Increase In RBC Counts Research Articles

Effect of chronic opioid use on the hematological and inflammatory markers: A retrospective study from North India.

BackgroundChronic opioid use affects biological functioning implicating the hematopoietic and immune system. It may alter various hematological parameters and inflammatory markers. This study aimed to assess the association of opioid dependence with the hematological parameters and inflammatory markers in the Indian population.MethodsA retrospective chart review was done among opioid dependent (ODS) males and healthy controls (HC) who visited the center’s laboratory between Jan 2017 and Dec 2018 for hematological investigations. Clinical records reviewed for opioid use details like type, duration, and route of administration. The hematological profile presented as Mean or median. Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare the hematological parameters between the cases and controls.ResultsThe study included 191 ODS patients and 123 controls. Among ODS patients, a significant decrease in the levels of hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin and an increase in RBC count and lymphocytes was observed when compared to controls. The inflammatory markers, Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio, were significantly lower among ODS. Longer duration of opioid use leads to increased NLR among ODS patients. Opioid use by injection did not alter any of the hematological parameters compared to non-injection drug use.ConclusionChronic opioid use has a significant effect on the hematopoietic cells. Opioid use for longer durations increases the inflammatory markers suggesting underlying infections.

Impact of different artificial light intensities on some reproductive, productive performance aspects and blood picture of male quail

This experiment was designed to determine the influence of various white light intensities on spermatogenesis, hematology and growth performance of male quail. A total of 80 birds of one day aged had been assigned to four equal groups: G1 control group was kept under natural light program 12h light:12h dark. G2, G3, G4 were exposed to artificial white light emitting diodes at 0.6, 45 and 25 Lux for 5 hours daily for 8 weeks starting at 14 days of age. The result showed that the application of Lux 0.6, 45 and 25 caused a significant increase in heart weight relative to control. Lux 0.6 led to decrease in total body weight, left testis weight and foam weight. The result revealed that exposure to 0.6 Lux caused significant decrease in sperm count and live sperm percentage and increase in dead sperm percentage. Program of 25 Lux generated a significant increase in RBC counts compared to 0.6 Lux. Exposure to 45 Lux and 25 Lux triggers a significant increase in PCV and hemoglobin concentrations. Exposures to 0.6 Lux and 25 Lux resulted in a significant increase in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, while apply to program 0.6 Lux cause increase in stress index. The best feed conversion ratio was detected in normal daylight, 0.6 Lux and 25 Lux respectively. In conclusion, exposure of male quails to different intensities of white LED bulb had an effect on the some physiological and reproductive parameters.

Complete Blood Count (CBC) Status among Hypertensive Subjects in Isiala Mbano, Imo State, South East, Nigeria

Aim: The Complete Blood Count (CBC) among hypertensive subjects in Isiala Mbano, Imo State, Nigeria West Africa were studied.
 Methodology: The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (2017) current definition of hypertension was used to ascertain, diagnoses and assigned eighty (80)hypertensive subjects after three different consecutive blood pressure check into tests groups. Other blood pressure measures such as pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure were calculated appropriately. Venous blood samples were collected with 5mls syringe and immediately emptied into EDTA container for complete blood count analysis.
 Results: The results showed increase in RBC count, HB, PCV and decrease in MCV among hypertensive subjects compared with normotensive subjects. It was statistically insignificant in all age groups. No changes were seen in MCHC and MCH. The results also, showed increase in PLTS count. The increase in PLTS count was statistically significant at P<0.05 and <0.001 among hypertensive age groups 36-65yrs and >66yrs respectively. Increase in PLTS count among 20-35yr age group was not significant. There were increase in WBC count among hypertensive subjects compared with normotensive subjects in all age groups. It was statistically significant at P<0.05 and <0.001 among hypertensive age groups 36-50yrs and >66yrs respectively. Neutrophil was increased in all age groups and was statistically significant at P<0.05 except 20-35yr age group. No changes were seen on lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils.
 Conclusion: Haematological parameters investigated could predict possible cardiovascular abnormalities such as hypertension.

