Incorrect Order Research Articles

Does the Way we Memorize Information Depend on the Way We are Going to Use It?

Existing research has shown modality-specific differences in short-term memory performance. Almost all previous studies have manipulated the input information without considering the way it will be used at output. In the current study, participants memorized spatially ordered arrays of letter-like shapes simultaneously shown on a screen, and recalled the stimuli by (i) drawing them on a sheet of paper, (ii) typing them on a keyboard according to a specified item-to-key map, and (iii) pronouncing them aloud using an item-to-letter map suggested by the letter-like items’ appearance. It was assumed that manipulating the output modality using the fixed stimuli set would lead to favoring different encoding strategies and subsequently result in different error patterns. Although visual input seems to be the main determinant of overall error rates in the drawing, typing and pronouncing tasks, less prominent but robust output-related differences between these tasks were also found. The pen and paper copying task showed a significant excess of substitutions called “upside down errors” and incorrect order responses. The typing task showed a significant excess of omissions. The pronouncing task showed a significant excess of mirror errors and the lowest rate of 90-degree rotations. The differences among patterns of errors in the different tasks are consistent with the hypothesized impact of the output modality on the way that visual information is stored in working memory.

Corrigendum

Sociology 2015; 49(5): 937–954 Gareth M Thomas and Joanna Latimer In/Exclusion in the Clinic: Down’s Syndrome, Dysmorphology and the Ethics of Everyday Medical Work 10.1177/0038038515588470 The authors submitted the article with an incorrect author order, and have requested a corrigendum to correct this error. The order should be Joanna Latimer and Gareth M Thomas.

Accuracy in completion of death certificate in Vadodara Municipal Corporation of Gujarat, India

Background: Death certificates render epidemiologists and other researchers with statistical data concerning causes of death within the society. The certificates that are filled out incorrectly would furnish false and unreliable data. Objective: To determine whether these certificates are being filled correctly by clinicians, how frequently errors are occurring, and what types of errors are being committed by the physicians in our country. Materials and Methods: A total of 1,947 consecutive death certificates issued by community physicians were collected from 12 administrative wards of 4 zones of Vadodara Municipal Corporation (VMC) from June 2012 to November 2013. Errors were grouped into major (unacceptable cause of death, nonspecific cause of death, and incorrect order) and minor categories (absence of time interval, irrelevant information, and incorrectly completed). Result: Of 1,947 certificates, only 1.1% certificates were error free. Major and minor errors were found in 98.9% certificates, and 81.5% revealed at least one major error, most commonly listing the mechanism of death without mention of an underlying disease as the cause of death, which was found in 1,325 (69.6%) certificates. Causes of these errors (99%) were lack of training and diagnostic difficulty. Several errors were found in nonmedical part, which highlight “routine attitude” of certifier. Conclusion: Errors are common in the completion of death certificates issued by community physicians in VMC. There is a pressing need for appropriate intervention/s to resolve this important issue.

Evaluation of a Scalable Information Analytics System for Enhanced Situational Awareness in Mass Casualty Events.

We investigate the utility of DIORAMA-II system which provides enhanced situational awareness within a disaster scene by using real-time visual analytics tools and a collaboration platform between the incident commander and the emergency responders. Our trials were conducted in different geographical areas (feature-rich and featureless regions) and in different lighting conditions (daytime and nighttime). DIORAMA-II obtained considerable time gain in efficiency compared to conventional paper based systems. DIORAMA-II time gain was reflected in reduction of both average triage time per patient (up to 34.3% average triage time reduction per patient) and average transport time per patient (up to 76.3% average transport time reduction per red patient and up to 66.3% average transport time reduction per yellow patient). In addition, DIORAMA-II ensured that no patients were left behind or transported in the incorrect order compared to the conventional method which resulted in patients being left behind and transported in the incorrect order.

A hybrid seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average and quantile regression for daily food sales forecasting

