Annual Rate Of Increase Research Articles

Five-Year Outcomes of a School-Based Personality-Focused Prevention Program on Adolescent Substance Use Disorder: A Cluster Randomized Trial.

Rates of substance use disorders (SUDs) remain significantly above national targets for health promotion and disease prevention in Canada and the United States. This study investigated the 5-year SUD outcomes following a selective drug and alcohol prevention program targeting personality risk factors for adolescent substance misuse. The Co-Venture trial is a cluster randomized trial involving 31 high schools in the greater Montreal area that agreed to conduct annual health behavior surveys for 5 years on the entire 7th grade cohort of assenting students enrolled at the school in 2012 or 2013. Half of all schools were randomly assigned to be trained and assisted in the delivery of the personality-targeted PreVenture Program to all eligible 7th grade participants. The intervention consisted of a brief (two-session) group cognitive-behavioral intervention that is delivered in a personality-matched fashion to students who have elevated scores on one of four personality traits linked to early-onset substance misuse: impulsivity, sensation seeking, anxiety sensitivity, or hopelessness. Mixed-effects multilevel Bayesian models were used to estimate the effect of the intervention on the year-by-year change in probability of SUD. When baseline differences were controlled for, a time-by-intervention interaction revealed positive growth in SUD rate for the control group (b=1.380, SE=0.143, odds ratio=3.97) and reduced growth for the intervention group (b=-0.423, SE=0.173, 95% CI=-0.771, -0.084, odds ratio=0.655), indicating a 35% reduction in the annual increase in SUD rate in the intervention condition relative to the control condition. Group differences in SUD rates were reliably nonzero (95% confidence) at the fourth and fifth year of assessment. Secondary analyses revealed no significant intervention effects on growth of anxiety, depression, or total mental health difficulties over the four follow-up periods. This study showed for the first time that personality-targeted interventions might protect against longer-term development of SUD.

Изменение метеорологических условий в Республике Калмыкии за период 1970–2020 годов

The Republic of Kalmykia is located in the arid and water-deficient regions of the European part of Russia. Arid landscapes are most vulnerable to changes in climatic conditions. Changes in meteorological conditions between 1970 and 2020 have been considered. There has been an increase in average annual temperature across the region. In Elista, the average temperature increased by 0.9 °C compared to the previous period; in Yashkul, it increased by 1 to 1.2 °C; and in Lagan, it was 1 °C. Winters have been warmer than average by 0.6 to 0.9 °C, springs by 0,5 to 1 °C, and summers by 1,2 to 1,5°C. Autumn has seen the lowest temperatures, with a decrease of 0.1 to 0.2 °C. The distribution of average annual and monthly precipitation is revealed: as continentality increases, precipitation decreases from 366 mm to 221 mm. An analysis of long-term precipitation changes from 1970 to 2020 showed that on average there is an increase in precipitation in Elista and a slight decrease in the last decade in Yashkul and Lagan. Annual precipitation increased from 315 mm (1970–1979) to 393 mm (2010–2019) in Elista. There is also an increase in winter (62–80 mm) and spring precipitation (63–118 mm). Thus, the spring season has seen a significant increase. The summertime is characterized by increases in the first decade and decreases since the 2000s, with a similar pattern for autumn precipitation. Peak precipitation occurred in the 1990–1999 period, after which it decreased significantly. Desert areas saw an increase in annual rainfall rates (282 mm) compared to historical data (252 mm), which continued until 2009 at 292 mm before decreasing again at 266 mm. The amount of precipitation increases slightly in winter. The situation is similar for the rest of the seasons, with an increase until the 1990s, after which there is a decline. However, summer and autumn precipitation are slightly higher than average.

