Increased Grip Strength Research Articles

Dexmedetomidine promotes the functional recovery of mice after acute ischemic stroke via activation of the a2-adrenoceptor.

Ischemic stroke (IS) is a well-known acute cerebrovascular disease characterized by high disability, morbidity, and recurrence rates with no effective treatments. Dexmedetomidine (DEX), a selective a2-adrenoceptor agonist used in anaesthesiology and pain management, has been found to exhibit neuroprotective effects in various diseases. However, its role in IS and the underlying mechanisms remains to be determined. Hence, the aim of the present study was to investigate the neuroprotective role of DEX in the recovery of mice following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Mice were used to establish the animal model, and then DEX was injected. Behavioural tests (neurological function assessments, grip test, and rotarod test), brain water content measurement, ELISA, and measurement of oxidative stress were performed. DEX activated a2-adrenoceptor and resulted in reduced brain injury, as indicated by the decreased brain water content, S100 Calcium Binding Protein B (S100B) content, and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) content, whilst also inhibiting oxidative stress, as indicated by the increased total antioxidant capacity, catalase, glutathione, and superoxide dismutase levels, and decreased malondialdehyde and glutathione oxidized levels. Neuroinflammation was also reduced as indicated by the decrease in IFN-g, IL-1a, IL-1b, IL-6, TNF-a, and MMP levels, improved the recovery of neurological function, as indicated by the decreased neurological function score and mNSS, and increased grip strength and rotarod performance in MCAO mice. These combined results suggest that DEX may be a novel strategy for the treatment of IS.

C188-9, a specific inhibitor of STAT3 signaling, prevents thermal burn-induced skeletal muscle wasting in mice.

Burn injury is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide and places a tremendous economic burden on society. Systemic inflammatory responses induced by thermal burn injury can cause muscle wasting, a severe involuntary loss of skeletal muscle that adversely affects the survival and functional outcomes of these patients. Currently, no pharmacological interventions are available for the treatment of thermal burn-induced skeletal muscle wasting. Elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), are important hallmarks of severe burn injury. The levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)-a downstream component of IL-6 inflammatory signaling-are elevated with muscle wasting in various pro-catabolic conditions, and STAT3 has been implicated in the regulation of skeletal muscle atrophy. Here, we tested the effects of the STAT3-specific signaling inhibitor C188-9 on thermal burn injury-induced skeletal muscle wasting in vivo and on C2C12 myotube atrophy in vitro after the administration of plasma from burn model mice. In mice, thermal burn injury severity dependently increased IL-6 in the plasma and tibialis anterior muscles and activated the STAT3 (increased ratio of phospho-STAT3/STAT3) and ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathways (increased Atrogin-1/MAFbx and MuRF1). These effects resulted in skeletal muscle atrophy and reduced grip strength. In murine C2C12 myotubes, plasma from burn mice activated the same inflammatory and proteolytic pathways, leading to myotube atrophy. In mice with burn injury, the intraperitoneal injection of C188-9 (50mg/kg) reduced activation of the STAT3 and ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathways, reversed skeletal muscle atrophy, and increased grip strength. Similarly, pretreatment of murine C2C12 myotubes with C188-9 (10µM) reduced activation of the same inflammatory and proteolytic pathways, and ameliorated myotube atrophy induced by plasma taken from burn model mice. Collectively, these results indicate that pharmacological inhibition of STAT3 signaling may be a novel therapeutic strategy for thermal burn-induced skeletal muscle wasting.

Safety and Efficacy of Edaravone in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

