Increase In MCV Research Articles

Enhanced nerve function recovery in radial nerve palsy patients with humerus shaft fracture: a randomized study of low-frequency pulse electrical stimulation combined with exercise therapy.

To evaluate the effect of low-frequency pulse electrical stimulation plus exercise therapy on nerve function recovery in patients with radial nerve palsy after humerus shaft fracture. A total of 110 patients with humerus shaft fracture and radial nerve injury admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to December 2021 were recruited. They were randomized to receive either conventional exercise therapy (control group) or conventional exercise therapy plus low-frequency pulse electrical stimulation (study group) according to the random number table method, with 55 cases in each. Clinical efficacy, muscle strength recovery, nerve conduction velocity (MCV), amplitude, wrist joint, and elbow joint activities of patients were analyzed and compared. Patients with low frequency stimulation (LFS) showed significantly higher treatment effectiveness (89.09%) than those with exercise therapy only (69.09%). The incorporation of LFS with exercise therapy provided more enhancement in the muscle strength of wrist extensor and total finger extensor in patients when compared with a mere exercise intervention, suggesting better muscle function recovery of patients produced by LFS. Moreover, a significant increase in MCV and its amplitude was observed in all included patients, among which those receiving LFS showed a greater escalation of MCV and its amplitude. Following a treatment duration of 6 months, more patients in the LFS cohort were reported to achieve a wrist extension and elbow extension with an angle over 45° than the controls. There was no notable variance in adverse responses noted between the two patient groups. In patients afflicted with humerus shaft fracture and radial nerve injury, the amalgamation of exercise therapy with low-frequency pulse electrical stimulation can significantly improve clinical efficacy, promote nerve function, and muscle strength recovery, and features a high safety profile. The combination of exercise therapy and low-frequency pulsed electrical stimulation can notably improve the promotion of neurologic function and muscle strength recovery in patients with humerus shaft fractures and radial nerve injuries with a high degree of safety.Clinical trial registration:https://www.researchregistry.com, identifier researchregistry9461.

Effects of Aloe Vera Gel on Red Blood Cell-parameters in Phenylhydrazine-induced Anaemic Wistar albino Rats

Background & objective: Anaemia is the most significant disorder of the blood. Many researchers have developed the concept of using medicinal plants as an alternative source of treatment for anaemia with fewer side effects. Aloe vera, being a medicinal plant, is popularly used as a natural drug in haematological disorders. The present study was intended to observe the effects of Aloe vera gel on red blood cell parameters in phenylhydrazine (PHZ)-induced anaemic Wistar albino rats. Methods: This Experimental study was conducted in Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from July 2021 to June 2022. A total of 24 healthy Wistar albino rats were selected for the study. After procurement, the rats were initially kept in a standard laboratory condition on a 12/12-hour light/dark cycle for 14 days of acclimatization before 21 days of the experiment. All the rats had free access to basal diet and normal saline during the period of acclimatization and experiment. After acclimatization for 14 days, the rats were divided into three groups-Group A (baseline control group, n = 8), Group B (PHZ-treated group, n = 8), and Group C, the Experimental Group (PHZ-induced and Aloe vera gel treated group, n = 8). To induce anaemia, Group B and Group C received intraperitoneal injection of PHZ at a dose of 0.5 ml/100 g body weight on days 1, 3, 5 and day 7. Moreover, the experimental group (Group C) received Aloe vera gel orally at a dose of 0.6 ml/kg body weight from Day 8 to Day 21. On day 22, rats were sacrificed to test their blood samples for haematologic variables (RBC count, Hb conc., and PCV) and haematological indices (MCV, MCH and MCHC). Result: All the haematological parameters and indices were almost similar among the study groups at baseline (on Day 1). On Day 8, rats of groups B and C demonstrated a drastically reduced count of RBC (2.66 ± 0.53 and 2.69 ± 0.52 million/μl respectively) compared to the rats of group A (8.16 ± 0.76 million/μl). On Day 22, the RBC count in rats of Group C staggeringly increased to 7.63 ± 0.64 million/μl; however, the RBC count in rats of Group B remained almost the same as was found on Day 8. A significant decrease in Hb conc. and PCV in PHZ-induced control on Day 8 compared to that on Day 1 was also observed. The mean MCV in all the study groups on Day 1 was around 50 fl, which abnormally increased to 85 and 87 fl in Groups B and C respectively on Day 8. On Day 22, Group B further exhibited an increase in MCV to > 87 fl. Meanwhile, the MCV in Group C (Aloe vera-treated group) favourably decreased to 55 fl. On the 8th Day of intervention, the MCH level significantly decreased in Groups B and C. Although no significant change in MCH was observed in Group B from Day 8 to Day 22, group C demonstrated a significant increase in the mean MCH to nearly 18 pg during the same period. The mean MCHC significantly dropped to < 23% in Groups B and C on Day 8 from the baseline figure of 34%. While no significant change in MCHC was evident in Group B from Day 8 to Day 22, it significantly improved to about 28% in Group C during the same period. Conclusion: From the study, it can be concluded that Aloe vera has significant erythropoietic potentials which result in the improvement of red blood cell parameters (RBC count, Hb conc., PCV, MCV, MCH and MCHC) in PHZ-induced anaemic rats. Ibrahim Card Med J 2023; 13 (1&2): 40-46

