Increase In Heat Transfer Rate Research Articles

Exploring Natural Convection and Entropy Generation in a Closed Water Tank Utilizing Nanofluid: a Computational Study

Theoretical framework: This study presents a comprehensive investigation into three-dimensional natural convection within a confined cavity filled with an alumina-water nanofluid. Objective: Utilizing numerical simulations, we explore the influence of nanoparticles' volume fraction and Rayleigh number () on entropy generation, heat transfer efficiency, and fluid behavior within the water tank. Method: The study delves into the conservation equations governing mass, momentum, and energy within the context of three-dimensional laminar natural convection. It focuses on steady, incompressible flow, employing the Boussinesq approximation to account for variations in fluid density due to temperature gradients. Results and conclusion: Our findings indicate that increasing Rayleigh numbers lead to heightened entropy generation, with values ranging from to, primarily driven by intensified buoyant flow. However, the presence of nanoparticles significantly mitigates entropy generation, enhancing the overall thermal performance of the system. Moreover, nanofluids demonstrate superior heat transfer capabilities compared to pure fluids, with higher nanoparticle concentrations resulting in increased heat transfer rates, ranging from to alumina. Research implications: As a result of such thorough research, qualitative examinations of velocity fields and entropy generation patterns further highlight the role of nanofluids in improving heat transfer efficiency while reducing irreversible processes within the cavity.

A Multi-Sized Unit Cell Method for the Design of LPBF Lattice Support Structures Concerning Complex Geometries

Abstract Composed of individual unit cells strategically arranged to achieve a desired function, lattices are a promising solution for laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) support structure design in additive manufacturing. Despite their many advantages (e.g., multifunctionality and reduced material cost), prior work in lattice support structure design primarily focuses on horizontal support domains that are not translatable to support domains for complex geometries, thereby limiting their application. This work introduces a multi-sized unit cell design optimization (MSO) method to create lattice support structures (LSS) for parts with complex geometries. The proposed method utilizes voxelization to generate LSS using box-like unit cells of different sizes. It also allows for efficient, high-dimensional design optimization for the types and locations of user-specified unit cells through a modified simulated annealing-based optimization algorithm. The effectiveness and efficiency of the MSO method are demonstrated through the case study of an adapter pipe for a high-temperature heat exchanger. For this demonstration, LSS using multi-sized unit cells are designed to increase heat transfer rate while satisfying structural integrity and material cost constraints. The case study results indicate that the design of the LSS derived from the MSO method fulfills all constraints, including the design constraint of 50% material cost reduction, compared to the solid support structure. In contrast, the lattice support structure designs derived from equal-sized unit cell methods either cannot satisfy all design constraints or have a lower heat transfer rate than the design of the MSO method.

Experimental analysis of W/EG based Al2O3-MWCNT non-Newtonian hybrid nanofluid by employing helical tape inserts inside a corrugated tube

Experimental analyses have been undertaken on friction factors and convective heat transfer using a helically corrugated tube (HCT) equipped with inserts, under laminar flow conditions. Water-ethylene glycol mixture with Al2O3-MWCNT hybrid nanofluids has been employed. The investigation focused on examining the synergistic effects of hybrid nanofluids, triangularly helical tape (THT) inserts and helical corrugation within the tubes on the friction factor, Nusselt number, and thermal performance factor (TPF). The fluid displayed non-Newtonian behaviour at volume fractions greater than 0.1 %. The study indicated that augmenting the concentration of Al2O3-MWCNT in the hybrid nanofluid and decreasing the helix ratio of the THT inserts led to increased heat transfer rates and TPF. The peak TPF of 2.31 was recorded when using the W/EG based Al2O3-MWCNT hybrid nanofluid with a 1 % volume fraction in an HCT equipped with THT inserts with a helix ratio of 2 at a Reynolds number of 2000. Moreover, Al2O3-MWCNT exhibits an average Nusselt number of 42.5 %, 49.47 %, and 56.2 % higher than the base fluid at φ = 0.1 %, 0.5 %, and 1 %, respectively.

