Characterization of inorganic and organic pollutants load in tannery wastewater: Biochemical and haematological induced changes in Swiss mice

Abstract

The aim of the present study is to characterize the inorganic and organic contaminant loads in hazardous TWW and their effects on a number of biochemical and hematological changes in Swiss mice at four concentrations: C (control purified water), L(low 2.5 % TWW), M(medium 5.0 % TWW), and H(high 10 % TWW). Significant differences were observed in the chemical characteristics of TWW between the inlet and outlet of the common effluent treatment plant (CETP) in Unnao district, Uttar Pradesh, India. Physicochemical parameters such as EC, TDS, BOD, chloride, sulfate, hexavalent chromium and total nitrogen were many times higher than the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) limits, while other parameters such as phosphate (as P), F−, Fe, Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd and Co were within the limits. The TWW intake significantly increased Swiss mice's body weight with increasing the dose of TWW. Biochemical parameters, i.e., AST, ALT, AP, glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride increased significantly with increasing TWW dose, whereas serum creatinine and total albumin decreased, while no specific trend was observed for urea. haematological changes indicated that hemoglobin, RBC, blood platelets, and WBC like LYM, MON, and NEU decreased significantly with an increase in TWW dose, HCT, MCV, MCH and MCHC significantly decreased.