The effect of solarium light therapy on selected biological and biochemical parameters of peripheral blood in young and old horses.

The aim of the study was to assess the impact of solarium light therapy on selected biological and biochemical parameters of peripheral blood in recreational horses. The study involved 10 horses divided into two groups of young (aged 5 to 7 years) and old (aged 14 to 19 years) individuals. All animals participated in light therapy sessions every other day. Blood was sampled three times during the study: before the treatment, after five light sessions, and after ten light sessions. Morphological parameters, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, TAS values, and the levels of glutathione (GSH), vitamin D3, vitamin C, and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in the whole blood. Light therapy contributed to an increase in MCV, HDW, MCVr, CHr and MPV indices, and simultaneously a decrease in the basophil counts, MCHC, RDW and CHCMr indices in both groups of horses (p ≤ 0.05). At the same time reticulocytes fell in older whereas white blood cells and monocytes counts expanded in younger individuals. The treatment also increased the activity of glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in young but decreased the activity of mentioned enzymes in blood plasma of old horses. The total antioxidant status (TAS) of the blood plasma rose progressively, whereas GSH levels declined in all individuals. Moreover, vitamin D3 levels did not change, whereas vitamin C levels gradually decreased during the experiment. The therapy also helped to reduce levels of MDA in the blood plasma, especially of older horses (p ≤ 0.05). In turn, GPx and GR activities as well as MDA levels significantly declined, whereas GSH levels notably elevated in erythrocytes (p ≤ 0.05). Solarium light therapy appears to have a beneficial impact on the morphological parameters and antioxidant status of blood in recreational horses in the winter season. However, the observed results could in part be attributed to the natural physiological adaptation of each individual organism to the treatment.

Characterization Of Clinical, Heamogram, Leukogram Changes and Stress Indicator in LSD Infected Cows and OSD Infected Buffaloes in Egypt

The limited understanding of the infectious diseases induced stress impedes efforts to establish optimal treatment and control programs to maximize the animal health and production. This study was therefore conducted to characterize the clinical and hematological changes duringLumpy skin disease (LSD) and Oedematous skin disease (OSD) in cows and Egyptian buffaloes respectively. The study was conducted using convenience samples of 90 cows and 35 Egyptian buffaloes during outbreaks in Qalyubia governorate, Egypt. Clinical, bacteriological, and molecular diagnosis of the diseases were performed. Automatic-cell-counter was used for hemogram and leukogram. Serum cortisol concentration was measured using ELISA kits. The statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. The LSD infected cows showed marked decreases in RBCs count, Hb, HCT, WBCs, and lymphocytes, and significant increases in granulocytes, MCV, and MCH compared to the healthy animals. In OSD infected buffaloes, RBCs count, Hb, HCT, WBCs, lymphocytes, granulocytes, MCV, MCH, and MCHC were significantly decreased.Serum cortisol concentration was significantly increased in LSD infected cows and OSD infectedbuffaloes compared to healthy animals. We concluded that LSD and OSD causes injurious shifts in the hemogram, leukogram, and cortisol concentration that indicated deleterious impact on the animal health, production, and well-being.

