Increase In Eckert Number Research Articles

Electromagnetic steady motion of Casson fluid with heat and mass transfer through porous medium past a shrinking surface

The motion of non-Newtonian fluid with heat and mass transfer through porous medium past a shrinking plate is discussed. The fluid obeys Casson model, heat generation, viscous dissipation, thermal diffusion, and chemical reaction are taken in our considered. The motion is modulated mathematically by a system of non-linear PDE which describe the continuity, momentum, heat, and mass equations. These system of non-linear equations are transformed into ODE by using a suitable transformations. These equations are solved numerically by using MATHEMATICA package. The numerical distributions of the velocity, temperature, and concentration are obtained as a functions of the physical parameters of the problem. Moreover, the effects of these parameters on these solutions are discussed numerically and illustrated graphically through some figures. It is clear that these parameters play an important role to control the velocity, temperature, and concentration of the fluid motion. It is found that the fluid velocity deceases with the increasing of electric parameter while it increases as the magnetic Hartman parameter increases, these results is good agreement with the physical situation. Also, the fluid temperature decreases and increases as the Prandtl number and Eckert number increases, respectively. At least the fluid concentration decreases with both of Soret and Schimdt numbers.

Mathematical Modelling Of Extraction Of The Underground Fluids: Application To Peristaltic Transportation Through A Vertical Conduit Occupied With Porous Material

This paper gives a theoretical idea for extracting the underground fluids through peristalsis. Due to the similarity in aforesaid problem, peristaltic transportation of a viscous Newtonian fluid over a vertical porous conduit is studied by considering the impact of heat transfer. Presuming the long-wavelength approximation, explicit solutions are found as asymptotic expansions with reference to free convection and porosity parameters. Mathematical expressions for coefficient of heat transfer, temperature and mean flux are derived. It is experiential that for few precise values of dissimilar parameters under contemplation, the coefficient of heat transfer increases significantly as Grashof number and Eckert number increases. This narrates to optimization of heat transfer in some processes. Further, it has been observed that mean flow enhances with amplitude ratio, porosity in addition to pressure drop. This authorizes auxiliary research on the impacts of peristalsis on the flow features in vertical channels.

Squeezing nanofluid flow between parallel rotating plates analysis by AGM method

In this paper, nanofluid flow analysis between two parallel palates is investigated using the Akbari-Ganji Method (AGM). By comparing it with numerical methods it can be concluded that the AGM has high efficiency and acceptable accuracy for solving nonlinear problems with high order of nonlinearity. The partial differential equations governing the fluid flow were converted to ordinary differential equations by using suitable similarity transformation and then the Akbari-Ganji’s Method (AGM) has been used to solve governing equations. In this paper, the effect of adding nano-particles to water, which is flowing between two parallel rotating plates, has been investigated. The chosen nano-particles are Al2O3 and TiO2. The effects of Eckert and squeeze numbers on flow and heat transfer characteristics are investigated. The results show that with the increase in Eckert number, the temperature increases while the velocity profile does not change. On the other hand, with the increase in squeeze number the velocity and temperature profile decrease. Due to the decrease in thermal boundary layer, Nusselt number increases with the increase in Eckert and squeeze numbers. Skin friction doesn't vary with Eckert number, but increasing squeeze number decreases skin friction.

COMBINED EFFECTS OF VARIABLE VISCOSITY, VISCOUS DISSIPATION AND THERMAL RADIATION ON UNSTEADY NATURAL CONVECTION COUETTE FLOW THROUGH A VERTICAL POROUS CHANNEL

The present article investigates combined effects of variable viscosity, viscous dissipation and thermal radiation on unsteady natural convection Couette flow through vertical porous channel. Non-linear Rosseland heat diffusion is deployed for the solution of the flow equations which as a consequence; together with the effects of variable viscosity, viscous dissipation and thermal radiation have resulted to high non-linear equations for the flow formation. Appropriate similarity variables are used to convert the partial differential equations associated with the fluid formation into dimensionless ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and the emerging ODEs are solved using Adomian decomposition method (ADM) and computer aided algebra package. Influences of the physical parameters involved in the problem are presented, discussed and conclusions are drawn. During the investigation; it was found that the fluid velocity and temperature were found to increase with increase in Eckert number, viscosity variation and thermal radiation.