Research on Wildfire and Soil Water: A Bibliometric Analysis from 1990 to 2023

In the context of climate change, wildfires occur more frequently and significantly impact the vegetation–soil–water continuum. Soil water is a critical factor for understanding wildfire occurrence and predicting wildfire hazards. However, there is a lack of specific bibliometric analysis of the research on the mechanisms by which soil water influences wildfire occurrence. Therefore, this study conducted a bibliometric analysis of wildfire and soil water, aiming to understand their relationship, research characteristics, and future development trends. We used the Bibliometrix software package in R 4.4.0, which provides different methods for analyzing bibliometric data. A total of 1585 publications were analyzed from 1990 to 2023. The results of the study showed that the number of publications showed an overall growth trend during the period, with an average annual increase rate of 4.4%. The average annual citations per paper exhibited a pattern of rapid increase, followed by slow growth, and then rapid decrease. Ten highly productive authors in the field contributed 12.2% of the total publications during this period. Over the past 30 years, the University of Aveiro has consistently ranked first in terms of paper quantity. Most of the top ten productive institutions are in the United States, Australia, and several European countries. Fifty-eight countries engage in research related to wildfires and soil water, with close collaboration observed between the United States, Canada, and Spain. The four most frequently used keywords are “wildfire”, “fire”, “water repellency”, and “runoff” (with a total frequency of 1385). Water properties relevant to soil characteristics in the word cloud primarily include hydrophobicity, runoff, erosion, and infiltration. Erosion, wildfires, and runoff are crucial in the field but have yet to receive substantial development. The correlation of post-wildfire soil water properties with infiltration, runoff, and erosion processes is most likely to be addressed in future research. The findings will help researchers assess the post-wildfire disaster chain and its impact on the ecological environment, with clear trends, gaps, and research directions in the areas.

Mutational signature analyses in multi-child families reveal sources of age-related increases in human germline mutations.

Whole-genome sequencing studies of parent-offspring trios have provided valuable insights into the potential impact of de novo mutations (DNMs) on human health and disease. However, the molecular mechanisms that drive DNMs are unclear. Studies with multi-child families can provide important insight into the causes of inter-family variability in DNM rates but they are highly limited. We characterized 2479 de novo single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in 13 multi-child families of Mexican-American ethnicity. We observed a strong paternal age effect on validated de novo SNVs with extensive inter-family variability in the yearly rate of increase. Children of older fathers showed more C > T transitions at CpG sites than children from younger fathers. Validated SNVs were examined against one cancer (COSMIC) and two non-cancer (human germline and CRISPR-Cas 9 knockout of human DNA repair genes) mutational signature databases. These analyses suggest that inaccurate DNA mismatch repair during repair initiation and excision processes, along with DNA damage and replication errors, are major sources of human germline de novo SNVs. Our findings provide important information for understanding the potential sources of human germline de novo SNVs and the critical role of DNA mismatch repair in their genesis.

Liana versus tree seedling responses to spatial and temporal variation in dry season severity

AbstractLianas are key components of tropical forests, particularly at sites with more severe dry seasons. In contrast, trees are more abundant and speciose in wetter areas. The seasonal growth advantage (SGA) hypothesis postulates that such contrasting distributions are produced by higher liana growth relative to trees during seasonal droughts. The SGA has been investigated for larger size classes (e.g., ≥5 cm diameter at 1.3 m, dbh), but rarely for seedlings. Using eight annual censuses of >12,000 seedlings of 483 tree and liana species conducted at eight 1‐ha plots spanning a strong rainfall gradient in central Panama, we evaluated whether liana seedlings had higher growth and/or survival rates than tree seedlings at sites with stronger droughts. We also tested whether an extreme El Niño drought during the study period had a more negative effect on tree compared to liana seedlings. The absolute density of liana seedlings was similar across the rainfall gradient, ranging from 0.32 individuals/m2 (0.20–0.49, 95% credible interval [CI]) at the driest end of the gradient and 0.27 individuals/m2 (0.13–0.51 95% CI) at the wettest end of the gradient. The relative density of liana seedlings compared to tree seedlings was higher at sites with stronger dry seasons (0.27, 0.21–0.33, 95% CI), compared to wetter sites (0.12, 0.04–0.20 95% CI), due to lower tree seedling densities at drier sites. However, liana seedlings did not grow or survive better than tree seedlings in drier sites compared to wetter sites. Tree seedlings were more negatively impacted in terms of mortality by the extreme El Niño drought than liana seedlings, with an increase in annual mortality rate of 0.013 (0.003–0.025 95% CI) compared to lianas of −0.009 (−0.028 to 0.008 95% CI), but not growth. Our results indicate that lianas do not have a SGA over trees at the seedling stage. Instead, higher survival of liana versus tree seedlings during severe droughts or differences in liana versus tree fecundity or germination across the rainfall gradient likely explain why liana seedlings have higher relative densities at drier sites.

