Incorporating Crumb Rubber Research Articles

Incorporating crumb rubber in slag-based geopolymer: Experimental work and predictive modelling

Crumb rubber (CR), a prevalent hazardous waste material, poses significant environmental challenges that necessitate innovative management strategies. Recent studies have focused on incorporating CR and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) into geopolymer concrete (GC) to address this challenge. This research presents a novel approach that combines experimental analysis with machine learning (ML) techniques to investigate the chemical effects of these materials on GC. Initially, compressive strength (CS) tests are conducted on rubberized geopolymer (RG) concrete, and the resulting data are further analyzed through ML algorithms to enhance the understanding of material behavior. Despite numerous attempts by researchers to integrate CR into geopolymer-based materials, the challenge of mitigating strength degradation persists. Therefore, it becomes imperative to construct a predictive model that relies on new variables influencing the strength characteristics. This research develops a predictive model to assess concrete compressive strength (CS). Key variables such as CR grade (particle size), incorporation percentage, and oxide ratio were analyzed for their impact on geopolymer strength. Employing ensemble techniques, namely Bagging (BA) and Gradient boosting (GB) with five learners (M5P, random forest (RF), random tree (RT), reduced error pruning tree (REPT), and support vector machine (SVM), the study found that M5P-GB models offered the most accurate CS predictions with the highest accuracy and lowest errors. Moreover, the dataset was checked via the k-fold cross-validation technique and confirmed the developed models' robustness, reliability, and effectiveness. Furthermore, uncertainty analysis revealed that GB-M5P-unpruned models-maintained uncertainty percentages of 14.769 % at 7 days and 11.277 % at 28 days, which was under the 35 % threshold. Additionally, the sensitivity analysis identified the CR grade and replacement percentage by volume of crusher dust (CD) as the most critical factors affecting CS. These findings underscore the importance of considering predictive model development in decision-making processes related to RG concrete properties, providing valuable insights into optimizing the model's robustness and reliability for practical applications. However, the study's reliance on specific input parameters and controlled laboratory conditions may limit the generalizability of the predictive models, necessitating further validation under diverse real-world conditions and variations in CR source and environmental factors.

THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CRUMB RUBBER STEEL FIBER CONCRETE (CRSFC)

Waste materials can be used in concrete as part of replacement material. Currently, 4 billion tires are abandoned in landfills, with 1 billion generated annually and 1.2 billion dumped without treatment by 2030. The number of waste tires is continually increasing, because of the growing use of transport vehicles. Therefore, effectively reusing waste tires as crumb rubber in the mix of concrete can save energy and protect the environment, while the use of steel fiber in the concrete will help enhance its properties. The aim this research to producing the steel fiber crumb rubber concrete (CRSFC) and to balance the issues of strength loss and sustainability. Crumb rubber is used as sand replacement in the mix concrete in the following proportions: 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%, while steel fiber is added in the following proportions: 0.5% by volume. Slump, compressive strength, dry density, water absorption, ultrasonic pulse velocity, and rebound hammer tests are performed on the concrete after curing. As the percentage of CRSFC increased, the slump value and dry density decreased while the water absorption increased. Steel fiber helps increase compressive strength by 33 % over normal concrete. The optimum percentage of crumb rubber in CRSFC as a sand replacement is approximately 5% to 10% by volume. In summary, incorporating crumb rubber and steel fibers into concrete can result in a more eco-friendly and resilient construction material.

Strength and durability characteristics of self compacting recycled aggregate concrete incorporating crumb rubber, fly ash and silica fume

Strength and durability characteristics of self compacting recycled aggregate concrete incorporating crumb rubber, fly ash and silica fume

Effects of crumb rubber and styrene-butadiene rubber additives on the properties of asphalt binder and the Marshall performance properties of asphalt mixtures

The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of incorporating crumb rubber (CR) and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) additives, ranging from 0% to 5% by weight of bitumen, on the performance of a bituminous concrete mixture using the wet process. Laboratory experiments, including the Marshall test, were conducted to establish the optimum bitumen content (OBC) for the hot mix. The study focuses on determining the optimal proportions of CR and SBR to achieve maximum strength. The results show that increasing the proportions of both CR and SBR leads to significant improvements in strength, with the maximum stability recorded at 16.14 kN and a flow of 1.23 mm for a mix containing 5% CR and 4% SBR. The findings further suggest an inverse relationship between CR content and strength, while an increasing SBR content enhances strength. Consequently, the optimal proportions for incorporating CR and SBR additives are identified as 5% and 4%, respectively.

