Increased Grip Strength Research Articles

Eldecalcitol prevents muscle loss and osteoporosis in disuse muscle atrophy via NF-κB signaling in mice

We investigated the effect of eldecalcitol on disuse muscle atrophy. C57BL/6J male mice aged 6 weeks were randomly assigned to control, tail suspension (TS), and TS-eldecalcitol–treated groups and were injected intraperitoneally twice a week with either vehicle (control and TS) or eldecalcitol at 3.5 or 5 ng for 3 weeks. Grip strength and muscle weights of the gastrocnemius (GAS), tibialis anterior (TA), and soleus (SOL) were determined. Oxidative stress was evaluated by malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase. Bone microarchitecture was analyzed using microcomputed tomography. The effect of eldecalcitol on C2C12 myoblasts was analyzed by measuring myofibrillar protein MHC and the atrophy markers Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 using immunofluorescence. The influence of eldecalcitol on NF-κB signaling pathway and vitamin D receptor (VDR) was assessed through immunofluorescence, (co)-immunoprecipitation, and VDR knockdown studies. Eldecalcitol increased grip strength (P < 0.01) and restored muscle loss in GAS, TA, and SOL (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001) induced by TS. An improvement was noted in bone mineral density and bone architecture in the eldecalcitol group. The impaired oxidative defense system was restored by eldecalcitol (P < 0.05 to P < 0.01 vs. TS). Eldecalcitol (10 nM) significantly inhibited the expression of MuRF-1 (P < 0.001) and Atrogin-1 (P < 0.01), increased the diameter of myotubes (P < 0.05), inhibited the expression of P65 and P52 components of NF-κB and P65 nuclear location, thereby inhibiting NF-κB signaling. Eldecalcitol promoted VDR binding to P65 and P52. VDR signaling is required for eldecalcitol-mediated anti-atrophy effects. In conclusion, eldecalcitol exerted its beneficial effects on disuse-induced muscle atrophy via NF-κB inhibition.

The combined effect of Kinesio tape and exercise on risk reduction, pain relief, and hand function improvement in assembly workers of a manufacturing industry

Background and aims: Nowadays, one of the purposes of ergonomics is to identify the risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders and provide solutions to reduce them. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of using Kinesio tape and doing exercise during working hours for 8 weeks on the reduction of risk and pain and improvement of hand function during daily activities. Methods: This clinical trial study was carried out on 40 female workers employed in the manufacturing industry. The subjects were divided into three groups, including exercise-taping, exercise, and control, and performed an 8-week rehabilitation program twice a week. To assess the upper limb function, the cognitive demand of the assigned task, and hand strength, the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, Borg Scale, and a dynamometer were used, respectively. Results: The results of this study indicated a decrease in upper limb disability and increased grip strength in the tape plus exercise group compared to the control group (P&lt;0.05). However, no significant change in the Borg scale was found in any of the three groups (P&gt;0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that attending at least 2 or 3 exercise sessions per week and using Kinesio tape can be effective in reducing pain in the upper limb.

Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus paracasei alleviate sarcopenia and cognitive impairment in aged mice by regulating gut microbiota-mediated AKT, NF-κB, and FOXO3a signaling pathways

Sarcopenia is closely associated with gut dysbiosis. Probiotics alleviate gut dysbiosis. Therefore, we selected probiotics Lactobacillus paracasei P62 (Lp) and Bifidobacterium bifidum P61 (Bb), which suppressed muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF1) expression and NF-κB activation in C2C12 cells, and examined their effects on muscle mass loss and dysfunction in aged mice. Oral administration of Lp, Bb, or their mix (LB) increased grip strength and treadmill running distance and time. They significantly increased muscle weight in aged mice. They also increased AKT activation, PGC1α, SIRT1, and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) expression, MyHC-positive cell population, and cell size in the gastrocnemius (GA) muscle, while FOXO3a and NF-κB activation, MuRF1, muscle atrophy F-box, and p16 expression, and NF-κB+CD11c+ cell population decreased. Furthermore, they reduced cognitive impairment-like behavior, IL-6 expression, FOXO3a activation, and NF-κB-positive cell population in the hippocampus, GA, and colon, while hippocampal brain-derived neurotropic factor expression increased. They shifted gut microbiota composition in aged mice: they increased Akkermansiaceae and Bacteroidaceae populations, which were positively correlated with total muscle weight and MyHC expression, and decreased Odoribacteraceae and Deferribacteriaceae populations, which were positively correlated with MuRF1 and IL-6 expression. LB alleviated sarcopenia- and cognitive impairment-like symptoms more potently than Lp or Bb alone. Based on these findings, probiotics, particularly Lp, Bb, and LB, can alleviate aging-dependent sarcopenia and cognitive impairment by regulating gut microbiota-mediated AKT, NF-κB, and/or FOXO3a signaling pathways.