Flow and heat transfer of non-miscible micropolar and Newtonian fluid in porous channel sandwiched between parallel plates

An analytical approach has been considered to inspect the flow and heat transfer of immiscible Newtonian and micropolar fluid in a porous medium. This study aims to elucidate the Darcy effect on the model in which isotropic porous regions with different permeability are used. The model of the current problem explains that the flow region is divided into two regions: Newtonian fluid flows in the upper layer, and micropolar fluid flows in the lower layer. Different constant temperatures imposed at boundary walls, heat transfer does not affect the pressure gradient. The governing equations are solved analytically by applying a linear differential equation (LDE). The effect of associated physical parameters such as material parameter, Darcy number, Eckert number, Prandtl number, and viscosity ratio on velocity, micro-rotation, heat transfer, flow rate, heat transfer rate, wall shear stress, and Nusselt number have been inspected. The most significant finding of this research work is that increasing the Darcy number signifies enhanced permeability, resulting in a higher flow rate. The heat transfer rate at the top occurs maximum when the material parameter’s range is minimum while raising the viscosity ratio leads to an increasing heat transfer rate at the bottom. Enhancement in material parameter influences Nusselt number and decreases in nature. The findings of our study are verified with the previously established results. The present work has a setup that is useful in petroleum extraction, transport problems in reservoir rock of an oil field, improving nutrient transport and thermal regulation in tissue engineering, and designing more efficient drug delivery systems and biomedical devices.

Comparative analysis of varied thermal conductivity and viscosity models in a hybrid nanofluid flow - a non-similar solution

ABSTRACT We aim to investigate the flow of an ethylene glycol-based hybrid nanofluid over a horizontal surface with a free stream velocity. To assess the viscosity and thermal conductivity of nanoparticles with various shapes, we employed the Brinkman, Timofeeva, and Yamada Ota unit cell models. The study explores heat transfer in the flow system considering the effects of viscous and ohmic dissipations, linear radiative heat flux, and heat generation under convective boundary conditions. A non-similar system is developed using appropriate non-similarity transformations up to the third-level truncation and numerically solved using the bvp4c algorithm. The novelty of the proposed model lies in obtaining the non-similar solution and incorporating the Brinkman, Timofeeva, and Yamada Ota unit cell models. The results indicated that the Brinkman viscosity model resulted in an increase in the wall heat transfer rate with a rise in particle volume fraction. It is also inferred that platelet-shaped nanoparticles exhibit a significantly higher heat transfer rate compared to spherical-shaped nanoparticles.

Entropy optimization in ternary hybrid nanofluid flow over a convectively heated bidirectional stretching sheet with Lorentz forces and viscous dissipation: A Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model

Bidirectional stretching sheet models can represent surfaces in heat exchangers where fluids flow under continuous deformation. Ternary hybrid nanofluids could be employed in these systems to increase heat transfer rates between fluids in heat exchangers and improve the efficiency of energy conversion processes. In this work, we explore the novel application of a ternary hybrid nanofluid (water with titanium dioxide, cobalt ferrite, and magnesium oxide nanoparticles) for enhanced heat transfer in heat exchangers modeled by a bidirectional stretching sheet. This approach offers a potential advancement over traditional nanofluids (with one or two nanoparticles). Furthermore, we present a comprehensive analysis that incorporates ohmic heating, Cattaneo–Christov heat flux, thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, and irreversibility. The governing equations are transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations using appropriate similarity transformations and then solved using the bvp4c solver, a MATLAB built-in function. This study's findings reveal that the Eckert number and radiation parameter increase fluid temperature, while the thermal relaxation parameter leads to a reduction in the temperature of the fluid. It is detected that an increase in magnetic field parameter and volume fraction of [Formula: see text] results in a decline of the skin friction factors in both directions. It is revealed that there is a reduction in the Nusselt number with the rise in Eckert number ([Formula: see text]), and the same number declines at a rate of 0.8252 when [Formula: see text]. It is noticed that the skin friction coefficient declines at a rate of 0.62179204 (in case of x-direction) and 0.621791816 (in case of y-direction), respectively, when the values of magnetic field parameter lie between 0 and 3.5. Furthermore, it is noticed that an upsurge in thermal relaxation parameter results in a fall in the temperature of the fluid.

MHD-driven thermal dynamics of bionanofluid flow on stretching porous media and the critical impact of multiple slip effects

Incorporating slip conditions into computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and experiments helps engineers predict and improve the effectiveness of superhydrophobic surfaces in reducing drag. This optimization approach leads to significant enhancements in fuel efficiency and performance across a range of fluid-flow systems, including marine vessels and aircraft. This study models the phenomena of velocity and temperature slip, coupled with MHD, within the context of nanofluid flow undergoing bioconvection over a stretching sheet. Subsequently, the study seeks to analyze the resulting effects on heat and mass kinematics. The bvp4c solver effectively calculates analytical solutions for the reduced problem obtained through similarity transformation from the underlying partial differential equations. Velocity and temperature slip both impact temperature, with velocity slip increasing heat transfer rates and temperature slip decreasing them. The thermal radiation parameter enhances nanoparticle concentration, although it’s offset by an increased Lewis number. Brownian motion amplifies mass transfer, but the thermal radiation parameter hampers it. The escalation in the microorganism density profile correlates with the increase in both the Bioconvection Lewis number and the Peclet number. Likewise, as thermophoresis parameters and the bioconvection constant increase, the microorganism density along the profile also rises.