Red Blood Cell Distribution Width, Erythrocyte Indices, and Elongation Index at Baseline in a Group of Trained Subjects.

Regular exercise elicits adaptive changes in several organs and physiological processes, including erythrocyte properties. In a group of 79 subjects (62 men and 17 women; mean age 31.37 ± 10.19 years) who trained several times a week as they practiced amateur sports, we evaluated the elongation index, markers of erythrocyte deformability, red blood cell distribution width (RDW), indicators of erythrocyte anisocytosis, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and the main erythrocyte indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC) in basal conditions. In comparison with a group of healthy, but not training, volunteers, the values of the elongation index, and not the RDW, are increased, and this datum is accompanied by an increase in MCV and MCHC, likely related to an increased presence of circulating young erythrocytes in training subjects. We also divided the same group according to the median of the VO2max, observing that the subgroup above the median shows both an increase in the elongation index values and a decrease in MCH and MCHC. In trained subjects, there is no correlation between the values of the elongation index and the RDW, while the interrelations among the elongation index, RDW, and main erythrocyte indices appear to be of particular interest and of a certain complexity.

Adding of Different Levels of Butyric Fatty Acid in the Diets of Common Carp Cyprinus carpio L. and its Effect on Productive, Physiological and Immunological Characteristics

The experiment was conducted for a period of 84 days in 12 plastic cages with a diameter of 50 cm and a depth of 65 cm in a cylindrical shape, in which 72 common carp Cyprinus carpio L. were randomly distributed, with an average weight of (25 ± 0.08) g/fish, on four experimental treatments, with three replications for each treatment and 6 fish. for each repeater. he fish were fed diets with a protein content of 29.14% and a total energy of 396.726 (Kcal/g). Butyric acid was added by spraying with a small sprinkler after mixing with 30 ml of distilled water for each kg of feed. The four addition ratios were B 0.00%, which was the control, B 0.05%, which was the first treatment, B 0.15%, which was the second treatment, and B 0.20%, It was the third treatment. The fish were fed three meals a day at a rate of 3% of body weight. The results of the statistical analysis showed that the treatment, B 0.15% was superior in all studied growth parameters, FW, WG, DGR, RGR, SGR, MGR, FI, FCR, FCE, and PER. Significantly (p≤0.05) was followed by the treatment B 0.05%, then the treatment B 0.20%. As for blood parameters, the treatment, B 0.15%, also excelled over the rest of the treatments, as it recorded an increase in RBC, Hp, PCV, MCV, MCH, and MCHC. Significantly (p≤0.05) was followed by treatment B 0.05%, then treatment B 0.20%. As for immunological criteria, B 0.15% excelled, followed by B 0.05%, as it excelled in WBC, TSP, and IGM. As for the hormonal aspects, the second treatment excelled in the standard of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyronine (T3) and thyroxin (T4), followed significantly by the first treatment and then the third treatment. In terms of liver enzymes, the results were within the normal range, although there were significant differences between the experimental treatments in the level of the studied enzymes, namely ALT, AST, and ALP. This indicates that there are no negative effects on fish with added concentrations of acid. It can be said that butyric acid can be used in diets of common carp fish due to its positive effect in many respects, especially in the growth and blood aspects.

Chia seeds and coenzyme Q10 alleviate iron overload induced hepatorenal toxicity in mice via iron chelation and oxidative stress modulation

