Increase In ALB Research Articles

Consistency Analysis of Rendement and Quality of CPO (Crude Palm Oil) Palm Oil Processing at PT. Agricinal North Bengkulu

The yield and quality of CPO is influenced by the condition of unripe and overripe FFB (fresh fruit bunches), which can cause an increase in ALB, water content and dirt content. The quality of CPO is also influenced by FFB from the community. Analysis of the consistency of the yield and quality of CPO was carried out due to the age of the plants that were too old and the performance of the factory machines decreased due to the age of the machines. Analysis of yield consistency and quality was carried out using statistical quality control methods, namely quality control using a statistical approach using control charts and causal diagrams. This study uses secondary data on the yield and quality of CPO for the past year (July 2021-June 2022). The research results show, there are data that are outside the upper control limit, yield in July 2021, free fatty acid content in May 2022 and dirt content in October 2021. While the water content is statistically controlled (in statistical control). The yield and quality of ALB are influenced by type of raw material, production capacity and oil losses. Moisture content and dirt content are affected by treatment of production process and machine conditions.

Effect of pentoxifylline on the dose of erythropoietin among hemodialysis patients: A double-blind randomized clinical trial

Introduction: It was suggested that pentoxifylline (PTX) might improve the response to recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) in anemic hemodialysis (HD) patients. However, there is no considerable evidence for it. We aimed to evaluate the effect of PTX on anemia and prescription of rhEPO dose in HD patients. Methods: This double-blind randomized clinical trial study was conducted on 57 HD patients (54.1 ± 13.8 years old and 52.6% of them were women). Patients were randomly categorized into 2 groups (27 PTX cases and control group with 30 cases). Hemoglobin (Hb), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and albumin (Alb) were measured before and after the study. Data were analyzed using SPSS, and p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Hb levels increased significantly after treatment in both groups (p<0.002). Although the mean Hb change in the PTX group was more but not significant (p=0.195). rhEPO dose decreased significantly after treatment in the PTX groups (11000.0 ± 3140.0 IU vs. 9100.0 ± 3400.0 IU, p=0.018) compared to the control (11130.0 ± 3180.0 IU vs. 10870.0 ± 3900.0 IU, p= 0.690). CRP levels significantly reduced only in the PTX group (22.8 ± 15.3 vs. 16.5 ± 9.5, p=0.005). Also, a significant increase in Alb was observed only in the PTX (3.9 ± 0.4 vs. 4.1 ± 0.3, p=0.031). Conclusion: Using the PTX may reduce the required rhEPO dose, so it could be used in the anemia treatment in HD patients. Although, as a therapeutic strategy in HD patients with anemia it is controversial. Due to the limitations of the studies in this field, further studies with more sample size are recommended.

Bioactive Feed Additive for the Prevention of Clostridial Disease in High-Yielding Dairy Cattle

The purpose of this research is to develop and test a new approach to prevent clostridial disease in cattle, based on the use of a new compound biologically active feed additive (BFA). Some properties of the separate components of BFA are characterized. The research showed that a strain of the bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens159 has an expressed antagonism to toxin-producing strains of C. perfringens. When using the test strains of C. perfringens from the ATCC collection (13,124 as type A, 10,543 as type C, 12,916 as type F), the anticlostridial activity of the tested strains varied, with size range of 14.0 ± 0.95–15.0 ± 1.28 mm of delayed growth zones. The bactericidal properties of lauric acid and the sorption properties of diatomaceous earth, included in BFA, were confirmed. The experiment was conducted on Holstein cows at the beginning of lactation (control, C (n = 15) vs. experimental E48 (n = 15), E80 (n = 15) and E112 (n = 15), 48, 80 and 112 g/head/day BFA, respectively. All cows were vaccinated with “Coglavax” (vaccine against bovine and sheep clostridial disease, Ceva-Phylaxia VeterinaryBiologicals, Hungary), reinjected two weeks before the experiment. At the end of the experiment (3.5 months after the vaccination and 3 months after the start of BFA feeding according to the scheme of the experiment), the immune response in the control and Group E48 to C. perfringens β-toxin remained at the initial level, while the response in Group E80 and Group E112 became higher under the influence of BFA feeding. Cows fed BFA saw a guaranteed improvement in non-specific resistance. The increase in serum lysozyme concentration in cows of Groups E was 1.01–2.91 mkg/mL vs. control (p < 0.001). TP, GLB, ALB/GLB vs. Groups C and E48 (p < 0.001); this stabilized and normalized while feeding Group E80 and E112 animals with BFA. They also had improved nitrogen, fat, mineral metabolism, as indicated by significant increase in ALB (p < 0.05), UREA (p < 0.01), CHOL (p < 0.01), and CHL (p < 0.01) vs. Groups C and E48. Consumption of BFA increased the amount of anti-oxidants in the blood (highest TAWSA values in Group E80 14.45 mg/g, p = 0.002). Serum TBA–AP/ CP ratio was directly related to TBA–AP (r = 0.87, p < 0.001), and decreased in Group E80. The milk productivity increased under the action of BFA; the average daily milk yield of the cows from the experimental groups for the period of the experiment (d0–d98) was 1.24–1.66 kg higher than that of the control. At the same time, Group E112 cows had a significant increase in milk yield (by 5.1%, p = 0.03 vs. Control). Thus, feeding BFA to dairy cows was found to improve resistance, prevent toxicoses and increase milk production of cattle, which can serve as an additional strategy for bioprotection of cattle against infection.