Effect of using a ZnO-TiO2/water hybrid nanofluid on heat transfer performance and pressure drop in a flat tube with louvered finned heat exchanger

This study used an experimental setup consisting of a flat tube with a louvered finned crossflow configuration to examine the effects of utilizing a ZnO-TiO2-water hybrid nanofluid on heat transfer rate, heat transfer coefficient, Nusselt number, and pressure drop. The studies were carried out under laminar flow conditions (200 < Re < 800), at four different temperatures (50, 60, 70, 80 °C), four different volume concentrations of nanoparticles (0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2%), and three different volume flow rates (4, 6, 8 LPM). The findings were compared with pure water (0%). The results indicate that using hybrid nanofluid improves the heat transfer performance and increases pressure loss in comparison with pure water. When comparing hybrid nanofluid to pure water, the largest increases in heat transfer rate, heat transfer coefficient, Nusselt number, and pressure drop were 87.8%, 21.7%, 26.4%, and 10%, respectively. In addition, it was found that, up to a specific value (0.05%), increasing the nanoparticle volume concentration enhanced the heat transfer rate, heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number, but which began to decrease on increasing the concentration past this value. Therefore, it was concluded that nanoparticle volume concentrations greater than 0.05% negatively affect heat transfer under the current operating conditions. The maximum heat transfer rate, heat transfer coefficient, and Nusselt number were obtained under the conditions of an 8 LPM volume flow rate, 80 °C inlet temperature, and 0.05% volume concentration.

Enhancing thermal performance: Utilizing carbon nanoparticles from tobacco waste butts in evacuated tube collectors

Sustainable Energy device's efficiency enhancement by utilizing the waste of tobacco is focused on this research. The carbon nanoparticles derived from the waste of tobacco through a novel approach. The produced Carbon nanoparticles were used to improve the efficiency of sustainable solar collectors in the form of nanofluid. When it comes to improving thermal performance, using nanofluids in evacuated tube collectors (ETSC) is the best option because of the improved thermo-physical characteristics of the working fluid. In this investigation, Syltherm oil was preferred for base fluid to prepare nanofluids with the concentrations of Carbon nanoparticles 0.05 vol%, 0.1 vol%, and 0.2 vol%. Additionally, a spiral coil heat exchanger was introduced to facilitate heat transfer between the nanofluid and water for heating applications. Results indicate that Syltherm/0.2 % carbon nanofluid exhibits higher thermal performance compared to neat Syltherm oil and other nanofluids. Notably, Syltherm/0.2 % carbon nanofluid demonstrated an average peak heat acquisition of 769.1 W and the lowest heat loss of 156.7 W. Furthermore, the thermal and exergy efficiencies are measured at 68.2 % and 42.5 %, respectively. These findings suggested that higher concentrations of carbon nanoparticles lead to increased heat transfer rate and improved efficiency compared to low-concentrated Nanofluids in the ETSC system.

Impact of variation in gap spacing and orientation of split baffles on thermodynamics optimization in naturally convective flow in corrugated enclosure

The fundamental aim of this research work is to examine the effect of heated split baffles and the influence of different corrugation frequencies on steady-state natural convection within a sinusoidal corrugated square cavity. The configuration of the present model maintains a constant temperature of T c for the horizontal wavy boundaries and vertical walls while the inner split baffles are heated at a constant temperature of T h . The finite element method is applied to the discretized equations representing the fluid behavior within the enclosure, with the aim to investigate the inclination angles, variation of space between the baffles, corrugation frequencies, and the impact of Rayleigh number on the fluid motion and heat transfer. The variation in velocity and temperature profile is illustrated through the streamlines and isotherm contours. Moreover, the numerical results are carried out in terms of local and average Nusselt numbers of the heat transfer, which are analyzed for inside space of baffles and line dip-angles of the baffle ( θ = 0 ° , 45 ° , 90 ° ) , and ( φ = 0 ° , 30 ° , 60 ° , 90 ° ) . The key findings indicate that increasing the space l s between the baffles enhanced the convective heat transfer by 8.5 % , moreover, elevating the baffle angle to right angle ( θ = 90 ° ) amplify the heat transfer rate increase by 19.17 % . The augmentation in corrugation frequency leads 7.15 % reduction in heat transfer efficiency. The comparison of the present numerical simulations revealing a satisfactory and reliable match with the literature precedents.