Iron overload (IOL) can cause hepatorenal damage due to iron-mediated oxidative and mitochondrial damage. Remarkably, combining a natural iron chelator with an antioxidant can exert greater efficacy than monotherapy. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Chia and CoQ10 to chelate excess iron and prevent hepatorenal oxidative damage in IOL mice. Male Swiss albino mice (n = 49) were randomly assigned to seven groups: control, dietary Chia, CoQ10, IOL, IOL + Chia, IOL + CoQ10, and IOL + Chia + CoQ10. Computational chemistry indicates that the phytic acid found in the Chia seeds is stable, reactive, and able to bind to up to three iron ions (both Fe2+ and Fe3+). IOL induced a significant (P < 0.05) increase in serum iron, ferritin, transferrin, TIBC, TSI, RBCs, Hb, MCV, MCH, WBCs, AST, ALT, creatinine, and MDA. IOL causes a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in UIBC, platelets, and antioxidant molecules (GSH, SOD, CAT, and GR). Also, IOL elicits mitochondrial membrane change depolarization, and DNA fragmentation and suppresses mitochondrial DNA copies. Furthermore, substantial changes in hepatic and renal tissue, including hepatocellular necrosis and apoptosis, glomerular degeneration, glomerular basement membrane thickening, and tubular degeneration, were observed in the IOL group. Dietary Chia and CoQ10 induced significant (P < 0.05) amelioration in all the mentioned parameters. They can mostly repair the abnormal architecture of hepatic and renal tissues induced by IOL, as signified by normal sinusoids, normal central veins, and neither glomerular damage nor degenerated tubules. In conclusion, the combined treatment with Chia + CoQ10 exerts more pronounced efficacy than monotherapy in hepatorenal protection via chelating excess iron and improved cellular antioxidant status and hepatorenal mitochondrial function in IOL mice.

Characterization of inorganic and organic pollutants load in tannery wastewater: Biochemical and haematological induced changes in Swiss mice

The aim of the present study is to characterize the inorganic and organic contaminant loads in hazardous TWW and their effects on a number of biochemical and hematological changes in Swiss mice at four concentrations: C (control purified water), L(low 2.5 % TWW), M(medium 5.0 % TWW), and H(high 10 % TWW). Significant differences were observed in the chemical characteristics of TWW between the inlet and outlet of the common effluent treatment plant (CETP) in Unnao district, Uttar Pradesh, India. Physicochemical parameters such as EC, TDS, BOD, chloride, sulfate, hexavalent chromium and total nitrogen were many times higher than the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) limits, while other parameters such as phosphate (as P), F−, Fe, Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd and Co were within the limits. The TWW intake significantly increased Swiss mice's body weight with increasing the dose of TWW. Biochemical parameters, i.e., AST, ALT, AP, glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride increased significantly with increasing TWW dose, whereas serum creatinine and total albumin decreased, while no specific trend was observed for urea. haematological changes indicated that hemoglobin, RBC, blood platelets, and WBC like LYM, MON, and NEU decreased significantly with an increase in TWW dose, HCT, MCV, MCH and MCHC significantly decreased.

Correlation of Sysmex-XN9000 and CellaVision Advanced RBC software on anisocytosis

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study aims to evaluate the consistency of heterogeneity degree of erythrocyte volume parameters between the blood automated analyzer Sysmex-XN9000 and the advanced red blood cell software CellaVisionDI-60.Method500 blood samples of volunteers were analyzed by Sysmex-XN9000 and CellaVision-DI60. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, false positive rate, and false negative rate were evaluated. The consistency of all parameters was tested.ResultTaking the standard RBC group as the control group, the RBC parameters of the macrocytic and the microcytic group were compared. There was a statistical difference between the groups. ROC curve analysis showed that the best cutoff value of microcytic and of macrocytic affecting MCV were 4.1% and 5.7%, respectively. The best cutoff value of anisocytosis was 15.0%. The correlation coefficient between anisocytosis and red blood cell distribution width (RDW-CV) was 0.756. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and coincidence rate of anisocytosis were high. The false negative rate was 10.0%, and the false positive rate was 7.4%.ConclusionAll parameters of the degree of heterogeneity have good accuracy and consistency in the two instruments. Anisocytosis is with higher coincidence rate and positive predictive value. MIC and MAC have a good prediction on the increase or decrease of MCV. Although advanced RBC software's false negative and false positive rates are high, the red blood cell image system is more intuitive and time-saving in observing cells. Consequently, CellaVision-DI60 is suggested to combine with XN-9000 for judging the anisocytosis in daily work comprehensively.