The impact of genetic groups (Alentejano and F1 Landrace x Large White pigs) and body weight (90, 120 and 160kg) on blood metabolites

This research work was carried out with the goal of studying the impact of genetic groups-GG (Alentejano-AL, n = 30, and F1 Landrace*Large White-F1 pigs, n = 30) and body weight-BW (90, 120 and 160 kg) on plasma metabolites. Blood parameters were correlated with animal production traits, carcass measurements and meat quality. Individual records for feed conversion index (CI) and daily feed intake were recorded on a weekly basis, for a period of 15 weeks. Compared to the F1, AL pigs displayed (P <0.05) higher average levels of glucose, total cholesterol-TC, triglycerides-TG, HDL-cholesterol (HDL), LDL-cholesterol (LDL) and total protein (TP), by about 14.0, 21.0, 42.2, 18.2, 21.2 and 5.0%, respectively. AL pigs (120–160 kg) showed higher TG levels, when compared to the values at 90 kg (2.6 and 1.6 times higher). High TG levels occurred when animals exhibited high daily feed intake (0.450 and 1.810 kg, for AL and F1 pigs). In the AL high TG levels were correlated with high fat deposition, at 120 kg (r = 0.51). At 90 kg, however, high fat deposition was related to HDL (r = 0.59), a lipoprotein associated to cholesterol transport. A progressive increase in ALB was found in the F1, as expected, but AL pigs showed higher and similar ALB means at 90, 120 and 160 kg. As for meat color, AL pigs with high cholesterol were negatively associated to L*, while high TG levels were associated to low b*. Animals with high ALB produced more tender meats (low shear force). Pigs with higher levels of lipid metabolism showed Longissimus thoracis muscles with decreased luminosity and yellowness (meats of a less attractive appearance). However, these meats were tenderer.

Effects of functional feeds on hematological and biochemical indicators of juvenile sea trout (Salmo trutta m. trutta L.)

Abstract The effects functional additives had on blood hematological and biochemical indicators of sea trout (body weight 74.6 g, standard length 17.2 cm) were studied. The fish were divided into four experimental groups. Two groups were fed experimental feeds (group TU basic feed; group TUB basic feed with Bioimmuno), and two groups were fed commercial feeds (group TB commercial feed; group TBF commercial feed with FOCUS Plus®). After 14 and 28 days of rearing (the end of the experiment) specimens were measured and blood was drawn from seven fish from each group for hematological and biochemical tests. No effects were confirmed on rearing parameters. After 14 days of rearing, decreased values of WBC, RBC, HGB, and HCT were noted in groups TU and TB, while after 28 days lower values of RBC and HCT persisted in these groups. Lower values of these parameters were also noted in group TUB. Increased ALP activity was noted in group TUB after 14 days, while in groups TU and TUB increased levels of TP and ALB were noted after 28 days. A significant increase in ALB was also noted in group TBF. The functional feeds positively affected the physiological state of the sea trout. The results indicated that it is necessary to conduct studies to determine the optimal dose of Bioimmuno for juvenile sea trout and the period during which functional feeds should be given.

