Inclusion Agenda Research Articles

Advocacy coalition formation and key actors within the policy

Abstract The article discusses advocacy coalition formation and the roles of key actors in science, technology and innovation (ST&I) policies for social inclusion in a subnational context. The policy subsystem category and concept of advocacy coalition are used in the context of the advocacy coalition framework and address the need to understand the influences of key actors (policy broker and policy entrepreneur) on it. The policy subsystem was outlined using case-oriented research and the discourse was analyzed in order to understand the policy actors’ beliefs. The analysis of two cases of ST&I policy processes for social inclusion (assistive technology and social technology) highlighted policy broker and policy entrepreneur key roles in the emergence of policy subsystems, but had different effects on advocacy coalition formation. The policy entrepreneur had a closer relationship with advocacy coalition building when setting up regular mechanisms to share beliefs and policy-oriented learning, as well as taking initiatives to coordinate the collective action of members in the early advocacy coalition. Although relevant in agenda setting and maintaining a specific social inclusion agenda in the policy process, the policy broker did not achieve a positive relationship with advocacy coalition building. The article corroborates the possibility of incorporating the concept of policy entrepreneur in analyses of the advocacy coalition framework and highlights this actor’s characteristics through this analytical model.

The financial inclusion agenda: for poverty alleviation or monetary control?

This article argues that financial inclusion policy in Pakistan has been subsumed by the regulatory needs of the central bank, opening a divide between the ‘development approach’ of donors and the ‘regulatory approach’ of the central bank. This shift is identified in an emerging macro turn in central bank discourse and policy, which is steering the National Financial Inclusion Strategy away from the person-centred donor-driven agenda towards the imperative of shoring up rupee governance amidst burgeoning informal markets, low levels of bank intermediation and high levels of currency-in-circulation. The article argues that this rerouting of financial inclusion policy is ultimately a consequence of the central bank’s failure to grasp effective policy control over the rupee following rapid economic liberalization in the 1990s. The article explores why growing informality in money and markets is a problem for monetary governance; how financial inclusion answers to this predicament; and why the shift from poverty alleviation to monetary control remains unforeseen by donors. The article shows why inflation targeting – itself core to the wider liberalization project – hinges on the success of financial inclusion, thus revealing an important new driver propelling the financial inclusion agenda forward amidst implicit and unforeseen conflict between donors and the national leadership.

The global divide in data-driven farming

Big data and mobile technology are widely claimed to be global disruptive forces in agriculture that benefit small-scale farmers. Yet the access of small-scale farmers to this technology is poorly understood. We show that only 24–37% of farms of <1 ha in size are served by third generation (3G) or 4G services, compared to 74–80% of farms of >200 ha in size. Furthermore, croplands with severe yield gaps, climate-stressed locations and food-insecure populations have poor service coverage. Across many countries in Africa, less than ~40% of farming households have Internet access, and the cost of data remains prohibitive. We recommend a digital inclusion agenda whereby governments, the development community and the private sector focus their efforts to improve access so that data-driven agriculture is available to all farmers globally.

Understanding financial inclusion in East Africa: How does Tanzania compare?

AbstractThis paper primarily aimed at examining the level, and determinants of financial inclusion in Tanzania, comparing it with other East African Region member countries using the Global Findex (2017) database. The study reports some insightful findings. The results show that, financial inclusion is less developed in Tanzania than in other East African countries contrary to expectations. According to expectations from development finance theories financial inclusion directly relates to economic development. However, Tanzania having better GDP than its neighbour countries ranks behind other countries with lower GDPs. One may say that weak financial system, inappropriate policy and poor financial instruments hamper significant effect of finance on growth. The paper argues that regardless of a significant economic growth reported in Tanzania inability of the financial system to reach majority of the population may be considered as a major reason behind the unexpected link between economic growth and financial inclusion. Furthermore, the study shows that financial inclusion is positively related to the income level and education level of the households, and negatively relates to gender. Moreover, a non‐linear relationship between age and financial inclusion is reported‐ that is the relation is positive at a certain age level, and change to negative at a higher age level.Consequently, the study recommends promoting equal participation in both labor and financial markets, and that East African's Governments to fully capture the dynamics of markets and track informal as well as formal economic activities to attract inclusive economy which will, ultimately, match with financial inclusion agenda.