The efficacy and safety of edaravone for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) remain unclear. The aim of this meta-analysis was toprovide evidence-based medical guidance and advice for the clinical application of edaravone in the treatment of ALS. PubMed, Embase, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched through 09 March 2022 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the safety and efficacy of edaravone versus placebo during follow-up of patients with ALS. A summary of the outcome measures with GRADE was performed. This study was registered on PROSPERO (ID: CRD 42022319997). Five RCTs with a total of 566 participants were included, and there was a significant difference (mean difference [MD] 1.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.33-2.34; p=0.009) in the Revised Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R) score between the treatment and placebo groups. The edaravone group had an increased grip strength (MD 0.26, 95% CI 0.03-0.49; p=0.03) and modified Norris Scale score (MD 2.81, 95% CI 1.18-4.43; p=0.0007). However, there were no significant differences between groups for the change in forced vital capacity (FVC)% (MD 0.55, 95% CI -3.15 to 4.24; p=0.77), pinch strength (MD 0.05, 95% CI -0.05 to 0.16; p=0.33) or Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Assessment Questionnaire (ALSAQ-40) score (MD -4.76, 95% CI -9.56 to 0.03; p=0.05). The incidence of adverse events (AEs) (risk ratio [RR] 0.09, 95% CI 0.93-1.05; p=0.65), serious adverse events (SAEs) (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.52-1.00; p=0.05) and the number of deaths (risk difference [RD] 0.00, 95% CI -0.02 to 0.03; p=0.83) were not statistically different from the placebo group. The quality of evidence was low only for SAEs, and the remaining outcome measures were of moderate quality. Compared with placebo, edaravone may provide potential clinical benefits in the treatment of ALS and may not increase the number of AEs and deaths. However, due to the low-quality evidence of the included studies and the small sample size, more high-quality and high-standard research evidence is needed to confirm these results. This study was registered on PROSPERO (ID: CRD 42022319997).

Ancestral radiation of paenungulate mammals (Paenungulatomorpha)—new evidence from the Paleocene of Morocco

ABSTRACT Reported here is the discovery of a new mammal from the middle Paleocene of the Ouled Abdoun phosphate basin, Morocco. Hadrogeneios phosphaticus, gen. et sp. nov., is described based on dental and gnathic specimens. Comparative dental anatomy and CT scan observations support stem relationships to paenungulates. The cladistic analysis relates Hadrogeneios to paenungulatomorphs, especially based on the shared morphotypic condition of a dilambdodont ectoloph linked to inflated stylar cusps. Within the Paenungulatomorpha, Hadrogeneios is plesiomorphic not only with respect to crown paenungulates, but also to Abdounodus and Ocepeia, making it the basalmost known paenungulatomorph. Hadrogeneios, on the other hand, displays a peculiarly specialized mandibular symphyseal region (mentum), which is enlarged and raised high above the cheek teeth, and bears at its apex small incisors that are innervated and vascularized by a peculiar long and thin dorsal canaliculus. This is tentatively interpreted as a plier-like dental apparatus specialized for enhanced oral gripping function of the food, with increasing grip strength or enhanced grip precision. A composite reconstruction of the lower jaw of Hadrogeneios phosphaticus, based on 3D modeling from CT scans, is provided. Hadrogeneios, Abdounodus, and Ocepeia, all from the same Ouled Abdoun Paleocene phosphate levels, are the very rare witnesses of the first evolution and diversification of the endemic African ungulates phylogenetically preceding the modern paenungulate orders.

Panax notoginseng saponins alleviates inflammation induced by microglial activation and protects against ischemic brain injury via inhibiting HIF-1α/PKM2/STAT3 signaling

Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS), the main active ingredient of herbal medicine Panax notoginseng, has been generally applied for the therapy of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, especially for stroke. It is believed that PNS has obvious anti-inflammatory effect, however, the roles of PNS on microglia after stroke have not been completely explored and the underlying mechanism of microglia-mediated inflammation remains to be clarified. In this study, cerebral ischemia injury was induced by photothrombotic (PT) stroke in mice. Two days after operation, PNS administration alleviated ischemic brain injury by increasing grip strength, relieving neurological deficits, improving local cerebral blood flow, and reducing pathological damage in the brain cortex and hippocampus. Moreover, microglial activation occurred in the acute stage after stroke and mediated inflammation, whereas PNS administration could inhibit microglial activation and inflammation. Meanwhile, we firstly demonstrated that PKM2 expression was upregulated in the nucleus of activated microglia after stroke, which could be inhibited after PNS administration. We hypothesized that suppression of nuclear PKM2 upregulation in microglia along with downregulation of HIF-1α/PKM2/STAT3 signaling could partially underlie the potential anti-inflammatory mechanism of PNS against ischemic brain injury. Our findings offer some new standpoints about PNS against microglia-mediated inflammation after stroke. Despite strengths, this study has limitation. PKM2 is not specifically expressed by microglia, but could be expressed by neurons, vascular endothelial cells, etc. Here we only explored the effect of PKM2 on activated microglia, and we would further investigate the impact of PKM2 expressed in other cells on stroke outcome in the future.

