Incorrect Perception Research Articles

Typology of substance use in a nationally representative sample of French adolescents

Background While typologies of substance use disorder are very informative, they are still scarcer. The aim of this study was to consider a classification system of substance use among adolescents based on types of substance used and levels of use, and to compare identified groups on sociodemographic characteristics, mental and physical health factors, and other psychological indices. Methods A total of 23,294 17-year-old French adolescents were assessed on mental health factors (depression, suicide, visits to a mental health professional), physical health factors (health self-perception, body shape perception, body mass index), family relationships, perceptions of substance use risk, and vision of the future. Results Hierarchical Cluster Analysis identified four classes of adolescents: ‘Adolescents who use Occasionally/experimentally Tobacco and Alcohol’ (n = 7328, 35.3%), ‘Adolescents who do not use drugs’ (n = 5218, 25.1%), ‘Adolescents who use Tobacco, Alcohol, Cannabis’ (n = 6804, 32.8%), and ‘Adolescents who use Multi-drugs’ (n = 1403, 6.8%). The two first were mostly high school girls, with no mental and physical health issue, accurate perception of substances uses risk, and positive vision of their future. They differed regarding parental socioeconomic status and body mass index. The two latest were mostly boys, with poor school performance, bad family relationships, mental health issues, incorrect perception of substances uses risk, and negative vision of their future. They differed regarding parental socioeconomic status, weight and weight perception. Conclusions Our results confirm the heterogeneous nature of drug use in adolescents, the relevance of typologies, and their importance for future public health policy.

A mixed methods study exploring the role of perceived side effects on treatment decision-making in older adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

7016 Background: AML patients may be treated with intensive chemotherapy (IC), or non-intensive chemotherapy (NIC) or they may receive best supportive care (BSC) or hospice care. Balancing treatment efficacy and toxicities is key in treatment decision-making. IC is efficacious with extensive toxicities, while NIC has lower risk of toxicities but reduced efficacy. This study provides an international, multi-stakeholder perspective on the role of side effects in AML treatment decision-making. Methods: We conducted one-on-one, 60-minute interviews with 28 AML patients (>65 years, not receiving IC), 25 of their family members and 10 independent physicians from the US, UK and Canada. Interviews included open-ended questions to explore the treatment decision-making process. Participants also rated the importance of various factors in AML treatment decision-making from 0 (not important) to 3 (very important). Results: The sample included patients with varying treatment histories (13 no treatment, 11 on NIC, 3 discontinued NIC, 1 BSC). Side effects were rated as a ‘very important’ factor in treatment decision-making by a greater proportion of patients not on treatment (n = 9/13; 69.2%) and their relatives (n = 12/13; 92.3%) compared to those with experience of NIC (n = 5/11 who answered, 45.5%), their relatives (n = 3/11; 27.3%), and physicians (n = 4/10; 40.0%). When discussing side effects in detail, there was a disconnect between perceptions of patients not on treatment, and side effects that patients on NIC actually experienced. Many patients with no treatment experience were worried that side effects would be worse than their current symptoms (n = 6/13), referring to constant vomiting, hair loss, organ failure, or death. Fear of side effects was the primary reason for opting not to take treatment (n = 9/13), though it was not clear if these patients were distinguishing between IC and NIC. In contrast, although two patients’ experiences of side effects resulted in them discontinuing NIC (n = 2/14), a higher proportion (n = 9/14) reported that the side effects had little impact on their life. Side effects most frequently reported by patients with experience of NIC (n = 11/14) were considered mild and included fatigue, reduced appetite, generally feeling unwell, nausea and injection site irritation (all n = 3). It was most commonly reported that the worst aspect of NIC was the time commitment (n = 4/8 asked). When accounting for different treatments paths no international variation in findings was observed. Conclusions: The nature and severity of side effects of AML treatment were perceived to be worse than reality. This incorrect perception may lead to undertreatment of patients and result in worse outcomes. There is a need for more patient education and resources about the lived treatment experience, to enhance understanding and mitigate pre-conceived notions of side effects.