In the retail stage of a food supply chain, food waste and stock-outs occur mainly due to inaccurate forecasting of sales which leads to incorrect ordering of products. The time series sales in food retail industry are characterized by high volatility and skewness, which vary by time. So, the interval forecasts are required by the retail companies to set appropriate inventory policy (reorder point or safety stock level). This paper attempts to develop a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average with external variables (SARIMAX) model to forecast daily sales of a perishable food. The process of fitting a SARIMAX model in this study involves: (i) the development of Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) model and (ii) combining the SARIMA model and the demand influencing factors using linear regression. As the SARIMAX using multiple linear regression (SARIMA-MLR) model produces only mean forecast, the possibility of underestimation and overestimation is very high due to high service level, peak, and sparse sales in food retail industry. Therefore, a hybrid SARIMA and Quantile Regression (SARIMA-QR) is developed to construct high and low quantile predictions. Instead of extrapolating the quantiles from the mean point forecasts of SARIMA-MLR model based on the assumption of normality, the SARIMA-QR model directly forecasts the quantiles. The developed SARIMA-MLR and SARIMA-QR models are applied in modeling and forecasting of sales data, i.e., the daily sales of banana from a discount retail store in Lower Bavaria, Germany. The results show that the SARIMA-MLR and -QR models yield better forecasts at out-sample data when compared to seasonal naïve forecasting, traditional SARIMA, and multi-layered perceptron neural network (MLPNN) models. Unlike the SARIMA-MLR model, the SARIMA-QR model provides better prediction intervals and a deep insight into the effects of demand influencing factors for different quantiles.

Performance Evaluation and Enhancement of Process-Based Parallel Loop Execution

Parallel programming is known to be difficult and error-prone. Thread-based parallel execution has particular difficulties due to the tendency for the program to contain errors such as incorrect operation ordering, atomicity violation, and others. Worse yet, as many of such erroneous behaviors tend to be non-deterministic, the programmer is often unable to reproduce the exact event sequence that causes the program failure, which makes diagnosis difficult. In contrast, with process-based parallel execution, unintended data sharing can be avoided, thanks to the isolated address spaces among processes, which greatly simplifies the run-time program states, making it easier to reproduce and diagnose an error. Nonetheless, parallel loop execution on multicore has been dominated by parallel threads and thread-based language extensions and tools. This seems to be due to a long-held common wisdom that process-based parallel execution incurs much higher overhead. This paper reports experimental results that show the competitiveness of process-based parallel loop execution. Several benchmark programs of process-based parallel execution achieved speedups ranging from 6.73 to 20.24 on a 32 cores machine.

Cue strength in second-language processing: an eye-tracking study.

This study used eye-tracking and grammaticality judgement measures to examine how second-language (L2) learners process syntactic violations in English. Participants were native Arabic and native Mandarin Chinese speakers studying English as an L2, and monolingual English-speaking controls. The violations involved incorrect word order and differed in two ways predicted to be important by the unified competition model [UCM; MacWhinney, B. (2005). A unified model of language acquisition. In J. F. Kroll & A. M. B. de Groot (Eds.), Handbook of bilingualism: Psycholinguistic approaches (pp. 49-67). Oxford: Oxford University Press.]. First, one violation had more and stronger cues to ungrammaticality than the other. Second, the grammaticality of these word orders varied in Arabic and Mandarin Chinese. Sensitivity to violations was relatively quick overall, across all groups. Sensitivity also was related to the number and strength of cues to ungrammaticality regardless of native language, which is consistent with the general principles of the UCM. However, there was little evidence of cross-language transfer effects in either eye movements or grammaticality judgements.

The Association between Subjective Cognitive Functioning and Quality of Life in Bipolar Disorder

The authors wish to highlight some important corrections for the article The Association between Subjective Cognitive Functioning and Quality of Life in Bipolar Disorder (10.1093/arclin/acu038) published in Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology Volume 29, Issue 6 as follows: One author name was listed in the incorrect order. The text should say Ivan Torres, not Torres Ivan. Please note this edit does not change the conclusions of the paper or the co-authors. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 30 (2015) 180

An analysis of error patterns in children's backward digit recall in noise.

The purpose of the study was to determine whether perceptual masking or cognitive processing accounts for a decline in working memory performance in the presence of competing speech. The types and patterns of errors made on the backward digit span in quiet and multitalker babble at -5 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were analyzed. The errors were classified into two categories: item (if digits that were not presented in a list were repeated) and order (if correct digits were repeated but in an incorrect order). Fifty five children with normal hearing were included. All the children were aged between 7 years and 10 years. Repeated measures of analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) revealed the main effects for error type and digit span length. In terms of listening condition interaction it was found that the order errors occurred more frequently than item errors in the degraded listening condition compared to quiet. In addition, children had more difficulty recalling the correct order of intermediate items, supporting strong primacy and recency effects. Decline in children's working memory performance was not primarily related to perceptual difficulties alone. The majority of errors was related to the maintenance of sequential order information, which suggests that reduced performance in competing speech may result from increased cognitive processing demands in noise.