Australian farmers left behind in the digital economy – Insights from the Australian Digital Inclusion Index

Although Australia's population is concentrated in major urban centres along its coastal fringe, its less populous rural communities are important to society and the economy—supporting sectors like agriculture, which occupies over half the continent's land mass and accounts for 2.2% of value added gross domestic product (GDP) (Jackson et al., 2020). The vast distances between urban and rural centres present challenges to the provision of essential infrastructure like roads, transport, energy – and telecommunications. Within this last category, internet connectivity and skills are both increasingly necessary and historically less available to the regional and rural agricultural sector in comparison to other industries and geographic communities. The digital inclusion agenda in Australia aims to address such gaps by promoting and supporting people and communities to use technology to improve social and economic well-being. This article builds on research underpinning the Australian Digital Inclusion Index (ADII), which defines digital inclusion as the capacity of people to access, afford and use online technologies effectively. The article focuses on the nature and extent of digital inclusion for Australia's farmers (identified as farmers and farm managers) based on analysis of a customised set of primary data extracted from the ADII dataset. This analysis reveals generally low levels of digital inclusion in rural communities, particularly among farmers, with distinctive and complex characteristics across measures of Access, Affordability and Digital Ability. Our findings highlight a perplexing scenario in which farmers score poorly on the Index when compared to Australians who live in similar circumstances but are not employed in the farming sector. We attribute lower levels of access to limited internet technology options, lower data speeds, inadequate reliability and lower data allowances. Less affordability is associated with individual-level socioeconomic factors, along with lack of competition between service providers in sparse population areas, the comparative cost of building telecommunications infrastructure in the bush, and the need for redundancy in rural and remote solutions. Finally, lower digital ability scores reflect social, cultural and material practices on farms that have produced distinctive orientations to technology. We conclude the article by explaining the contributions of the paper to digital inclusion research and by making recommendations for policy development.

A tension between rationalities: “off-rolling” as gaming and the implications for head teachers and the inclusion agenda

ABSTRACT In this paper, the concepts of fabrication, subjectivation and performativity are mobilised in an analysis of varied exclusionary practices in England’s schools with particular reference to “off-rolling”, defined by the national school inspectorate as the illegal removal of a student from a school roll in order to enhance academic performance data. This narrow definition has gained traction over a relatively short period of time, reflecting growing tension between economic and political rationalities as the former is prioritised and the power relations dictated by performativity intensify. Head teachers are required to negotiate normative demands to include and drivers to exclude according to market performance. “Off-rolling” is being fabricated as an object of knowledge, point of governance and policy technology, producing a taken-for-granted reality (that head teachers in England are circumventing legal school exclusion procedures), and illustrating a feature of performativity, namely, the generation of signifiers that reinforce the disciplines of market, management and performance. Following Foucault, the subjectivation and disciplining of head teachers implies dividing practices and ascription of deviant identities, specifically, that of gamer. However, the policy context of, and since, the 1990s has generated incentives to exclude while a concomitant policy discourse around inclusion has failed to eliminate educational exclusion.

Universidades públicas de la Región Metropolitana: algunas líneas estratégicas de acción para garantizar la inclusión en el contexto de la Pandemia Covid-19.

En el presente artículo nos proponemos compartir algunas reflexiones preliminares sobre estrategias institucionales inclusivas desplegadas por universidades públicas de la Región Metropolitana con la finalidad de garantizar la continuidad académica de las trayectorias estudiantiles, en el marco de la coyuntura de la no presencialidad en las instituciones y de virtualización de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje debido a la emergencia planteada por la pandemia COVID-19. Para la construcción de los datos, desarrollamos una estrategia metodológica cualitativa en la que se han realizado entrevistas a autoridades, estudiantes, relevamiento de datos estadísticos, consultas de informes, disposiciones y resoluciones administrativas, entre otras fuentes. La indagación de parte de las experiencias institucionales que se encuentran atravesando la Universidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche (UNAJ), Universidad Nacional de Lanús (UNLA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) y Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) habilita nuevos y renovados interrogantes que es preciso indagar desde el punto de vista analítico y en el marco de la fuerte interpelación que produjo el referido e inédito contexto. Las líneas estratégicas de acción identificadas refieren a un dinamismo sostenido y actualizado de la agenda de inclusión universitaria al interior de las citadas universidades públicas y, a su vez, reconocen los límites de un proceso de democratización que, en el ámbito universitario, por definición, resulta un proceso siempre inacabado y un desafío que recién comienza a develarse (Chiroleu, 2016).