Effect of crumb rubber and reclaimed asphalt pavement on viscoelastic property of asphalt mixture

Crumb rubber and reclaimed asphalt pavement have been widely used in the application of pavement engineering as they would greatly improve the high-temperature stability and rutting resistance of asphalt mixtures. This study aimed to give a comparative analysis of the viscoelastic improvement effect of crumb rubber and reclaimed asphalt pavement. In laboratory tests, 2 virgin binder contents, 2 crumb rubber contents, 2 sources of reclaimed asphalt pavement, and 2 reclaimed asphalt pavement contents were involved to produce 12 different types of asphalt mixtures with controlled aggregates gradation. Single axle creep test and dynamic modulus test were conducted to acquire stress-strain response under static and dynamic loading conditions. Creep performance was obtained under 20 °C, 35 °C and 50 °C, and dynamic modulus was obtained under 5 °C, 20 °C, 35 °C and 50 °C at 0.1 Hz, 0.5 Hz, 1 Hz, 5 Hz, 10 Hz and 25 Hz. Master curves were constructed for creep compliance, complex modulus, phase angle, storage, and loss modulus in the time and frequency domains, and an optimal fitting model was selected. As a result, it was found that both crumb rubber and reclaimed asphalt pavement had a positive effect on the elasticity of the asphalt mixture. In most scenarios, the elasticity improvement was dominated by reclaimed asphalt pavement but it was dependent on the aged binder content. The effect of incorporating crumb rubber and reclaimed asphalt pavement together was comparable to the sum of the effect when incorporating each of them solely.

Influence of Warm Mix Asphalt Additives on the Physical Characteristics of Crumb Rubber Asphalt Binders

This investigation is centered around the application of warm mix asphalt (WMA) technologies to address workability concerns linked to rubberized asphalt binders. The primary aim of incorporating crumb rubber (CR) and WMA additives is to establish a robust paving method that fosters energy conservation, efficient waste management, noise reduction, and improved overall performance. The current study aims to comprehensively characterize and differentiate the physical attributes of rubberized asphalt binders by employing three distinct WMA additives: Sasobit, Cecabase RT and Rediset WMX. These additives are introduced into eight unique asphalt binders. Laboratory assessments are carried out to evaluate the workability and physical properties of these binders. The evaluation encompasses penetration, softening point, penetration index, penetration viscosity number, storage stability, ductility, viscosity, and stiffness modulus analyses. The findings indicate that the rubberized asphalt binder enhanced with Sasobit demonstrates the highest levels of both hardness and softening point in comparison to asphalt binders supplemented with alternative WMA additives. The evaluation of storage stability underscores the satisfactory stability across all modified asphalt binders. Both the unmodified and modified binders meet the requirements stipulated by the ductility test; the rubberized asphalt binder modified with Rediset falls short. The rubberized asphalt binder improved with Sasobit displays the most notable enhancement in workability. Furthermore, the blend of crumb rubber and Sasobit binder reveals the highest stiffness modulus values under conditions of intermediate and high temperatures with 1.88 and 0.46 MPa, respectively. In summation, the rubberized asphalt binder incorporating crumb rubber with Sasobit showcases superior improvements in both stiffness and workability compared to counterparts modified with Cecabase RT and Rediset WMX.

The evaluation of crumb rubber as a filler in asphalt mixture to against moisture sensitivity

In Malaysia, road pavements are frequently damaged by the accumulation of water on the surface caused by heavy rain, due to the humid climate. The presence of water within the asphaltic concrete mixture particles may impede their workability. Exposure towards natural phenomenon such as rain can be the main cause related to the presence of water inside the asphalt pavements. To improve road conditions for users, it is necessary to consider alternative road pavement designs. This study proposes using rubber crumb as modifier as its water-impermeable characteristic will be able to enhance the performance of standard asphalt mixtures to reduce asphalt mixtures moisture sensitivity. Subsequently, the Marshall Mix Design method was utilized to conduct Indirect Tensile Strength tests in order to achieve the objectives of this study. A total of 16 samples were prepared for this study, comprising of standard asphaltic combinations as well as asphaltic mixtures with different percentages of crumb rubber (0%, 4%, 6%, and 8%) relative to the overall weight of the asphalt mixtures. In comparison to the typical way of asphaltic mixture, the sample that utilized crumb rubber as a modifier had a substantially greater value of strength based on the Indirect Tensile Strength Test results. As expected from the findings of the study, the presents of water in asphalt mixtures reduces the asphalt mixtures strength and workability. To conclude, incorporating crumb rubber in asphalt mixtures enhances their effectiveness in resisting moisture sensitivity.