The role of chicken eggs in modulating sarcopenic obesity and gut microbiota in db/db mice.

Sarcopenia obesity, in which loss of muscle mass and fat accumulation occur simultaneously, is the pathological basis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The usefulness of chicken eggs in sarcopenia prevention has been reported in several previous studies. The purpose of this study was to determine the beneficial effects of chicken eggs in the prevention of sarcopenic obesity in db/db mice. We raised 8-week-old db/db male mice, a model of sarcopenia obesity, for 8 weeks and fed them a diet mixed with dried whole eggs. The fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) group was treated with antibiotics for 2 weeks, starting at 6 weeks of age, followed by FMT twice a week until 16 weeks of age. Eggs administered to db/db mice showed increased grip strength (p = 0.022) and muscle mass (p = 0.013), decreased visceral fat mass (p = 0.005), and significantly increased physical activity (p < 0.001). The FMT group of egg-fed mice showed a significant improvement in glucose intolerance and sarcopenic obesity. Sequencing of gene expression in the small intestine showed that the gene expression of amino acid transporters such as Slc6a18, Slc6a19, and Slc38a6 was increased in egg-fed mice. 16S rRNA sequencing of the gut microbiota showed an increase in the genus Vampirovibrio in both the egg-fed and FMT groups compared to that in egg-fed mice. The results of this study indicate that egg consumption not only increases the intake of amino acids and other nutrients but also alters the intestinal microbiota and increases amino acid absorption from the intestinal tract, suggesting that eggs might contribute to the ameliorative mechanism of sarcopenic obesity.

Musculoskeletal defects associated with myosin heavy chain‐embryonic loss of function are mediated by the YAP signaling pathway

Mutations in MYH3, the gene encoding the developmental myosin heavy chain‐embryonic (MyHC‐embryonic) skeletal muscle‐specific contractile protein, cause several congenital contracture syndromes. Among these, recessive loss‐of‐function MYH3 mutations lead to spondylocarpotarsal synostosis (SCTS), characterized by vertebral fusions and scoliosis. We find that Myh3 germline knockout adult mice display SCTS phenotypes such as scoliosis and vertebral fusion, in addition to reduced body weight, muscle weight, myofiber size, and grip strength. Myh3 knockout mice also exhibit changes in muscle fiber type, altered satellite cell numbers and increased muscle fibrosis. A mass spectrometric analysis of embryonic skeletal muscle from Myh3 knockouts identified integrin signaling and cytoskeletal regulation as the most affected pathways. These pathways are closely connected to the mechanosensing Yes‐associated protein (YAP) transcriptional regulator, which we found to be significantly activated in the skeletal muscle of Myh3 knockout mice. To test whether increased YAP signaling might underlie the musculoskeletal defects in Myh3 knockout mice, we treated these mice with CA3, a small molecule inhibitor of YAP signaling. This led to increased muscle fiber size, rescue of most muscle fiber type alterations, normalization of the satellite cell marker Pax7 levels, increased grip strength, reduced fibrosis, and decline in scoliosis in Myh3 knockout mice. Thus, increased YAP activation underlies the musculoskeletal defects seen in Myh3 knockout mice, indicating its significance as a key pathway to target in SCTS and other MYH3‐related congenital syndromes.

Association of grip strength and comorbidities with all-cause mortality in the older hypertensive adults.