Science, astronomy, and sacrifice zones: development trade-offs, and the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) radio telescope project in South Africa

ABSTRACT We explore the notion of “sacrifice zones” to reflect critically on the trade-offs between Science & Technology (S&T) policy and inclusive development in South Africa. We draw evidence from one of the country’s flagship projects, the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) radio telescope, currently under construction in the semi-arid Northern Cape. The SKA embodies a key tension in the country’s S&T policy, that between the promotion of astronomy, based on national and global priorities (the development of science), and the advancement of local development concerns (science for development), in which the dominant assumption is that local interests are either subsumed or superseded by national and global public goods. Given the extent to which the priorities of local residents have been overlooked in the name of the greater good, we argue that a fruitful way of recasting this relationship is to regard the region around the telescope as astronomy’s terrestrial “sacrifice zone”; this opens up an important space for engaging with issues of mitigation. We conclude by raising questions about who should take responsibility for mitigating the trade-offs in policy and practice, if a more sustainable and inclusive development agenda in the areas affected by the SKA is a real concern.

Inequality and human development: How inclusive the growth is in Uttar Pradesh?

PurposeThe present research has been conceptualized to make an inter-district analysis in terms of IHDI of Uttar Pradesh. It aims to provide district-wise estimates of HDI and IHDI with the latest available data, which may prove to be a critical policy input to the policy makers that how different districts are performing in terms of education, health and standard of living parameters and help in implementing tailor made policy actions.Design/methodology/approachThe paper utilizes the Census of India data and unit-level data of National Sample Survey (NSS) for constructing HDI and IHDI. The broad framework for computing IHDI in this study is similar to the approach of UNDP's HDR 2010. To adjust the inequality aspect, the Atkinson inequality aversion parameter has been estimated at indicator level on the basis of NSS unit record data.FindingsThe study reveals that inequality discounted income index is on an average 30 percent lower than unadjusted income index. However, quite high variation exists in case of education and health. The difference ranges from 30 percent to 40 percent in the case of education and from 3 to 36 percent in the health dimension. The surprising fact which study finds that health infrastructure and education infrastructure are poorly correlated with their respective outcomes.Research limitations/implicationsThe study offers a policy suggestion that increasing investment on educational and health infrastructure will not have any significant impact on their respective outcomes unless distributional inequalities are reduced. The study also suggests that rising income inequalities are threat to inclusive growth and sustainable development goals agenda. Thus, it recommends policy makers to take pro-active timely policy measures to reduce income inequalities. The educational achievement should be fixed in terms of average years of schooling and expected years of schooling rather than in terms of literacy rate.Originality/valueThe present research is an original work. This is the first study in the case of Uttar Pradesh which attempted to estimate district-wise IHDI following the internationally accepted UNDP (2010) methodology.

Sport for Vulnerable Youth: The Role of Multi-Professional Groups in Sustaining Intersectoral Collaboration

Intersectoral actions in the sport-for-development field constitute a pre-condition for the implementation of sport-based interventions. At an operational level, the multi-professional group is the tool through which intersectoral collaboration may successfully achieve its aims. Despite the prominent role of the group, this topic is under-researched in terms of understanding intersectoral actions in the sport-for-development field. By applying a psycho-sociological perspective, our research explores the role of the multi-professional group as a limit/resource for sport-for-development workers that operate with vulnerable youth. Following a phenomenological interpretive approach, 12 practitioners (six sport workers and six social workers) participated in semi-structured interviews to explore the role of multi-professional groups as a resource/limit in working with socially vulnerable youth through sport. The results indicate that, in the participants’ experience, belonging to a multi-professional group is a meaningful resource to trigger reflexivity, promote collaboration and integrate their different professions. The interviews highlighted the positive potential of this tool to address the challenges that emerge when working with socially vulnerable youth, including the management of negative emotions, unexpected events and the relationship with young people. Some interviews also suggested that the presence of multiple professions, under certain circumstances, may be a risk when working with youth. These findings have significant value for programme design, strategy and management as they show the value of trans-disciplinary practices as an agenda for social inclusion through sport.