Effects of WB-EMS and protein supplementation on body composition, physical function, metabolism and inflammatory biomarkers in middle-aged and elderly patients with sarcopenic obesity: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

The patients with sarcopenic obesity (SO) have the characteristics of both sarcopenia and obesity, that is, less muscle mass and increased fat mass, and their morbidity, disability and mortality are higher than patients with sarcopenia or obesity alone. To investigate the effects of whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) training and protein supplementation intervention on body composition, physical function, metabolism and inflammatory biomarkers in middle-aged and elderly patients with SO. We searched for randomized controlled trials in seven databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, SinoMed, and CNKI as of July 3, 2021. The methodological quality of each included study was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3. Eleven randomized controlled studies with a total of 779 participants were included in this meta-analysis. WB-EMS training improved sarcopenia Z-score (MD=-1.52, 95% CI: -2.27, -0.77, P<0.0001) and waist circumference (WC) (MD=-1.41, 95% CI: -2.62, -0.20, P=0.02), and increased skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) (MD=1.27, 95% CI: 0.66,1.88, P<0.0001) and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM) (MD=0.68, 95% CI: 0.08, 1.27, P=0.03). Protein supplementation intervention reduced body fat rate (BF%) (MD=-1.28, 95% CI: -1.88, -0.68, P<0.0001, I2=0%), total body fat (TBF) (MD=-0.98, 95% CI: -1.65, -0.31, P=0.004, I2=0%) and trunk body fat mass (TBFM) (MD=-0.50, 95% CI: -0.94, -0.06, P=0.03, I2=0%), and increased grip strength (GS) (MD=1.13, 95% CI: 0.06, 2.21, P=0.04, I2=0%). The combination of WB-EMS and protein supplements is beneficial to most body components and physical functions, such as SMI (MD=1.21, 95% CI: 0.73, 1.51, P<0.00001, I2=0%), GS (MD=1.60, 95% CI: 0.80, 2.40, P<0.0001, I2=45%) and walking speed (WS) (MD=0.04, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.06, P<0.0001, I2=49%). Compared with protein supplementation alone, WB-EMS could have an additional beneficial effect on BF% (MD=-0.92, 95% CI: -1.80, -0.04, P=0.04) and WC (MD=-1.03, 95% CI: -1.70, -0.36, P=0.003). Nevertheless, the addition of protein supplements did not provide any additional benefit compared with WB-EMS alone. In addition, there was almost no positive effect of WB-EMS and protein supplements on metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers. As things stand, protein supplementation intervention can effectively reduce body fat percentage, fat mass, and increase grip strength in SO patients. Both WB-EMS and protein supplementation intervention had no significant effects on metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers. WB-EMS combined with protein supplementation intervention was beneficial for SO patients in many ways. Due to the small number of studies, further studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of WB-EMS alone or in combination with protein supplementation intervention in SO patients. INPLASY202190096 DOI:10.37766/inplasy2021.9.0096.

Disruption of Growth Hormone Receptor in Adipocytes Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Lifespan in Mice.

Growth hormone receptor knockout (GHRKO) mice have been used for 25 years to uncover some of the many actions of growth hormone (GH). Since they are extremely long-lived with enhanced insulin sensitivity and protected from multiple age-related diseases, they are often used to study healthy aging. To determine the effect that adipose tissue has on the GHRKO phenotype, our laboratory recently created and characterized adipocyte-specific GHRKO (AdGHRKO) mice, which have increased adiposity but appear healthy with enhanced insulin sensitivity. To test the hypothesis that removal of GH action in adipocytes might partially replicate the increased lifespan and healthspan observed in global GHRKO mice, we assessed adiposity, cytokines/adipokines, glucose homeostasis, frailty, and lifespan in aging AdGHRKO mice of both sexes. Our results show that disrupting the GH receptor gene in adipocytes improved insulin sensitivity at advanced age and increased lifespan in male AdGHRKO mice. AdGHRKO mice also exhibited increased fat mass, reduced circulating levels of insulin, c-peptide, adiponectin, resistin, and improved frailty scores with increased grip strength at advanced ages. Comparison of published mean lifespan data from GHRKO mice to that from AdGHRKO and muscle-specific GHRKO mice suggests that approximately 23% of lifespan extension in male GHRKO is due to GHR disruption in adipocytes vs approximately 19% in muscle. Females benefited less from GHR disruption in these 2 tissues with approximately 19% and approximately 0%, respectively. These data indicate that removal of GH's action, even in a single tissue, is sufficient for observable health benefits that promote long-term health, reduce frailty, and increase longevity.