With growing concerns about global population aging, comorbidity, and disability have emerged as key variables that influence the health of the older adults in terms of disease and function. This study sought to examine the impact of comorbidity and impairment using disease and functional status indicators of all-cause mortality in the older adults. Hypertension, which was chosen as the indicator chosen for disease, has the greatest prevalence in the older population. A total of 15 self-reported chronic conditions were added as indicators of comorbidity, and grip strength was chosen as a measure of functional status. The study also evaluated the association between grip strength and comorbidity, as well as its consequences on all-cause death and survival in a hypertensive senior population. We chose a total of 2,990 hypertensive participants aged ≥60 years whose data for grip strength were collected in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2011 and 2014. The association of all-cause death with grip strength and comorbidity was examined using a Cox proportional hazard regression model. The interaction between comorbidity and all-cause mortality, as well as its association with grip strength, was also examined. The hazard ratio [95% confidence intervals (CIs)] for all-cause mortality in the highest grip strength tertile was 0.266 (0.168-0.419), compared to the lowest grip strength tertile. The all-cause mortality decreased with an increase in the number of co-morbidities [2.677 (1.557-4.603) in the group with ≥3 chronic diseases]. The weighted generalized model revealed a negative correlation between grip strength and comorbidities in more than three groups after accounting for all possible variables (β = -2.219, -3.178 ~ -1.260, p < 0.001). The risk of mortality reduced with increasing grip strength in patients with ≥3 comorbidities (p-value for trend <0.05), but no meaningful difference was found in the interaction between comorbidities and grip strength (p-value for interaction >0.05). In older hypertension patients, grip strength and comorbidities were correlated with all-cause death, and there was a negative correlation between grip strength and comorbidities. Higher grip strength was associated with fewer fatalities in patients with ≥3 comorbidities, suggesting that functional exercise can improve the prognosis of comorbidities.

Multimodal prehabilitation in a patient with right colon cancer, frailty and severe sarcopenia: a case report

Background. The high frequency of frailty and sarcopenia in patients with cancer led to the development of «prehabilitation» concept. multimodal prehabilitation includes physical training, nutritional and psychological support before anticancer treatment.Aim. we aim to present the results of treatment of a patient with frailty and severe sarcopenia who underwent a multimodal prehabilitation program before surgery for colorectal cancer.Materials and methods. A 81-year-old woman with colon cancer was diagnosed with frailty and severe sarcopenia. The patient underwent a multimodal prehabilitation for 12 days prior to surgery, which included nutritional and psychological support as well as a supervised physical exercise program based on nordic walking.Results. The patient gained weight. Also, she increased grip strength and gait speed. The postoperative period went uneventfully and the patient was discharged home 7 days after surgery.Conclusions. multimodal prehabilitation is a potentially beneficial option in sarcopenic patients with frailty and colon cancer who need surgery.

Inhibition of type I PRMTs reforms muscle stem cell identity enhancing their therapeutic capacity

In skeletal muscle, muscle stem cells (MuSC) are the main cells responsible for regeneration upon injury. In diseased skeletal muscle, it would be therapeutically advantageous to replace defective MuSCs, or rejuvenate them with drugs to enhance their self-renewal and ensure long-term regenerative potential. One limitation of the replacement approach has been the inability to efficiently expand MuSCs ex vivo, while maintaining their stemness and engraftment abilities. Herein, we show that inhibition of type I protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) with MS023 increases the proliferative capacity of ex vivo cultured MuSCs. Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) of ex vivo cultured MuSCs revealed the emergence of subpopulations in MS023-treated cells which are defined by elevated Pax7 expression and markers of MuSC quiescence, both features of enhanced self-renewal. Furthermore, the scRNAseq identified MS023-specific subpopulations to be metabolically altered with upregulated glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). Transplantation of MuSCs treated with MS023 had a better ability to repopulate the MuSC niche and contributed efficiently to muscle regeneration following injury. Interestingly, the preclinical mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy had increased grip strength with MS023 treatment. Our findings show that inhibition of type I PRMTs increased the proliferation capabilities of MuSCs with altered cellular metabolism, while maintaining their stem-like properties such as self-renewal and engraftment potential.

Inhibition of type I PRMTs reforms muscle stem cell identity enhancing their therapeutic capacity.