Age-related variability of indicators of protein metabolism in the blood of laying hens

Proteins are one of the most important indicators of blood. More than 150 individual whey proteins are currently known. However, an idea of the protein spectrum of blood can also be obtained on the basis of the concentration of total protein, albumin, globulins, the value of the protein coefficient, and the nature of their ratio gives an idea of the direction of protein metabolism (anabolic or catabolic), since the specificity of metabolic processes determines the productivity of layers. The concentration of total protein in the blood of chickens did not depend on the age of the bird, namely the period of the reproductive period, and hence the level of egg production. It fluctuated at the level of 37.2-42.0 g / l. Albumin concentration significantly increased during oviposition from 17.51 ± 1.71 to 21.36 ± 2.09 g / L. At the same time, the percentage of albumin in the total protein concentration increased from 47.07 ± 1.27 (26 weeks of age) to 53.93 ± 1.33% (p≤0.05) (80 weeks of age). The amount of globulins in the blood of hens did not depend on the age and duration of the reproductive period, but had a tendency to decrease, which was the result of a gradual decrease in the defenses of the bird’s body. The resistance of the body of laying hens decreases to the greatest extent at the age of 80 weeks, which causes an increase in Alb / Gl - coefficient by 1.51 times (p≤0.05) compared to the beginning of oviposition. The concentration of urea in the body of hens steadily increased during oviposition from 2.76 ± 0.18 (26 weeks of age) to 4.03 ± 0.11 mmol / L (p≤0.05) (80 weeks of age). The uric acid content in the blood of laying hens did not depend on the age and duration of the reproductive period and varied in the range of 0.39 ± 0.007 - 0.43 ± 0.002 mmol / L.

Direct Effects of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Signaling on the Differentiation Fate of Fetal Hepatic Progenitor Cells

Aim: To investigate direct roles of TGF-β1 signaling in the differentiation process of fetal hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs). Materials & methods: Exogenous TGF-β1 and SB431542 were added into fetal HPCs. Then, SB431542 was intraperitoneally injected into pregnant mice for 8 days. Results: Fetal HPCs treated with TGF-β1 differentiated into cholangiocytes. However, hepatocyte marker was highly expressed after inhibiting TGF-β1 signaling. In vivo, hematopoietic cells were gradually replaced with liver cells and TGF-β1 expression was evidently decreased as fetal liver developed. Inhibition of TGF-β1 signaling caused increase of ALB+ cells, but CK19 expression was more obvious in control mice livers. Conclusion: TGF-β1 signaling may play decisive roles in fetal HPCs differentiation into functional hepatocytes or cholangiocytes.

Haptoglobin and serum amyloid A as putative biomarker candidates of naturally occurring bovine respiratory disease in dairy calves

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in dairy calves. Identification of reliable biomarkers of naturally occurring BRD is essential for ensuring early diagnosis and treatment of calves and monitoring treatment efficacy. This need is punctuated, especially in mild to moderate cases that would greatly help to decrease recurrence and the overall prevalence of BRD. The present study was conducted to investigate the changes in serum concentrations of haptoglobin (Hpt) and serum amyloid A (SAA) and association between oxidative stress and acute phase proteins (APPs) in BRD. Hpt and SAA levels significantly increased (P < .01) in BRD stressed calves as compared to healthy subjects. There was a significant decrease (P < .01) in serum albumin (Alb) concentration of infected calves as compared to controls. The oxidative stress markers revealed a significant (P < .01) increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO) and a concurrent decrease in activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (R-GSH) and catalase (CAT) in BRD. A significant correlation among APPs, extent of oxidative stress and clinical score (CS) of calves was depicted. A stepwise decrease in Hpt and SAA and increase in Alb was observed in infected calves post-treatment. These results suggest implication of oxidative stress in enhancing APPs and monitoring of APPs as a potential complement to clinical assessment of treatment in calves with naturally occurring BRD. Hpt may be useful as the most sensitive biomarker in BRD. However, the combined use of Hpt and oxidative stress biomarkers would greatly improve the diagnostic accuracy.

Body condition score at calving affects systemic and hepatic transcriptome indicators of inflammation and nutrient metabolism in grazing dairy cows