Insights into the aetiology and temporal trends in cardiac mortality in the young: a 21-year review of national and registry data in the united kingdom

Abstract Background An accurate representation of the incidence and aetiology of cardiac and sudden cardiac death (SCD) is vital for healthcare policymakers to effectively allocate resources for preventative strategies. Purpose We aimed to report on the incidence and causes of cardiac and SCD among individuals under 35-years-old in England and Wales for 21 years (2001-2021), with a focus on identifying any temporal trends. Methods Annual mortality data from the Office for National Statistics (ONS) pertaining to cardiovascular (CV) and possible CV deaths in individuals under 35-years-old were analyzed using International Classification of Diseases-10 codes. Deaths were categorized into four-classes: A1- definitive cardiac deaths without identifiable structural heart disease (consistent with sudden arrhythmic death syndrome, SADS); A2- definitive cardiac deaths with identified structural heart disease; A3- definitive cardiac deaths with indeterminate cause; and B- potential cardiac deaths. Incidence rates were computed based on annual ONS census data. Additionally, insights were gleaned from the Cardiac Risk in the Young Centre for Cardiac Pathology (CRYCCP) nationwide registry. Results The mean annual number of definitive cardiac deaths (classes A1+A2+A3) was 414 (SD 27.4), resulting in an incidence of young cardiac and SCD of 1.68/100,000 individuals/year. Ischaemic heart disease (28.4%), cardiomyopathies (25.9%), and SADS (21.8%) were the most prevalent cardiac conditions. Cardiomyopathies and SADS related mortality peaked in the 10-to-19 age group, while ischaemic heart disease peaked in the 30-to-35 age group. A mean of 573 (SD 76.6) possible cardiac deaths (class B) occurred, these primarily included ill-defined causes (33.5%), epilepsy (32.4%), sudden infant death syndrome (24.2%), and drowning (7%). Definitive and possible cardiac deaths showed a male preponderance (male to female ratios: 2.3:1 and 1.6:1, respectively). A declining trend in cardiac mortality was observed with a 1.3% (95%CI: 1.0%-1.7%) incidence rate reduction/year (p<0.001). This was associated with a 2.5% annual incidence rate reduction for deaths attributed to structural heart disease (p<0.001), but an 8.5% annual incidence rate increase for deaths attributed to SADS (p<0.001). These trends corelated with increasing numbers of deaths referred to the CRYCCP where an expert cardiac pathologist diagnosed SADS in over 52% of cases. Conclusions Over 21 years in England and Wales, national datasets suggest the incidence of young cardiac and SCD is 1.68/100,000/year, with a small but appreciable declining mortality trend. The rise in SADS rates and contemporaneous decline in deaths attributed to structural heart disease may signify increased awareness and accessibility to expert cardiac pathologists. Ensuring accurate mortality coding is crucial for thoroughly assessing first-degree family members in cases of suspected inherited cardiac conditions.

Social Aspects of the Demographic Situation in Uzbekistan

This article investigates the sociocultural dimensions of the demographic landscape in Uzbekistan, with a particular emphasis on population expansion, urbanization processes, and transformations in familial structures. The demographic populace of Uzbekistan has exhibited consistent growth, surpassing 36 million individuals in the year 2023, characterized by an annual increase rate of 1.5%. Current urbanization patterns indicate that half of the populace now inhabits urban locales, thereby engendering challenges in educational access, healthcare provision, and employment opportunities. The research employs data derived from national censuses alongside academic investigations to scrutinize these dynamics and offers policy recommendations aimed at alleviating their societal repercussions. Also, in this article, an attempt was made to predict the demograqfic state of birth, marriage, employment, urbanization and its prospective state in Uzbekistan.

