Inclusion Bodies In Cells Research Articles

Congenital Hemolytic Anemia with Abnormal Pigment Metabolism and Red Cell Inclusion Bodies: a New Clinical Syndrome

Abstract 1. A case report and special studies of a 14-year-old girl with a congenital hemolytic anemia are reported. 2. Fourteen per cent of her erythrocytes contained unusual inclusion bodies. 3. In addition, the child has been known to pass dark urine since the age of 2½ years. The pigment probably belongs to the bilifuscin and mesobilifuscin group. 4. It is believed that the syndrome is probably caused by an inborn error in erythrocytic metabolism. 5. It has been proposed that the syndrome be named "congenital hemolytic anemia with abnormal pigment metabolism and red cell inclusion bodies."

Generalized cytomegalic inclusion disease, with emphasis on roentgen diagnosis.

Generalized cytomegalic inclusion disease is a systemic disease, primarily of infancy, characterized by the presence of intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in enlarged cells of a variety of viscera. It has been known also as generalized salivary gland virus disease, inclusion disease, and protozoan cell disease. In 1921 Goodpasture and Talbot recognized the abnormal cells as altered tissue cells rather than protozoan organisms and referred to the changes as “cytomegalia” (1). Apparently identical cells have been encountered incidentally in 10 to 32 per cent of salivary glands (2), and in other organs in 1 to 2 per cent of routine infant autopsies (3). In certain cases, however, a specific salivary gland virus infection exists, which probably originates in utero and mayor may not end fatally (4, 5). Pathology The cellular changes of cytomegalic inclusion disease are distinct from those of other diseases in which inclusions occur. There are two general types of lesions microscopically: (a) the “granulomatous” type, showing areas of necrosis, with infiltration of lymphocytes, mononuclear cells, and large inclusion cells, and (b) inclusion cells with necrosis alone. Any of the organs of the body may be affected, but the more usual sites are the kidneys, liver, lungs, and pancreas, with the brain, endocrine glands, and gastrointestinal tract less frequently involved. Few cases of salivary gland involvement are reported, but these glands are not often examined at autopsy. The intranuclear inclusion appears to have an affinity for epithelium, especially in the renal tubules; also in bile ducts, bronchi, alveoli, and salivary ducts. Lesions in the liver may be associated with jaundice, and cirrhosis may result from periportal fibrosis. Bile stasis and hepatic cellular necrosis often occur. In the lungs the inclusions are usually associated with an interstitial pneumonia, a frequent finding with other viral infections. The brain may reveal evidence of meningo-encephalitis, with areas of necrosis, calcification, and at times hemorrhage. The renal lesions are important clinically for diagnostic purposes, as the inclusion cells, which are located in the tubular epithelium, may be shed into the lumen and appear in the urine. Clinical Aspects Cytomegalic inclusion disease may be divided into four main categories: (a) the subclinical variety found in submaxillary glands and other organs at autopsy on stillborn or newborn infants dying of other causes; (b) poorly understood cases occurring apparently in association with other diseases, such as pertussis (5); (c) postulated cases with mild manifestations and recovery; (d) the systemic or generalized variety, which is usually lethal. In children under two months of age, the condition is usually primary and fatal. In older children it may be primary but more often is associated with another disease and plays a minor role.

Some supravital observations on the “L.E.” phenomenon

1. 1. We have reviewed the current literature on the “L.E.” cell phenomenon, the reported methods for demonstrating these cells and the opinions as to the component parts of this phenomenon. 2. 2. We have presented our method for obtaining, preparing and supravitally staining peripheral blood and bone marrow specimens, and five cases demonstrating the “L.E.” phenomenon are summarized. 3. 3. In our studied cases the “L.E.” cell has two component parts. The “L.E.” cell inclusion body has invariably been a mature, autolyzed polymorphonuclear neutrophil. The phagocytic cell, in our experience, has been shown to be either a mature polymorphonuclear neutrophilic, eosinophilic or basophilic leukocyte, with the neutrophilic leukocytes overwhelmingly predominating. 4. 4. Bone marrow examination is the most reliable means of demonstrating “L.E.” cells by our technic even though we have, on routine peripheral blood examination, found “L.E.” cells present in four of the five summarized cases. 5. 5. We present this as a simple, effective, direct method for demonstrating “L.E.” cells without resorting to special manipulative procedures of peripheral blood or bone marrow.

ウイールス性疾患に於ける封入体のbiologyに關する研究

In the course of our investigation about ectromelia virus which began the year before last, we happen to percieve the appearance of intraplasmic inclusion bodies to a great extent in monocytes which were always recognizable in ascites by intraperitoneal inoculation of the virus emulsion. Thus, we were enable to investigate inclusion bodies in free single cells under supravital conditions entirely free from various artificial forces which had previous been used to gather cells in which were found inclusion bodies. So, we would like to report concerning inclusion bodies in monocytes in ascites which have been the special subject of our observation, as we have made use of such techniques as Giemsa's staining, and simple staining, dark field microscopy and ultra-violet photomicrography in supravital conditions. Quantitative and qualitative developement of inclusion bodies and cell reaction appear in the periphery zone of the cytoplasm having completely on reaction with centrosphere of monocytes, and increase their volume gradually. In supravital state the inclusion bodies stained positive with neutral red and fuchsin but negative with nilblue, brilliantcresylblue and bordeaux BX. Elementary bodies within the inclusion bodies having blue brilliant points were found in the supravital preparations by the dark ground microscope. It was possible to take ultraviolet photomicrographs of the infected monocytes in the supravital preparations. From data obtained by this method we observed the fine figures of elementary bodies in the ectromelia inclusion bodies corresponding to the blue points which had been found by the dark gorund microscope. Absorption of ultraviolet rays by inclusion bodies is much less than by the nucleis, and there is no difference between that of the inclusion bodies and that of the protoplasm. The results got from the ultraviolet microskopy coincide with the other results that the inclusion bodies give a negative Feulgen test in smear preparations.