Optimization of asphalt mixture design using response surface method for stone matrix warm mix asphalt incorporating crumb rubber modified binder

The use of crumb rubber as an asphalt bitumen performance improver has received special attention. The high viscosity of crumb rubber modified binder (CRMB) and the need for high production temperatures in mixtures containing this type of bitumen necessitate the use of warm mix asphalt (WMA) technology. One of the important applications of CRMB is in special-use mixtures such as stone matrix asphalt (SMA). This study aimed to determine the optimal design of stone matrix warm mix asphalt containing CRMB. Therefore, the response surface method (RSM) was used to develop the response prediction models. Production temperature and the content of polyethylene wax and CRMB were considered independent variables of the study. Moisture sensitivity, flow number, resilient modulus, and critical stress intensity factor were used as response (dependent) variables to determine the optimal design of the mixture. The results showed that the prediction models of response variables can predict the performance results with acceptable accuracy. Production temperature and polyethylene wax content are the most important factors in prediction models. To achieve the optimal design of the mixture, minimizing the production temperature and resilient modulus and maximizing the flow number, resistance to moisture susceptibility, and critical stress intensity factor led to the achievement of desirable solutions. The optimal design of stone matrix warm mix asphalt containing CRMB at 135 °C, 7.02 % CRMB, and 2.1 % polyethylene wax using predictive models with 0.765 desirability were obtained.

Progressive Collapse Resistance of RC Beam–Slab Substructures Made with Rubberized Concrete

Abnormal loads can produce localized damage that can eventually cause progressive collapse of the whole reinforced concrete (RC) structure. This might have devastating financial repercussions and cause numerous severe casualties. Numerical simulation, using the finite element method (FEM), of the consequences of abnormal loads on buildings is thus required to avoid the significant expenses associated with testing full-scale buildings and to save time. In this paper, FEM simulations, using ABAQUS software, were employed to investigate the progressive collapse resistance of the full-scale three-dimensional (3D) beam–slab substructures, considering two concrete mixes, namely: normal concrete (NC) and rubberized concrete (RuC) which was made by incorporating crumb rubber at 20% by volume replacement for sand. The FEM accuracy and dependability were validated using available experimental test results. Concrete and steel material non-linearity were considered in the FE modelling. The numerical study is extended to include eight new models with various specifics (a set of parameters) for further understanding of progressive collapse. Results showed that slabs contribute more than a third of the load resistance, which also significantly improves the building’s progressive collapse resistance. Moreover, the performance of the RuC specimens was excellent in the catenary stage, which develops additional resilience to significant deformation to prevent or even mitigate progressive collapse.

Axial compressive behavior of concrete incorporating crumb rubber pretreated with waste quarry dust

Rubber decomposition is extremely slow and time-consuming. Thus, the disposal of waste tires causes environmental issues and is very dangerous for public health. One way to reduce this environmental burden is adding waste rubber to develop green concrete. Using crumb rubber as aggregate in concrete reduces its mechanical performance. In order to enhance the mechanical properties, the use of waste quarry dust (WQD) – a waste material – for pretreating crumb rubber has been investigated in this study. The research aims to evaluate the mechanical behavior of concrete incorporating rubber particles pretreated with WQD. Nine different mixes were made in which one mix contained no replacement of sand, whereas four mixes were made by substituting (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) of sand by volume with non-treated rubber; the remaining four contained treated rubber with WQD. The compressive stress-strain curve was examined completely, and the compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, ductility, energy absorption capacities, toughness index, and failure mode of concrete specimens, were evaluated. Also, the tensile strength of all samples was investigated. The 20% replacement of treated rubber with sand increased the compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, and tensile strength up to 100%, 86%, and 85%, respectively, compared with the same replacement percentage of non-treated rubber. The 20% substitution of sand with non-treated rubber showed 23% and 49% increased value of ductility and toughness index, respectively, compared with a similar percentage of treated rubber. It was observed that treated rubber exhibited slightly less improvement in post-peak behavior than untreated rubber. The outcome of this rubber treatment approach provides an overview of the effect of rubber treatment on the compressive stress-strain behavior of concrete.