What Affects the E-Bicycle Speed Perception in the Era of Eco-Sustainable Mobility: A Driving Simulator Study

The increase in the number of electric bicycles worldwide has resulted in a rise in the number of traffic accidents involving e-bicyclists. Previous studies have been based on analyzing the use, advantages and disadvantages of e-bicycles, whereas only a small number of studies have been focused on analyzing the e-bicycle traffic safety, particularly the factors leading to the occurrence of traffic accidents. One of the factors affecting the occurrence of traffic accidents is the incorrect perception of the e-bicycle speed by other traffic participants. To examine the mentioned problem, the authors of this paper conducted an experimental study to determine what affects the e-bicycle speed perception. The experiment included 175 participants, aged 18 to 50. The research was conducted under laboratory conditions using a driving simulator, at different e-bicycle speeds (10 km/h, 20 km/h and 30 km/h), in the situations in which the e-bicyclist was (not) using a reflective vest. The results show statistically significant differences in the e-bicycle speed perception when the e-bicyclist does not use/uses a reflective vest. Besides, the driving licence categories of traffic participants and their driving experience also have a significant impact on the perception of the e-bicycle speed.

Build More Houses: How an Incorrect Perception of Housing Supply Fueled the Great Recession and Slowed Recovery

An oversupply of housing, as a result of a building boom after the turn of the century, is commonly cited as a key cause of the Great Recession and the slow recovery from that recession. Using both national data and data for individual metropolitan areas, such as housing permits, residential investment, and population trends, I show that the evidence for systematic overbuilding is weak. New building was primarily meeting sustainable demand for shelter before the crisis. Building had increased where local regions with inadequate supply had created pent up demand and in regions where population was increasing as households were forced to move away from regions with inadequate housing supply. Elevated vacancy rates, where they developed, are best explained by unexpected declines in population growth. Declining population trends had already become problematic by 2007 in cities where high vacancies and collapsing prices were the worst after the recession. Yet, in 2007 and throughout the crisis, Federal Reserve officials acted explicitly on the perception that excess supply was an impediment to a recovery in residential investment, construction employment, and general economic stability. In short, an incorrect perception of housing oversupply rather than actual oversupply fueled the deep recession and slow recovery by prompting the Federal Reserve to accept or induce negative trends in economic activity.

Study on the Relationship between Drivers' Personal Characters and Non-Standard Traffic Signs Comprehensibility.

Drivers’ incorrect perception and interpretation of the road space are among reasons for human errors. Proper road markings are elements improving perception of road space. Their effectiveness relies on traffic participants receiving the provided information correctly. The range of signs used is constantly expanding and unusual situations in traffic require use of non-standard signs or an unusual combination of existing standard signs. The aim of this study was to explore the level of comprehensibility of four different types of non-standard signs. The relationship between the level of comprehensibility of these signs and personality traits of the drivers was also studied. A total of 369 drivers were tested using a questionnaire to analyze the traffic signs comprehensibility and Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). The obtained results indicate that symbolic signs, unlike symbolic and text ones, are much better comprehended by drivers. Men comprehend the significance of non-standard symbolic regulatory signs better than women. Higher level of comprehensibility of symbolic and text regulatory signs is shown by older, better educated drivers and professional drivers. The study found there is a link between personality traits of the driver and the comprehensibility of symbolic regulatory signs.

Demokratik ve Otokratik Liderlik Tarzlarının Üretkenlik Karşıtı İş Davranışına Etkisinde İşe Yabancılaşmanın Aracı Rolü: Ankara OSTİM Sanayi Bölgesinde Bir Araştırma

Incorrect perception of organizational management, especially when combined with work alienation in business life, can lead to essential work activities problems. This study's primary purpose is to determine whether "alienation from work" functions as a mediator in the effect of counterproductive behavior that can be caused by the forms of democratic leadership and autocratic leadership in organizations. In the research, "do democratic and autocratic leadership styles have a mediating role in the perception of work alienation in counterproductive behaviors." The question has been tried to be answered. The research method is designed according to the quantitative research method, and it is research patterned towards the relational scanning model based on general scanning models. According to the simple random sampling method, research data were collected from four enterprises operating heavy machinery production in Ankara OSTIM Industrial Zone. The obtained data were analyzed with SPSS and AMOS programs. In the analysis of the data, besides descriptive analysis, difference and relationship tests were performed. According to the findings obtained from the research data analysis, while democratic leadership has a positive effect on work alienation, it has not affected counterproductive behavior. Autocratic leadership has been found to have an impact on work alienation and counterproductive behavior. While work alienation had a mediating effect on the effect of democratic leadership on counterproductive behavior, no mediating effect of work alienation was found in the effect of autocratic leadership on counterproductive behavior. While positive organizational behaviors are expected from employees who are managed with a participatory and liberal style, oppressive and non-participatory management encourages negative behaviors towards their employees, leading to alienation from their jobs