In skeletal muscle, muscle stem cells (MuSC) are the main cells responsible for regeneration upon injury. In diseased skeletal muscle, it would be therapeutically advantageous to replace defective MuSCs, or rejuvenate them with drugs to enhance their self-renewal and ensure long-term regenerative potential. One limitation of the replacement approach has been the inability to efficiently expand MuSCs ex vivo, while maintaining their stemness and engraftment abilities. Herein, we show that inhibition of type I protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) with MS023 increases the proliferative capacity of ex vivo cultured MuSCs. Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) of ex vivo cultured MuSCs revealed the emergence of subpopulations in MS023-treated cells which are defined by elevated Pax7 expression and markers of MuSC quiescence, both features of enhanced self-renewal. Furthermore, the scRNAseq identified MS023-specific subpopulations to be metabolically altered with upregulated glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). Transplantation of MuSCs treated with MS023 had a better ability to repopulate the MuSC niche and contributed efficiently to muscle regeneration following injury. Interestingly, the preclinical mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy had increased grip strength with MS023 treatment. Our findings show that inhibition of type I PRMTs increased the proliferation capabilities of MuSCs with altered cellular metabolism, while maintaining their stem-like properties such as self-renewal and engraftment potential.

Effects of high-resistance wheel running on hallmarks of endurance and resistance training adaptations in mice.

Exercise effectively promotes and preserves cardiorespiratory, neuromuscular, metabolic, and cognitive functions throughout life. The molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial adaptations to exercise training are, however, still poorly understood. To improve the mechanistic study of specific exercise training adaptations, standardized, physiological, and well-characterized training interventions are required. Therefore, we performed a comprehensive interrogation of systemic changes and muscle-specific cellular and molecular adaptations to voluntary low-resistance wheel running (Run) and progressive high-resistance wheel running (RR) in young male mice. Following 10 weeks of training, both groups showed similar improvements in body composition and peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak ), as well as elevated mitochondrial proteins and capillarization markers in the M. plantaris. Run mice clearly outperformed RR mice in a forced treadmill running capacity test, while RR mice displayed increased grip strength as well as superior mass gains in the M. soleus, associated with distinct proteomic changes specifying the two paradigms. Thus, even though both training modalities induce overlapping adaptations, Run interventions preferably improve submaximal running performance, while progressive RR is a valid model to study training-induced gains in grip strength and plantar flexor hypertrophy.

The Effect of Neural Mobilization on Muscle Strength, Reaction Time And Pain Threshold

ABSTRACT (ENGLISH): &#x0D; Purpose: This study's objective was to assess the effectiveness of neural mobilization on asymptomatic, healthy volunteers' pain, muscle strength, and reaction time.&#x0D; Material and Methods: Hand grip strength, reaction time, and pain thresholds of 50 participiants’ were evaluated using a dynamometer, the Nelson Hand Reaction Test, and a digital algometer, respectively. While the dominant extremities of the participants constituted the neural mobilization group, the non-dominant extremities constituted the control group. The same measurements were repeated in both extremities by the blinded assessor after median nerve mobilization was applied to the dominant upper extremities of participants.&#x0D; Results: When the measurements before and after mobilization were compared in the neural mobilization group, it was seen that the hand grip strength increased (p 0.05); however, a statistically significant decrease was found in reaction time and pain threshold score (p 0.05).&#x0D; Conclusion: Neural mobilization may increase grip strength in healthy individuals but has no effect on pain threshold. Its effect on reaction time can be explained by motor learning. New studies are needed in different disease groups.

Milk protects against sarcopenic obesity due to increase in the genus Akkermansia in faeces of db/db mice.

Sarcopenic obesity, a combination of sarcopenia and obesity, is a pathological feature of type 2 diabetes. Several human studies have shown that milk is useful in the prevention of sarcopenia. This study was aimed at clarifying the effect of milk on the prevention of sarcopenic obesity in db/db mice. A randomized and investigator-blinded study was conducted using male db/db mice. Eight-week-old db/db mice were housed for 8weeks and fed milk (100μL/day) using a sonde. The faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) group received antibiotics for 2weeks, starting at 6weeks of age, followed by FMT twice a week until 16weeks of age. Milk administration to db/db mice increased grip strength (Milk-: 164.2±4.7g, Milk+: 230.2±56.0g, P=0.017), muscle mass (soleus muscle, Milk-: 164.2±4.7mg, Milk+: 230.2±56.0mg, P<0.001; plantaris muscle, Milk-: 13.3±1.2mg, Milk+: 16.0±1.7mg, P<0.001) and decreased visceral fat mass (Milk-: 2.39±0.08g, Milk+: 1.98±0.04mg, P<0.001), resulting in a significant increase in physical activity (light: P=0.013, dark: P=0.034). FMT from mice fed milk not only improved sarcopenic obesity but also significantly improved glucose intolerance. Microarray analysis of gene expression in the small intestine revealed that the expression of amino acid absorption transporter genes, namely, SIc7a5 (P=0.010), SIc7a1 (P=0.015), Ppp1r15a (P=0.041) and SIc7a11 (P=0.029), was elevated in mice fed milk. In 16S rRNA sequencing of gut microbiota, the genus Akkermansia was increased in both the mice fed milk and the FMT group from the mice fed milk. The findings of this study suggest that besides increasing the intake of nutrients, such as amino acids, milk consumption also changes the intestinal environment, which might contribute to the mechanism of milk-induced improvement of sarcopenic obesity.

