971.tb00682.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat REFERENCES 1 Advance Victoriously along Chairman Mao's Revolutionary Line” (NCNA, December 31, 1970), (NCNA, December 31, 1970), No. 4814 (January 7, 1971). 2 Announcement: Nixon Accepts Chou Invitation to Visit PRC” (NCNA, July 16, 1971), (NCNA, July 16, 1971), No. 137 (July 16, 1971). 3 Chou En-lai. Speech at Rumanian Ambassador's National Day Reception,” Survey of China Mainland Press, No. 4247 (August 29, 1968). 4 Flow of History Cannot Be Reversed” (Rodong shinmun editorial on August 8, 1971), Daily Report: Asia & Pacific, Vol. 4, No. 153 (August 9, 1971). 5 Indochinese Peoples Summit Conference Convened” (Viet Nam News Agency, April 27, 1970), Daily Report: Asia & Pacific, Vol. 2, No. 81 (April 27, 1970). 6 Joint Communique of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Government of the People's Republic of China, and the Central Committee of the Viet Nam Workers' Party and the Government of the Democratic Republic of Viet Nam” (NCNA, March 10, 1971), Daily Report: Asia & Pacific, Vol. 4, No. 47 (March 10, 1971). 7 Joint Communique of the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea” (NCNA, April 8, 1970), Daily Report: Asia & Pacific, Vol. 2, No. 69 (April 9, 1970). 8 Joint Editorial Hails Anniversary of Mao's ‘20 May’ Statement,” Daily Report: Communist China, Vol. 1, No. 98 (May 20, 1971). 9 Lin Piao. Report to the 9th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,” Survey of China Mainland Press, No. 4406 (May 1, 1969). 10 Mao Tse-tung. On the Chungking Negotiations,” in Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung, Vol. 4 ( Peking : Foreign Languages Press, 1961). 11 Mao Tse-tung. People of the World, Unite and Defeat the U.S. Aggressors and All Their Running Dogs Peking Review, Vol. 13, Special Issue (May 23, 1970). 12 Ministry Issues Statement on CPR-U.S. Talks” (NCNA, November 26, 1968), Daily Report: Communist China, Vol. 1, No. 231 (November 26, 1968). 13 Rodong Shinmun Attacks Revived Japanese Militarism,” Daily Report: Asia & Pacific, Vol. 2, No. 64 (April 2, 1970). 14 Sihanouk, S. N. Message to Her Majesty the Queen, the Khmer Bonzes, and People” (NCNA, March 23, 1970), Daily Report: Asia & Pacific, Vol. 2, No. 57 (March 24, 1970). 15 Sihanouk, S. N. Twenty-fourth Message to the Khmer Nation on July], July 31, 1971), Daily Report: Asia & Pacific, Vol. 4, No. 148 (August 2, 1971). 16 Snow, E. A Conversation with Mao Tse-tung,” Life, April 30, 1971). 17 Statement of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Government of the People's Republic of China” (NCNA, December 13, 1970), Daily Report: Communist China, Vol. 1, No. 241 (December 14, 1970). 18 Statement of the Government of the People's Republic of China” (NCNA, February 2, 1971), Daily Report: Communist China, Vol. 1, No. 31 (February 16, 1971). 19 Statement of the People's Republic of China” (NCNA, October 29, 1971), (NCNA, October 29, 1971), No. 210 (November 1, 1971). 20 Troop Withdrawal, Not Talks, Key to Indochina Solution” (NCNA, August 3, 1971), Daily Report: People's Republic of China, Vol. 1, No. 149 (August 3, 1971). Volume9, Issue4December 1971Pages 400-421 ReferencesRelatedInformation

The status and role of English as a school subject in China has fluctuated wildly because of its desirable but sensitive connotations. English is the language of world trade and communications, which makes its study an important strategy in implementing internationally-oriented policies for "modernization", while its historical overtones of imperialism, capitalism and even barbarianism are unwelcome for those who prefer more self-reliant and isolationist approaches. This paper traces the career of the English curriculum in China since 1949, with particular reference to the junior secondary school curriculum, through an analysis of the national syllabus and textbooks. It identifies five distinct periods and analyses the major forces of curriculum change, the dynamics of curriculum design, and the principal features of models for change in each of the periods. It is argued that the overall process of policy-making, and curriculum development specifically, has been characterized by a complexity and pattern of development which is not adequately recognized in existing portrayals that have focused on the relationship between macro political shifts and educational policies, and have emphasized the role of the state.