Modelling and Optimizing the Durability Performance of Self Consolidating Concrete Incorporating Crumb Rubber and Calcium Carbide Residue Using Response Surface Methodology

The world is now focusing on a sustainable environment and reducing the effects of global warming. One way to achieve such targets is to properly utilize waste and reduce greenhouse CO2 emissions. The cement industry is responsible for almost 10% of global CO2 emission due to the high demand for cement in the construction industry. One of the ways to minimize this effect is the partial replacement of cement by other materials in concrete. Therefore, in this study, calcium carbide residue (CCR), which is highly rich in calcium oxide, partially replaced cement for waste management. Waste tires were grinded to fine sizes in crumb rubber (CR) and partially replaced the fine aggregate. Therefore, this paper investigared the influence of CR and CCR on the durability properties and heat/temperature resistance of self-compacting concrete (SCC). The experiment was designed using response surface methodology to investigate the effects of CR and CCR on SCC properties, design models for properties of the SCC, and optimize the mixes to achieve the best results. The properties considered were the durability of acid attack resistance (H2SO4 attack), salt attack resistance (MgSO4 attack), and water absorption. The heat resistance considered was weight reduction and residual compressive strength after heating the samples at a 200 °C and 400 °C. The results findings showed that CR and CCR negatively affect the acid and salt resistance of the SCC. Furthermore, CR negatively affects the heat resistance of the SCC, while CCR slightly improved it at 200 °C. The models developed using RSM were significant with high degrees of correlation and predictability. The optimum properties achieved 2.9% CR as a fine aggregate replacement and 5.5% CCR as a cement replacement. The developed models can predict the durability performance of SCC mixes in terms of acid and salt attack resistance and the effects of elevated temperatures using CR, CCR, and fly ash as the variables. This will reduce the need for carrying out experimental work, thereby reducing cost and time.

Mechanical Properties and Durability Performance of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Containing Crumb Rubber.

Despite extensive research studies, recycled aggregates and worn-out tyres of motor vehicles are still not fully reused and are hence disposed of in ways that are damaging to the environment. Several studies have been carried out on recycled aggregate and rubberized concrete, but very limited studies are conducted on rubber recycled aggregate concrete. This study focuses on the workability, mechanical properties and durability performance of concrete made with 100% recycled aggregates and crumb rubber at different replacement level (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%). The first stage of the study covers the effect of incorporating crumb rubber at different concentration on the workability and mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete. The results revealed that the workability and mechanical properties of the recycled aggregate concrete can be used for structural applications when 5% of crumb rubber are used to replace recycled aggregates. The 28-days compressive strength of the rubberized recycled aggregate concrete with 5% crumb rubber concentration is reduced by 21.1% and 32.8% when compared to recycled aggregate concrete and control concrete, respectively. The second stage of the study assesses the durability performance of the recycled aggregate concrete with 5% crumb rubber concentration. The 5% crumb rubber content for durability tests was considered because the ultrasonic pulse velocity tests revealed that the quality of the recycled aggregate concrete is questionable if the concentration of crumb rubber particles is beyond 5%. The durability performance using the surface resistivity test also shows that the chloride ion penetration of recycled aggregates concrete with 5% crumb rubber replacement is moderate using air dried curing technique and high using the water bath curing method. Hence the study suggests the use of rubber recycled aggregate concrete for applications were the exposure condition is not extreme.

Impact of crumb rubber reinforcement on the properties of wood–plastic composites

ABSTRACT The use of crumb rubber is one form of recycling scrap tires that can aid in addressing the environmental concerns of tire disposal. In the present investigation, reinforced wood–plastic composites (WPCs) were manufactured incorporating crumb rubber. The bulk density of crumb rubber-reinforced WPC was found to be 19% higher than the baseline materials. This indicated that crumb rubber assisted in the consolidation process. Both baseline and crumb rubber-reinforced WPC materials were mechanically characterized according to ASTM D 1037. Compression modulus of crumb rubber-reinforced WPC showed an increase of 200% as compared to baseline WPC. Cone calorimetry demonstrated that the peak heat release rate, the maximum average rate of heat emission (MARHE), effective heat of combustion, and fuel load of crumb rubber-reinforced WPC were lower than the baseline WPC. Nonetheless, it was observed that the amount of CO and CO2 produced were more in the case of crumb rubber-reinforced WPC.