Unsteady Stagnation Point Flow of Maxwell Nanofluid Over Stretching Disk with Joule Heating

In advanced technology, the cooling systems are noteworthy in thermal devices which have been accomplished both active and passive heat transfer improvement methods. Scientist and engineers have developed numerous techniques for the enhancement of heat transport in the thermal systems. The nanofluids, Joule heating, magnetic field and surface heating agents are the emerging effect for the enhancement of heat transfer which have been continuously studied. The main aim of this paper is to study the thermal and solutal aspects of the magnetohydrodynamics unsteady flow of Maxwell nanofluid under the consideration of stagnation point over radially stretching disk. The impact of resistive heating and heat generation to the transportation of thermal energy in fluid is analyzed. Moreover, the prescribed surface temperature (PST) and constant wall temperature (CWT) are considered here. Additionally, the convective energy transport at the surface of disk is assumed and phenomenon of mass transfer is explored with effect of chemical reaction. The partial differential equations which govern the flow, heat and mass transport phenomena are reduced to nonlinear differential equations (ODEs) by introducing the suitable similar transformations. Also, for the solutions of ODEs the built in MATLAB program namely bvp4c is employed and outcomes presented graphically with comprehensive discussion. As a key outcome, it is noted that the higher values of unsteadiness parameter enhance the temperature field in the case of CWT but declines in the case of PST. The increase in Eckert number boosts up the temperature distribution in the Maxwell fluid significantly. The numerical values of surface temperature and concentration gradient for varying values of different parameters are given in tabular form.

Simultaneous effects of nonlinear thermal radiation and Joule heating on the flow of Williamson nanofluid with entropy generation

The present communication addresses the heat and mass transfer mechanism in MHD nanofluid flow of Williamson fluid over a stretching sheet taking the combined effects of Joule heating, nonlinear thermal radiation and viscous dissipation into consideration. For physical relevance we also analyzed the influence of chemical reactions on the flow field. The appropriate transformations are implemented to metamorphose the governing PDEs into a set of coupled ODEs. The shooting technique along with fourth order Runge–Kutta method has been implemented to get the solutions of obtained highly non-linear ODEs. The second law of thermodynamics is implemented to model the equation of entropy generation for the current analysis. Impact of different dominant parameters on velocity, temperature, concentration, entropy generation as well as Bejan number are described through graphs whereas the variation in the skin friction coefficient, heat transfer rate and mass transfer rate are studied using numerical data in the tabular form. It is observed from the obtained numerical data that the rate of heat transfer gets reduced with increase in Eckert number while the thermal radiation parameter tends to enhance it. Increase in Brinkman parameter leads to a rise in entropy generation while it (Brinkman parameter) has an adverse effect on Bejan number.

Magnetic source effect on EG-CuO nanofluid in a semi-annulus using RBFs

In this study, numerical simulation of hydrothermal behaviour of ethylene glycol based CuO nanofluid in a semi-annulus with a magnetic source is investigated. The non-dimensional governing equations are discretized by radial basis functions in spatial derivatives, and by backward-Euler in temporal derivatives. The effects of dimensionless parameters Hartmann number, Rayleigh number, magnetic number, Eckert number and solid volume fraction are presented both in terms of streamlines, isotherms and vorticity contours, and average Nusselt number through the heated wall. The results show that augmentation in magnetic number accelerates the convective heat transfer at a small Rayleigh number, and at a larger heated inner circle. Convective heat transfer is inhibited with the rise of Hartmann number, and with the increase in Eckert number while it is enhanced with the increase in concentration of nanoparticles and Rayleigh number.

Effect of non-uniform heat source/sink on MHD boundary layer flow and melting heat transfer of Williamson nanofluid in porous medium

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of magnetic field on Williamson nanofluid embedded in a porous medium in the presence of non-uniform heat source/sink, chemical reaction and thermal radiation effects.Design/methodology/approachThe governing physical problem is presented using the traditional Navier–Stokes theory. Consequential system of equations is transformed into a set of non-linear ordinary differential equations by means of scaling group of transformation, which are solved using the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method.FindingsThe working fluid is examined for several sundry parameters graphically and in a tabular form. It is noticed that with an increase in Eckert number, there is an increase in velocity and temperature along with a decrease in shear stress and heat transfer rate.Originality/valueA good agreement of the present results has been observed by comparing with the existing literature results.

