Weather Research Articles

Effects of Fish Waste Management Practice on Environmental Pollution in Tanzania: A Case Study of Kivukoni Ferry Fish Market

Globally, waste arising from human and animal activities that are normally solid and are discarded as useless or unwanted are broadly defined as solid waste. It includes municipal garbage, industrial and commercial wastes, sewerage slug, waste of agricultural and animal husbandry, demolition waste and mining residues. The study aimed to identify strategies deployed by the management at Kivukoni Ferry Fish market. The study adopted case study research design with mixed approaches. The study used purposive and probability sampling techniques. The study used Slovenes formulae to obtain sample size of 160 respondents from target population of 213 respondents. The study used questionnaire and interview to obtain data needed. The study findings indicates that 77.1% of respondents agreed that management of Kivukoni Ferry fish market provide clean water for fish processing and fish waste collection bins. The study concluded that, Kivukoni fish market provide clean water for fish processing, also inadequate provision tools for fish waste collection and poor logistics for fish waste transportation from Kivukoni Ferry fish market to Pugu damp. In additional to that, poor market infrastructure led the market to produce odor smell, immediately in hot weather condition, this situation threaten the environment and the safety of workers and community at large. The study recommended that, Kivukoni Ferry fish market management should establish designated waste collection points within the market to streamline the disposal process and should develop a reliable logistics system for the timely transportation of fish waste from the market to Pugu dump.

Prevalence of Atypical Bacteria in Patients from Different Paediatric Age Groups Diagnosed with a Respiratory Disease

Atypical bacterial pathogens present the ability to induce pulmonary damage. At present, there are no available phenotypic diagnosis tests that achieve up to 100% reliability. Therefore, clinicians must utilise molecular techniques for the detection and identification of these pathogens. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the prevalence of atypical bacteria in paediatric patients from different age groups. A total of 609 clinical samples were collected from paediatric patients who presented with an adverse respiratory condition during the period from March 2021 to February 2024. DNA was extracted from the samples, and end-point PCR was performed to detect atypical bacteria. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the bacterial prevalence and assess clinical data from newborns and mothers that could be related to RDS. A total of 139 patients exhibited at least one atypical organism (22.82%). Ureaplasma parvum was more prevalent in neonates, while M. pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae were more prevalent in older infants. Atypical bacteria can be present in all seasons of the year, but their prevalence increases during hot weather. Mixed infections due to atypical bacteria may occur. The risk factors related to the development of RDS are prematurity, low weight, and orotracheal intubation.

Spatiotemporal distribution in chemical composition of wet atmospheric deposition in Bandung Indonesia.

Bandung, Indonesia, represents the complex interactions between climate variability, basin topography, and deposition processes. This study conducted a long-term spatiotemporal analysis, including pH distribution and pollutant accumulation monitoring, to observe the chemical composition of wet deposition in Bandung as part of the Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia (EANET). The results revealed that and were the predominant ions, followed by , with their distribution varying across different sites due to local emissions and atmospheric processes. The interactions between these ions, particularly the formation of secondary inorganic aerosols such as ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate, were closely linked to the basin's localized sources and topographical features. Areas experiencing high traffic congestion were classified as acidic regions due to their low pH levels. In contrast, a rural site exhibited a basic pH due to the high concentration of ion . Variations in pH and conductivity, along with the impacts of climatic events such as El Niño and La Niña, emphasized the role of weather patterns in shaping wet deposition dynamics. Seasonal trends indicated elevated total ion concentrations during the dry season, driven by sea salt contributions, as supported by strong correlations between Na+ and and between Na+ and Mg2+. Additionally, geological materials and atmospheric reactions contributed to the strong correlations observed between soil-derived cations and acidic species. The increasing trend in and the contrasting decrease in concentrations in rural areas suggest evolving emission sources and environmental conditions.

Heterogeneous effects of climate change on displacement-inducing disasters

With an estimated 357.7 million internal displacements caused since 2008, weather-related disasters are a major driver of human mobility worldwide. As climate change is projected to increase the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events in many parts of the world, it is important to better understand how trends in weather patterns related to global warming have affected the intensity of disasters that have caused displacements. Here we combined observational and counterfactual climate data with global internal displacement records to estimate how climate change has affected precipitation and wind speeds at the time and location of floods and storms that led to internal displacements. We estimate that, on average, climate change increased precipitation and decreased wind speeds during such events by +3.7% and − 1.4%, respectively. However, the variability across events is considerable (±28.6 and ± 6.6%, respectively), highlighting the large signal of natural variability of the weather system as compared to the global warming signal. Our results caution against overstating the role of climate change in displacement-inducing disasters in the past, especially compared to socio-economic and development factors of vulnerability and adaptive capacity that determine whether weather-related hazards turn into disasters.’