A statistical model on heat transportation of hybrid magnetic nanoparticles with slip constraints on a heated shrinking sensor device using analysis of variance: Sensitivity analysis

A statistical model finds application across various engineering and scientific contexts, aiding in the analysis and enhancement of heat transfer processes. Its utility extends to supporting scientists and engineers in gaining deeper insights into the impact of diverse factors on heat transfer and optimizing procedures for enhanced efficiency. Notably, the heat transfer efficiency of hybrid nanofluids containing ferromagnetic nanoparticles outperforms that of conventional fluids. In this study, a statistical model is utilized to predict the increased heat transfer rate in a heated shrinking sensor employing hybrid magnetic nanoparticles with slip restrictions. Incorporating radiative heat flux and heat source/sink components contributes novelty to the study. The model is converted into a non-dimensional form using appropriate similarity rules, and the resulting problem is solved computationally using bvp5c, a built-in function in MATLAB. Using advanced mathematical modeling and simulations, this research evaluates system performance in various scenarios and identifies optimal conditions for maximizing heat transfer rates. The study's main outcomes are; that including the thermal radiation and Prandtl number enhances the heat transfer rate, whereas the heat source decreases it. Further, the increased modified Hartmann number and suction parameter raise the shear rate coefficient.

Numerical Study of Natural Convective Flow of a Nanofluid Over Rotating Truncated Cone with Convective Heating

In this paper, we consider the natural convection flow of a nanofluid simultaneously heat and mass transfer over a truncated rotating porous cone with convective boundary condition. Buongiorno’s model is used to describe the present nanofluid flow problem which is represented by Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects. Governing set of nonlinear boundary layer equations for the nanofluid over a rotating truncated cone is converted into a set of non-similar forms through non-similarity transformations. The obtained reduced nonlinear PDE system is linearized locally and solved via an accurate Chebyshev Spectral Collocation Method. The accuracy of the obtained numerical solutions is tested against existing results in the literature for specific cases and demonstrates good agreement. In addition, the impacts of active parameters such as the rotational parameter (0 ≤ χ ≤ 3), Biot number (0.1 ≤ Bi ≤ 1), and suction/injection parameter (−0.5 ≤ fw ≤ 0.5) on velocities, temperature, and nanoparticle volume fraction profiles along with heat and mass transfer rates are examined. It is found that the local surface drag and heat transfer rate increase, and the nanoparticle mass transfer rate decreases, with the increase in both the spinning parameter and Biot number.

Optimal design on fin-metal foam hybrid structure for melting and solidification phase change storage: An experimental and numerical study

A fin-metal foam composite structure is employed in the phase change energy storage coupled Organic Rankine Cycle system to enhance thermal performance. The 3-D numerical model is validated through an experimental system to analyze the impact of metal foam parameters and fluctuating heat source parameters (amplitude and half-period) on the system's storage-release process during heat source fluctuation. According to the Taguchi method, metal foam porosity significantly influences the total storage-release time. An increase in porosity leads to a continuous increase in the total storage-release time, while an increase in PPI and a decrease in heat source amplitude initially increase and then decrease the total storage-release time. Under constant metal foam PPI (10) and porosity (0.97), Case T (half period = 60 and amplitude = 1.0) demonstrates a 2.04 % increase in average heat transfer rate and a 1.78 % reduction in total storage-release time compared to Case 0 (constant heat source). The average heat release rate sees a 4.23 % increase, while total heat storage and heat release rise by 0.96 % and 1.87 %. The research has specific technical significance for the photothermal application of phase change energy storage technology to the variability and unpredictability of solar energy.