Whole-word response scoring underestimates functional spelling ability for some individuals with global agraphia

Whole-word response scoring underestimates functional spelling ability for some individuals with global agraphia

Accurate ab initio description of adsorption on coordinatively unsaturated Cu(2+) and Fe(3+) sites in MOFs.

The performance of different exchange-correlation functionals was evaluated for the description of the interaction of small molecules with (i) cluster models containing Cu(2+) and Fe(3+) coordinatively unsaturated metal sites and (ii) HKUST-1 metal organic framework (MOF). Adsorbates forming dispersion-bound complexes (CH4), complexes with important dispersion and electrostatic contributions (H2, N2, CO2), and complexes stabilized also by a partial dative bond (CO, H2O, and NH3) were considered. The interaction with coordinatively unsaturated sites was evaluated with respect to the coupled-cluster calculations for Cu(2+) and Fe(3+) centers represented by cluster models. The adsorption on dispersion-stabilized sites was examined for the cage-window and the cage-center sites in HKUST-1 with respect to the experimental and DFT/CC results. None of the functionals considered can accurately describe the interaction of all seven adsorbates with Cu(2+) and Fe(3+) sites and with dispersion-dominated adsorption sites. The interaction with coordinatively unsaturated sites was frequently underestimated, for adsorbates forming a partial dative bond in particular, while the adsorption at dispersion-stabilized sites was overestimated. Consequently, interaction energies calculated for different adsorption sites were often in qualitatively incorrect order. The optimal exchange-correlation functional for a particular adsorbate/MOF can thus be found by comparing the performance of various functionals with respect to highly accurate calculations on smaller cluster models as a good representative of MOF structural building blocks.

Posture-based processing in visual short-term memory for actions.

Visual perception of human action involves both form and motion processing, which may rely on partially dissociable neural networks. If form and motion are dissociable during visual perception, then they may also be dissociable during their retention in visual short-term memory (VSTM). To elicit form-plus-motion and form-only processing of dance-like actions, individual action frames can be presented in the correct or incorrect order. The former appears coherent and should elicit action perception, engaging both form and motion pathways, whereas the latter appears incoherent and should elicit posture perception, engaging form pathways alone. It was hypothesized that, if form and motion are dissociable in VSTM, then recognition of static body posture should be better after viewing incoherent than after viewing coherent actions. However, as VSTM is capacity limited, posture-based encoding of actions may be ineffective with increased number of items or frames. Using a behavioural change detection task, recognition of a single test posture was significantly more likely after studying incoherent than after studying coherent stimuli. However, this effect only occurred for spans of two (but not three) items and for stimuli with five (but not nine) frames. As in perception, posture and motion are dissociable in VSTM.

Absence of significant structural changes near the magnetic ordering temperature in small-ion rare earth perovskite RMnO3

Detailed structural measurements on multiple length scales were conducted on a new perovskite phase of ScMnO3, and on orthorhombic LuMnO3 as a benchmark. Complementary density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out, and predict that ScMnO3 possesses E-phase magnetic order at low temperature with displacements of the Mn sites (relative to the high temperature state) of ∼0.07 Å, compared to ∼0.04 Å predicted for LuMnO3. However, detailed local, intermediate and long-range structural measurements by x-ray pair distribution function analysis, single crystal x-ray diffraction and x-ray absorption spectroscopy, find no local or long-range distortions on crossing into the low temperature E-phase of the magnetically ordered state. The measurements place upper limits on any structural changes to be at most one order of magnitude lower than DFT predictions and suggest that this theoretical approach does not properly account for the spin–lattice coupling in these oxides and may possibly predict the incorrect magnetic order at low temperatures. The results suggest that the electronic contribution to the electrical polarization dominates and should be more accurately treated in theoretical models.

Teaching Culture and Identifying Language Interference Errors through Films

This study reflects intermediate level learners’ opinion about employing films in the EFL classroom for teaching culture and avoiding negative language transfer. A total of 63 participants, aged 21-23, took part in the experiment in the Faculty of Philology at Suleyman Demirel University in Almaty, Kazakhstan. During the experiment the subjects were demonstrated six extracts with culture laden scenes in a time range of 1-3 minutes. Participants had to detect peculiarities of American and Japanese cultures and compare them with Kazakh traditions. In the second part of the experiment, the subjects had to dub the film clips from Russian into English and compare their work with the original sequence. The study showed that the participants enjoyed both activities, and were ready to do them on a regular basis. Students also claim that Japanese and Kazakh cultures have certain similarities, yet there are significant differences too. The learners also assert that Kazakhs have been affected by globalization. As a result, Kazakhs share beliefs and opinions of American culture in some aspects. The most frequent mistakes in dubbing among the learners were omitting articles, incorrect word order in direct and indirect questions, incorrect use of present perfect and past simple tenses, and word-for-word translation. This work adds to the field of culture, language transfer and using films in the EFL classroom.