Decreased Expression of Mitochondrial Calcium Uptake Protein 1 Leads to Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction in Septic Mice

To observe the effect of sepsis on skeletal muscle function and to explore the role of skeletal muscle mitochondrial calcium uptake protein 1 (MICU1). A total of 40 specific-pathogen-free (SPF) healthy male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to 4 groups, a sham operation group (Sham group, n=8), a sepsis modeling 6 h group (cecal ligation and puncture [CLP]-6 h group, n=10), a sepsis modeling 12 h group (CLP-12 h group, n=10), and a sepsis modeling 24 h group (CLP-24 h, n=12). The sepsis model was established by CLP. Mice in the Sham group only underwent laparotomic exploration of the cecum. Another 20 SPF mice were selected. The tibialis anterior muscle on one side was empty-transfected with adeno-associated virus (AAV) as controls (AAV-C), and the tibialis anterior muscle on the other side was transfected with AAV to enhance MICU1 expression (AAV-M). The mice were randomly assigned to two groups, a sham operation group (AAV-C-Sham and AAV-M-Sham, n=8) and a sepsis model 24 h group (AAV-C-CLP and AAV-M-CLP, n=12). The grip strength and compound muscle action potential (CMAP) of the tibialis anterior muscle were measured in each group at the corresponding time points. The levels of inflammatory factors, including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), in the skeletal muscle were measured by ELISA. The morphological changes of skeletal muscle cells were observed through H&E staining. The expression levels of MICU1 and muscle atrophy-related proteins, including muscle RING-finger containing protein 1 (MuRF1) and muscle atrophy Fbox protein (MAFbx), were determined by Western blot. The expression levels of MICU1 mRNA in skeletal muscle were determined by RT-qPCR. Compared with mice in the Sham group, mice in the CLP group showed decreased body weight ( P<0.05); their grip strength decreased with the prolongation of CLP modeling time ( P<0.05); the amplitude of CMAP decreased, showing prolonged duration and latency ( P<0.05); the expression levels of inflammatory factors, including TNF-α and IL-6, in skeletal muscle increased gradually ( P<0.05); the fiber diameter and cross-sectional area of skeletal muscle decreased gradually with the prolongation of modeling time ( P<0.05); the protein expression levels of MuRF1and MAFbx proteins increased gradually ( P<0.05); the expression levels of MICU1 protein and mRNA decreased gradually ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in all indices between AAV-M-Sham and AAV-C-Sham groups ( P>0.05). Compared with mice in the AAV-C-CLP group, mice in the AAV-M-CLP group showed increased grip strength ( P<0.05); the amplitude of CMAP increased, showing shortened duration and latency ( P <0.05); the fiber diameter and cross-sectional area of skeletal muscle increased ( P<0.05); the expression levels of MuRF1and MAFbx decreased ( P<0.05). Sepsis leads to skeletal muscle dysfunction, which is related to the decrease in mitochondrial MICU1 expression.

Determination and Comparison of Soybean Lecithin and Bovine Brain Plasmalogens Effects in Healthy Male Wistar Rats.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of soybean lecithin and plasmalogens concentrating on a variety of physiological tests and biochemical analyses in healthy Wistar rats. For six weeks, male Wistar rats were given a standard diet that included plasmalogens or soybean lecithin. We measured anxiety levels, overall exploratory activity, short- and long-term memory, cognitive abilities, and grip strength. Lecithin increased significantly anxiety and enhanced memory and cognitive functions. Plasmalogens significantly improved appetite and increased grip strength. When compared to plasmalogens, lecithin significantly raised HDL levels while lowering LDL levels. The plasmalogens group showed a significant increase in the C16:0DMA/C16:0 ratio, which led us to assume that plasmalogen consumption could increase their synthesis in neural tissue. The study's findings imply that, despite their various modes of action, soy lecithin and plasmalogens may both be significant nutritional components for enhancing cognitive functions.