Magnetohydrodynamic viscous fluid flow and heat transfer in a circular pipe under an externally applied constant suction

An analytical investigation of two-dimensional heat transfer behavior of an axisymmetric incompressible dissipative viscous fluid flow in a circular pipe is considered. The flow is subjected to an externally applied uniform suction over the pipe wall in the transverse direction and a constant magnetic field opposite to the wall. The reduced Navier-Stokes equations in the cylindrical system are applied for the velocity and temperature fields. Constant wall temperature is considered as the thermal boundary condition. The velocity components are expressed into stream function and its solution is acquired by the Homotopy analysis method (HAM). The effects of magnetic body force parameter(M), suction Reynolds number (Re), Prandtl number (Pr)and Eckert number (Ec) on velocity and temperature are examined and are presented in a graphical frame. Streamlines, isotherms and pressure contours are likewise pictured. It is observed that with increasing suction Reynold number decelerates axial flow, whereas it enhances the radial flow. The temperature distribution increases with an increase in Prandtl number, whereas it decreases with an increase in Eckert number (viscous dissipation effect).

Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Boundary Layer Flow Past a Wedge with Heat Transfer and Viscous Effects of Nanofluid Embedded in Porous Media

The problem of two‐dimensional steady laminar MHD boundary layer flow past a wedge with heat and mass transfer of nanofluid embedded in porous media with viscous dissipation, Brownian motion, and thermophoresis effect is considered. Using suitable similarity transformations, the governing partial differential equations have been transformed to nonlinear higher‐order ordinary differential equations. The transmuted model is shown to be controlled by a number of thermophysical parameters, viz. the pressure gradient, magnetic, permeability, Prandtl number, Lewis number, Brownian motion, thermophoresis, and Eckert number. The problem is then solved numerically using spectral quasilinearization method (SQLM). The accuracy of the method is checked against the previously published results and an excellent agreement has been obtained. The velocity boundary layer thickness reduces with an increase in pressure gradient, permeability, and magnetic parameters, whereas thermal boundary layer thickness increases with an increase in Eckert number, Brownian motion, and thermophoresis parameters. Greater values of Prandtl number, Lewis number, Brownian motion, and magnetic parameter reduce the nanoparticles concentration boundary layer.

On dissipative MHD mixed convection boundary-layer flow of Jeffrey fluid over an inclined stretching sheet with nanoparticles: Buongiorno model

Present paper utilizes a combination of non-Newtonian fluid model (Jeffrey fluid) with Buongiorno model (nanofluid). The Jeffery fluid, which is regarded as a base fluid, together with suspended nanoparticles are examined over an inclined stretching sheet with the amalgamated impacts of mixed convection and viscous dissipation. The mathematical formulation of this model is done by choosing the appropriate similarity variables for the aim to reduce the complexity of governing partial differential equations. The Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg (RKF45) method is then applied to the resulting of non-linear ODE to generate numerical results for highlighting the impact of emerging parameters towards specified distributions. Both the graphical and tabular representations of vital engineering physical quantities are also shown and deliberated. For the increase of Eckert number, thermophoresis diffusion, and Brownian motion parameters, the elevation of temperature profiles is observed. Besides, the thermophoresis diffusion parameter tends to accelerate the nanoparticle concentration profile while Brownian motion parameter displays the opposite behavior.

Impact of oblique magnetic viscous dissipative transport on chemically reactive micro-rotations submerged in porous medium

The present communication aims to investigate the influence of inclined magnetic field and Joule heating phenomenon in the presence of chemical reaction on micro-rotation of particles suspended in a viscoplastic fluid submerged in a porous medium. Casson fluid is considered as a viscoplastic fluid. Governing physical problem modeling and formulation is performed in the Cartesian coordinate system. A system of partial differential equations is reduced to a system of ordinary differential equations by means of suitable transformation. Nonlinear coupled system is solved numerically with the help of a shooting algorithm. Numerical investigation is carried out for strong and weak concentrations at the boundary. Emerging parameters’ effects on fluid micro-rotation velocities and temperature distribution are displayed and analyzed through graphs for strong and weak concentrations. Further, numerical values of skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number are tabulated for pertinent parameters. From the present analysis it is concluded that fluid decelerates with an increase in Casson fluid parameter, medium porosity, magnetic parameter, and inclination angle in both cases of strong concentration as well as weak concentration while it accelerates with the increase in micropolar parameter and Eckert number. Micro-rotation velocity seems to accelerate at the vicinity of stretching surface for β, K, γ, M, and Γ while it decelerates with the increase in Ec. Temperature rises with the increase in Eckert number, Biot number, inclination angle, magnetic parameter, and thermal convection parameter for strong and weak concentration. Skin friction coefficient increases with an increase in micropolar parameter, magnetic parameter, and medium porosity whereas it decreases with an increase in Casson fluid and thermal convection parameters. Nusselt number magnitude rises with an increase in K, Pr, and Bi, while it lessens with an increase in M, Ec, and γ.