Climate Change and Veterinary Medicine: A Call to Action for a Healthier Planet

Abstract Climate change is rapidly transforming ecosystems and reshaping the landscapes of animal health, with profound consequences for public health, food security, and biodiversity. Rising temperatures, shifting weather patterns, and increased frequency of natural disasters are driving the emergence and spread of infectious diseases, particularly zoonotic and vector-borne diseases. These environmental shifts endanger the health and welfare of animals and the delicate balance between human populations, livestock, and wildlife. As the stewards of animal health, veterinarians are uniquely positioned to lead the change in addressing these complex challenges at the nexus of human, animal, and environmental health and well-being. This article calls for urgent actions to integrate climate adaptation and mitigation strategies into veterinary practice and education. It underscores the critical need for veterinarians to embrace the One Health approach to tackle climate-driven disease outbreaks and the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance to safeguard human and animal populations while protecting natural ecosystems. The article further explores the role of veterinarians in fostering sustainable agricultural practices, reducing the environmental impact of livestock production, conserving biodiversity and advocating for policy reforms that protect both animal and planetary health. As we face an era of unprecedented climate disruption, this call to action aims to inspire the global veterinary community to actively get involved in combating climate change and its worst impacts. By building climate-resilient practices, enhancing disease surveillance, and championing environmental stewardship, veterinarians can contribute significantly to a healthier, more sustainable future for all species on Earth.

El Niño southern oscillation, weather patterns, and bacillary dysentery in the Yangtze River Basin, China.

Increasingly intense weather anomalies associated with interannual climate variability patterns, like El Niño-southern oscillation (ENSO), could exacerbate the occurrence and transmission of infectious diseases. However,research in China remains limited in understanding the impacts and intermediate weather changes of ENSO on bacillary dysentery (BD). This study aimed to reveal the relationship between ENSO, weather conditions, and theincidence of BD, and to identify the potential meteorological pathways moderated by ENSO inthe ENSO-BD connections. BD disease data and meteorological data, as well as ENSO index, from 2005 to 2020 were obtained for 95 cities in the Yangtze River Basin. We first established the associations between ENSO events and BD, ENSO and weather, as well as weather and BDs using two-stage statistical models. Then, we applied a causal mediation analysis to identify the specific meteorological changes in the ENSO-BD relationship. In the Yangtze River Basin, both El Niño (IRR: 1.06, 95%CI: 1.04 ~ 1.08) and La Niña (IRR: 1.03, 95%CI: 1.02 ~ 1.05) events were found to increase the risk of BD. Variations of ENSO index were associated with changes in local weather conditions. Both the increases in regional temperatures and rainfall were associated with a higher risk of BD. In the casual mediation analyses, we identified that higher temperatures and excessive rainfall associated with La Niña and El Niño events mediatedthe ENSO's effect on BD, with mediation proportions of 38.58% and 34.97%, respectively. Long-term climate variability, like ENSO, can affect regional weather conditions and lead to an increased risk of BD. We identified the mediating weather patterns in the relationship between ENSO and BD, which could improve targeted health interventions and establish an advanced early warning system in response to the BD epidemic.

Geospatial Analysis of Climate Change Impacts on Vegetation Dynamics in Owerri West, Imo State