History education research in Türkiye: A bibliometric analysis based on WOS and Scopus data (2000-2023)

This study aims to exhibit a bibliometric analysis of history education research in Türkiye. A total of 127 documents from 70 sources indexed in the Web of Science and Scopus databases in the years 2000-2023 were used in the analysis. The analysis provides a review of history education research in Türkiye by identifying the dynamics of research by presenting a wide in-depth knowledge concerning the periodical process, current situation, and future directions. Since 2006, history education studies in Türkiye have become more visible in the relevant databases. The annual increase rate of the studies was determined as 8.49 percent. Among the 127 documents accessed, research articles are the most common with a total of 104 articles. From the analysis, it could be said that history education research in Türkiye is mostly conducted in Turkish journals and by Turkish authors. Compared to international literature in history education, studies on ‘historical consciousness’ in Türkiye that were indexed in WOS and Scopus databases were found to be rare in the analysis. Despite this, it is observed that new approaches have started to be studied within the framework of concepts such as 'oral history', 'postmodernism', and 'museum education' in history education studies originating from Türkiye that were indexed in WOS and Scopus databases. In the analysis, it has been observed that although academic studies in qualified databases originating from Türkiye in the field of history education are not sufficient, they have been on an increasing trend in recent years.

Surface coal mining in drylands: A multiscale comparison of spatiotemporal patterns and environmental impacts between Inner Mongolia and Mongolia

Surface coal mining (SCM) poses a great threat to the environment. Previous studies have explored the speed and scale of SCM in the Mongolian Plateau, but landscape-based analysis is needed for creating actionable knowledge required for environmental policy-making. Thus, taking a landscape ecological approach, here we compared the spatiotemporal patterns and major environmental impacts of SCM between Inner Mongolia of China and Mongolia during 1975–2015 at multiple administrative levels. We found that the SCM area increased by nearly 40 times in Inner Mongolia and 11 times in Mongolia during the 40 years. The annual increase rate in terms of both area and number was greater in Inner Mongolia than in Mongolia during 1975–2010, but the order was reversed during 2010–2015. At the prefectural or aimag level, the SCM distribution exhibited considerable variations. In 2015, 44 % of the total SCM area was located in Baotou, Wuhai, and Ordos of Inner Mongolia and Ömnögovi of Mongolia in 2015. The spatiotemporal patterns of SCM were characterized by increases in patch size, shape complexity, clustering, and landscape fragmentation. We estimated that the surrounding ecosystems disturbed by mining were 14.72 times larger than the SCM sites themselves in Inner Mongolia and 21.10 times in Mongolia. More threatened species were potentially affected by SCM in Inner Mongolia than in Mongolia. The variations in the scope and speed of SCM between Inner Mongolia and Mongolia may be attributable to multiple factors, including the distribution of coal mines themselves, economic investments, and national and local policies. Our study provides scientific support for promoting China-Mongolia bilateral collaboration for curbing SCM expansion and mitigating its environmental impacts on the plateau.

Percutaneous coronary intervention for left main coronary artery. Temporal trends and long-term outcomes from the all-comer BIA-LM registry.

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for the left main coronary artery (LMCA) was endorsed by trials. This article aimed to assess prognosis and temporal trends in a real-world registry. In total, 998 patients undergoing LMCA PCI were hospitalized from December 27, 2007 to February 21, 2022. The analysis included mortality predictors, annual and periodic trends assessments (2007-2015 compared to 2015-2022). The median age of patients was 71 years (interquartile range 16); 736 (73.8%) were male, and 448 (51.9%) had multimorbidity (≥3 chronic diseases). Worse prognosis was associated with age ≥75 years (hazard ratio [HR], 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17-2.20; P = 0.003), myocardial infarction (HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.06-2.04; P = 0.02), previous myocardial infarction (HR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.07-1.91; P = 0.02), diabetes (HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.03-1.84; P = 0.03), atrial fibrillation (HR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.26-2.39; P = 0.001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (HR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.27-3.20; P = 0.003), and previous stroke (HR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.17-2.70; P = 0.007). Higher ejection fraction (HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.96-0.99; P <0.001 for 1% increase) and intravascular imaging (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.49-1.00; P = 0.047) yielded better outcomes. The rate of LMCA PCI increased from 2.2% in 2008 to 6.9% in 2021 (P <0.001). There were increases in annual and periodic multimorbidity rates (P <0.001), intravascular imaging (P <0.001), and decreases in 30-, 90-day (log-rank P <0.001) and 1-year mortality (log-rank P = 0.007). Six-year landmark mortality analysis at 30 days showed a trend toward worse prognosis in patients hospitalized in the late period (log-rank P = 0.051). PCI and multimorbidity rates increased. Short-term mortality decreased, while prognosis beyond 30 days worsened. Advancements in PCI technology may improve early outcomes; however, efforts should be made to reduce multimorbidity burden.