Percutaneous microtenotomy using a microdebrider coblation wand for the treatment of lateral epicondylitis: A systematic review.

Background:Lateral epicondylitis is one of the most common causes of elbow pain. Most patients recover with conservative treatments; however, some patients require surgical intervention. There are 3 common procedures offered: open tenotomy, arthroscopic tenotomy, and percutaneous microtenotomy. In comparison, percutaneous microtenotomy has been proven as a less invasive procedure to treat lateral epicondylitis. We reviewed the literature on the safety and efficacy of using a microdebrider coblation wand to treat lateral epicondylitis, and we compared its outcomes to open and arthroscopic tenotomy.Methods:A search was completed through PubMed Central, Google Scholar, EBSCO host, and Embase for studies that performed percutaneous microtenotomy with a microdebrider coblation wand to treat lateral epicondylitis. Studies were then screened to determine if they met inclusion and exclusion criteria and were reviewed for data analysis and potential risks of bias.Results:A total of 27 articles were identified and 9 articles (eight studies) met the inclusion criteria. Small sample sizes in the studies and heterogeneity of the methodology limited the capacity to carry out a meta-analysis. Percutaneous microtenotomy outcomes seem to be favorable for reduced pain, increased grip strength, and improved functional outcomes, which were similar to outcomes reported with the other surgical techniques. There were no major adverse events reported in the studies secondary to the use of the microdebrider coblation wand. Procedure time and return to daily activities were shorter for the microtenotomy group.Conclusion:Percutaneous microtenotomy performed with a microdebrider coblation seems to be an effective treatment for lateral epicondylitis that provides similar outcomes to the surgical techniques with a lower rate of complications.

Corrective Osteotomy with Volar and Dorsal Fixation for Malunion of Intra-Articular Fracture of the Distal Radius: A Retrospective Study.

ObjectivesAlthough corrective osteotomy with volar or dorsal plate fixation can treat malunion of distal radius fractures, each has its own disadvantages. Little is currently known on whether dorsal fixation combined with volar fixation may further improve recovery. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical value of corrective osteotomy combined with volar and dorsal plate fixation in patients with malunion of intra‐articular fractures of the distal radius.MethodsSeventeen patients with malunion of intra‐articular fractures of the distal radius treated with corrective osteotomy with volar and dorsal plate fixation from 1 January 2016 to 31 November 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The enrolled patients included seven males and 10 females with an average age of 54.9 years (range: 36–70 years). The radiographic parameters, including the radial length, the radial inclination angle, the ulnar variance, and the volar tilt, as well as clinical outcomes, including wrist and forearm range of motion (ROM), grip strength, the Mayo Modified Wrist Score (MMWS), and the disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score, were examined at 3 months and 18 months after operation and compared with the preoperative state. The paired t‐test was used for statistical analysis.ResultsAfter corrective osteotomy combined with volar and dorsal plate fixation, all included patients were followed up for 18 months, and there was no surgical site infection. Patients reported postoperative pain due to the irritation of extensor tendon (two cases) and wrist arthritis (two cases). The radial length increased from 1.34 ± 2.34 mm to 9.25 ± 2.65 mm and 9.03 ± 2.47 mm at 3 months and 18 months postoperatively (t = 8.257, 7.954, all p < 0.05). The radial inclination angle increased from 6.45° ± 0.76° to 19.35° ± 3.43° and 19.03° ± 3.63° at 3 and 18 months (t = 12.517, 12.122, all p < 0.05). The ulnar variance decreased from 5.11 ± 0.23 mm to 1.32 ± 0.31 mm and 1.54 ± 0.62 mm at 3 and 18 months (t = 4.214, 4.895, all p < 0.05). The volar tilt was corrected from 4.47° ± 3.46° to 15.51° ± 2.72° and 14.12° ± 2.41°, respectively (t = 11.247, 10.432, all p < 0.05). Moreover, wrist ROM increased from 42.53° ± 8.99° to 98.70° ± 7.61° and 101.24° ± 7.66° (t = 41.433, 46.627, all p < 0.05), while forearm ROM was increased from 94.82° ± 6.54° to 134.47° ± 5.06° and 137.24° ± 5.52°, respectively (t = 31.507, 32.584, all p < 0.05). Similarly, grip strength, MMWS, and DASH were also remarkably improved. There were no significant differences in the wrist and forearm ROM, grip strength, MMWS, and DASH scores between follow‐up at 3 and 18 months (all p > 0.05).ConclusionsCorrective osteotomy with volar and dorsal fixation can improve recovery of volar tilt, relieve wrist pain, restore wrist and forearm function, and increase grip strength of patients with malunion of intra‐articular fractures of the distal radius.