Perceptions of Health Warning Signs in Seriously Ill Woman of Childbearing Age in Kinshasa

Introduction: For seriously ill women of childbearing age, perceived health warning signs may influence decision of whether or not to seek care. Inaccurate perceptions of patients and those around them may lead to attitudes that delay seeking care. This study analyzes perceptions of danger and related delays to seek care in Kinshasa. Methods: Sixty deceased women who died between March and April 2004 were taken away from two Kinshasa mortuaries. History of disease and deaths were reconstructed through medical records and semi-structured interviews of family members and leaders. The Qualitative Software Research was used to conduct a qualitative analysis. Results: Perceived health warning signs had five manifestations: Specific clinical health warning signs, aggravation of non-specific signs, persistence of signs, indirect danger signs and superstitious signs. The incorrect perception of the signs was an important cause of late awareness of the danger and delayed decision to seek care. Conclusion: Misunderstandings of signs often delayed awareness of danger as well as decisions to seek appropriate care. Educational programs teaching health warning signs should be designed to promote the timely use of facilities.

NETWORK CONFLICT AS A SOCIAL PHENOMENON

The paper provides a conceptual study of network conflict phenomenon, identifying the essence and specifics of its manifestation in the social system. The process of modifying the system of social interaction, which leads to the formation of many political, economic and social contradictions, contributes to the formation of network conflicts. The paper identifies such essential characteristics of network processes that affect the dynamics of a conflict situation, such as, first, physical distance and the anonymity of network actors. They contribute to the formation of a sense of responsibility lack for the consequences of the conflict, create the illusion of absence rules, which can lead to a wrong perception of the problem and increase conflict. Secondly, sensory reduction, the inability to create a complete image with visual information leads to a deterioration of mutual understanding. Third, the appearance of the illusion of understanding the actor’s actions due to the creation of a distorted representation and incorrect perception of the information provided. Fourth, the absence of sanctions for violating values and norms makes it impossible to control the development of a conflict situation. Fifth, shortening the time interval for transmitting information creates, on the one hand, opportunities to control the speed of communication and forms additional opportunities for thinking about the problem, on the other hand, leads to the creation of the illusion of control over the situation. The article deals with the ontological, phenomenological and axiological modes of interaction of network structures in the situation of conflict confrontation. The paper concludes that the most effective way to reduce the impact of destabilizing factors on the system is systematically changing the network of interactions between its structural elements. Any system tends to adapt to the changed conditions of existence. Lack of regulation can lead to the destruction of network education. At the same time, the transformation of the conflicting form of interaction between actors leads to a change in the network. The study of conflicts, features and specifics of network elements interaction is practically significant, because this analysis will help to detect and activate integrative social mechanisms.

THE SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE INTERPRETATION OF THE SOCIO-POLITICAL DOCTRINE OF LIBERALISM IN THE WESTERN EUROPEAN, AMERICAN AND RUSSIAN TRADITIONS IN THE 18TH AND 19TH CENTURIES: COMMON AND SPECIAL

The article strives to conceptualize the basic ideas of liberalism, free from political sensitivities, emotional judgments and naive simplifications based on different methods and techniques of political and historical science, as well as general scientific approaches - a comparative historical method, a normative approach, an institutional approach, and analytical and synthetic methods. Defects of the interpretation of liberalism in Russia - opposition of “liberals” and “patriots”, domestic perceptions of liberalism as freedom in family, sexual and gender life, reduction of liberalism to the specific historical direction of post-Soviet liberalism are revealed in the paper. Furthermore, the author draws attention to the misunderstanding of liberalism in the United States: one of them refers liberalism to the social democracy, the other equates liberalism with the totalitarian teachings. In the light of the incorrect perception of liberalism in the world, the author formulates the purpose of the work as overcoming the misjudgement of liberalism by overcoming the false appreciation of liberalism by forming a concentrated view of the fundamentals of liberal socio-political teachings based on the views of leading thinkers in Western Europe, the United States of America and Russia in the 18th and 19th centuries. Which contributed significantly to the development of the fundamentals of liberalism. Predicated on the analysis of the ideas of Western European, American, and Russian liberal thinkers of the past, the author identifies common and special features of the interpretation of liberalism in different parts of the world over two centuries. Finally, the author concludes that the main features of the original liberalism are the basic points of the classical liberalism of the past centuries are the following points: 1) intelligent people should have unconditional personal, political and economic rights independent of the state; 2) there must be a system in the state that promotes justice and limits the state itself; 3) all people have the right to form a state and influences it.