Managing Cancer in Contemporary Workforces

This exploratory paper extends debates usually reserved for social welfare and health provision to a new domain by exploring how deservingness features in line manager-employee interactions in the context of an employee diagnosis cancer. It draws on narrative interview data from people with cancer in the UK who were employed when diagnosed and line managers with experience of managing an employee with cancer. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with members of occupational health and human resources staff and staff from a UK cancer support charity. Post-diagnosis support for employees with cancer was negotiated in subjective, individualised ways, drawing on their pre-diagnosis workplace contribution as well as the perceived deservingness of cancer as an illness. Despite the outcomes of these negotiations sometimes benefiting individual employees, support offered on grounds of deservingness did little to address structural issues of workplace accessibility and undermined employee entitlements. Managerial support for employees with cancer defaulted to dated stereotypes of disability and ill-health regarding genuineness and/or deservingness that did not reflect current equality, diversity and inclusion agendas. Pervasive and unhelpful notions of deservingness in the context of ill-health and disability have distinct and worrying implications for ageing workforces, particularly across the global north. This paper offers recommendations for research to address them.

Deficient regimes of anti-money laundering and countering the financing of terrorism: agenda of digital banking and financial inclusion

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the dilemma of digital banking and the financial inclusion agenda of countries with the level of strength of the anti-money laundering and countering the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) regime. Design/methodology/approach This study develops an AML/CFT compliance index using the assessment data of FATF to measure the level compliance strength of countries to measure the impact of the strength of the AML/CFT regime on the financial inclusion. Financial literacy, literacy, number of bank branches and income level of countries are used as other control variables in regression analysis, which is used to test the developed model. Findings The results suggest that the AML/CFT compliance level of a country is a significant factor in determining the level of financial inclusion. Besides, the number of bank branches for 100,000 people, literacy and financial literacy are significant factors in financial inclusion. However, the results reveal that financial literacy is significant over literacy in determining financial inclusion. Therefore, having considered the importance of the AML/CFT regime for financial inclusion, regulators are required to strengthen the AML/CFT regime and make clarity on the AML/CFT regulations. This clarity will promote the digitalization and financial inclusion over time. Practical implications Most of the studies related to financial inclusion and AML/CFT aspects are qualitative. Therefore, this is only the start of measuring the strength of an AML/CFT regime. More appropriate measures will be developed in the future based on this foundation. Originality/value This paper is an original work done by the author, which discusses the issues of digital banking and financial inclusion agenda of countries with the compliance strength of the AML/CFT regime. The AML/CFT compliance index is the original idea of the author, which can be used as a quantitative measure to capture the strength of the AML/CFT regimes in future studies.

The financialization of remittances: governing through emotions

In the context of the global financial crisis, remittances have become linked to the global financial inclusion agenda in a phenomenon called the ‘financialization of remittances’ (FOR). This article conceptualizes the FOR as a dispositif to analyze how heterogeneous ways of linking remittances to finance form an ensemble that governs things and people and legitimizes particular policy interventions. We combine the concept of the dispositif with insights from the literature on emotions to analyze how the FOR governs through an emotional regime to constitute particular objects and subjects—such as the ‘remittance market’ and the ‘remittance family’. Through this emotional regime, the FOR establishes particular narratives regarding migration, remittances, and transnational families to embed remittances in the global financial architecture; and normalizes practices of turning transnational families into financial customers and entrepreneurs, and entrenching financial logics into their lives. Yet, emotions are also mobilized to subvert and resist the FOR and its emotional regime. More broadly, our analysis suggests that analyzing emotional governance is crucial to better understand financialization processes and expose their (fragile) nature and limits.