Climate change is a global phenomenon with profound effects on the environment, economies, and societies. It refers to significant changes in global temperatures and weather patterns over time. This study explores the impact of climate change on vegetation in Owerri West, Imo State, Nigeria, using geospatial techniques over a 20-year period (2003–2023). By analyzing satellite imagery and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values alongside key climatic variables such as precipitation and land surface temperature (LST), the research seeks to quantify the extent of vegetation changes due to climate variability. The study uses Landsat 8 satellite data to evaluate spatiotemporal trends in vegetation health. NDVI values in 2003 ranged from a high of 0.45, indicating healthy and dense vegetation, to a low of -0.04, representing barren areas. By 2013, NDVI values had drastically declined, with a maximum of 0.12 and a minimum of -0.33, despite an increase in precipitation from 3300 mm (2003) to 3900 mm (2013). This decline suggests that other factors, such as extreme weather events or urbanization, contributed to vegetation stress. In 2023, NDVI values showed partial recovery, with a maximum of 0.28 and a minimum of 0.05, although precipitation levels dropped to a range of 600 mm to 540 mm. The broader temperature range in 2023, with a maximum of 32°C and a minimum of 17°C, likely reduced heat stress, allowing for vegetation recovery, though still below the 2003 levels, The findings highlight the complex interplay between climatic variables and vegetation health, where precipitation and temperature changes significantly influence vegetation dynamics. However, the NDVI decline in 2013, despite high precipitation, suggests that anthropogenic factors like urbanization and land use changes also play a critical role. This research emphasizes the importance of integrating remote sensing and GIS for monitoring vegetation responses to climate change. The study calls for sustainable land management practices and climate adaptation strategies to enhance vegetation resilience in the region.

The Impact of Climate Variability on the Livelihoods of Smallholder Farmers in an Agricultural Village in the Wider Belfast Area, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of climate change on smallholder farmers in South Africa, particularly focusing on the relationship between agriculture and weather patterns. Understanding this connection is crucial for helping farmers adapt to changing climate conditions and improve their resilience and sustainability. This research analyses 33 years of climate data (1990–2023) from the Belfast weather station to identify long-term climate trends, seasonal shifts, and the frequency of extreme weather events. Statistical analysis, including the Mann–Kendall test, revealed significant changes in temperature, rainfall, and the intensity of extreme weather events, indicating that climate change is already affecting the region. Specifically, the research highlighted significant damage to agricultural infrastructure, such as greenhouses, due to climate-related wind events. This study emphasises the importance of using digital technologies to monitor weather patterns in real-time, aiding in decision-making, and enhancing agricultural efficiency. Additionally, it calls for further research into the social impacts of climate variability, including its effects on community cohesion, migration, and access to social services among smallholder farmers. These findings provide a foundation for developing effective interventions to support the resilience of smallholder farming communities in the face of climate change. Future studies need to consider how climate variability affects farmers’ abilities to access markets, both in terms of transport and product quality.

Evaluating the effect of retarder on cement hydration and setting delay under hot weather curing condition using non-destructive methods

Evaluating the effect of retarder on cement hydration and setting delay under hot weather curing condition using non-destructive methods

Climate Smart Agriculture: Innovating Sustainable Practices for a Changing Climate

Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) is a strategy aimed at lowering greenhouse gas emissions, strengthen climate change resilience, raising crop production and incomes significantly. In a variety of agro-ecological zones, the implementation of climate smart agriculture methods has significantly improved the availability of food, adaptability to fluctuations in the climate, and emissions reduction. One of the key benefits of CSA is its ability to improve agricultural productivity and stabilize food security, particularly for small-scale farmers in developing nations who are most vulnerable to climate change. By integrating sustainable techniques such as conservation agriculture, crop diversification, and agroforestry, CSA helps ensure stable yields, even amid erratic weather patterns. Enhanced soil fertility, enhanced irrigation practices and the use of varieties of crops that are climate resilient all contribute to sustained productivity, mitigating the risks of crop failure and food shortages. CSA also strengthens agricultural systems' resilience to climate impacts by promoting practices like zero tillage, residue management, and efficient irrigation, which improve soil health and water retention, making crops more resistant to droughts and floods. In addition to boosting resilience, CSA contributes to climate change mitigation by reducing agriculture's carbon footprint. Precision farming, organic agriculture, and other low-emission practices help curb greenhouse gas emissions from farming activities. Mobile technology is also emerging as a key driver of CSA by providing real-time information, decision-making support, and access to essential resources, further enhancing the adaptability and sustainability of farming systems. The significance of CSA as a strategic solution to the threats that climate change poses to food security and agricultural sustainability is being more widely acknowledged by governments. As a result, numerous initiatives have been launched at national, regional, and international levels to encourage the widespread adoption of CSA practices. In order to achieve sustainable agricultural development and ensure food security in the face of climate change, CSA must be scaled up around the world.