Topicality. The urgency of the problem of using the positive foreign experience of economic transformations and opportunities for its application in the domestic practice of reform and public administration based on the use of public authorities to implement the agricultural policy of the People's Republic of China is currently very important. Aim and tasks. The aim of the article is to develop theoretical and methodological provisions for the application of public authorities for the implementation of agricultural policy of the People's Republic of China at different stages of its development. Research results. In the Chinese economy, the agricultural sector continues to play a significant role, remaining the world's leading producer and exporter of agricultural products, although it owns only 10% of the world's arable land. China's agriculture was focused on meeting the country's domestic grain needs on its own, but in recent years they have been covered by imports. Thus, the reduction of land available for crops, made it more profitable to import crops such as wheat and rice, which allowed to save China's resources for growing more valuable products (fruits, nuts or vegetables). To support the country's independence in the field of cereals and maintain the quality of food, the Chinese government is stepping up policies aimed at cultivating more profitable crops. The main directions of modernization of the commodity economy with the purpose of revival of economic activity on transition of mainly traditional (consumer) agriculture to market (commodity) type are substantiated, where the main main direction of the accelerated development of agriculture became deep structural reorganization, refusal of monoculture of grain in agriculture and transition to diversification. farms. It is determined that in the differentiation of Chinese markets, their main common feature is the regulated nature. This is what ensured the stability of the reform movement, and the practice gave the economic process the appearance of permanent compromises in the formation of flexible economic policy. Conclusions. The agrarian policy of the state, largely due to an effective system of public administration, must ensure its food security, which is an important component of national security, which guarantees the political independence of the country, its economic integrity and stable social security. Agriculture plays a significant role in the country's economy, thanks to which the country occupies a leading position in the world in terms of agricultural production and exports. The structure of agricultural production is dominated by crop production, although the country's livestock industry has been actively developing in recent years, but has very low productivity. Increasing attention to the countryside implies a significant increase in investment in this sector, especially foreign ones. The reform of China has gone through five stages, each of which had its own specific purpose, timing, detailed testing by previous field experiments with a clear definition of future actions on the results of the positive results, which were mounted in the new programs. In the agrarian sphere, this manifested itself in the introduction of the family contract system in the agrarian sphere, the reform of the sphere of circulation, the introduction of various forms of trade, the development of hired labor, and so on. This allowed us to test new forms of market recovery and regulation, which a few years after the beginning of the reforms in the countryside were adopted in industry.

The Saudi Arabia’s “Fundamentalists” the position runs counter in the basic religious doctrine with, and People's Republic of China ’s “Communist” and “Socialism” the idea, also can affect the Saudi Arabian imperial family’s benefit and the stability. However the Saudi Arabia actually purchases the missile to the People’s Republic of China, and established diplomatic relations in 1990 . The Transformation in Diplomatic Relations between Saudi-Arabia and China was really worth studying and the discussion truly. Because in 1973 the petroleum crisis took Saudi Arabia the huge economic interest, enable Saudi Arabia’s government to have the abundant financial resource to foster the talent, but caused in this border to have the social structure change, because the group accepted the higher education or overseas abroad study return to homeland, dominated the political power to Saudi Arabian’s Government and the traditional royal court to be discontented, finally urged Saudi Arabian’s King to implement the reform as well as the cabinet carries on the reorganization, in addition, also enabled the sand country tradition political power abandonment passing the country to have to “the communism” first impressions ares most lasting the hostility, and after suffered US ‘s Parliament to go back a promise to sell the Saudi Arabian F-15 fighter plane, originated the policy using the disperser arms sale to purchase missiles form People’s Republic of China. In the international environment aspect, the Saudi Arabia after the excavating petroleum, is admires the US military force to protect its petroleum benefit, but because US's Israel's policy, causes the Saudi Arabia to the American confidence vacillation, however, this time People’s Republic of China actually unceasingly (the People’s Republic of China using the United Nations Security Council), the economy (purchases petrified industry and wheat), the military (sells the missiles), the psychology (using religious relations), at that time Saudi Arabia is in order to maintain the Saudi Arabian leader regime stably, strengthens own national defense military force, by the consolidated this country in under the Islam world leading positions consideration, urges Saudi Arabia choose People’s Republic of China to purchases missiles, and establishes both sides official foreign relations.

The article examines the content of the formation of the enterprise's marketing strategy in the context of sustainable development and digital transformations. The formation of marketing strategies in the context of sustainable development is presented as a process of developing and implementing marketing measures that are aimed not only at increasing the company's profitability and competitiveness, but also take into account social, environmental and economic aspects of sustainable development. The key features of the formation of marketing strategies in the context of sustainable development are identified, which distinguish them from traditional marketing approaches. It is justified that the specified features determine the development of sustainable marketing strategies as a complex and dynamic process aimed at achieving a balance between commercial interests and social and environmental responsibility. The main advantages of using digital technologies in the formation of a marketing strategy to ensure the sustainable development of enterprises are outlined, among which the following are highlighted: increased accuracy of data analysis; optimization of resource use; reducing the ecological footprint; increasing transparency; personalization of marketing campaigns; quick adaptation to changes; improving communication with consumers; cost reduction; increasing customer loyalty; support of an innovative image. It is substantiated that the following are the most modern and innovative digital technologies that can be actively used in the formation of a marketing strategy to ensure the sustainable development of enterprises: big data; artificial intelligence; CRM systems; social media; internet of things; cloud technologies; augmented reality; marketing automation; blockchain; data analytics, etc.