Situating "children-supporting-children" Platform in the Context of the Inclusive Agenda: A Phenomenological Exploration

The increasing plurality of the school population today calls for a mandate to promote inclusion in the educational systems by removing grounds that excludes and discriminates. One powerful means of promoting inclusion is through the children-supporting-children platform. As such, learners should be guided in the development and enhancement of social skills as a pre-requisite to a society that bars exclusion; however, less is known about it. This paper bridges this research gap by contributing to the intensive understanding and important realization on how children can become co-implementers of the inclusive agenda. A transcendental phenomenological approach was used to analyze how the teacher-participants experience and understand the context of children-supporting-children in the inclusive agenda as transpired in their early-grade classrooms.  A semi-structured interview, focus group discussion, and class observation was conducted to gather data to (1) identify and establish their meanings and understanding of the emerging inclusive expressions and concepts exhibited by their pupils and (2) classroom strategies they employ to reinforce the constructs. A structured and inductive analysis was performed to refine the data and identify emerging codes and themes.  The findings of this paper suggest that pre-schoolers are co-constructors of inclusive culture through emerging expressions and that schools are an avenue to enhance such expressions. There is limited research on specific strategies and interventions in an early childhood setting to promote inclusion; therefore, insights in this paper are relevant in implementing pro-active inclusive pedagogies as they are accounts of those who are in the field. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.19.6.18

In Search of Philippine Chaebols

Historically, large-scale capital-intensive industries have played a key role in many developing countries' industrialization. Some countries created state-owned enterprises (SOEs) with heavy government intervention and support to complete production chains to meet demand and export markets. South Korea, for one, has been known for the success of the chaebol, a large family-controlled and diversified private company that received strong government industrial policy support. Similar to South Korean chaebols, the Philippines have conglomerates, large, family-owned corporations comprised of smaller subsidiaries with a considerable footprint on the national economy. This paper fills a gap in the policy literature through the review of historical developments in selected Philippine industries and where key players tend to dominate. Furthermore, this paper shows evidence that some Philippine conglomerates displayed expansion behavior similar to East Asian economies like South Korea. The study also uncovers behavioral trends of these firms' diversification into non-traded service industries that were less conducive to rapid industrial development. Finally, it concludes with a brief discussion on how Philippine conglomerates contribute to the country's inclusive development agenda.

‘What is considered good for everyone may not be good for children with Special Educational Needs and Disabilities’: teacher’s perspectives on inclusion in England

ABSTRACT This paper reflects on the findings of two studies one completed in 2010 and another in 2019, which employed Q-methodology and post Q-sort semi-structured interviews to an investigation of teachers’, in the West Midlands, perspectives of the inclusion agenda. The findings of the 2019 study, demonstrate commonality of findings with that carried out in 2010. The findings reveal that teachers in both studies employed integration and inclusion interchangeably in their attempts to define and operationalise inclusive education. Second, the findings of both studies demonstrate that teachers support inclusion at a theoretical level but in practice find it a difficult concept to operationalise. The 2019 study, though, denotes that a significant barrier to inclusion is whether children with Special Educational Needs and Disabilities (SEND) should or should not be included in SATs. The article details and reflects on the findings of both studies and concludes that the continuous use of SATs needs to be reconceptualise especially in how they enable the inclusion of all children.

Role of FinTech in Accelerating Financial Inclusion in India

The term ‘FinTech’ is a combination of the words ‘financial’ and ‘technology’. It can be broadly defined as technology-enabled financial innovation that could result in new business models, applications, processes or products with an associated material effect on financial markets, institutions and the provision of financial services. FinTech, therefore, has the potential to reshape the financial services and financial inclusion landscape in India in fundamental ways. Through their innovations, new business models and applications, FinTech firms can help increase competition and play an important role in accelerating Financial Inclusion in India by helping reduce costs and improving access to financial services to the under-served, persons in low income groups, rural and other under-served sectors of the Indian economy. An estimate suggests that almost 90% of micro units in India are still outside the formal credit system. This segment, along with the small enterprises, can benefit immensely from a collaboration between banks and FinTech players, whereby their other payment records can form a basis for assessing their credit worthiness. It is noteworthy that a number of FinTech players have witnessed strong growth over the past few years and from being virtually unheard of, at the beginning of this decade, today we have as many as 1218 entities operating in India. This paper, therefore, takes stock of the technological revolution that is shaping the future of finance in India and the important role FinTech can play in accelerating Financial Inclusion in India. It also discusses the regulatory initiatives taken to spur the FinTech movement in India, the framework for Regulatory Sandbox in India and the steps required to help achieve the potential that the sector offers towards growth and inclusion. The paper draws insights from the work of leading FinTech firms focused on enhancing financial inclusion in our country and discussions with industry experts and officials leading the FinTech agenda in our country. It proposes accelerating the agenda of financial inclusion through innovation and offers solutions on how FinTech can help in this regard. The paper also discusses the importance of an ecosystem which promotes collaboration and advocates the need for banks and FinTech firms to work together for their mutual benefit. It discusses how to harness the benefits of FinTech while ensuring that concerns relating to data confidentiality and customer protection are also addressed. As regards the potential risks and their mitigation, the important role of RegTech and SupTech i.e. technologies which help improve efficiency through the use of automation, introducing new capabilities and streamlining workflows, is also discussed. The key to success in FinTech is to harness the benefits while managing the risks. Therefore, this paper concludes with the need to have an appropriate regulatory and supervisory framework to facilitate the growth of this sector to ensure that FinTech continues to help accelerate Financial Inclusion in India.