Calving body condition score (BCS) is an important determinant of early-lactation dry matter intake, milk yield, and disease incidence. The current study investigated the metabolic and molecular changes induced by the change in BCS. A group of cows of mixed age and breed were managed from the second half of the previous lactation to achieve mean group BCS (10-point scale) that were high (HBCS, 5.5; n=20), medium (MBCS, 4.5; n=18), or low (LBCS, 3.5; n=19). Blood was sampled at wk −4, −3, −2, 1, 3, 5, and 6 relative to parturition to measure biomarkers of energy balance, inflammation, and liver function. Liver was biopsied on wk 1, 3, and 5 relative to parturition, and 10 cows per BCS group were used for transcript profiling via quantitative PCR. Cows in HBCS and MBCS produced more milk and had greater concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate postpartum than LBCS. Peak concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate and greater hepatic triacylglycerol concentrations were recorded in HBCS at wk 3. Consistent with blood biomarkers, HBCS and MBCS had greater expression of genes associated with fatty acid oxidation (CPT1A, ACOX1), ketogenesis (HMGCS2), and hepatokines (FGF21, ANGPTL4), whereas HBCS had the lowest expression of APOB (lipoprotein transport). Greater expression during early lactation of BBOX1 in MBCS and LBCS suggested greater de novo carnitine synthesis. The greater BCS was associated with lower expression of growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling axis genes (GHR1A, IGF1, and IGFALS) and greater expression of gluconeogenic genes. These likely contributed to the higher milk production and greater gluconeogenesis. Despite greater serum haptoglobin around calving, cows in HBCS and MBCS had greater blood albumin. Cows in MBCS, however, had a higher albumin:globulin ratio, probably indicating a less pronounced inflammatory status and better liver function. The marked decrease in expression of NFKB1, STAT3, HP, and SAA3 coupled with the increase in ALB on wk 3 in MBCS cows were consistent with blood measures. Overall, results suggest that the greater milk production of cows with higher calving BCS is associated with a proinflammatory response without negatively affecting expression of genes related to metabolism and the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 axis. Results highlight the sensitivity of indicators of metabolic health and inflammatory state to subtle changes in calving BCS and, collectively, indicate a suboptimal health status in cows calving at either BCS 3.5 or 5.5 relative to BCS 4.5.

The use of canine‐specific albumin in dogs with septic peritonitis

To assess changes in serum albumin concentration (ALB), colloid osmotic pressure (COP), and Doppler blood pressure (DBP) following transfusion of 5% lyophilized canine-specific albumin (CSA) in hypoalbuminemic dogs following surgical source control for septic peritonitis. Prospective randomized clinical trial November 2009 - November 2010. University teaching hospital. Fourteen client-owned dogs with hypoalbuminemia (<27 g/L [2.7 g/dL]) following surgical source control for septic peritonitis. Dogs were randomized to clinician-directed therapy (CDT) and CSA groups. Dogs enrolled in the CSA group received 800 mg/kg of CSA within 24 hours following surgical intervention. At enrollment, ALB, COP, and DBP were not different between groups. ALB, COP, and DBP were significantly increased in the CSA group 2 hours following completion of the transfusion compared with the CDT group (P = 0.0234, 0.0078, 0.0156, respectively). In comparison to the CDT group, there was a significant change in ALB in the CSA group 24 hours after transfusion (P = 0.0039), but no difference in COP (P = 0.3914) or DBP (P = 0.5145). ALB was significantly higher in the CSA group at 24 hours compared with the CDT group (P = 0.0367) At the time of death or discharge, there was no difference between groups regarding ALB, COP, or DBP, but an association between ALB and survival was identified (P = 0.0273). One dog experienced tachypnea during transfusion of CSA; this dog died of unknown respiratory causes 120 hours after transfusion. The administration of CSA in dogs with septic peritonitis results in an increase in ALB, COP, and DBP 2 hours after administration. An increase in ALB persisted at 24 hours compared with a CDT group. Administration of this product was not associated with owner-reported delayed adverse events in this population of dogs.

The Role of Oxidative Stress in Anti-tumor Necrosis Factor Antibody Treatment in Crohn´s Disease