EFFECT OF FOLIC ACID ON SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN FEMALE RABBITS TREATED WITH METHOTREXATE

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of folic acid (FA) on the hematological picture of female rabbits treated with methotrexate MTX. A total of twenty female rabbits were used in this study. They were at age 4-5 months. Their body weight ranged between 1-1,200 Kgm. All animals were kept under normal condition. its divided in to four groups and each group consist of five animals as follows ( Control group :5 rabbits were received distilled water, Folic acid group : 5 rabbits were received folic acid at 0.07mg/kg body weight daily, Methotrexate group : 5 rabbits were received methtrexate (0.03 mg/kg body weight ) three times a week , folic acid with Methotrexate group : 5 rabbits were received folic acid (0.07 mg/kg body weight) and methotrexate (0.03mg/kg body weight) three times a week. The drugs were given by intubation. The experiment was last for 9 weeks . Blood sample were collected after end of the experiment to study the following hematological parameters: RBCs count, Hb, PCV, RBCs indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC). The group treated with folic acid showed a significant increase P≤0.05 in RBCs count, Hb conc. and PCV% as compared with all other groups. The results of MTX group reveal a high significant decrease in their RBC count, Hb conc., PCV%. At the same time there is a significant increase in MCV, MCH and MCHC indices. The group of animals received FA with MTX showed a good prognosis with health improvement characterized by high significant changes in all studied parameters to return back to their normal values. It was concluded that folic acid is very important for erythropoiesis. MTX treatment induce megaloblastic anemia resulted from inhibition of DNA synthesis in RBCs mainly by folate deficiency. FA administration with MTX correct these changes and the animals return to normal conditions. More work is needed to study the effects of these drugs on other systems in the body.

Assessment of the Acute and Subacute Toxicity Profile of Diethylether Extract of Jatropha Tanjorensis leaf in Male Wistar Rats

The aim of study was to evaluate the acute and subacute toxicity of diethylether extract of Jatropha tanjorensis leaves in male Wistar rats. The acute toxicity study was conducted by placing Wistar albino rats into four groups of five rats each. These were sequentially dosed one at a time, using four graded doses of 1250, 2500, 3750 and 5000 mg/kg b.wt of the plant extract. Observations were made and recorded systematically daily for a seven days period for mortality, breathing and other behavioral changes after dose administration. For the sub-acute toxicity study, the animals were divided into ten groups of five rats each. Group 1 served as normal control and received distilled water for a 42 days period. Groups 2,3 and 4 received 167mg/kg b.wt of the plant extract for 14 days, 28 days and 42 days respectively. Groups 5, 6 and 7 received 250mg/kg b.wt of the plant extract for 14 days, 28 days and 42 days period respectively. Groups 8, 9 and 10 received 500mg/kg b.wt of the plant extract for 14, 28 and 42 days respectively. The animals were sacrificed at 14 days interval and the hematological and biochemical parameters were determined. There was a significant (p &lt;0.05) increase in RBC, Hb, HT, MCV and MCH and a decrease in WBC for 14, and 28 days treatment. There was significant increase in the levels of TP, ALB and a decrease in the levels of TBIL, ALP while ALT and AST remained unchanged. The serum markers of lipid profile, total–CHOL, LDL-CHOL, VLDL-CHOL and TG were significantly reduced and HDL-CHOL level was increased. The activities of the stress enzymes GPx, CAT and SOD were increased while the level of MDA was reduced. The K+ level was unchanged, Na+, Cl- and HCO3- levels increased while urea and creatinine levels were decreased. Jatropha tanjorensis diethylether extract elicited non toxic effect in the hematological and biochemical parameters. Thus, the extract can be considered safe for oral administration.

Study of refrigerated storage of blood at 4°C on automated hematological parameters &amp; morphological changes in peripheral blood smear: A prospective study

: Complete hemogram &amp; peripheral blood smear are primary tests done in day to day practice for correct diagnosis &amp; further treatment of patients. EDTA blood samples are used for this regular screening tests which shows less stability in case of delaying sampling. Hence, the final results of these tests can be affected by different storage conditions &amp; duration. This present study provides data analyzed from EDTA blood samples stored upto 24 hour at both room temperature &amp; 4°C refrigeration.This study includes total 150 blood samples from indoor &amp; outdoor patient without any specific criteria which were collected randomly. These blood samples were analyzed using haematological analyzer for complete blood count &amp; their peripheral smear after storage in both room temperature &amp; 4°C refrigeration for 24 hrs. There was significant increase in MCV &amp; decrease in MCHC, reduced WBC count &amp; platelet count with storage at room temperature which was prohibited by refrigeration. However, both room temperature &amp; refrigerated storage does not affect RBC count &amp; hemoglobin.Blood samples stored at room temperature for 24 hrs results in changes in haematological parameters &amp; morphology of cells. Hence, refrigerated storage at 4°C is recommended for accurate results in case evaluation of delayed samples.