Pregabalin Addiction: A Bibliometric Analysis

Objective: Bibliometric analyses allow determining the scientific research profile, revealing the current situation on the subject, and identifying new research areas. Pregabalin addiction is an addiction that has serious consequences for the individual, family and society. For this reason, taking photographs of studies related to this field can be a guide for researchers. In this regard, the aim of the research is to bibliometrically examine publications addressing the issue of pregabalin addiction.&#x0D; Method: The study was conducted in the Web of Science database. The keywords “pregabalin addiction” were used during the screening without any time limit. &#x0D; Results: 150 publications were reached. Their publication dates were between 2003 and 2023, the average age of publication was 4.83, and the annual increase rate was 5%. The most active country was the United States of America, and the journal with the highest number of publications was “Frontiers in Psychiatry.” In addition, “gabapentin, abuse” was the most frequently used, “opioid, drug abuse” were the motor, “withdrawal” was niche, and “pain, substance” were emerging or disappearing themes. Besides, “neuropathic pain” was a basic theme, and “benzodiazepine” showed consistent development. &#x0D; Conclusion: This is the first bibliometric study addressing pregabalin addiction and provided a comprehensive overview of pregabalin addiction over 20 years. From the quantitative perspective, the mean age of the study and the annual growth rate were low, and the number of studies was limited. Qualitative data showed that research topics mostly clustered on pregabalin addiction, addiction potential, abuse and taking with other drugs, and demonstrated a need for studies in addiction prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation.

Abstract A102: Nationwide Racial, Ethnic, Geographic and Stage-Specific Trends in Breast Cancer Incidence among Older US Women, 2001-2019

Abstract Purpose: Breast Cancer (BC) incidence is increasing among younger women with significant variation by race, ethnicity, and geography. Yet, few studies have described trends and possible social disparities among the oldest women (65+), typically grouping older women into a single age category, despite age-related variation in screening guidelines (e.g., no longer recommending routine screening beyond age 74 or limited life expectancy). We assessed trends in US BC incidence rates among 3 separate age groups of older women (65-74y, 75-84y, 85+) by stage at diagnosis, race, ethnicity, and geography. Methods: To cover all 50 US states, we used the US Cancer Statistics (USCS) public use database, 2022 submission of NCPR and SEER incidence data to obtain annual BC incidence rates from 2001-2019, age adjusted to the 2000 US standard population. We used Joinpoint regression to obtain the average annual percent changes (AAPCs) in BC incidence rates for each age group over the time period stratified by disease stage at diagnosis, race/ethnicity, metropolitan status, and region. Results: From 2001-2019, overall BC incidence rates per 100,000 were 530.4, 515.3, and 376.8 for ages 65-74, 75-84, and 85+, respectively. During this period, incidence increased by 0.4% (95% CI: 0.2 to 0.6) per year in women aged 65-74, remained stable in women aged 75-84 years, and decreased by 1.1% (95% CI: -1.4 to -0.8) per year in women aged 85+ years. In all age groups, there was a decline in regional stage (AAPCs range -0.8 to -0.9) and an increase in distant stage (AAPCs range: 1.1- 1.6). However, in situ and localized stage trends varied by age group (e.g., both increased in 65- 74, but decreased for 85+). For all stages combined, in the 65-74 year-old age group, non- Hispanic Black, American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian/Pacific Islander, and Hispanic women had 7-11 times the rate of average annual percent increase compared to non-Hispanic White women (AAPCs: 1.6, 1.8, 2.2, and 1.4 vs. 0.2, respectively). Rates increased for non-Hispanic Black and Asian/Pacific Islander women (AAPCs: 1.0 and 0.9, respectively) in the 75-84 year old age group and decreased for non-Hispanic White and Hispanic women aged 85+ (AAPCs: -1.0 and -1.3, respectively). Age-specific trends did not vary by metropolitan status, though BC incidence rates were lower in non-metropolitan vs. metropolitan areas across all age groups (non- metropolitan vs. metropolitan rate ratio range: 0.90-0.95). BC incidence in 65-74 year-old women increased from 2001-2019 in the Northeast, Midwest, and South, increased in the Northeast (AAPC: 0.2) and decreased in the West for ages 75-84, (AAPC: -0.6), and decreased in all 4 regions of the US (AAPC range: -0.7 to -1.5) in the 85+ year-old age group. Conclusions: As previously reported for younger women, these findings support racial, geographic, and stage- specific BC variation in trends are also observed for older women. Further research should examine the contribution of screening practices to these trends and their impact on BC mortality disparities among older women. Citation Format: Erica Lee Argov, Anita Karr, Michelle Lui, Parisa Tehranifar, Rebecca Kehm. Nationwide Racial, Ethnic, Geographic and Stage-Specific Trends in Breast Cancer Incidence among Older US Women, 2001-2019 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr A102.