Dufour Effects on Unsteady MHD Convective Heat and Mass Transfer Flow of Micropolar Fluid Past a Vertical Moving Porous Plate

An investigation of Dufour effects on unsteady MHD convective flow of micropolar fluid past a vertical moving semi-infinite plate embedded in a porous medium is carried out. The dimensionless governing equations for this investigation are solved analytically using small perturbation approximation. The effect of various dimensionless parameters entering into the problem on the velocity, temperature and concentration profiles across the boundary layer are investigated through graphs. Also, the result of the skin friction coefficient, the rate of heat and mass transfer at the wall are prepared with various values of the parameters. It is observed that the velocity increases with the increase of Dufour number whereas it decreases with the increasing value of Schmidt number, Prandtl number and Eckert number. Also, magnitude of micro rotation increases with the increase of Eckert number.

Linear instability of Poiseuille flows with highly non-ideal fluids

The objective of this work is to investigate linear modal and algebraic instability in Poiseuille flows with fluids close to their vapour–liquid critical point. Close to this critical point, the ideal gas assumption does not hold and large non-ideal fluid behaviours occur. As a representative non-ideal fluid, we consider supercritical carbon dioxide ($\text{CO}_{2}$) at a pressure of 80 bar, which is above its critical pressure of 73.9 bar. The Poiseuille flow is characterized by the Reynolds number ($Re=\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{w}^{\ast }u_{r}^{\ast }h^{\ast }/\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}_{w}^{\ast }$), the product of the Prandtl ($Pr=\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}_{w}^{\ast }C_{pw}^{\ast }/\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}_{w}^{\ast }$) and Eckert numbers ($Ec=u_{r}^{\ast 2}/C_{pw}^{\ast }T_{w}^{\ast }$) and the wall temperature that in addition to pressure determine the thermodynamic reference condition. For low Eckert numbers, the flow is essentially isothermal and no difference with the well-known stability behaviour of incompressible flows is observed. However, if the Eckert number increases, the viscous heating causes gradients of thermodynamic and transport properties, and non-ideal gas effects become significant. Three regimes of the laminar base flow can be considered: the subcritical (temperature in the channel is entirely below its pseudo-critical value), transcritical and supercritical temperature regimes. If compared to the linear stability of an ideal gas Poiseuille flow, we show that the base flow is modally more unstable in the subcritical regime, inviscid unstable in the transcritical regime and significantly more stable in the supercritical regime. Following the principle of corresponding states, we expect that qualitatively similar results will be obtained for other fluids at equivalent thermodynamic states.

Boundary layer flow of nanofluids to analyse the heat absorption/generation over a stretching sheet with variable suction/injection in the presence of viscous dissipation

ABSTRACT In this investigation, the heat and mass transfer characteristics in boundary layer flow about a stretching sheet in a porous medium filled with TiO2 – water and Al2O3 – water-based nanofluids, in the presence of internal heat generation or absorption and viscous dissipation with variable suction or injection effects is numerically studied. The similarity transformations are used to transform the governing boundary layer equations for momentum, energy and species transfer into a set of non-linear ordinary differential equations which are solved numerically by Keller-box method. The obtained numerical results are validated against results computed by using MATLAB bvp4c routine, and excellent agreement is observed. The impact of various pertinent parameters on velocity, temperature and concentration as well as the friction factor coefficient, local heat and mass transfer rates are derived and discussed through graphs and tables for TiO2 and Al2O3 water-based nanofluids. The present study reveals that an increase in Eckert number (Ec) and heat generation/absorption parameter (Q) significantly decreases local heat transfer rate.

