Computational study of Jeffrey Hybrid nanofluid flow over on a non-uniformly heated permeable exponentially stretching surface with Arrhenius activation energy and inclined magnetic field

Abstract

This study delves into the intricate dynamics of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow, investigating the behaviour of a TiO2–Cu/H2O Jeffrey hybrid nanofluid cascading over a porous exponentially stretching surface. Employing MATLAB's bvp4c solver, we address a complex interplay of factors including aligned magnetic fields, radiation effects, non-uniform thermal fluxes, and the influence of Arrhenius activation energy. Our findings reveal a nuanced landscape wherein heightened Jeffrey fluid parameters amplify thermal and concentration gradients, yet diminish heat and mass transfer rates. Interestingly, variations in the Deborah number yield subtle effects, enhancing thermal and concentration profiles while moderating transfer rates. Augmented magnetic and porosity parameters deepen profiles but reduce velocity and transfer rates. Notably, magnetic field alignment reduces velocity while accentuating thermal and concentration gradients. Furthermore, non-uniform thermal fluxes elevate temperatures but restrain heat transfer rates. Activation energy augments concentration profiles distinctly from chemical reaction parameters. The comparison of Jeffrey hybrid nanofluid and its conventional counterpart reveals intriguing disparities: the former exhibits a notable 30 % increase in absolute skin friction while increasing heat transfer rate by 4.5 %. These insights underscore the pragmatic significance of our model for precise prognostication and evaluation across various applications.