Effect of different treatments of crumb rubber on the durability characteristics of rubberized concrete

The durability of concrete incorporating crumb rubber (CR) is adversely affected due to the incompatibility of the CR particles with other ingredients of conventional concrete. Consequently, efforts have been made to improve the durability of concrete by treating the CR. In the present work, the effect of treating CR with NaOH, KMnO4, and cement on the durability of concrete was evaluated. Concrete specimens were prepared with 2, 8, 16, 24, and 40% CR (by weight), partially replacing the sand used as fine aggregate. The durability of crumb rubber concrete (CRC) was evaluated by measuring its water absorption, acid resistance, electrical resistivity, and chloride permeability. The water absorption of CRC decreased due to the use of treated CR. This trend was particularly noted in concrete with high quantities of CR. The acid resistance of concrete with up to 8% NaOH-treated CRC was better than that of untreated-CRC. Although the weight loss was lowest in the KMnO4-treated CRC, the strength loss in this type of concrete was more than that of NaOH- and cement-treated CRC. The cement-treated CRC exhibited the best performance against acid attack even with 40% CR replacing the fine aggregate. A remarkable increase in the electrical resistivity and chloride permeability of CRC was noted due to the crucial changes in the pore structure of concrete containing treated-CR. The improvement in the durability of CRC encourages the use of CR so as to help conserve sand as a scarce commodity in many parts of the world. Moreover, the use of CR in concrete contributes to the circular economy of the world due to the utilization of a waste material, namely scrapped automobile tires.

Preparation and Properties Study of Cementitious Grouts Containing Crumb Rubber

This article aims to improve the toughness of pre-packaged grouts (PPG) by incorporating crumb rubber. The mechanism for toughness of PPG with crumb rubber was analyzed based on the uniaxial compression model. Crumb rubber with surfaces treated by different methods (NaOH solutions or microwave treatment) was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of mesh sizes, amounts, surface-treated methods of crumb rubber, and mixing procedures on the PPG’s mechanical strength and rheological properties were investigated. The results showed that, firstly, the addition of crumb rubber improves the PPG’s toughness, while its mechanical strength is reduced. Adding NaOH solutions or microwave-treated crumb rubber into PPG can weaken the negative effects of crumb rubber on the PPG’s mechanical strength; however, this function is limited. Secondly, the crumb rubber grouts’ rheological properties can be fully exploited by increasing the stirring rate and time so that the fluidity of crumb rubber grouts is improved, which fulfils the characteristics of no bleeding and micro-expansion. Finally, the optimal formula and mixing technique of crumb rubber grouts were proposed in this paper.The results of this paper can provide a significant reference for the application of scrap tires.

The effect of crumb rubber in dense graded and open graded cold mixture asphalt

Recycling tires is one of the eco-friendly way for reducing environmental problems. Incorporating crumb rubber in asphalt mixtures is an alternative way for reusing the end-of-life tires in road construction. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the cold mix asphalt incorporating crumb rubber as a substitute for a part of fine aggregates. In this study, the aggregate gradations for mix design were selected according to the specification, Dense Graded Emulsion Mixtures (DGEM) Type IV and Open Graded Emulsion Mixtures (OGEM) Type E/20. The design bitumen content in this study was optimized for stability, void in mixture (porosity), and density. Crumb Rubber (CR) emulsion mixtures were made with optimum bitumen content at 8% by mass of total mixture for DGEM and OGEM. In order to incorporate crumb rubber into the cold emulsion mixtures, laboratory testing were performed for 25% and 50% of fine aggregates replaced with an equal volume of crumb rubber. In general, CR emulsion mixtures showed good results in all parameters. The CR emulsion mixtures also had a good comparison to hot mix asphalt specification for medium volume traffic loads with porosity less than 10%. From this study, crumb rubber can be recommended as a substitution material of fine aggregates in cold mix asphalt.