Spatiotemporal Evolution and Influencing Factors of Heat Island Intensity in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration Based on GEE

Urban agglomerations significantly alter the regional thermal environment. It is urgent to investigate the evolution and influence mechanisms of urban agglomeration heat island intensity from a regional perspective. This study is supported by Google Earth Engine long-term MODIS data series. On the basis of estimating surface urban heat island intensity (SUHI) in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration from 2001 to 2020 based on the suburban temperature difference method, the causes of heat islands in the urban agglomeration were analyzed by using geographical detector analysis. Additionally, the heat island proportion (PHI) and SUHI indicators were used to compare and analyze the changing characteristics of the urban heat island effect of ten representative cities. The research reveals the following: (1) The average SUHI of the study area increased from 0.11 °C in 2001 to 0.29 °C in 2020, with an average annual increase rate of 0.009 °C. (2) According to the results of the geographical detector analysis, SUHI was influenced by several driving factors exhibiting obvious seasonal variations. (3) SUHI difference between cities is significant in the summer (1.52 °C), but smallest in the winter; the PHI difference between cities is larger in the autumn (46.7%), while it is smaller in the summer. The research findings aim to effectively serve the formulation of collaborative development plans for the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration.

Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Evidence, Innovation, and Horizons.

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is the third most common cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The goal of this review is to discuss the most up-to-date literature on epidemiology, diagnosis, risk stratification, and management of acute PE. Despite an increase in annual incidence rate of PE in the United States and development of multiple advanced therapies for treatment of acute PE, PE-related mortality is not consistently decreasing across populations. Although multiple risk stratification schemes have been developed, it is still unclear which advanced therapy should be used for the individual patient and optimal timing. Fortunately, multiple randomized clinical trials are underway to answer these questions. Nevertheless, up to 50% of patients have persistent reduced quality of life 6 months after acute PE, termed post-PE syndrome. Despite advances in therapeutic options for management of acute PE, many questions remain unanswered, including optimal risk stratification and management of acute PE.

Spatial–temporal variations of sediment transport rate and driving factors in Shule River Basin, northwest China

The sediment content and transport rate of rivers are crucial indicators reflecting soil erosion, water quality, and water resource management in a region. Studying changes in river sediment transport rates within a basin is essential for evaluating water quality, restoring water ecosystems, and implementing soil and water conservation measures. This study focused on the Shule River Basin and utilized various methods such as moving average, cumulative anomaly, Mann–Kendall mutation test, Mann–Kendall (M–K) trend test, Sen’s slope estimation, Correlation analysis, wavelet analysis, R/S analysis, ARCGIS10.7 interpolation, non-uniformity coefficient, and concentration to analyze data from hydrologic stations at Changmapu (CMP), Panjiazhuang (PJZ), and Dangchengwan (DCW). The research examined the temporal and spatial characteristics of sediment transport rates and identified key driving factors. Findings revealed significant increases in annual sediment transport rates at CMP and PJZ by 12.227 and 4.318 kg/s (10a)−1, respectively, while DCW experienced a decrease of 0.677 kg/s (10a)−1. The sediment transport rate of the three stations had a sudden change around 1994. The average annual sediment transport rates displayed distinct cycles, with CMP, PJZ, and DCW showing cycles of 51a, 53a, and 29a respectively. Additionally, while CMP and PJZ exhibited a continuous upward trend in sediment transport rates, DCW showed a consistent decline. The annual average sediment transport rates of CMP, PJZ, and DCW were 1305.43 kg/s, 810.06 kg/s, and 247.80 kg/s, respectively. These research findings contribute to enhancing the comprehension of sediment dynamics in the arid region of northwest China and offer a theoretical basis for the restoration and management of ecological environments in similar areas in the future.