Effectiveness of high intensity laser therapy on pain, grip strength and median nerve conductivity in pregnant women with carpal tunnel syndrome: A randomized controlled trial

Study designSingle-blind randomized controlled trial. IntroductionHigh-intensity laser therapy (HILT) was recently introduced to the physiotherapy field as a treatment option for patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). However, evidence about its effectiveness on pregnant women with CTS is sparse. Purpose of studyTo test the effectiveness of HILT combined with a conventional physical therapy program to reduce pain intensity, sensory and motor nerve distal latency, and increase grip strength in pregnant women with CTS compared with the physical therapy alone. MethodsFifty-four pregnant women with mild to moderate CTS were randomized and further allocated into two groups. The HILT group (n = 27) received both HILT and conventional physical therapy, and the control group (n = 27) received only physical therapy, including nerve and tendon gliding exercises and the use of an orthotic device. Participants received the interventions at the University Hospital (omitted for review) three times per week for 5 weeks. An 11-points numerical pain rating scale, electromyography, and a handheld dynamometer were used for data collection before and after the treatment. ResultsParticipants from both groups presented significant improvement in the median nerve motor nerve distal latency (MNDL), sensory nerve distal latency, numerical pain rating scale, and handgrip strength after the intervention. The between-group difference showed more improvements in participants of the HILT group on reducing pain intensity, mean difference (MD) = -3.11 (-4.1 to 2.1), and sensory nerve distal latency, MD = -0.3 (-0.5 to -0.1) compared with the control group. DiscussionHILT produced greater improvement in outcomes of pregnant women with mild to moderate CTS whichsuggests that adding HILT to traditional CTS physical therapy protocol is beneficial and safe. ConclusionsHigh-intensity laser therapy combined with a standard physical therapy program for CTS in pregnant women is better than the physical therapy program alone to improve pain intensity and median nerve sensory distal latency.

Perbedaan Pengaruh Latihan Handgrip &amp; Dumbell Terhadap Peningkatan Kekuatan Genggaman Jari Pada Pemain Bulu Tangkis

This study was to determine the effect of handgrip and dumbbell exercises on increasing grip strength in badminton players. This type of research is quantitative research with experimental methods and the non-equivalent group design method. The sample of this study amounted to 20 respondents who were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 was given a handgrip exercise and group 2 was given a dumbbell exercise. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. The data analysis method used prerequisite test (normality test and homogeneity test) and hypothesis test using t test. Based on the results of the study, the average value of measurements before handgrip exercise was 33.19 and after handgrip exercise, the average value was 36.2 with an increase in value of 3.01. In the group that was given dumbbell training, before being given the exercise, the average value was 36.4 and after the exercise, the average value was 38.53 so that the average increased by 2.13. the results obtained tcount -1.1428 &lt; ttable 1.8124 with an increase in the value of the exercise score before and after exercise in the handgrip group of 3.01 and in the dumbbell group of 2.13 so it was concluded that there was an insignificant effect between the group given the handrip exercise. as well as the group that was given dumbbell exercises. Handgrip exercises and dumbbell exercises have an effect on increasing the finger grip strength of badminton players

Abstract 3852: The chemokine C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2) plays an important role in skeletal muscle wasting associated with breast cancer progression