HEAT GENERATION AND ABSORPTION IN MHD FLOW OF CASSON FLUID PAST A STRETCHING WEDGE WITH VISCOUS DISSIPATION AND NEWTONIAN HEATING

The dissipative flow of Casson fluid in the presence of heat generation and absorption is investigated. The flow is induced due to stretching wedge. The similarity transformations were used to to transformed the governing equations into ordinary differential equations. The transformed equations are solved numerically via Keller-box method. Numerical results for skin friction coefficient are compared and found in excellent agreement with published results. The effects of pertinent parameters on velocity and temperature profiles as well as skin friction and heat transfer rate are graphically displayed and analyzed. It is noticed that fluid velocity drops with the increase of Casson fluid and magnetic parameters when the wedge is stretching faster than free stream. It is also noted that the heat transfer rate at wedge surface reduces with the increase of Eckert number, whereas the reverse trend is noted in the case of Casson and radiation parameters. Moreover, with increasing of heat generation or absorption parameter the fluid temperature rises.

Mesoscopic simulation of double-diffusive natural convection and entropy generation of Bingham fluid in an open cavity

In this paper, double-diffusive natural convection, studying Soret and Dufour effects and viscous dissipation in an open cavity filled with Bingham fluid has been simulated by Finite Difference Lattice Boltzmann Method (FDLBM). In addition, entropy generations through fluid friction, heat transfer, and mass transfer has been studied. The problem has been solved by applying the regularized Papanastasiou model. However, the Bingham model without regularizations for some cases have been studied to demonstrate the accuracy of the applied regularization. This study has been conducted for certain pertinent parameters of Rayleigh number (Ra=103, 104 and 105), Bingham number (Bn), Lewis number (Le=2.5, 5 and 10), Dufour parameter (Df=0, 1, and 5), Soret parameter (Sr=0, 1, and 5), Eckert number (Ec=0, 0.001, and 0.01), and the Buoyancy ratio (N=−1, 0.1, 1). Results indicate that the increase in Rayleigh number enhances heat and mass transfer for various Bingham numbers. The rise of Bingham number reduces heat and mass transfer. In addition, the increase in Bingham number enlarges the unyielded zones. The increase in the Lewis number augments mass transfer in different Rayleigh and Bingham numbers, although the enhancement of Lewis number causes heat transfer to drop marginally. The rise of Dufour parameter increases heat transfer gradually. The increase in Soret parameter enhances mass transfer for different Bingham and Rayleigh numbers. The addition of Soret parameter, Dufour parameter and Lewis number do not affect the unyielded zone considerably. The augmentation of the buoyancy ratio number enhances heat and mass transfer at Ra=104 and 105. The rise of buoyancy ratio number alters the unyielded section significantly. The increase in Eckert number influences heat and mass transfer marginally. The augmentation of Rayleigh number enhances different entropy generations and reduces the average Bejan number. The increase in the Bingham number provokes various irreversibilities to drop significantly. The rise of Soret and Dufour parameters enhances the entropy generations due to heat transfer and fluid friction. The rise of Eckert number alters various entropy generations, but the alteration does not follow a specific manner in different studied parameters.

Double-diffusive natural convection and entropy generation of Carreau fluid in a heated enclosure with an inner circular cold cylinder (Part I: Heat and mass transfer)

In this paper, double-diffusive natural convection, studying Soret and Dufour effects and viscous dissipation in a heated enclosure with an inner cold cylinder filled with non-Newtonian Carreau fluid has been simulated by Finite Difference Lattice Boltzmann Method (FDLBM). This study has been conducted for certain pertinent parameters of Rayleigh number (Ra = 104 and 105), Carreau number (Cu = 1, 10, and 20), Lewis number (Le = 2.5, 5 and 10), Dufour parameter (Df = 0, 1, and 5), Soret parameter (Sr = 0, 1, and 5), Eckert number (Ec = 0, 1, and 10), the Buoyancy ratio (N = −1, 0.1, 1), the radius of the inner cylinder (Rd = 0.1 L, 0.2 L, 0.3 L, and 0.4 L), the horizontal distance of the circular cylinder from the center of the enclosure (Ω = −0.2 L, 0 and 0.2 L), the vertical distance of the circular cylinder from the center of the enclosure (δ = −0.2 L, 0 and 0.2 L). Results indicate that the increase in Rayleigh number enhances heat transfer for various studied parameters. The increase in power-law index provokes heat and mass transfer to drop gradually. The increase in the Lewis number declines the mass transfer considerably while causes heat transfer to drop marginally. The heat transfer increases with the rise of the Dufour parameter and the mass transfer enhances as the Soret parameter increases for different Rayleigh numbers. The augmentation of the buoyancy ratio number enhances heat and mass transfer. The increase in Eckert number affects heat and mass transfer; especially, at Ra = 105. The rise of Carreau number causes heat and mass transfer to drop gradually. The movement of the center of the cylinder from the bottom to the top side of the enclosure vertically (δ = −0.2 L, 0 and 0.2 L) decreases heat and mass transfer significantly while the effect of power-law index drops. The increase in the radius of the cylinder enhances heat and mass transfer. The alteration of the center of the cylinder horizontally (Ω) to the left and right sides enhance heat and mass transfer although this augmentation is different in various power-law indexes.