A note on the paper “A new general eighth-order family of iterative methods for solving nonlinear equations”

In this work, we briefly talk about the incorrect convergence order presented in the paper Khan et al. (Appl. Math. Lett. 25:2262–2266, 2012). Accordingly, we first show that their convergence theorem includes major errors, and it is attempted to provide the correct error equation of their method having fifth-order not eighth-order convergence. Finally, to support our assertion, some numerical examples are tested.

Timing and order of transmission events is not directly reflected in a pathogen phylogeny.

Pathogen phylogenies are often used to infer spread among hosts. There is, however, not an exact match between the pathogen phylogeny and the host transmission history. Here, we examine in detail the limitations of this relationship. First, all splits in a pathogen phylogeny of more than 1 host occur within hosts, not at the moment of transmission, predating the transmission events as described by the pretransmission interval. Second, the order in which nodes in a phylogeny occur may be reflective of the within-host dynamics rather than epidemiologic relationships. To investigate these phenomena, motivated by within-host diversity patterns, we developed a two-phase coalescent model that includes a transmission bottleneck followed by linear outgrowth to a maximum population size followed by either stabilization or decline of the population. The model predicts that the pretransmission interval shrinks compared with predictions based on constant population size or a simple transmission bottleneck. Because lineages coalesce faster in a small population, the probability of a pathogen phylogeny to resemble the transmission history depends on when after infection a donor transmits to a new host. We also show that the probability of inferring the incorrect order of multiple transmissions from the same host is high. Finally, we compare time of HIV-1 infection informed by genetic distances in phylogenies to independent biomarker data, and show that, indeed, the pretransmission interval biases phylogeny-based estimates of when transmissions occurred. We describe situations where caution is needed not to misinterpret which parts of a phylogeny that may indicate outbreaks and tight transmission clusters.

Erratum

The authors of an article published in the February 2014 issue of the Archives (Evaluation of Barrett Esophagus by Multiphoton Microscopy) are shown in the incorrect order in the byline. The correct citation for this paper is: Chen J, Wong S, Nathanson MH, Jain D. Evaluation of barrett esophagus by multiphoton microscopy. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2014;138(2):204-212.In addition, the number of the grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China shown in the acknowledgment on page 211 is incorrect. The correct grant number is 8127162.

Reconstructing Handwriting Character Font Models with Incorrect Stroke Order

This paper considers the problem for reconstructing handwriting character fonts based on the so-called dynamic font method. In particular, supposing that the authors are given such character fonts with incorrect stroke order, the authors develop a scheme for correctly modifying the stroke order of characters. Such a scheme is developed by utilizing the so-called starting point fixation method and the dynamic font method. Then it is shown using a theory of smoothing splines that the authors can reconstruct the character fonts to natural cursive characters even when the stroke order of characters is incorrect. The usefulness and effectiveness are examined by experimental studies.

Correction: Suicide Ideation of Individuals in Online Social Networks

This article was republished on January 6th, 2014 because of the incorrect order of the tables. Please download this article again to view the tables in the correct order.

Units: Universal True SDSA (Structure-Dependent Sequence Alignment)

Motivation: The Universal True SDSA (Structure-dependent Sequence Alignment), or UniTS, program calculates the most probable amino acid sequence alignment derived from multiple superimposed protein three-dimensional structures. Additionally, utilizing this newly generated SDSA, UniTS calculates improved quality assessment scores (e.g., RMSD, etc.) for the superimposed protein structures. Although other algorithms have been developed to derive an amino acid sequence alignment from aligned protein three-dimensional structures utilizing atomic proximity, none of these appropriately manages multiple residue matches, prevents the incorrect ordering of residues, and sequentially aligns structurally nonconserved regions. UniTS compensates for the weaknesses inherent in residue profile-based SDSA programs and structural alignment programs. Unlike the residue profile-based SDSA programs utilized as precursors to threading and homology modeling, UniTS is truly structure-dependent. Results: The results presented herein demonstrate that UniTS calculates the universal sequence alignment for the complete protein compared to the partial sequence alignment derived from structural alignment programs. Furthermore, these results demonstrate the capability of UniTS to refine the sequence alignment input into a superpositioning program and utilize this refined alignment to calculate improved structural quality assessment scores. Finally, the quality score generation capabili