Incidence and prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus in urban China, 2013–2017: A nationwide population-based study

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is becoming a growing public health concern due to increasing disease and economic burdens. Epidemiological information about SLE, especially its incidence rate, is limited in developing countries. In the current study, we sought to investigate the incidence, prevalence, and economic burdens of SLE in urban China. We conducted a nationwide population-based cohort study using databases from Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance and Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance between 2013 and 2017, covering approximately 300 million residents in 23 provincial regions in China. Incidence rate and prevalence were standardized by age and gender to China’s 2010 national census data. Additionally, we calculated the average annual costs and hospital visit rates. A total of 132,258 SLE patients were identified during the study period, with a mean age of 43.03 years (standard deviation: 15.29 years). Of these patients, 81.33% were women. In 2017, the standardized incidence rate of SLE in China was 14.09 (95% confidence interval (CI), 11.95–16.41) per 100,000 person-years, with a higher incidence in women than in men (26.41 vs. 5.92 per 100,000 person-years). Standardized prevalence in 2017 was 47.61 (41.77–53.83), 94.16 (80.67–108.69), and 17.86 (13.84–22.38) per 100,000 people in the overall, female, and male populations, respectively. The average annual rates of increase in prevalence were 21.50%, 19.72%, and 25.67% from 2013 to 2017 in the overall, female, and male populations, respectively. The age-specific incidence rates peaked at 30–49 years old in women and 40–59 years old in men. SLE incident and prevalent cases were most common in North-West China and less common in southern and eastern China. Distinct variations in incidence rates across different regions are also consistent with the varying levels of ultraviolet radiation exposure in China. Additionally, the average estimated annual per-capita cost was 1599.34 US dollars in SLE patients, with the highest costs observed in adolescent and young adult patients among different age groups. The SLE population in China is rapidly expanding, and younger at onset, especially in women, which has placed significant burdens on China’s healthcare system.

The FDI and Many Economical Sectors Impact (Oil, Non-Oil) on Bahrain GDP: (An Econometrics Study for Period 1990-2021)

Host countries work to attract foreign direct investment by creating an appropriate investment environment that meets the specifications required by multinational companies across continents, through which they seek to compensate for the deficit in local savings, as well as achieving a tangible increase in annual growth rates of the gross domestic product, as When multinational companies with experience and technology operate in host countries, they must train the local workforce in order to contribute to raising economic growth rates. The Kingdom of Bahrain has attracted foreign direct investment as a complement to local investment by transferring expertise and modern technology necessary to train and develop local cadres technically and technologically., Consequently, job opportunities increase, unemployment rates decrease, and production increases for the Kingdom of Bahrain, as Bahrain has entered the competition to attract foreign direct investment worldwide. Not only that, most of the investment is directed to important economic sectors such as the manufacturing and extractive industries sectors, and even part of the foreign trade sector, and therefore Their study of their impact on the gross domestic product and the analysis of economic relations shows the strength of both the effects of investment and economic sectors side by side in developing the Bahraini economy to keep pace with global changes in the field of energy and economic competition, despite the high progress in the field of investment at the international level that preceded it in this context., Since the investment coming into the Kingdom of Bahrain during the study period is low when compared with countries in the world that attract foreign direct investment, the research aims to measure the direct impact of foreign direct investment and some economic sectors on the gross domestic product using the Eviwes 12 program, and important results were obtained from the estimation.