Abstract Up to 45% of breast cancer patients experience a condition called Skeletal Muscle Wasting (SMW). SMW causes significant progressive muscle loss, weakness, and fatigue. SMW in patients adversely affects quality of life during and results in a severely reduced ability of patients to tolerate chemotherapeutic drugs. Chemotherapy itself also exacerbates SMW in patients. There are currently no effective therapies for SMW. This condition is rarely reported in patient records and is often overlooked in patients with a high body mass index. Although this condition is associated with significantly lower survival rates compared to patients with relatively normal muscle mass, we do not yet understand the molecular mechanism by which it occurs in breast cancer patients. In this study, we investigate the role that CCL2 plays in breast cancer and chemotherapy induced SMW. CCL2 is a chemokine that regulates recruitment of immune cells to sites of injury and inflammation. CCL2 is overexpressed in breast cancer and SMW has been linked to elevated levels of CCL2. CCL2 overexpression is also associated with high mortality rates in breast cancer patients. To investigate the role of CCL2 in muscle wasting we treated C2C12 mouse muscle cells with increasing concentrations of CCL2. This led to increased expression of markers of muscle degradation, MuRF-1 and Atrogin-1, with reduced muscle cell proliferation and muscle cell size. This indicates that high levels of CCL2 cause muscle degradation. Using an MDA-MB-231 model of breast cancer, we show that CCL2 knockdown in the primary breast tumor decreases the expression of muscle degradation markers. Further experiments using the 4T1 mammary tumor model show that mice in which CCL2 was knocked down exhibited greater grip strength than those mice in which CCL2 levels remained unaltered. Therefore, CCL2 knockdown reduces muscle degradation and increases grip strength in a mouse model of breast cancer. We also investigated the effect of chemotherapy on SMW. Preliminary in vitro data shows increased expression of CCL2 in response to chemotherapy treatment, while in vivo experiments using the 4T1 breast tumor model indicate that chemotherapeutic treatment also significantly reduces grip strength in mice. Our findings suggest that we can improve patient survival rates and quality of life by developing therapies to combat muscle loss during and after treatment. Understanding the mechanism of muscle wasting is necessary to provide insight into novel, targeted therapeutics to reduce SMW and enhance effectiveness of anti-cancer drugs. Citation Format: Nadia Alissa, Wei Bin Fang, Gage Brummer, Marcela Mitchell, John Thyfault, Paige Geiger, Nikki Cheng. The chemokine C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2) plays an important role in skeletal muscle wasting associated with breast cancer progression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3852.

MODIFIKASI ALAT KEKUTAN GRIP PADA ATLET ANGKAT BERAT

This study aims to modify the grip strength of heavy lifters to improve grip strength during deadlift training so that weight lifters can increase grip strength and make it easier for coaches to train. This research is a research development or Research and Development (R&amp;D). This research was conducted in several steps, namely: potentials and problems, data collection, product design, design validation, product trials, product revisions, usage trials. Modification of the grip strength equipment in weight lifters was first validated by material experts, practice experts, 9 respondents as product trials and 12 respondents as product trials. The results of this study are suitable for use as a grip strength training tool in weight lifters. This is seen from material experts 92% and practice experts 90% as well as product trials on a scale of 58.78% and large-scale trials of 88.70%. Thus it can be said that the modification of the grip strength device in lifters is declared feasible to be used as an exercise aid.Keywords: Power Tool Modification, Grip, Weight Lifter

제2형 당뇨 노인의 심혈관대사위험과 복부비만도 및 상대악력의 관계 분석

This study was to examine the independent and combined association of abdominal obesity and relative handgrip strength levels with increased cardiometabolic risk facotrs in type 2 diabetes elderly. The data from the 2016-2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHANES) were used. The subjects were 1,085 type 2 diabetes patients aged 65 to 79 years. Subjects were classified as Low WHtR & low relative HGS group, Low WHtR & high relative HGS group, High WHtR & low relative HGS group and High WHtR & high relative HGS group based on WHtR and relative HGS levels. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to determine the odds ratiod (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of cardiometabolic risk for having abdominal obesity and relative HGS levels. As a result of the analysis, after adjustment for age, weight, body mass index, alchol, smoking, and aerobic physical activity, only the High WHtR & low relative HGS group showed an increased(OR=1.695; 95% CI, 1.108-2.593) risk of exposure to cardiometabolic risk than the low WHtR & high relative HGS group. The results of this study suggest that the combined role of reducing abdominal obesity and increasing grip strength in the elderly with type 2 diabetes is more important in reducing the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases than their independent roles.

Factors Affecting Functional Recovery After Volar Locking Plate Fixation for Distal Radius Fractures.