A critical realist model of inclusive education for children with special educational needs and/or disabilities

ABSTRACT Despite the clear global inclusion agenda, gaps remain in the translation of the philosophical acceptance of inclusive education into effective teaching practices. Regarding children with special educational needs and/or disabilities, support for segregated schools hinged on the positivist, medical model of disability still challenges inclusive education that is driven by the interpretivist, social and rights-based models. The debates that are for or against inclusion usually take these two polarised paradigms, which need to be openly addressed if disagreements are to be resolved. This theoretical discussion paper applies the framework of critical realist stratified ontology to offer new insights and clarity to understanding special and inclusive education. The analysis suggests three-dimensional critical realist models of disability and inclusive education. The aim is to seek theoretical groundings to bridge the paradigm division between the medical and the social models. This may help to make sense of the contradictions and inconsistencies in views and practices regarding educational exclusion and inclusion. The conclusion contends that the medical and the social model perspectives can find philosophical common ground, and that different fields of professionals can and need to work inclusively together towards different depths of children’s best interests.

Daily life in National Disability Insurance Scheme times: Parenting a child with Down syndrome and the disability politics in everyday places

Social inclusion for people with disability is bound up with experiences of place in everyday life. In Australia, the inclusion agenda has been recently propelled by the National Disability Insurance Scheme which promotes – and funds – the full inclusion of people with disability so that their lives are conducted in everyday settings. This article addresses what lies between the aspirational policy principles of full inclusion and the experience of family life with a young child who has Down syndrome. Through auto-ethnographic inquiry, a series of vignettes describe my own encounters in everyday places such as shops, childcare centres and public swimming pools. I focus on ‘sense of place’ which is generated through everyday practices and can shape individual identity and belonging. Using ideas from feminist poststructuralism and critical disability studies, I argue that ableist discourses on disability are produced by people in everyday places through their attitudes, actions and expectations, disrupting regular family life and imposing oppressive modes of subjectivity upon children with intellectual disability and their parent-carers. In response, parents of children with intellectual disability are challenged to undertake the political labour of everyday disability advocacy. It is important for social work to recognise that this labour can become a significant part of the contemporary parent-carer role.

Inclusive Practices of In-Service Teachers: A Quantitative Exploration of a Southeast Asian Context

&lt;p style="text-align:justify"&gt;After more than two decades of the Salamanca Statement, discrimination and marginalization still exist. There is a need to implement inclusion to promote educational accessibility, quality, and equity for all to combat exclusion. As a result, inclusion challenged educational systems, especially teachers who are its primary implementers. Understanding the significant role of teachers in the parlance of the inclusive agenda is an essential area of inquiry; however, relatively less is known about it. This paper addresses the chasm by looking more profoundly into the teachers’ skills and dispositions about inclusion. Through a cross-sectional survey, this paper examined and compared the Filipino and Thai in-service teachers’ efficacy and attitudes about inclusion and its association with their intentions for inclusive practices. Data revealed that Filipino teachers have a generally higher level of positive attitudes, efficacy, and intentions for inclusive practices than their Thai counterparts. Also, there is a significant and positive correlation between the respondents’ attitudes, efficacy, and intentions for inclusive practices. Considering the historical and cultural contexts, the results of the study construed a deeper understanding of the teachers’ inclusive practices. Insights gathered from the study are instrumental in the examination and understanding of the teachers’ role in the inclusive agenda.&lt;/p&gt;