Mapping and projections of obesity in the Brazilian adult population assisted in Primary Health Care: impact of the COVID-19 pandemic

Objective: To map the temporal evolution of overweight and obesity in Brazilian adults and estimate the prevalence of obesity for 2025 and 2030, evaluating the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Data were collected on the nutritional status of adults from 2008 to 2021 from the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN), from which we calculated the prevalence and average annual rates of the variation of overweight and obesity. The projection of obesity, using linear regression, was analyzed in three scenarios: PP: with data from the pre-pandemic period (2008- 2019); outlier: with adjustment of the data trend (2008-2021), including the pandemic period, considering a return of scenario PP for projections from 2022; P: adjustment of pandemic data (2019-2021) to estimate the projection. Result: In the period 2008– 2021, we observed an average annual rate of overweight increase of 0.48 %/year. The prevalence of obesity more than doubled during this period, from 14.5% in 2008 to 32.9% in 2021 (i.e., an increase of 1.42). In the outlier scenario, the prevalence projections for obesity are 38.8% and 45.5% for 2015 and 2030, respectively. In the PP scenario (without the pandemic), the expected prevalence for the same period would be approximately 36.8% and 43.4%, respectively. Conclusion: Obesity and overweight follow an increasing trend. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the increase in the prevalence of obesity in Brazil and impacted its projections for the coming years.

A Statistical Analysis and Strategic Recommendations on Global Educational Investment and Poverty Reduction

Purpose: This study examines the relationship between educational funding and poverty alleviation worldwide. By analyzing data from 1960 to 2023, encompassing 71 countries, it aims to understand how increasing educational investment impacts poverty rates. Methodology: The analysis utilized data from the World Bank’s World Development Indicators. Data cleaning was performed using Excel, while statistical analyses were conducted using Python’s sci-kit-learn, SciPy, NumPy, Matplotlib, and IBM’s SPSS. The methodologies included a normal model setup, Gaussian Process Regression (GPR), linear regression, hypothesis testing, and confidence interval computation to establish correlations and predict outcomes. Findings: The study discovered a negative correlation between education funding and poverty rates. Specifically, a 1% increase in educational spending as a percentage of GDP correlates with a 3.09% reduction in poverty rates. The 95% confidence interval of [-4.979, -1.201] and the hypothesis test with a p value of 0.002 on the slope of the regression line further reinforce the observed negative trend. GPR predictions indicate that the decrease in poverty rate changes from about 5% to 10% of population as educational funding rises from 0% to 1.5% of GDP. The likelihood of annual poverty rate increase stands at 40.46%, with a potential 0.4052% rise in such cases. Unique contribution to theory, practice, and policy: This study recommends progressive educational funding reforms, targeted tax credits for educational investments, and strategic educational programs aligned with labor market needs. Policy implications suggest a multilateral approach involving governments, corporations, and citizens to foster substantial improvements in education and poverty reduction efforts. These findings advocate for data-driven policy reforms to optimize the socio-economic benefits of educational funding globally.

Inflammation as a pathway for heavy metal-induced liver damage—Insights from a repeated-measures study in residents exposed to metals and bioinformatics analysis

BackgroundEpidemiological studies on heavy metal exposure and liver injury are predominantly cross-sectional, lacking longitudinal data and exploration of potential mechanisms. MethodWe conducted a repeated-measures study in Northeast China from 2016 to 2019, involving 322 participants. Linear mixed models (LMM) and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were employed to explore the associations between individual and mixed blood metal concentrations [chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), vanadium (V), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb)] and liver function biomarkers [alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLB), total protein (TP)]. Mediation and enrichment analyses were used to determine whether the inflammatory response is a critical pathway for heavy metal-induced liver damage. ResultWe obtained a total of 958 observations. The results from LMM and BKMR indicated significant associations between individual and mixed heavy metals and liver function biomarkers. Longitudinal analysis revealed associations between Cd and the annual increase rate of ALT (β = 2.61; 95% CI: 0.97, 4.26), the annual decrease rate of ALB (β = −0.21; 95% CI: −0.39, −0.03), Mn and the annual increase rate of GLB (β = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.72), and V and the annual decrease rate of ALB/GLB (β = −1.15; 95% CI: −2.00, −0.31). Mediation analysis showed that high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) mediated the associations between Cd and AST, TP, with mediation effects of 27.7% and 13.4%, respectively. Additionally, results from Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses supported the role of inflammatory response pathways. ConclusionOur findings indicate that heavy metal exposure leads to liver damage, with the inflammatory response potentially serving as a crucial pathway in this process. This study offers a novel perspective on understanding heavy metal-induced liver injury and provides insights for preventive measures against the health damage caused by heavy metals.