The Effect Of Administration Of Ferous Sulfas On Iron Deficiency Anemia And Iron Deficiency Anemia With Stunting Aged 6 – 72 Months In Pandeglang, Banten And Its Review From Islamic View

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most significant factor indicating low public health. Iron deficiency can cause disturbances or obstacles to growth, so that is related to stunting. Giving iron preparations is one of the efforts to reduce the incidence of IDA. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the impact of iron supplementation on ADB and ADB with stunting aged 6-72 months. Al-Qur'an it emphasizes the importance to pay attention inhealth, one of themis by trying to seek treatment. This type of research uses a quasi-experimental method with a One-Group Pretest-Postest research design and taking samples with total sampling. The sample of this study was 30 toddlers aged 6-72 months in Kadugadung, Pandeglang, Banten.Based on the results of the study, after supplementation there was an increase in height (p &lt; 0.05), Hb, MCV, MCH and Ferritin values (p&gt; 0.05). However, MCHC levels did not show an increase (p&gt;0.05). Based on bivariate analysis using the chi-square on the relationship between ADB and stunting (p &gt; 0.05). Giving iron supplementation to children with ADB has a significant impact on Hemoglobin, MCV, MCH, Ferritin levels and stunting. However, there is no significant relationship between IDA and the incidence of stunting in children aged 6 - 72 months in Pandeglang, Banten. According to Islam, paying attention to health is one of the important things in maintaining benefit, one of them by consuming nutritious food as a iron supplementation in children with ADB and stunting.

Clinical, Hematological, and Biochemical Alterations Associated With Early and Late Infection of Lumpy Skin Disease in Cattle in Egypt

This study aimed to investigate clinical, hematological, and biochemical alterations associated with early (during the first week.) and late (after one month) of lumpy skin disease (LSD) infection in cattle infected during an outbreak of LSD in Egypt. Animals which were clinically examined directly after the clinical onset of LSD showed, firm elevated skin nodules that were distributed all over the body, fever (more than 40℃) associated with anorexia, general weakness, reduced milk yield, enlargement of superficial lymph nodes, and edema in the brisket and/or limbs. Examination of the affected animals one month after the disease onset revealed marked weight loss, shrunk of skin nodules and formation of sit fast. There were significant increases in body temperature, pulse and respiratory rate in all animals infected with LSD with significant decrease of ruminal movement compared to control group. DNA extracted from skin samples collected from LSD infected animals showed bands at the expected size (172 base pairs) by partial amplification of viral attachment protein using PCR. Reduced RBCS count, Hb content, HCT, and MCHC values with a significant increase in MCV in all LSD infected cows compared to the control group, while leukogram analysis revealed leucopenia and lymphopenia during the 1st week. Post-infection, however, one month post-infection revealed granulocytic leukocytosis. In addition, all LSD infected cows showed inflammatory thrombocytopenia. Animals during early LSD infection showed significant reduction in total protein, albumin, glucose and TAC and significant increase in ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, CPK, C-troponin-1, total and direct bilirubin, creatinine, K and MDA levels compared to the control group. While animals during late infection showed significant decrease in glucose, ALT, AST, LDH, CPK, C-troponin-1, direct bilirubin, K and MDA levels and significant increase in total protein, albumin and TAC compared to the early infection group. It can be concluded that, LSD infection in cattle revealed critical alterations in some hematological and serum biochemical parameters during both early and late stages of infection with negative impact on different organ functions including skin, muscle, liver, kidney and heart.