Functional and environmental performance of plant-produced crumb rubber asphalt mixtures using the dry process

Incorporating crumb rubber (CR) using the dry process, directly in the asphalt mixture rather than into the bituminous binder requires no plant retrofitting, and therefore is the most practical industrial method for CR incorporation into asphalt mixtures. Nevertheless, very few large scale studies have been conducted. This work uses a holistic approach and reports on the functional and environmental performance of asphalt mixtures with different concentrations of CR fabricated employing the dry process in asphalt plants. Gaseous emissions were monitored during the production and laboratory leaching tests simulating the release of pollutants during rain, was conducted to evaluate the toxicology of both the CR material alone and the modified asphalt mixtures. In addition, laboratory compacted samples were tested to assess their fatigue behavior. Furthermore, noise relevant surface properties of large roller compacted slabs were evaluated before and after being subjected to a load simulator (MMLS3) to evaluate their resistance to permanent deformation. The results confirm that comparable performance can be achieved with the incorporation of CR using the dry process for high performance surfaces such as semi-dense asphalt, which usually require the use of polymer modified binders. Environmental performance improvement can be achieved by a washing step of the CR material that could remove polar CR additives which have commonly been used as vulcanization accelerator during rubber production.

Crack properties, toughness and absorption evaluation of FRCC incorporating reclaimed asphalt pavement and crumb rubber as aggregates

The development and application of fibre-reinforced cementitious composites (FRCC) have evolved significantly over the last decade. However, there is a need to find innovative ways to improve the sustainability of composites. The production and transportation of the major binder (i.e. Portland cement) and aggregates used for FRCC consumes high energy and natural resources. Therefore, finding ways to incorporate recycled materials to replace these conventional components can be used to improve the sustainability of the FRCC. Also, the special micro silica sand used to produce certain types of FRCC is a major concern due to its limited availability and higher cost. On the other hand, there exist various waste materials that can be incorporated into FRCC as a replacement of either the binder or aggregate. Hence this current paper aims to investigate the performance of FRCC made with high volume fly ash as partial replacement of Portland cement, and reclaimed asphalt pavement/crumb rubber as replacement of the natural aggregates. The performance of the FRCC incorporating these recycled materials was evaluated in terms of its crack properties, toughness and sorption. Results from this study showed that the use of recycled crumb rubber is beneficial in terms of crack properties and lower sorption. The sorption of FRCC incorporating crumb rubber as the only aggregate was reduced by 31.8%. However, FRCC made with reclaimed asphalt pavement exhibited higher sorption and lower toughness.

Effect of Crushed Glass on the Shear Behavior of Recycled Unbound Granular Aggregates Incorporating Crumb Rubber

Effect of Crushed Glass on the Shear Behavior of Recycled Unbound Granular Aggregates Incorporating Crumb Rubber

Innovative models for predicting post-fire bond behavior of steel rebar embedded in steel fiber reinforced rubberized concrete using soft computing methods

Incorporating crumb rubber (CR) as a substitution for aggregate in concrete is a strategy to mitigate environmental damages caused by this waste. Here, the bond behavior between the steel rebar and high-strength concrete containing CR after exposure heat was studied. Steel fibers (SF) was added in the mix design to evaluate its effect on improving the bond behavior. 108 specimens were fabricated, in which the variables were the volume percentage of CR (0, 5, and 10%), SF volume ratio (0, 0.5, and 1%), applied temperature (200, 400, and 600 °C). Three specimens were fabricated for each composite mixture. Afterward, the pullout test was performed on the hardened specimens to evaluate the bond strength, bond stress-slip behavior, failure mode, and bond strength-compressive strength relationship. The observations showed that incorporating CR lowered the bond strength, and with increasing temperature, this reducing effect increased. In this regard, at the applied temperature of 600 °C, the bond strength of specimens with 5% and 10% CR declined by around 24% and 40%, respectively, compared to that of the reference specimen at the same temperature. Moreover, after testing all the heated specimens, it was found that the reducing impact of temperature rise on the bond strength was negligible up to 200 °C (around 5%), significant up to 400 °C (around 20%), and destructive up to 600 °C (around 65%). Additionally, for the specimens failing in the splitting mode, the effect of incorporating SF was positive, and for the specimens failing in the pullout mode, this effect was negligible and, in some cases, even negative. The empirical results suggest that for the specimen incorporating CR, a greater embedment length must be applied compared to the same specimen without CR. In the end, soft computing methods including gene expression programming (GEP) and artificial neural network (ANN), as two promising techniques, were utilized to predict the bond strength and bond-slip behavior. Then, the experimental findings were compared with those of the equations proposed by ACI-408 and CEB-FIP codes. The developed model exhibits good agreement with experimental results and provides more accurate predictions in comparison with the investigated codes.