Financial subsidy optimization to promote renewable energy development for sustainable development goal

Enhancing the efficacy of financial subsidies holds paramount significance in fostering sustainable development due to their influence on energy utilization, installation scalability, and the crucial pursuit of decarbonization. Despite a surge in scholarly interest surrounding financial subsidies for renewable energy, the literature studies fall short in comprehensively addressing the factors that impact on the accuracy and reliability of the model for identifying optimal financial subsidies. This paper introduces a robust approach to optimize financial subsidies to achieve the predefined target for renewable energy installation, considering the equilibrium between investor remuneration and government subsidy outlay. Center to this approach is the integration of a forward-looking price forecasting model and the establishment of an economic evaluation approach based on empirical data encompassing weather patterns, technical factors, investor expectations, subsidy disbursements, market risk assessments, and other pertinent parameters. The case study of Taiwan is conducted, and the results indicate that, in the baseline scenario, the financial subsidy is only effective in the risk-neutral market with a small solar system; in the mix scenario, the benefit of energy system increased at least 4.5%, however, the mix scenario is still ineffective to encourage the renewable energy development; and in the optimal scenario, by providing accurate recommendations for optimal financial subsidies, government can achieve the predefined target, even with reduced subsidies due to declining installation costs.

Aware and In Denial: Ali Smith’s Seasonal Quartet as Climate Fiction

With each of its four books named after a season, Ali Smith’s Seasonal Quartet (2016–20) is structured according to life’s cyclical time patterns. As with all of Smith’s fiction, these novels are characterised by metamorphosis and transition. The Seasonal Quartet, however, also registers a sense of loss, as when one of the characters in Autumn laments the time “[w]hen we still had seasons, not just the monoseason we have now.” In this paper, I take up these and other references strewn through the novels and propose to read these four novels as climate fiction. Rather than representing grand-scale destruction and dislocation, however, the Seasonal Quartet registers the minute disruptions of and changes in our everyday lives due to anthropogenic climate change. The narrative form of Autumn, Winter, Spring, and Summer shows how the conditions of life in the present are affected and altered by climate change, whether it concerns changing weather patterns, migration patterns, and so on. The novels house both characters who are acutely aware of the current crisis, as well as those who remain in denial; as novels, however, they do make visible the effects of humanity having entered the Anthropocene. The Seasonal Quartet, therefore, shows how the radically other of our planet’s ecological and meteorological systems has entered and started to shape human lives. If these novels disclose the loss of the world as we have known it, they also find a more hospitable home in the world of art. In art, there is connection and the potentiality of a new world.

District Level Crop Weather Calendars and Advisories for Kharif Rice in Odisha, India

The crop weather calendar is a visual depiction of key facts about crop growth phases, typical crop water requirements, and alerts that should be sent out in response to weather that is conducive to the spread of pests and diseases. Farmers and other stakeholders may successfully plan crops, schedule irrigation, and take plant protection measures by using these calendars, which are practical and helpful tools for farmers. The crop weather calendars are prepared in different languages for better understanding to farmers and explain the usage importance and plan farm operation and activities by taking decisions as per the prevalent crop weather conditions in fields. It plays a vital role for important crops and various varieties through research & development-based process at village/ panchayat level. It also helpful for improving the quality of medium range weather forecast based on Agro-Advisory Services (AAS). The AAS provides strategies based on weather for crop and livestock management to increase production and food security. The AAS has been useful to advise farmers regarding farm operations to manage the inclement weather for effective crop production in the changing environment. The Research was carried out on the studies of crop weather calendar on Rice crop in different districts of Odisha by All India co-ordinated research project on Agrometeorology, Bhubaneswar centre with the support of Agro Meteorological Field Unit (AMFU). It has been prepared with an objective to study climate normal of past 30 years from (1993-2023). Climatic data of Rice crop in Kharif season has been taken 25th SMW to 42nd SMW for medium duration (125 days) and 26th to 49th SMW for long duration (150 days) Rice crop in both English and Odia (local) languages for the coastal districts i.e (Khordha, Puri, Kendrapada and Jagatsinghpur) of Odisha. From the crop weather calendar the medium duration of rice crop, it was found that for sowing to seeding the mean temperature is 290C, before the transplanting and the water requirement of 670-690 mm is found congenial for better yield of the crop. The growth of the crops severely affected where the temperature falls below 200C, for high yielding of Rice crop during the kharif season the favourable weather conditions are Tmax: 300C, Tmin: 260C, Rainfall: 78 mm to 110 mm during the 29th to 30th week with RH 87%. For the pest likes stem borer and leaf folder the congenial weather conditions are Temperature :20 to 300C, RH:87%, Wind speed (Km/h) <5 and Rainfall: 00-30 mm. Similarly for Blast and BLB diseases, the favourable conditions during the 28th-31st week to 48th week, when the temperature range 20-300C, RH=> 90 %, Wind speed < 5 (Km/h) RH:30-50%. It has been found that the severity of pest and diseases increases with decreases in temperature and High RH and very low rainfall.