Acid-base and hematological regulation in chicken embryos during internal progressive hypercapnic hypoxia

Development of the capacity to mitigate potential disturbances to blood physiology in bird embryos is incompletely understood. We investigated regulation of acid-base and hematology in day 15 chicken embryos exposed to graded intrinsic hypercapnic hypoxia created by varying degrees of water submersion. Metabolic acidosis with additional respiratory or metabolic acidosis occurred at 2 h according to magnitude of submersion. Acid-base disturbance was partially compensated by metabolic alkalosis at 6 h, but compensatory metabolic alkalosis was absent at 24 h. Following submersion with only air cell exposed to air, both hypercapnic respiratory acidosis and metabolic acidosis occurred within 10 min. Subsequently, both forms of acidosis created lethal levels of [HCO3-] at ∼120 min. Blood hematology showed small but significant effects associated with induced acid-base disturbance. Increased Hct occurring during partial egg submersion lasting 24 h was attributed to an increase in MCV. By day 15 of development chicken embryos are able to partially compensate for and withstand all but severe induced internal hypoxic hypercapnia.

The moderating effect of Panax ginseng roots on the male reproductive system and heat shock protein 70 in heat-stressed Japanese quails

This research aims to investigate if ginseng may aid in the reduction of the harmful influence of heatstress on the male reproductive system and the level of heat shock protein70. Eighty mature quails were randomly distributed to four equal groups: the control one reared under normal temperature, the heat-stressed group reared under the temperature of 39±1°C for 4 hrs/day, the heat-stressed group treated with ginseng 500 mg/kg diet, and a group reared under normal temperature and treated with ginseng 500 mg/kg diet. The results showed a significant decrease in red blood cells, white blood cells, lymphocytes, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, total antioxidant capacity, body weight, testis weight, the total number of sperm, and percentage of living sperm, accompanied by a significant increase in MCV, MCHC, heterophil, H/L ratio, heat shock protein70, percentage of dead and malformed sperm in quails exposed to heat stress compared with control. Dietary supplementation of ginseng to birdsexposed to heat stress significantly increased the studiedparameters in comparison to the group under stress. While, the addition of the nutritional supplement ginseng alone led to a significant increase in RBC, Hb, PCV, MCV, TAC, low percentage of monocytes, H/L ratio, and heat shock protein70, compared to the control. We conclude that the administration of ginseng as a diet additive can ameliorate the effects caused by heat stress in quail, which is attributed to the antioxidant effect of Panax ginseng and its ability for scavenging free radicals.

Feasibility of a mean platelet volume standard: an international council for standardization in hematology (ICSH) inter-laboratory study

We have evaluated a commercial-fixed porcine platelet preparation (with and without added fixed human red blood cells (RBC)) for the potential standardization of mean platelet volume (MPV) measurements. The standards (Biotechne) were distributed internationally to 19 laboratories including all major hematology instrument manufacturers and academic/pathology laboratories. Overall, the standards demonstrated excellent stability up to 1 month within both MPV values and platelet counts when stored at 4°C. The presence of RBC significantly increased the platelet count and MPV values compared to platelets alone. However, as expected, there were differences in MPV values between different instruments and manufacturers. MPV values were also significantly higher in the whole blood standard compared to the platelet standard in the majority of instruments except with some instruments, where MPV values were significantly higher in the platelet only preparation. To further investigate this phenomenon, two different Platelet MPV preparations (with low and high MPV) in combination with 3 different RBC MCV preparations (with low, normal or high MCVs) were tested to try and further elucidate how RBC populations may impact upon platelet analysis (count, MPV, and PDW) using a single impedance analyzer. Both MPV and MCV values showed good stability over the course of the study for up to 50 days. As expected, the RBC preparation with the lowest MCV had the greatest impact on the MPV. However, this was not observed with an increase in MCV of the RBC or by a larger MPV of the platelet population. To further understand how different gating strategies may also influence results, we investigated the effect of either fixed or floating gate strategies upon MPV raw data from patient samples in a single impedance analyzer. Overall, it was clear that floating and fixed gate strategies also significantly impact upon MPV values. In conclusion, we have demonstrated the potential of an MPV standard with good stability characteristics for calibrating and comparing full blood counters that use different analysis principles, gating and MPV calculations. This may facilitate future instrument calibration and harmonization of results between different technologies.