Percepção materna do estado nutricional do filho sob a óptica da análise dos resíduos ajustados

Introdução: A percepção materna do estado nutricional de seus filhos apresenta diversos fatores sociais importantes em sua composição e ela pode ser um importante na determinação da qualidade de alimentação das crianças.
 Objetivo: Avaliar os fatores sociais que influenciam a percepção materna sobre o estado nutricional de seus filhos.
 Método: Estudo transversal com escolares de 6 a 10 anos de uma escola pública de São Paulo, Brasil. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de um questionário estruturado aplicado às mães e a partir de antropometria das crianças. As associações entre as variáveis foram analisadas pelo teste do Quiquadrado e pela análise dos resíduos ajustados, com 5% de significância. A concordância entre a percepção materna e o estado nutricional foi avaliada por meio do teste Kappa.
 
 Resultados: Encontramos percepção incorreta em 45,8% dos casos, dos quais 98,2% foram de subestimação, com 80% de subestimação para crianças com sobrepeso. Encontramos concordância pobre e leve para todos os casos. Os resíduos ajustados apontaram para subestimação eutrófica; melhorpercepção materna para o obeso; melhor percepção para mães que atingiram o ensino fundamental e médio; subestimação para meninos eutróficos e percepção correta para meninas eutróficas. As mães solteiras e as que não trabalham fora tendem a subestimar seus filhos eutróficos.
 Conclusão: Encontramos baixa concordância para quase todos os casos, com exceção das mães de meninas e das que não trabalham fora. A percepção correta relacionou-se positivamente com a menor escolaridade, sendo pior para as mães sem companheiro e que não trabalham fora. As mães demeninas, em comparação com as mães de meninos, tiveram uma percepção mais precisa.

Factors associated with food taboos among pregnant women in the Dimma district, Gambella, Ethiopia

Background/Aims A food taboo is a food or drink that people are prohibited from consuming, often as a result of an incorrect perception of the food or for religious reasons, especially in low- and middle-income countries. During pregnancy, many women are subject to food taboos that can have deleterious effects on the fetus. This study aimed to assess the magnitude ofand factors associated with food taboos among pregnant women in Dimma district, Gambella, Ethiopia. The findings of this study can advise how to address the cultural malpractices that affect dietary behaviours of pregnant women, especially in developing countries like Ethiopia. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 276 pregnant women from March 6 to May 8 2019, in Dimma district, Gambella. Data were collected using a pretested interviewer-administered structured questionnaire and key informant interviews. A total of 14 key informant interviews were conducted. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to isolate independent predictors of food taboo practices. All tests were two sided and P<0.05 was used to set statistical significance. Qualitative data were audio taped and transcribed verbatim. Results Over one-third (34.7%) of the study participants restricted themselves from at least one food item during pregnancy. Common food taboos were fruits, cereals, honey, sugarcane, garden cress, mustard seed and yam. The main reasons behind food taboos were fear of maternal and fetal complications, including abortion, cardiac problems and anaemia. Food taboo practice was more common in participants aged ≥25 years (adjusted odds ratio=2.72; P=0.002), who had only attended primary education (adjusted odd ratio=2.56, P=0.019) and had a gestational age ≥7 months (adjusted odds ratio=4.33, P<0.001). Conclusions More than one-third of pregnant mothers were practicing food taboos during pregnancy in Dimma Woreda, Gambella region, which was significantly associated with older participants and a lack of formal education. Therefore, intensive nutrition education should be given by both government and non-government organisations, focusing on pregnant women.

Men and maternal health care utilization in India and in selected less-developed states: evidence from a large-scale survey 2015-16.

Male involvement in maternal health care utilization is an important contributor to maternal health, especially in male-dominated societies. This study aimed to understand the variations and determinants of women's antenatal care (ANC) utilization and institutional delivery in India and three socioeconomically less-developed states (Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh) using NFHS-4 data (2015-16). Husband's knowledge of pregnancy care and delivery, having a non-violent marital relationship and a respectful attitude towards his wife, better education and wealth, higher exposure to mass media and fewer children substantially enhanced the probability of him being present at his wife's ANC visits. Furthermore, men's presence at any ANC visit was shown to be an important factor influencing institutional delivery in India as a whole, as well as in the three less-developed states. The two major hurdles in maternal and child health care utilization in India were incorrect perception of 'unnecessary' maternal health care by families and high cost as reported by husbands. Furthermore, the proportion of husbands who received knowledge from health workers on maternal and child health was too low to achieve the maternal health SDGs by 2030. The dissemination of knowledge on maternal care among husbands, and encouraging their presence during antenatal care, may help secure better maternal health outcomes in India. It is imperative that the husband-involvement agenda is strengthened in India if the SDGs for maternal care are to be achieved.