The Effects of Thermo-Physical Parameters on Free Convective Flow of a Chemically Reactive Power Law Fluid Driven by Exothermal Plate

In this article, the effects of thermo-physical parameters on free convective flow of a chemically reactive power law fluid driven by exothermal plate is studied. The effect of thermal radiation on the fluid flow is investigated. Also, an exothermal surface reaction modeled by Arrhenius kinetics supplied heat to the power law fluid. Suitable similarity transformations are used to transform the non-linear partial differential equations into system of non-linear coupled ordinary differential equations. The obtained coupled non-linear ordinary differential equations are then solved numerically via fourth-order Runge-Kutta Fehlberg method. A parametric study is performed to illustrate the influence of thermal conductivity parameter, Grashof number, power-law index, velocity exponent parameter, Prandtl number, heat generation parameter, magnetic parameter, Eckert number, radiation parameter, Frank-Kamenetskii parameter, activation energy parameter, Brinkman number, reactant consumption parameter, and suction parameter on the fluid velocity and temperature profiles within the boundary layer. Numerical values of different controlling parameters for local skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number are obtained and discussed. Comparison of the present work with existing literature was carried out and the results are in excellent agreement. The results also shows that skin friction coefficient decreases with increase in Eckert number, while the rate of heat transfer is enhanced at the surface of the plate as the Eckert number increase.

Double-diffusive natural convection and entropy generation of Bingham fluid in an inclined cavity

In this paper, double-diffusive natural convection, studying Soret and Dufour effects and viscous dissipation in a square cavity filled with Bingham fluid has been simulated by Finite Difference Lattice Boltzmann Method (FDLBM). In addition, entropy generations through fluid friction, heat transfer, and mass transfer has been studied. The problem has been solved by applying the regularised Papanastasiou model. This study has been conducted for certain pertinent parameters of Rayleigh number (Ra=103,104 and 105), Bingham number (Bn), Lewis number (Le=2.5, 5 and 10), Dufour parameter (Df=0, 1, and 5), Soret parameter (Sr=0, 1, and 5), Eckert number (Ec=0, 0.001, and 0.01), inclined angle (θ=0, 40, 80, and 120) and the Buoyancy ratio (N=−1, 0.1, 1). Results indicate that the increase in Rayleigh number enhances heat and mass transfer for various Bingham numbers and inclined angles. The alteration of the inclined angle changes heat and mass transfer. In addition, the rise of the inclined angle alter the unyielded zones. The increase in the Lewis number augments mass transfer in different inclined angles while it causes heat transfer to drop marginally at θ=0, 40, and 120. The heat transfer increases with the rise of the Dufour parameter and the mass transfer enhances as the Soret parameter increases for different Bingham numbers and Rayleigh numbers. In some cases, the augmentation of Soret and Dufour parameters alter the behavior of heat and mass transfer against the alteration of the inclined angle. The addition of Soret and Dufour parameters and Lewis numbers do not affect the unyielded zone considerably. The augmentation of the buoyancy ratio number enhances heat and mass transfer. The rise of buoyancy ratio number alters the unyielded section significantly. The increase in Eckert number declines heat transfer, but it has a marginal effect on mass transfer. The augmentation of Rayleigh number enhances different entropy generations and declines the average Bejan number. The increase in the Bingham number provokes various irreversibilities to drop significantly. The rise of Soret and Dufour parameters enhances the entropy generations due to heat transfer and fluid friction. The rise of Eckert number alters various entropy generations, but the alteration does not follow a specific manner in different studied parameters.