Haematopoietic Effects of Amloki (<i>Emblica officinalis</i>) in Pregnancy with Iron Deficiency Anaemia

Due to poverty and ignorance more than half of the pregnant women in developing country are suffering from iron deficiency anaemia (IDA). Different gastrointestinal side effects cause low compliance to iron supplementation. Amloki (Emblica officinalis) is very popular among pregnant women for its taste and traditional belief of well-being. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of amloki on RBC, WBC and Platelet count. Prospective comparative study was carried out on patients of Outpatient Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital from July 2016 to June 2017. A total of 43 pregnant women between the 13th to the 20th weeks of gestation with IDA were selected aged 18 - 36 years in this study. Anemic pregnant women supplemented with oral iron and amloki were considered as study group (A) and control group (B) were with only iron supplementation for 45 days. Total count of RBC, WBC and platelet were done in the Department of Hematology & BMT Unit, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka. For statistical analysis, Paired Student’s “t” test and Unpaired Student’s “t” test were considered using SPSS 22.0 version. A significant increase (p < 0.05) of blood RBC count was observed after intervention of iron in both groups. There was also significant increase in RBC count in iron + amloki supplemented group than that of only iron supplemented group. In this study, there was also increase of WBC count in iron + amloki supplemented group and decrease of platelet count in both groups, but these changes were not statistically significant. It can be concluded that oral amloki supplementation causes increased blood RBC count in IDA with pregnancy.

Acute oral toxicity evaluation of extracts of Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides in wister albino rats as per OECD 425 TG.

Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides (Family: Apiaceae) is a medicinal plant and is been a part of traditional cuisine. Hence, an acute toxicity study was performed to confirm its safety profile. Female rats (n=5) were randomly divided into 5 groups. One group served as the control and the other groups were been administered with the petroleum ether, chloroform, methanolic and aqueous extract of Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides at 2000 mg/kg body weight. Blood was collected at certain intervals to measure the haematological and biochemical parameters. The vital organs were isolated and preserved for histopathological examinations. The result suggested that the LD50 of all the extracts are greater than 2000 mg/kg body weight. There was no significant change in body weight, Behaviour, Renal Function test, Liver function test and Lipid profile. In haematological evaluation, there was an increase in RBC count and haemoglobin production post administration of methanolic and aqueous extract. The study suggested that the LD50 of the plant is greater than 2000 mg/kg body weight of rats in all the extracts.

Safety Profile for Evaluation of Berberine in Sprague- Dawley Rats: Effects on Renal, Liver and Myelopoietic Functions

The study was designed to investigate the effect of berberine toxicity on liver enzymes, renal function, serum uric acid and blood cell counts of Sprague-Dawley rats. For this purpose, twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided in two groups. Group A (n=10) was given distilled water and Group B (n=10) wassupplemented berberine hydrochloride with dose of 75 mg/kg body weight/day. 24 weeks post-treatment, blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture from both groups and tested for Hb (%), WBC, RBC and platelet counts, SGPT, alkaline phosphatse, serum uric acid, blood urea and serum creatinine. All thenumerical data were expressed as mean± SD. The values in two groups were analyzed with help of unpaired t-test. A p-value ˂ 0.05 was considered significant. After 24 weeks of treatment with berberine hydrochloride, no significant differences were observed in Hb%, platelet count, liver enzymes and RFTs between twogroups. There was a significant increase in RBC count and reduction in serum uric acid and WBC count in experimental group as compared to control group. There were no significant untoward effects of berberine on platelet count, LFTs and RFTs of Spargue-Dawley rats except neutropenia.

ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ПІДГОСТРОЇ ТОКСИЧНОСТІ ПРЕПАРАТУ «ДЕРМАБІН»

Встановлено, що препарат «Дермабін» в дозах 500 і 1000 мг/кг за умов щоденного нашкірного нанесення протягом 28 діб не спричиняє загибелі тварин, не чинить токсичного впливу на загальний стан, поведінку, споживання їжі та води, температуру та динаміку маси тіла, абсолютну та відносну масу внутрішніх органів щурів. Результати гематологічних досліджень свідчать, що курсове застосування «Дермабіну» у вищенаведених дозах призводить до розвитку лімфоцитопенії, моноцитопенії, еозинопенії та до незначного збільшення кількості еритроцитів і не змінює кількість тромбоцитів та вміст гемоглобіну в периферичній крові. Показники біохімічних аналізів крові та сечі вказують на те, що «Дермабін» не впливає на білковий, ліпідний, вуглеводний обміни та не порушує роботу гепатобіліарної і сечовидільної систем. Аналіз отриманих даних свідчить про відсутність токсичного впливу препарату «Дермабін» за умов його щоденного нашкірного застосування в надвисоких дозах протягом 28 днів.

Spirulina platensis ameliorative effect against GSM 900-MHz cellular phone radiation-induced genotoxicity in male Sprague-Dawley rats

The current study was set to explore the possible radioprotective activity of Spirulina platensis (SP) against some genotoxic effects of GSM 900-MHz cellular phone radiation on both bone marrow cells and erythrogram. Sixty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups, exposed to mobile phone radiation for 6 h/day and/or orally administered 300 mg SP/kg body wt for 30 days. Erythrogram elements, alkaline comet, and micronucleus assays for the detection of DNA damage were estimated besides a histopathological examination of bone marrow tissue. Mobile phone radiation exposure evoked a significant increase in RBC count, Hb concentrations, and packed cell volume (PCV) in addition to marked elevation in the frequencies of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in the peripheral blood and bone marrow compared to control. On the other hand, SP significantly reduced the level of DNA damage and oxidative stress resulted from electromagnetic phone’s radiations. Conclusively, the continuous exposure to mobile phone’s radiation for a long time had a significant adverse genotoxic effect on both bone marrow and hematopoietic system. Yet, SP is proved to be a useful candidate compound in radioprotection.

&lt;I&gt;In Vivo&lt;/I&gt; Interaction of Gold Nanoparticles After Acute and Chronic Exposures in Experimental Animal Models

With emerging use of gold nanopaticles (GNP) in biomedical science now concern lies upon the fact that how this nonanparticles interact with biological systems both in vivo and in vitro. In this study effects of GNP (50 nm) were investigated in animal models after acute and chronic exposure. For acute studies GNP was administered intravenously at three doses and urine and blood samples were collected for urinary and haematological analysis at regular time intervals. For chronic studies GNP was administered intra-peritoneally at two dose levels and urine, blood, serum and tissue samples were collected for urinary, haematological, serum biochemical and histo-pathological analysis at regular intervals. Acute exposure revealed significant increase in WBC count at all the three dose levels and significant dose-dependent increase in RBC count and Hb%. Chronic exposure at 2 mg/kg dose level showed high toxicity. Significant changes in physical, morphological, WBC count and Hb% were observed after chronic exposure for multiple days. Histo-pathological studies indicated detrimental tissue histological changes in chronic animal models. Therefore, the above studies indicate that both acute and chronic GNP exposure exhibits potential physiological changes within animal system.

Effect of Caesalpinia bonducella seed extract on histoarchitecture of some vital organs and clinical chemistry in female albino rats

The effect of an ethanolic seed extract of Caesalpinia bonducella F., (Caesalpiniaceae) on the histoarchitecture of the some vital organs and clinical chemistry was evaluated in Wistar female albino rats. The study was divided into four groups. Group I received distilled water and served as vehicle treated control. Groups II, III and IV were orally administered 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg b.wt dose of seed extract respectively for 10 consecutive days and subsequently euthanized twenty four hours after the last dose. Histoarchitecture of the vital tissues in treated groups appeared normal. Hematological analysis showed a significant increase in RBC count, various types of WBCs, platelet count, hemoglobin levels and packed cell volume levels in all the seed extract treated groups. Serum biochemistry revealed significantly decreased cholesterol, triglycerides and creatinine levels whereas HDL level was found to be significantly increased in all the treated groups. Our results suggest that the ethanolic seed extract of C. bonducella probably possesses chemical constituents of cytoprotective potential and should be further explored as a source of natural medicine.