Influence of porosity properties on natural convection heat transfer in porous square cavity

A numerical investigation was conducted to examine free convection heat transfer within a square cavity containing a fluid-saturated porous layer at the bottom under laminar flow conditions. The enclosure's left and right walls experienced heating and cooling, while the top and bottom walls remained adiabatic. The study explored the influence of the Darcy number, porosity number, and dimensionless thickness of the porous layer on heat transmission. This investigation utilized a FORTRAN computation program alongside the finite volume method, effectively solving the equations governing flow and heat exchange within porous materials through natural convection. The flow pattern is determined by the Navier–Stokes equations in the fluid region and the Darcy–Brinkman–Forchheimer formula in the porous region. The energy equation was employed to compute the thermal field. The increase in the Darcy number results in both an increase in heat transfer rate due to enhanced fluid flow through pores and an intensification of fluid flow patterns. Higher porosity leads to higher heat transfer rates due to greater fluid penetration and an increased surface area for heat exchange. The thicker porous layer reduces heat transfer rate due to increased resistance to fluid flow and decreased contact area.

Exploring the combined influence of primary and secondary vortex flows on heat transfer enhancement and friction factor in a dimpled configuration twisted tape with double pipe heat exchanger using SiO2 nano fluid

The double-pipe heat exchanger has a wider application in food industries, chemical industries, and a wide variety of fields where heat transmission is necessary. This investigation focuses on optimizing heat transfer rates through active, passive, and combined approaches. Within the realm of passive methods, this study specifically examines the use of twisted tape additions in pipe flow. In this study, different factors like swirl flow, primary and secondary vortex flows caused by tape twist, and the presence of a V-cut on the tape are studied. These factors include heat transfer rate, friction factor, and the standard for judging the performance of a V-cut on the tape insert. Experiments have been conducted on a double-pipe heat exchanger with nanofluid silicon dioxide as the working medium. This study encompasses a Reynolds number range of 6000–14,000. Notably, investigations reveal that the introduction of a v-cut on the tape engenders a secondary vortex flow. The enhancement in the Nusselt number at the higher Reynolds number for the primary vortex was observed ineffective as the depth of cut increases. The friction factor is increased by 6.37 times for the e/c ratio, which equals 0.17 (tooth to the depth of the v cut) in comparison to smooth pipe, while the increase in heat transfer rate for the same is 87.73% for Re = 6000.

Computational study of Jeffrey Hybrid nanofluid flow over on a non-uniformly heated permeable exponentially stretching surface with Arrhenius activation energy and inclined magnetic field

This study delves into the intricate dynamics of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow, investigating the behaviour of a TiO2–Cu/H2O Jeffrey hybrid nanofluid cascading over a porous exponentially stretching surface. Employing MATLAB's bvp4c solver, we address a complex interplay of factors including aligned magnetic fields, radiation effects, non-uniform thermal fluxes, and the influence of Arrhenius activation energy. Our findings reveal a nuanced landscape wherein heightened Jeffrey fluid parameters amplify thermal and concentration gradients, yet diminish heat and mass transfer rates. Interestingly, variations in the Deborah number yield subtle effects, enhancing thermal and concentration profiles while moderating transfer rates. Augmented magnetic and porosity parameters deepen profiles but reduce velocity and transfer rates. Notably, magnetic field alignment reduces velocity while accentuating thermal and concentration gradients. Furthermore, non-uniform thermal fluxes elevate temperatures but restrain heat transfer rates. Activation energy augments concentration profiles distinctly from chemical reaction parameters. The comparison of Jeffrey hybrid nanofluid and its conventional counterpart reveals intriguing disparities: the former exhibits a notable 30 % increase in absolute skin friction while increasing heat transfer rate by 4.5 %. These insights underscore the pragmatic significance of our model for precise prognostication and evaluation across various applications.

Asymmetric Two-Step Thermosiphon for Containment Cooling of Small Modular Reactors

A thermosiphon is a heat transfer device that utilizes the phase change of a liquid and has a single closed-loop shape in a gravity-dominant field. This can be expressed as a single-step thermosiphon because boiling and condensation occur once per cycle. In contrast, the multistep thermosiphon, introduced for the first time in the field of thermal engineering in this study, is a new heat transfer mechanism in which boiling and condensation occur several times per cycle in a single loop with multiple channels. The new mechanism has a superior heat transfer rate compared to the existing single-step thermosiphon, and the operating pressure of the loop can be lowered. However, as the heat transfer rate increases, the circulation flow in the channel tends to pulsate. This thermohydraulic characteristic was confirmed through theoretical and computational analyses of a two-step thermosiphon. In this study, an improved concept of an asymmetric two-step thermosiphon was developed that can be applied to heat exchanger design by eliminating pulsating flow while maintaining the advantages of a two-step thermosiphon. The newly proposed heat transfer mechanism, termed the multistep thermosiphon, can be effectively used in the design of heat exchangers in industrial fields. In particular, if the asymmetric two-step thermosiphon is applied to the design of small nuclear reactor containments currently being developed in several countries, there are several advantages associated with the reduction of the containment volume and design pressure.