There is still no certainty about factors delaying functional recovery after surgery, although volar locking plate (VLP) fixation is the mainstay of treatment for distal radius fractures (DRFs), and several good postoperative recoveries have been reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors affecting functional recovery after VLP fixation for DRF. The subjects included 104 patients (84 females, 20 males, mean age: 63.2 ± 13.8 years) treated with VLP fixation for DRF, who could be followed for 1 year. The Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) score, grip strength, and range of motion of the wrist joint were measured at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively, and the primary outcome was the QuickDASH score. A multiple regression analysis adjusted for age and sex was used to analyze factors affecting functional recovery at 12 months. A multiple regression analysis showed that the factors that significantly influenced the QuickDASH score at 1 year postoperatively were the grip strength ratio to the uninjured side, dominancy of the injured hand, and postoperative ulnar variance, in descending order of involvement. Trauma energy, history of diabetes, fracture type, complications, and range of motion were not included in the model. Smaller grip strength, dominant-hand injury, and larger postoperative ulnar variance significantly worsened the QuickDASH score at 1 year postoperatively. In order to achieve satisfactory functional recovery at 1 year after surgery, we confirmed that it is important to surgically achieve smaller postoperative ulnar variance and increase grip strength.

Codonopsis lanceolata and its active component Tangshenoside I ameliorate skeletal muscle atrophy via regulating the PI3K/Akt and SIRT1/PGC-1α pathways

Background: Skeletal muscle atrophy is caused by aging, disuse, malnutrition, and several diseases. However, there are still no effective drugs or treatments for muscle atrophy. Codonopsis lanceolata (CL), a traditional medicinal plant and food, has been reported to have anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-obesity effects.Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and active component of CL on muscle atrophy in vitro and to confirm the effect of CL and its active component on muscle atrophy and the underlying molecular mechanisms in vivo.Study: design/Methods This study used the dexamethasone (Dex)-induced muscle atrophy C2C12 myotube model and immobilization (IM)-induced muscle atrophy C57BL/6 mice model. In vitro study, the myotube diameter was measured. In vivo study, the grip strength, muscle mass (quadriceps, gastrocnemius, and soleus) and muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) was measured. Western blot analysis and qRT-PCR were performed to confirm the underlying molecular mechanismsResults:In vitro study, CL and its main component, Tangshenoside I (TSI), effectively restored C2C12 myotube diameters decreased by Dex. Surprisingly, TSI was identified as the active component responsible for the overall efficacy of CL on muscle atrophy. In vivo study, CL and TSI, dose-dependently increased grip strength, mass muscle, and muscle fiber CSA reduced by IM. In the molecular mechanism studies, CL and TSI increased muscle protein synthesis via activating the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway and decreased muscle protein degradation via inhibiting the muscle ring finger-1 (MuRF1) and muscle atrophy F-box protein (Atrogin-1) expressions. It also upregulated mitochondrial biogenesis via the silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1)/ peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) pathway.Conclusion: This study suggests that CL and its active component, TSI, can be potential drug candidates for the prevention and treatment of muscle atrophy.

Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum Suppresses the Development of Sarcopenic Obesity.

Partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) is a soluble dietary fiber derived through controlled enzymatic hydrolysis of guar gum, a highly viscous galactomannan derived from the seeds of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba. Here, we examined the therapeutic potential of dietary supplementation with PHGG against sarcopenic obesity using Db/Db mice. Db/Db mice fed a normal diet alone or a fiber-free diet, or supplemented with a diet containing PHGG (5%), were examined. PHGG increased grip strength and the weight of skeletal muscles. PHGG increased the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration in feces and sera. Concerning innate immunity, PHGG decreased the ratio of inflammatory cells, while increasing the ratio of anti-inflammatory cells in the small intestine. The present study demonstrated the preventive effect of PHGG on sarcopenic obesity. Changes in nutrient absorption might be involved through the promotion of an anti-inflammatory shift of innate immunity in the intestine accompanied by an increase in SCFA production by PHGG.

The minor allele of the CREBRF rs373863828 p.R457Q coding variant is associated with reduced levels of myostatin in males: Implications for body composition