Machine learning-based assessment of thermal comfort for the elderly in warm environments: Combining the XGBoost algorithm and human body exergy analysis

Many elderly people rarely own or use air conditioners because of low income and economising habits, causing them to live in warm thermal environments when heat waves and hot weather occur. Living in warm conditions worsens thermal discomfort and poses health risks this group. To investigate the thermal comfort and adaptation of the elderly, a total of 38 participants were recruited for two parts of experiments in a climate chamber: Part A collected thermal sensation vote (TSV) and physiological parameters for 30 min at 28, 30, and 32 °C, and Part B presented a 20-min cooling with fans (air velocities of 0.6 and 1.4 m/s) at the same temperature. Furthermore, we constructed a thermal comfort model for the elderly based on human body exergy analysis and the GBDT, AdaBoost, and XGBoost machine-learning algorithms. The results showed that the predicted mean vote considerably overestimated the actual TSV. The TSV and mean skin temperature were decreased by 0.1–0.5 scores and 0.4–0.5 °C by the behavioural adaptation of fan cooling. The predictive results showed that the XGBoost model performed better, with R2 score, mean absolute error (MAE), and mean squared error (MSE) of 81 %, 0.10, and 0.01. Exergy transfer from evaporation (Ex-Esk), mean skin temperature (mtsk), air velocity (va), and convective exergy transfer (Ex-C) contributed more to the feature importance in the SHAP value analysis. The current study has implications for investigating physiological comfort and age-friendly environmental designs for the elderly, providing new perspectives for thermal comfort evaluations.

Wildfire aerosols and their impact on weather: A case study of the August 2021 fires in Greece using the WRF‐Chem model

AbstractWildfires are significant contributors to atmospheric gases and aerosols, impacting air quality and composition. This pollution from fires also affects radiative forcing, influencing short‐term weather patterns and climate dynamics. Our research employs the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF‐Chem) to investigate the repercussions of wildfires on aerosol abundances and associated immediate weather responses. We examine the summer season of 2021, a period marked by severe wildfire events in the country during a heatwave period. We conducted sensitivity experiments including and excluding wildfire emissions to measure their effects on aerosol optical depth (AOD), radiative forcing, and weather features such as temperature, humidity, clouds, and atmospheric circulation. Our findings demonstrate that the radiative impacts of wildfires negatively influence the local temperature over the fire smoke plume‐affected areas. Conversely, neighbouring areas of continental Greece experience increases in temperature due to remote effects of wildfire emissions, caused by meteorological feedbacks that reduce atmospheric humidity. Crucially, including fire emissions significantly improves the simulated surface temperatures predicted by the model over the Greek domain. Our work demonstrates that wildfire‐generated aerosols can significantly impact weather conditions and highlights the importance of including both local radiative effects and remote feedback for achieving more accurate weather prediction.

Czy klimatyzacja jest prawem człowieka? O odpowiedzialności państwa za przeciwdziałanie skutkom globalnego ocieplenia na gruncie Konstytucji Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej

In the age of noticeable climate change, enduring high temperatures is becoming a serious problem and inconvenience, which can cause health problems and even lead to death. One way to counteract the negative effects of heatwaves is to use an indoor air-conditioning system – both in residential building and in workplaces. The purpose of the article is to find an answer to the question posed in the title of the publication of whether access to an air-conditioned room can be considered, on the basis of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, to be a human right. The considerations are divided into two segments: the right to air-conditioning in the workplace as part of the employer’s provision of safe and hygienic conditions, and the state’s responsibility for counteracting the negative effects of climate change. Indeed, it turns out that the Polish constitution makes it possible to conclude that the state has a certain obligation to provide places of rest from the heat in a situation where it threatens health and life. The article presents selected solutions for counteracting the effects of hot weather in European cities where high temperatures are more frequently recorded than in Poland. In addition, it presents the scope of the obligation to ensure adequate comfort at work in conditions with a high air temperature that also falls on employers. The aim is to draw attention to the important issue of how public authorities can counteract the negative effects of global warming. Indicating solutions used in other countries, it seeks an appropriate way for public authorities to act in Poland.