Administration of anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha antibodies [anti-TNF]-alpha represents a therapeutic approach aimed to diminish the effects of tumor necrosis factor [TNF]- alpha in Crohn's disease [CD]. Blockade of its action should be related to various changes including those in immune and inflammatory response. There is a growing body of experimental data to suggest that the chronically inflamed intestine may be subjected to considerable oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to study the impact of therapy with anti-TNF [infliximab] on Crohn's disease activity index [CDAI], markers of inflammatory activity and oxidative stress. Fourteen patients with active CD received 5mg/kg of infliximab in a single intravenous infusion. CDAI, erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR], C-reactive protein [CRP], fibrinogen [FBG], alpha-1 antitrypsin [AAT], albumin [ALB], ceruloplasmin apoprotein [CP], ferroxidase activity of CP [FOACP], specific enzymatic activity of CP [SEACP] and conjugated dienes [DIE] were determined before treatment in month 0 [M 0], in 1st control period in month 1 [M 1] and in 2nd control period in month 5 [M 5] after treatment. In clinical activity a sustained significant decrease in CDAI was observed, with a significant drop in M 1, remaining in M 5. A significant decrease in ESR in M 1, accompanied by insignificantly reduced levels of CRP and FBG was present. During the further follow up in M 5 a slight increase of ESR, CRP and FBG was noticed. A significant decrease of AAT in M 1 was present; this decrease was followed by a significant increase in M 5. Ceruloplasmin apoprotein levels dropped in M 1, with further slight insignificant increase in M 5. A significant increase of ALB sustaining in M 5 was present. The levels of DIE slightly decreased in M 1 and significantly in M 5, together with the slight increase of the FOACP and SEACP in M 1 and significant increase in M 5. We conclude, that oxidative stress may be important in the pathogenesis and perpetuation of tissue injury in CD patients. The decreasing levels of DIE together with the increase of the FOCP and SEACP after infliximab treatment together with changes of markers of inflammatory activity, can participate in the improvement of clinical status of patients with CD.

Antiviral treatment in patients with decompensated cirrhosis related to hepatitis B with different levels of HBV-DNA loads

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of nueleoside(s)analog in patients with decompensated cirrhosis related to hepatitis B virus with different levels of HBV-DNA loads.Methods One hundred and forty-three patients with decompensated cirrhosis of hepatitis B vires infection were divided into low10e5copies/mL)(97cases).21 cases in low-level group and 52 cases in high-level group were treated with nucleoside(s)analog and liver protective drugs as treatment group,other 25 cases in low-level group and 47 cases in high-level group were treated with liver protective drugs as control group.Supportive treatment and symptomatic treatment were given in four groups.Results In low-level HBV DNA patients,the decrease of AST,the increase of ALB and CHE and the loss of HBV-DNA in treatment group were significant higher than that in control group at week 48(P<0.05).In the high-level HBV-DNA patients,the decrease of AST,ALT and TBil and the increase of ALB and CHE,the loss of HBV-DNA and HBeAg wag higher in treatment group than that in control group(P<0.05).Conclusion nucleoside analog therapy could improve the liver function and slow down the progress of the disease in patients with decompensated HBV cirrhosis with different levels of HBV-DNA load. Key words: HBV-DNA; Hepatitis B virus; Decompensated cirrhosis; Nucleoside analog

Urinary excretion of some proteins and enzymes during normal pregnancy.

Total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), transferrin (TRF), retinol-binding protein (RPB), N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG), alanine aminopeptidase (AAP), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and creatinine (Cr) were measured in random (untimed) urine samples from 29 nonpregnant women and from pregnant subjects (11 in the first trimester, 34 in the second, and 37 in the third). The excretion of TP, Alb, TRF, NAG, and AAP (relative to creatinine) and the RBP concentration were all higher (P less than or equal to 0.05) in the second and third trimesters compared with values for the nonpregnant controls. The GGT/Cr ratio was significantly higher only in the third trimester. The increase in low-molecular-mass proteins and tubular enzymes suggests that at least part of the increase in Alb, TRF, and TP results from decreased tubular reabsorption. We conclude that excretion of both high- and low-molecular-mass proteins is increased during pregnancy.

Surgical Operation as Stress and its Influence on Electrophoretic Pattern of Blood Plasma Proteins

Changes in electrophoretic pattern of plasma proteins were studied in 11 cases of thracoplastik operations from the standpoint of regarding surgical operation as a stress. In addition, some indexes for adaptation responses (Ogawa's colloid reaction, Urinary glucose-total-reduction-power-ratio, etc.), changes of peripheral blood pictures, nitrogen excretion, and nitrogen balance were also studied.The changes in plasma proteins were classified into the following three groups;A: in which A/G was normal before operation, whereas decrease in Alb. and increase in total Glob. was obserdev after surgical operation.B: in which A/G was very low before operation, whereas increase in Alb. and decrease in total Glob. was observed after operation.C: in which A/G was low before operation, whereas decrease in both Alb. and total Glob. was observed after operation.In all cases, however, it was noted that the percentage of γ-Glob-fraction was definitely lowered, suggesting a_ catabolic effect by the surgical operation. These changes became maximum at the third day following the operation, when the changes in peripheral blood picture and all indexes of adaptation responses were already on the road of recovery while the urinary excretion of nitrogen and the negative nitrogen balance were at the highest levels.