Allium sativumL. extract feeding changes the haematological patterns in female albino rats

The efficacy of garlic (Allium sativum Linn.) extract was studied on some haematological parameters in female albino rats. The garlic extract was tested in three different doses, 1 ml, 2 ml and 4 ml/kg body weight daily for a period of 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The results indicated a significant increase in RBC count, haemoglobin content and haematocrit value when rats were given low (1 ml/kg body weight) and medium (2 ml/kg body weight) doses whereas at higher (4 ml/kg body weight) dose these parameters decreased significantly. Further, there was a significant decrease in platelet count at low and medium doses and a significant increase at higher dose. WBC count increases significantly at all the doses at selected time period as compared to control.

Acanthus ilicifolius plant extract prevents DNA alterations in a transplantable Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing murine model

To investigate the chemopreventive efficacy of the Indian medicinal plant Acanthus ilicifolius L Acanthaceae in a transplantable Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC)-bearing murine model. Male Swiss albino mice were divided into four groups: Group A was the untreated normal control; Group B was the EAC control mice group that received serial, intraperitoneal (ip) inoculations of rapidly proliferating 2 x 10(5) viable EAC cells in 0.2 mL of sterile phosphate buffered saline; Group C was the plant extract-treated group that received the aqueous leaf extract (ALE) of the plant at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg body weight by single ip injections, once daily for 10, 20 and 30 consecutive days following tumour inoculation (ALE control); and Group D was the EAC + ALE-treatment group. The chemopreventive potential of the ALE was evaluated in a murine model by studying various biological parameters and genotoxic markers, such as tumour cell count, mean survival of the animals, haematological indices, hepatocellular histology, immunohistochemical expression of liver metallothionein (MT) protein, sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs), and DNA alterations. Treatment of the EAC-bearing mice with the ALE significantly (P < 0.001) reduced viable tumour cell count by 68.34% (228.7 x 10(6) +/- 0.53) when compared to EAC control mice (72.4 x 10(6) +/- 0.49), and restored body and organ weights almost to the normal values. ALE administration also increased (P < 0.001) mean survival of the hosts from 35 +/- 3.46 d in EAC control mice to 83 +/- 2.69 d in EAC + ALE-treated mice. Haematological indices also showed marked improvement with administration of ALE in EAC-bearing animals. There was a significant increase in RBC count (P < 0.001), hemoglobin percent (P < 0.001), and haematocrit value (P < 0.001) from 4.3 +/- 0.12, 6.4 +/- 0.93, and 17.63 +/- 0.72 respectively in EAC control mice to 7.1 +/- 0.13, 12.1 +/- 0.77, and 30.23 +/- 0.57 respectively in EAC + ALE-treated group, along with concurrent decrement (P < 0.001) in WBC count from 18.8 +/- 0.54 in EAC control to 8.4 +/- 0.71 in EAC + ALE. Furthermore, treatment with ALE substantially improved hepatocellular architecture and no noticeable neoplastic lesions or foci of cellular alteration were observed. Daily administration of the ALE was found to limit liver MT expression, an important marker of cell proliferation with concomitant reduction in MT immunoreactivity (62.25 +/- 2.58 vs 86.24 +/- 5.69, P < 0.01). ALE was also potentially effective in reducing (P < 0.001) the frequency of SCEs from 14.94 +/- 2.14 in EAC control to 5.12 +/- 1.16 in EAC + ALE-treated group. Finally, in comparison to the EAC control, ALE was able to suppress in vivo DNA damage by abating the generations of 'tailed' DNA by 53.59% (98.65 +/- 2.31 vs 45.06 +/- 1.14, P < 0.001), and DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) by 38.53% (3.14 +/- 0.31 vs 1.93 +/- 0.23, P < 0.01) in EAC-bearing murine liver. Our data indicate that, ALE is beneficial in restoring haematological and hepatic histological profiles and in lengthening the survival of the animals against the proliferation of ascites tumour in vivo. Finally, the chemopreventive efficacy of the ALE is manifested in limiting MT expression and in preventing DNA alterations in murine liver. The promising results of this study suggest further investigation into the chemopreventive mechanisms of the medicinal plant A. ilicifolius in vivo and in vitro.