Evaluation of Biochemical, Hematological and Oxidative Parameters in Mice Exposed To the Binapacryl

We evaluated the toxicity of hepatic, hematological, and oxidative effects of binapacryl on female albino mice. The animals were treated orally with 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/kg body weight of the binapacryl, on a daily basis for a period of 15 days. Distilled water was used as control treatment. Samples of blood and hepatic tissue were collected at the end of the treatment. Hepatotoxicity was monitored by quantitative analysis of the serum enzymes ALT, AST, γ-GT, urea and creatinine. We also investigated liver tissues histopathologically. Alterations of hematological parameters were monitored by RBC, WBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, MCH, and MCHC. Significant increases in the levels of hepatic enzymes (ALT, AST, and γ-GT) were observed for both binapacryl treatments, but no considerable differences were found by histological analysis. The hematological parameters showed significant alterations (200mg/kg body weight) with reductions of RBC, hematocrit, and hemoglobin, together with a significant increase of MCV. There was an important increase in lipid peroxidation at both dosage levels, together with an NPSH decrease in the hepatic tissue, and significant changes in these parameters were observed only at the higher dose rate. The results of this study indicate that binapacryl can promote hematological and hepatic alterations, even at subacute exposure, which could be related to the induction of reactive oxygen species.

Sub-lethal effect of Round-up (a glyphosate-based herbicide) on juve-niles of African cat fish (Clarias gariepinus)

Herbicides have, no doubt, increased crop yields by killing different types of weeds, however, rainfall and irrigation can wash herbicides from sites of application into the water system. Fish has an important role in the food chain; therefore, investigation of the effects of Round-up on fish has a diag-nostic significance in evaluation of adverse effect of herbicides to human health. The sub-lethal effects of Round-up herbicide on juveniles of an Afri-can catfish Clarias gariepinus was investigated under laboratory conditions. The herbicide caused mortality of fish in a concentration dependent manner for the duration of exposure to acute concentrations (LC5O) of the herbicides for 96hrs.The lethal concentration (LC5O) value of glyphosate was gotten to be 0.560mg/1 for 96hr of exposure using Probit analysis. For the sub-lethal assay, standard haematological procedures were adopted to evaluate the blood parameters. There was significant reduction (p&lt;0.05) in WBC, HGC, RBC, Lymphocyte and Monocyte in order of concentrations with respect to the control. There was also a significance increase (P&lt;0.05) in MCV, MCH, MCHC and Platelet in order of concentration with respect to the control. The results of the biochemical properties showed that the level of total protein, glucose and total cholesterol were elevated with increase in concentration on exposure period of 8weeks compared to the control experiment(P&lt;0.05). This clearly shows that the values were dose-dependent. The result from this study shows that Round-up has a toxic effect on C. gariepinus. This toxicity can end up in humans through the food chain.

English

Croton gratissimus Burch. and Schrankia leptocarpa DC. are two plants from the Beninese flora which are traditionally used for the treatment of arterial hypertension. The present study investigated the acute toxicity of ethanolic extracts of these plants. The experiment was conducted according to OECD guideline 423 categories 5 using a single dose of 5000mg/kg of the extracts. The average lethal doses (LD50) of the extracts are higher than 5000 mg/kg body weight.&nbsp; The oral administration of C. gratissimus and Schrankia leptocarpa extracts to the rats of all groups provoked a significant decrease in the plasma levels of AST (P &lt; 0.05) compared to the control batch between day 1 and day 14.&nbsp; There was no significant alteration in the creatinine levels in the all treated groups.&nbsp; The authors results showed that acute treatments with C. gratissimus and Schrankia leptocarpa extracts significantly (p&lt;0.05) elevated serum total protein.&nbsp; However, the administration of the Schrankia leptocarpa extract to rats resulted in a statistically significant decrease (p&lt; 0.05) in WBCs, GRA in the different batches between day 1 and day 14. The Schrankia leptocarpa extract caused a significant increase (p&lt; 0.05) in MCV, in haematocrit, in blood platelets between day 1 and day 14. The C. gratissimus extract caused a significant increase (p&lt;0.05) in blood platelets, in neutrophil in the different batches between day 1 and day 14. It appears that the extracts can be used therapeutically and that C. gratissimus may have hepatoprotective and immunostimulatory effects. Finally, Schrankia leptocarpa in addition to an immunostimulant effect could prevent microcytic anaemia. Key words: Croton gratissimus, Schrankia leptocarpa, acute toxicity, lethal doses.