Effects of Growth Hormone on Muscle and Bone in Female Mice: Role of Follistatin.

The interactions between muscle and bone are noted in the clinical relationships between sarcopenia and osteoporosis. Myokines secreted from the skeletal muscles play roles in muscle-bone interactions related to various physiological and pathophysiological states. Although numerous evidence suggests that growth hormone (GH) influences both muscle and bone, the effects of GH on the muscle-bone interactions have remained unknown. We, therefore, investigated the influences of GH administration for 8 weeks on muscle and bone, including myokine expression, in mice with or without ovariectomy (OVX). GH administration significantly increased muscle mass in the whole body and lower limbs, as well as tissue weights of the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscles in mice with or without OVX. Moreover, it markedly increased grip strength in both mice. As for femurs, GH administration significantly increased cortical thickness and area in mice with or without OVX. Moreover, GH significantly blunted the decrease in the ratio of bone volume to tissue volume at the trabecular bone in mice with OVX. GH administration significantly decreased follistatin mRNA levels in the EDL, but not the soleus, muscles in mice with or without OVX, although it did not affect the other myokines examined. However, GH administration significantly elevated serum follistatin levels in mice. In conclusion, this study indicates that GH administration increases skeletal muscle mass and grip strength and cortical and trabecular bone-related parameters obtained by micro-computed tomography analyses in mice. However, myokine regulation might not be critical for the effects of GH on muscle and bone.

Short-term Effectiveness of High-intensity Laser Therapy in De Quervain Tenosynovitis: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Study.

The effectiveness of high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) has been demonstrated in some musculoskeletal repetitive strain injury disorders. This study aimed to determine the short-term effectiveness of HILT in de Quervain tenosynovitis (DQT). Sixty-four patients with DQT diagnosis (32 males, 32 females; 18-65 years) were randomly divided into two groups. A short opponens splint was applied to both groups and HILT to the treatment group and sham HILT to the control group once a day, on alternate days, 3 days a week, for 5 weeks. Pre- and post-treatment evaluations were made using a visual analog scale (VAS); Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire; Short Form-36 Health Survey; and hand grip strength test. The demographic results (age, gender, duration of complaint, body mass index, occupational group) of both groups were similar (p>0.05). The pre-treatment measured values were similar in both groups (p>0.05). After a 5-week treatment, a significant improvement was observed in all parameters in both groups. Post-treatment, hand grip strength levels were statistically higher in the HILT group than in the sham therapy group, and VAS levels were significantly lower (p<0.001). HILT is a non-invasive and reliable method that increases grip strength and decreases pain in DQT.

Genetic risk, muscle strength and risk of incident major depressive disorder: results from the UK Biobank.

Genetic factors and muscle strength both contribute to the risk of major depressive disorder (MDD), but whether high muscle strength can offset the risk of MDD with different genetic risk is unknown. This study aims to examine whether a higher muscle strength is associated with lower risk of MDD regardless of genetic risk among middle-aged and older adults. This cohort study obtained data from the UK Biobank, which includes 345,621 individuals aged 40-69years (mean (standard deviation): 56.7 (7.99) years) without baseline MDD. Polygenic risk score for MDD was categorised as low, intermediate or high. The mean of the right- and left-hand grip strength values was used in the analysis and was divided into three categories. 9,753 individuals developed MDD within 2,752,461 person-years of follow-up. The multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) of MDD across increased grip strength categories were 1.00, 0.72 (0.68-0.75) and 0.56 (0.53-0.59) (P for trend <0.0001). The HRs (95% CIs) of incident MDD across the genetic risk categories were 1.00, 1.11 (1.05-1.17) and 1.20 (1.13-1.28) (P for trend <0.0001); 4.07% of individuals with a high genetic risk and low grip strength developed MDD, and 1.72% of individuals with a low genetic risk and high grip strength developed MDD, with an HR (95% CI) of 0.44 (0.39-0.50). Both muscle strength and genetic risk were significantly associated with incident MDD. A higher muscle strength was associated with a lower MDD risk among individuals with a high genetic risk. Improving muscle strength should be encouraged for all individuals, including individuals with high genetic risk for MDD.