How effective is a social norms programme in changing perceived injunctive norms about drug use?

Abstract Social norm theory suggests that students often overestimate the frequency and quantity of drug use among their peers (descriptive norms) as well as how acceptable their peers feel these risky behaviours to be (injunctive norms) and tend to match their own behaviour to this incorrect perception. This study aims to investigate whether a Danish social norms based intervention (The GOOD Life) using both descriptive and injunctive normative information may change students perception of peers' attitudes towards smoking, drinking and using cannabis. In total 38 schools were included in a cluster-randomised controlled trial and allocated to either intervention (n = 641) or control group (n = 714) during 2015/2016. Students (aged 13-17 years) from both groups completed an online survey before the intervention and 3 months after baseline. The GOOD Life intervention provided normative feedback tailored for each school-grade using three communication channels: classroom sessions, posters and web application. Outcome measures were perception of peers' attitude towards: smoking, drinking alcohol, getting drunk and using cannabis. All with five response options from 'never okay' (1) to 'okay' (5). Intervention effects at follow-up were examined using ordinal logistic regression models and marginal effect-estimates. Students in the intervention group were less likely to perceive peers to approve of smoking (Coef: -0.22, p = 0.04, 95%CI [-0.43; -0.01]). The marginal effect estimates showed that compared to the control group, students in the intervention group were 5% more likely to perceive that peers think it is never okay to smoke, 3% less likely to perceive that peers think it is okay to smoke occasionally and 1% less likely to perceive that peers think it is okay to smoke frequently. No significant effects were found for injunctive norms regarding alcohol consumption and cannabis use. Key messages The intervention The GOOD life has potential to produce change in perceived injunctive norms among Danish adolescents. Prevention programmes should thoroughly consider how to incorporate injunctive normative feedback.

Особенности управленческой деятельности в условиях некорректного восприятия и обработки информации человеком

Особенности управленческой деятельности в условиях некорректного восприятия и обработки информации человеком

Best practices for stress measurement: How to measure psychological stress in health research.

Despite the strong evidence linking psychological stress to disease risk, health researchers often fail to include psychological stress in models of health. One reason for this is the incorrect perception that the construct of psychological stress is too vague and broad to accurately measure. This article describes best practices in stress measurement, detailing which dimensions of stressor exposures and stress responses to capture, and how. We describe when to use psychological versus physiological indicators of stress. It is crucial that researchers across disciplines utilize the latest methods for measuring and describing psychological stress in order to build a cumulative science.

A Study on Awareness of Breast Cancer among Nursing Students

Background: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women worldwide and its incidence is increasing in many countries. Breast cancer could happen to any woman irrespective of her education, social or cultural background. The lack of knowledge and incorrect perception about breast cancer prevention among females are responsible for the negative perception of the curability of cancer detected early and of the efficacy of the screening tests. It is, therefore, important to assess the level of awareness of risk factors in our communities. Therefore the present study is aimed to assess the awareness of breast cancer among nursing students. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted among nursing students of SAVEETHA MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL, CHENNAI. A total of 150 nursing students were included in the study with their prior consent. The study period was from 21 st January 2019 to 30 the March 2019. Results: Our results showed insufficient knowledge of breast cancer among nursing students eventhough majority of them have heard of it. The results indicated the need for increased breast cancer awareness among university students. Conclusions: Our study participants did not have adequate knowledge on risk factors and symptoms of breast cancer .The implications of this study are to emphasize the need to teach nursing students breast cancer awareness and detection of breast cancer in the early stage their undergraduate courses