ObjectiveThe minor allele (A) of the rs373863828 variant (p.Arg457Gln) in CREBRF is restricted to indigenous peoples of the Pacific islands (including New Zealand Māori and peoples of Polynesia), with a frequency of up to 25% in these populations. This allele associates with a large increase in body mass index (BMI) but with significantly lower risk of type-2 diabetes (T2D). It remains unclear whether the increased BMI is driven by increased adiposity or by increased lean mass. MethodsWe undertook body composition analysis using DXA in 189 young men of Māori and Pacific descent living in Aotearoa New Zealand. Further investigation was carried out in two orthologous Arg458Gln knockin mouse models on FVB/NJ and C57BL/6j backgrounds. ResultsThe rs373863828 A allele was associated with lower fat mass when adjusted for BMI (p < 0.05) and was associated with significantly lower circulating levels of the muscle inhibitory hormone myostatin (p < 0.05). Supporting the human data, significant reductions in adipose tissue mass were observed in the knockin mice. This was more significant in older mice in both backgrounds and appeared to be the result of reduced age-associated increases in fat mass. The older male knockin mice on C57BL/6j background also had increased grip strength (p < 0.01) and lower levels of myostatin (p < 0.05). ConclusionOverall, these results prove that the rs373863828 A-allele is associated with a reduction of myostatin levels which likely contribute to an age-dependent lowering of fat mass, at least in males.

Does the contribution of the paretic hand to bimanual tasks change with grip strength capacity following stroke?

IntroductionThe majority of tasks we perform every day require coordinated use of both hands. Following a stroke, the paretic hand contribution to bimanual tasks is often impaired, leading to asymmetric hand use. Grip strength is a commonly used clinical indicator of progress towards stroke motor recovery. The extent to which the paretic hand's contribution to bimanual tasks improves with increasing grip strength is not known. The purpose of this study is to determine how grip strength capacity of the paretic hand influences its contribution to bimanual tasks. MethodsTwenty-one chronic stroke participants and ten older control participants volunteered to take part in this study. The individuals with stroke were recruited in two distinct groups based on the grip strength capacity of paretic hand, i.e., paretic hand strength/non-paretic hand strength, expressed as a percentage. The low strength-capacity group was identified as individuals with grip strength capacity less than 60% and the high strength-capacity group was individuals with grip strength capacity greater than or equal to 60%. All groups performed isometric, grip force contractions in two bimanual tasks – a maximum force production (MVC) task and a submaximal force control task. We quantified the magnitude of force contributed by the paretic and non-paretic hands during both tasks. Additionally, in the force control task we quantified the amount and structure of force variability using coefficient of variation (CV) and approximate entropy (ApEn) for both hands. ResultsThe amount of force contributed by the paretic hand increased in bimanual tasks with an increase in its grip strength capacity, (maximal force production: r = 0.85, p < 0.01; submaximal force control: r = 0.62, p < 0.01). In the bimanual MVC task and bimanual force control task, both hands contributed equal magnitudes of force in the high strength-capacity group but unequal forces in low strength-capacity group. Surprisingly, the amount and structure of force variability in bimanual force control tasks did not change with the increase in grip strength capacity, (CV of force: r = - 0.07, p = 0.77; ApEn: r = - 0.23, p = 0.31). Both low and high strength-capacity stroke groups showed significantly higher CV of force and heightened ApEn compared with the control group. ConclusionWith the increase in grip strength capacity, the paretic hand contributes greater magnitude of force but continues to show persistent deficits in force modulation in bimanual tasks. Therefore, stroke rehabilitation should emphasize retraining of the paretic hand for force modulation to maximize its use in bimanual tasks.

Whey Proteins-Fortified Milk with Adjusted Casein to Whey Proteins Ratio Improved Muscle Strength and Endurance Exercise Capacity without Lean Mass Accretion in Rats.

This study investigated the effects of the casein to whey proteins (CW) ratio in milk on body composition, muscle strength, and endurance exercise capacity in rats. Thirty rats were assigned into five groups, and each treatment was administered for eight weeks: (1) control (isocaloric lactose supplementation), (2) CW8:2 (regular milk), (3) CW6:4, (4) CW5:5, and (5) nitrogen-free (lactose). The milk concentration was converted from a human equivalent dose (400 mL/60 kg body weight/day). All the milk-administered groups showed significantly greater growth performance, including body weight and weight gain compared to the isocaloric lactose control (p < 0.05). However, different CW ratios in milk had no effect on growth performance. Additionally, body composition, i.e., lean body mass and adiposity, was not affected by the CW ratio. Interestingly, CW6:4 and CW5:5 had significantly higher plasma branched-chain amino acids concentrations than control and CW8:2 (p < 0.05). In addition, CW5:5 showed significantly increased grip strength by 12–24% and time to exhaustion by 8–62% compared to the other groups (p < 0.05), indicating that the higher whey proteins ratio improved physical performance. We concluded that whey proteins-fortified milk enhances muscle strength and endurance exercise capacity without altering lean mass in rats.