Numerical simulation for radiative hybrid nanofluid (TiO2+Fe3O4∕H2O) flow due to a non-uniform stretching sheet with variable permeability

Variable permeability plays a crucial role in various manufacturing and technical applications such as fixed-bed catalytic reactors, heat exchangers, and dying, among others. The primary focus of this paper is to investigate the impacts of variable permeability on hybrid nanofluid (HNF) flow due to nonlinear sheet stretching with thermal heat flux. The HNF is made up of a mixer of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] nanoparticles and water serving as the base fluid. Using efficient similarity transformations, the flow-governing equations are converted into a set of ordinary differential equations, and the resulting system is computationally solved by using the MATLAB program (bvp4c). The impact of various physical variables on the fluid velocity and heat transfer characteristics is analyzed via graphs. It is found that as the permeability parameter rises, the velocity of the HNF diminishes while the temperature amplifies. The drag force coefficient declines with an intensification of the volume fraction of the [Formula: see text] nanoparticles. The HNF [Formula: see text] exhibits 0.45–0.75% increase in heat transfer rate when compared to a nanofluid [Formula: see text] for different values of heat source parameter. The current investigation is compared to the existing literature, revealing a good level of agreement.

Importance of Reflected Solar Energy Loaded with SWCNTs-MWCNTs/EG Darcy Porous Stretched Surface: Midrich Scheme

Saving energy, shortening processing times, maximizing thermal efficiency, and lengthening the life of industrial equipment are all possible outcomes of heating and cooling optimization. In recent years, there has been a rise in interest regarding the development of high-efficiency thermal systems for the purpose of enhancing heat and mass movement. This study presents an investigation on the non-linear flow of a hybrid nanofluid comprising of Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) and Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs) over an extended surface, considering the effects of Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and porosity, with engine oil serving as the base fluid. Also, radiation and Darcy-Forchheimer flow is considered. The problem of regulating flow is transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by employing similarity variables. The Midrich Scheme is then used to implement a numerical solution to these equations in the program Maple. Through visual representations of fluid velocities and temperatures, the inquiry addresses several important factors, including magnetic parameters, porosity parameters, radiation parameters, Eckert numbers, inertia coefficients, and Biot numbers. The research has important implications in a number of real-world contexts. Due to its exceptional characteristics, such as reduced erosion, reduced compression drops difficulties, and greatly increased heat transfer rates, hybrid nanofluids are frequently used in heat exchangers. For instance, various cooling devices such as electromagnetic cooling systems, as well as heat exchangers including condensers, boilers, chillers, air conditioners, evaporators, coil preheaters, and radiators. Furthermore, it has the potential to be employed in pharmaceutical businesses and the field of biomedical nanoscience.

Intelligent prediction of non-Newtonian hybrid nanoparticle-enhanced fluid flow and heat transfer behaviours in a trapezoidal enclosure: Integrated simulation approach

This study investigates the utilization of a trapezoidal cavity with a corrugated bottom wall containing a Carreau hybrid nanofluid composed of water, aluminum, and copper nanoparticles. A heated, rotating cylinder is placed at the center of the enclosure in the presence of an external magnetic field. The impact of Forchheimer and Brinkman porous medium models on the hybrid nanofluid is examined. Three different inlet–outlet placement configurations are considered to investigate their influence on heat transfer. The governing equations for fluid flow and heat transfer are solved numerically. Through simulations, a range of flow-controlling variables is systematically adjusted, including the Darcy number, Reynolds number, Hartmann number, nanoparticle volume fraction, undulation on the hot bottom wall, power law index, and rotational speed of the inner heated cylinder. The results demonstrate that the hybrid nanofluid and rotating cylinder significantly enhance heat transfer within the trapezoidal cavity. Higher values of the Darcy number, Reynolds number, and nanoparticle volume fraction lead to increased heat transfer rates. The placement configuration of the inlet and outlet ports also affects heat transfer performance, with the bottom-top configuration yielding the best results. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of flow profiles and heat distribution is conducted using the multiple expression programing technique. The proposed model accurately predicts the flow and heat transfer characteristics in the trapezoidal cavity, as validated through comparison with provided data sets.