A Phase I, Single and Fractionated, Ascending Dose Study Evaluating the Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Immunogenicity of an Erythropoietic Mimetic Antibody Fusion Protein, CNTO528, in Healthy Male Subjects.

Objectives: To assess the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics and immunogenicity of single and fractionated IV doses of an erythropoietic mimetic antibody fusion protein, CNTO 528, in healthy males.Methods: In this randomized, single-blind, and placebo (PBO)-controlled study, 44 subjects were enrolled in 5 dose cohorts. In Stage 1, 35 subjects received a single IV administration of 0.03, 0.09, 0.3, 0.9 mg/kg CNTO 528 or PBO. In Stage 2, 9 subjects received fractionated IV administrations of CNTO 528 or PBO on Days 1, 3 and 5 (3 infusions of 0.09 mg/kg or PBO).Results:Pharmacodynamics: In subjects treated with IV CNTO 528, a dose dependent increase in reticulocyte counts was observed. The maximum effect occurred at day 8 and returned back to baseline between days 22 through 29. Hemoglobin (Hgb) concentration increased in a dose dependent manner with a maximum effect occurring at day 22. Mean Hgb concentration remained 0.4 g/dL above baseline values at the last measurement, approximately 2.5 months after a single dose administration. A dose dependent increase in RBC count was observed with all RBC indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC) within normal range, indicating an increase in normocytic, normochromic RBCs. In all CNTO 528 treated subjects, a dose-dependent increase in soluble transferrin receptor concentration was observed. A dose-dependent increase in endogenous EPO concentration was observed, followed by a dose dependent decrease in endogenous EPO concentration. This may be the result of a competitive receptor binding mechanism.Pharmacokinetics: With 1 dose, the Cmax and AUC increased in an approximately dose proportional manner. The mean terminal half-life ranged between 6 – 7 days in the higher dose cohorts.Safety: Treatment with CNTO 528 was generally well tolerated. There were no serious adverse events (AEs) and few CNTO 528-related AEs. Two subjects in the highest dose cohort met the protocol pre-specified interruption rule of Hgb ≥ g/dL and underwent phlebotomy. In these subjects, high Hgb concentrations were not associated with AEs or clinical symptoms. All AEs were determined by the investigator to be mild to moderate in intensity. The most common AE across all groups was headache, occurring in both CNTO 528- and PBO-treated subjects. There was no dose-related trend across groups, and most subjects who experienced headaches were in the lowest 2 dose groups. There was no indication that any patterns of AEs or significant safety laboratory, vital signs, or ECG abnormalities were associated with the administration of CNTO 528.Immunogenicity: None of the 24 subjects who received single IV administration of CNTO 528 were positive for antibodies to CNTO 528.Conclusions: Single and fractionated IV administrations of CNTO 528 were well tolerated and resulted in prolonged, dose-dependent erythropoietic responses with notably low inter-subject variability. PK of IV CNTO 528 was linear and approximately dose proportional. No immunogenicity was observed. This data provides the first proof of concept in humans for erythropoietic responses and up-regulation of endogenous EPO levels by an erythropoietic mimetic antibody fusion protein.