SARCOIDOSIS

A CASE of sarcoidosis with several unusual features recently came under observation. The patient presented erythrodermic lesions, a rare manifestation of sarcoidosis, together with subcutaneous nodes consistent with those described as Darier-Roussy's sarcoid. In addition, histologic examination of the nodes revealed asteroid inclusion bodies in giant cells. <h3>REPORT OF A CASE1</h3> A 45 year old caretaker first noticed, in the fall of 1942, red slightly scaling patches on the inner aspects of the thighs, in the groins and on the lower part of the abdomen. A few months later similar patches appeared in the right axilla and the right popliteal space. The lesions, which were asymptomatic, slowly increased in size. Early in 1944 the patient noticed additional red patches in the left axilla, on both ankles and on the dorsal aspects of the feet. In March 1944 nontender firm subcutaneous nodes began to appear on the thighs, in the

Alterações dos folículos pilo-sebáceos em um caso de sindromo bolhoso do grupo pênfigo: presença de inclusões intranucleares das doenças por virus filtraveis

Tendo a oportunidade de estudar fragmentos de pele retirados de diversas regiões, algumas providas de abundante revestimento capilar, em um caso de autopsia de doente com sindromo bolhoso do grupo pênfigo, chamaram a nossa atenção as alterações histologicas dos folículos pilo-sebaceso, sôbre as quais não encontramos referencia especial na literatura que nos foi dado consultar.

THE SUPERINFECTION OF THE RABBIT PAPILLOMA (SHOPE) BY EXTRANEOUS VIRUSES

1. The potentialities that viruses have for the superinfection of virus tumors have not been recognized nor has the fact that a single cell can harbor more than one virus. 2. Rabbit papillomas, induced by the papilloma virus (Shope), were superinfected by B virus, myxoma virus, vaccinia virus, and probably, virus III. Similar attempts at superinfection by herpes virus were without success. The criteria for parasitization included the histopathological finding of specific inclusion bodies, the recovery of each virus by suitable animal passage, and the immunological identification of each virus. 3. Papillomas and probably the individual cells thereof were readily infected simultaneously by two viruses when the combination of B virus and myxoma virus was used. 4. Cells of the Shope papilloma have a selective affinity for certain extraneous viruses introduced at a site distant from the tumor growths. It was found that exceptionally few cells in the basal layers of the epidermis escaped when myxoma virus was used as the superinfecting agent. 5. The cells of an epidermoid carcinoma which terminated the rabbit papilloma-to-carcinoma sequence were readily infected by B virus with resultant multiple intranuclear inclusion bodies in single cells. 6. Attempts to establish a prolonged superinfection of cells of the Shope papilloma by virus III were unsuccessful. This rabbit tumor differs therein from the Brown-Pearce tumor, an epithelioma of rabbits, in its susceptibility to infection with virus III.

PROBLEM OF RICKETTSIAS IN TRACHOMA

In 1933 Busacca 1 reported the finding of minute bodies which he believed were rickettsias in conjunctival epithelial cells and in the mononuclear cells of trachoma follicles. Similar findings were later reported by Cuenod and Nataf , 2 Poleff 3 and Foley and Parrot, 4 but unlike Busacca, these investigators identified the bodies with the elementary and initial bodies of the epithelial cell inclusion (Halberstadter and Prowazek). Complicating this interpretation, however, was the fact that they described the bodies as occurring abundantly in the follicles (both free and in the cytoplasm of mononuclear cells), a site at which the inclusion bodies have never been known to occur. In the course of my studies on the epithelial cell inclusion body of trachoma, a large number of preparations from epithelial scrapings stained by Giemsa's method and expressed follicular material were examined for micro-organisms of the Rickettsia group. Except for the elementary and

AN EPIZOOTIC DISEASE OF FERRETS CAUSED BY A FILTERABLE VIRUS

1. An epizootic disease of ferrets with a very high case fatality rate is described. 2. By the use of suitable material the natural disease can be transmitted experimentally. 3. The primary causative agent of the disease is a filterable virus. 4. Secondary invasion by bacteria of the respiratory tract of infected animals frequently occurs. The most important secondary invader is hemolytic streptococcus. 5. There seems to be no immunological relationship between the virus of the ferret disease and the viruses of canine distemper and of human influenza. 6. Histologically the disease is characterized by cytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusion bodies in epithelial cells of many organs. 7. These inclusion bodies are indistinguishable from those occurring in canine distemper.

SPONTANEOUS INTERSTITIAL MYOCARDITIS IN RABBITS

The hearts of thirty-four apparently healthy adult rabbits were carefully studied microscopically. Twenty, or 60 per cent, contained lesions consisting of lymphocytes and endothelial leucocytes invarying proportions, to which were sometimes added polymorphonuclear eosinophils, plasma cells, and fibroblasts in small numbers. The lesions occurred most frequently between the muscle fibers of the papillary muscles and ventricular walls, and occasionally beneath the endocardium and epicardium. No microorganisms or cell inclusion bodies were found in the lesions.