Effect of troxerutin consumption during gestation period on reflexive motor behavior in mice offspring.

This study aimed to determine the effects of troxerutin consumption during gestation on reflexive motor behavior in mice offspring. Forty pregnant female mice were allocated into four groups. In the control group, mice received water, while in groups 2-4, female mice p.o. administered troxerutin (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg) at 5, 8, 11, 14, and 17 days of gestation (GD). Following delivery, pups were selected based on their experimental group, and reflexive motor behaviors were determined. Also, serum malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and total antioxidant status (TAS) were determined. Based on the findings, maternal exposure to troxerutin (100 and 150 mg/kg) increased ambulation scores in offspring's compared with control group (P <0.05). Also, prenatal exposure to troxerutin increased front- and hind-limb suspension scores in newborns compared with control group (P <0.05). Maternal exposure to troxerutin increased grip strength and negative geotaxis in newborns in comparison with control mice (P <0.05). Prenatal exposure to troxerutin (100 and 150 mg/kg) decreased hind-limb foot angle and surface righting in pups compared with control group (P <0.05). Maternal exposure to troxerutin decreased MDA production and increased SOD, GPx, and TAS levels in offspring (P <0.05). These results suggested that prenatal consumption of the troxerutin improves reflexive motor behaviors in mice pups.

Does pronator quadratus repair affect functional outcome following volar plate fixation of distal radius fractures? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of pronator quadratus (PQ) repair versus no repair following volar plate fixation of distal radius fractures. A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, CNKI, EMBASE, Web of Science, Ovid, and Cochrane Library databases. All randomized controlled trials comparing PQ repair with no repair in distal radius fractures before January 2023 were included. Two investigators independently screened eligible articles, assessed the study quality, and extracted data from included studies. Continuous variables used standardized mean difference and 95% confidence interval as efficacy statistics. The meta-analysis was performed using the Revman 5.4 software. A total of 430 patients in 7 RCT studies were included in this meta-analysis, of which 218 underwent PQ repair, while 212 patients underwent no repair. The results of the meta-analysis displayed statistically significant differences in grip strength (short-term), pronation angle (short-term), and pronation strength (short- and long-term) between the two groups. No significant difference in other outcomes was found between the two treatment arms. The repair of PQ may further increase grip strength and pronation function in the short-term and enhance long-term pronator muscle strength compared to no repair. However, due to the small number of articles included in the study, the above conclusions need to be verified by a larger sample and multi-center clinical study.

The Efficacy of Blood Flow Restriction Training for Grip Strength and Disability in Lateral Epicondylitis

Background: Lateral epicondylitis is a work-related musculoskeletal disorder caused by inflammation of the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis muscles tendons with symptoms of pain in the lateral side of the elbow and decreased range of motion that causes forearm muscle weakness and disability. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of blood flow restriction (BFR) training with resistance exercise (RE) in increasing grip strength and forearm disability in lateral epicondylitis patients. Methods: This study used the randomized controlled trial design that involved 28 subjects who were divided into intervention and control groups. All subjects received the treatment 3 times per week for 4 weeks, including the standard ultrasound therapy and electro-muscular stimulation interventions for 20 mins with additional treatment of the low-load BFR training for the intervention group and the high-intensity RE for the control group. This study measured grip muscle strength using a handgrip dynamometer, and functional ability was measured using a patient-rated tennis elbow evaluation questionnaire (PrTEEQ) before and after the treatment session. The statistical analyses of paired t-tests and independent t-tests were used in this study. Results: This study found significant differences between pretest and posttest scores in the measurements of forearm muscle strength (change= 20.0~49.0%, p-values &lt;0.001) and PrTEEQ (change= 64.5~70.5%, p-value &lt;0.001) in the intervention and control groups. In addition, the independent t-tests resulted in significant differences in the score changes of forearm muscle strength and PrTEEQ measurement between these groups with p-values &lt;0.001. Conclusion: This study described that BFR training had better effects on grip strength and functional ability than RE in people with lateral epicondylitis.