Understanding Women's Treatment Preferences for Pelvic Floor Disorders [40F

INTRODUCTION: One in four women 20-years and older have at least one pelvic floor disorder (PFD). Studies show there is a lack of awareness and incorrect perception of PFDs among women of all ages. These factors may affect how women treat PFDs. Therefore, this study assessed women of different ages and risk levels knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors around PFDs to understand treatment decisions. METHODS: Researchers sought and gained informed consent from women of varying ages, ethnicities, and risk levels to participate in qualitative one-on-one interviews (n=20) and a focus group (n=6). After data collection, the participants' data were split into four groups for thematic analysis: women under 50 without PFD (n=12), women under 50 with PFD (n=3), women 50 or over without PFD (n=2), and women 50 or over with PFD (n=9). RESULTS: Age and risk level were not variables in participants’ treatment decisions. The majority of participants were not aware PFDs are a medical issue; they were more likely to say that they wouldn’t seek treatment from physicians, instead saying they would just wear pads or do Kegels. Once participants were made aware of PFDs being a legitimate medical issue, factors like time, income, convenience/ease of use, and perceived efficacy were cited as prefaces to treatment. Generally, noninvasive measures were the first choice of women of each category. Four out of five women who had a PFD-related surgery regretted it. CONCLUSION: Women of all categories need to be better informed of PFDs by their gynecologists in order to make more informed treatment decisions.

Perceptual errors are related to shifts in generalization of conditioned responding.

Studies of perceptual generalization have recently demonstrated a close relationship between stimulus perception and conditioned responding, suggesting that incorrect stimulus perception might account for certain characteristics of generalization gradients. In this study, we investigated whether common phenomena, such as the area and peak shift in conditioned responding, relate to perceptual errors. After a differential conditioning procedure, in which one circle was paired with the presentation of an aversive picture whereas a different-sized circle was not, we combined a generalization test with a three-alternative forced-choice perceptual categorization task where participants had to indicate on every trial whether the presented circle was one of the two circles from the conditioning phase or a different one, after which US-expectancy ratings were collected. The typical peak and area shift were observed when conditioned responses were plotted on a physical dimension. However, when stimulus perception was incorporated generalization gradients diverged from the typical gradient. Both the area and peak shift largely disappeared when accounting for perceptual errors. These findings demonstrate the need to incorporate perceptual mechanisms in associative models.

Misclassification of Self-Reported Body Mass Index Categories.

Overweight and obesity are an increasingly serious public health problem in Western societies, including Germany. The tendency of overweight and obese people not to classify themselves as such limits the efficacy of information on the health risks of these conditions and lessens the motivation to change behavior accordingly. In this article, we summarize the available study data on the selfperception of weight class. We present and discuss the differences between selfreported body-mass index (BMI) category and the actual category of the BMI when it is calculated from the individual's measured height and weight. We systematically searched the Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases in August 2017 for pertinent publications. The study protocol was published in the PROSPERO register (CRD42017064230). Meta-analyses were calculable for a number of subgroup analyses. A total of 50 studies from 25 countries were identified that contained findings on self-estimation of weight in a total of 173 971 study participants. The percentage of correct self-categorizations of BMI category varied from 16% to 83%, with marked heterogeneity of the population groups studied. In Europe, women overestimated their BMI category three times as often as men (RR: 3.22; 95% confidence interval: [2.87; 3.62], I2 = 0%). Most erroneous classifications were based on underestimates. Study participants of normal weight were more likely than others to categorize their BMI correctly. In European studies, 50.3-75.8% categorized their BMI correctly. Low socioeconomic status was associated with an incorrect perception of BMI. The self-assignment of BMI categories is often erroneous, with underestimates being more common than overestimates. Physicians should take particular care to provide appropriate information to persons belonging to groups in which underestimating one's BMI is common, such as overweight people and men in general.

Un modelo probabilístico de inventarios por demanda independiente mediante el uso de GRASP

El objetivo de este estudio es minimizar el gasto de pedido innecesario que realiza la pañalera “La mejor pañalera”, debido a la poca demanda que tienen ciertos productos. Esta problemática surge debido a que los dueños tienen una incorrecta percepción sobre la demanda de los productos, realizando pedidos de forma empírica provocando que exista excedentes de estos en el establecimiento y por consiguiente se producen perdidas monetarias. Para llevar a cabo el objetivo de este estudio, se implementará una metodología que implica la aplicación del algoritmo Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure (GRASP) y Simulación de Montecarlo, la cual permitirá estimar cómo se comportará la demanda de los productos en el año 2020 tomando los datos históricos del negocio del año 2017, 2018, 2019, generando el segundo semestre del año 2019 con la simulación de Montecarlo. Obteniendo como resultado que la simulación y los métodos metaheurísticos dan valores cercanos a la realidad, resultado se obtuvo un 19.33% de reducción en gastos para 1 producto.