Energy Efficiency and Economic Survivance Appraisal of a 375 kWp Rooftop Solar PV System Under Hot and Dry Indian Climate

ABSTRACTIndia's rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) installations are experiencing rapid growth due to favorable regulations. As climate change becomes a growing concern, researchers are turning their attention to the effects of weather patterns on the performance of rooftop solar panels, and also to optimize their efficiency in a changing environment. Consequently, industry players in the solar sector have been conducting performance validation and feasibility assessments of these plants. A 375 kWp rooftop PV plant is studied as a case example from April 1, 2022 to March 31, 2023, generating 543,666 kWh annually for the grid. The NMBE and MBE were assessed using simulation tools like PVGIS and PV Watts. In addition, a cost–benefit analysis of carbon credits was conducted with and without their inclusion. The energy payback time is calculated at 4.5 years post‐inclusion. Over a 25‐year lifespan, the embodied energy of the PV plant amounts to 2,552,265 kWh. This plant can mitigate CO2 emissions annually by 10,173.57 tons which is equivalent to INR 5,464,925. The current study highlights both environmental and economic benefits by incorporating carbon credits into the project. Further advancement in simulation tools, PV technologies, climate change adaptations are expected which will improve the rooftop system efficiency with shorten pay pabck periods and maximum reductions in CO2 emissions.

Temporal characterization of NOx and its relationship with O3 at a riverine site of Foshan

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a crucial precursor of tropospheric O3. This study undertakes continuous measurements of nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3) at Shishan Port (SSP), a riverine site in Foshan, China. Oxides of nitrogen (NOx = NO + NO2) exhibit a distinct seasonality, with high concentrations in winter and low concentrations in summer. The daily average concentration of NOx is 30.5 ppb, with high concentrations in the evening and morning and low concentrations in the afternoon. The variation of the total oxidant (Ox = O3 + NO2) with the levels of NOx was examined to infer the atmospheric sources of Ox as the sum of a local contribution dependent on NOx and a regional contribution independent of NOx. The local contribution predominates during low wind speed and calm weather in winter. The case analysis of a typical NO2 pollution episode affirms that the increase of NO2 at night in SSP is significantly influenced by the exhaust emissions of passing ships, atmospheric diffusion conditions and the O3 concentration generated during the day. Due to the chemical coupling of NOx and O3, along with regional transport, the levels of NOx and O3 are inextricably linked yet complicated.

Rainmaking: Observed with social systems theory

AbstractThis article examines contemporary efforts to control climate change through the lens of social systems theory, particularly by drawing comparisons to rain dances and shamanic rituals. It argues that modern climate control strategies bear functional similarities to archaic rituals aimed at influencing weather patterns, despite the absence of direct causality. Using Niklas Luhmann's concepts of autopoietic systems and functional equivalence, the article demonstrates that both historical and contemporary approaches to climate influence rely on blame‐shifting mechanisms and the social production of scapegoats, with failure often attributed not to the rituals or solutions themselves but to noncompliance or impurity among participants. The originality of this article lies in its application of social systems theory to link contemporary climate control strategies with ancient rituals, positioning them as functionally equivalent social phenomena. By drawing comparisons between shamanistic practices, corporate consulting, and global climate governance, the article provides a unique lens for understanding that the primary function of modern climate efforts may be to regulate social behaviour rather than achieving concrete natural environmental outcomes.

Energy Management System for Polygeneration Microgrids, Including Battery Degradation and Curtailment Costs

Recent advancements in sensor technologies have significantly improved the monitoring and control of various energy parameters, enabling more precise and adaptive management strategies for smart microgrids. This work presents a novel model of an energy management system (EMS) for grid-connected polygeneration microgrids that allows optimizing the management of electrical storage systems, electric vehicles, and other deferrable loads such as heat pumps. The main novelty of this model is that it incorporates both climate comfort variables and the consideration of the degradation of the energy storage capacity in the control strategy, as well as a penalty for the dumping of surpluses. The model has been applied to a smart, sustainable building as a case study. The results show that the proposed model is highly adaptable to diverse weather conditions, minimizing renewable energy losses while satisfying the energy demand and providing comfort to the building’s users. The study shows (i) that EVs’ dynamic charging schedules play a crucial role, (ii) that it is possible to minimize a battery’s degradation by optimizing its cycling, averaging one cycle per day, and (iii) the critical impact of seasonal weather patterns on microgrid energy management and the strategic role of EVs and storage systems in maintaining energy balance and efficiency.