Incidents Of Sexual Harassment Research Articles

Humour, sexual harassment, and police managers´ discretionary practices

ABSTRACT In this article, we describe and analyse police managers’ response to incidents of gender and sexual harassment as they play out in a police workplace context. The aim is to examine managers’ supervisory discretion in safeguarding employees’ legal rights, through three research questions: 1) What implicit understandings of sexual harassment, in the organisation, are made visible by managers´ approach to harassment; 2) what do these implicit problem understandings mean for which incidents become legitimate and illegitimate experiences of harassment in the organisation; and 3) which types of harassment incidents are employees protected against? Based on two cases of harassment, observed during 6 months of fieldwork, we explore and analyse humour and managers’ power of definition, applying socio-legal perspectives on implementation of laws and rights in a work context. Through this, small incidents of everyday harassment become visible and highlight the role of police managers in transforming policy to action.

What can nudging offer to reduce workplace sexual harassment? A conceptual review

This paper examines workplace sexual harassment and looks into why workplace sexual harassment remains a pervasive, underappreciated problem in the United States and outlines the limitations of existing controls of sexual harassment at work, namely sexual harassment policies, awareness training, and grievance procedures. Based on these limitations, it reflects on the current definitions of sexual harassment and introduces the concept of nudging to support the preventive and corrective measures already adopted to reduce workplace sexual harassment. It provides a conceptual framework of nudges that might be effective in reducing incidents of sexual harassment. The eight types of nudges that form the framework are grouped into five overall categories depending on who a nudge is for: top, middle, and line management, harassers, observers, victims, and society. This paper is first to conceptualize nudging as a supportive mechanism to traditional management control systems in the context of workplace sexual harassment.

Sexual Harassment in Female Students at Tribhuvan University: A Narrative Inquiry Research

Background: Higher education establishments in Nepal also disclose information on sexual harassment incidents. Sexual harassment is a detrimental encroachment onto the educational domain that extends beyond scholarly discussions. It is an undesirable, offensive, and frequently menacing behaviour that jeopardises a student's well-being. Objectives: This study examines the experiences of female students at Tribhuvan University regarding sexual harassment in the classroom. It aims to assess the prevalence of sexual harassment and identify its various forms among female students. Methods: Adopting a qualitative narrative inquiry research design, we included teachers and students from the Central Department of Education, with information collected from selected female students until data saturation was reached. In-depth interviews were used as the primary data collection method, and both primary and secondary sources were qualitatively and descriptively analysed. Results: The findings reveal a disturbing reality where female students at Tribhuvan University faced sexual harassment from their classmates, teachers, and university staff. The study identifies three primary forms of sexual harassment: verbal, physical, and cyber sexual harassment. Cybersexual harassment emerges as the most prevalent form, significantly impacting the physical and mental well-being of the affected students. Conclusion: Sexual harassment occurs in Nepalese higher education institutions, although it is less common among female students who are able to voice their concerns in an articulate and natural way. Those who feel intimidated struggle to voice their opinions or live in fear of facing a higher risk. The detrimental effect of this type of sexual harassment on the personality development of female students is emphasised. Keywords: Girl student, Sexual harassment, Tribhuvan University, Forms of sexual harassment

A Qualitative Study of the Female University Students’ Experiences on the Psycho-Social Consequences of Sexual Harassment

In Pakistan, incidents of female sexual harassment are often reported, but there is a lack of reliable information on the context of the matter and its consequences. In this regard, this study focuses on female students studying at public universities in Lahore, Pakistan, who frequently use public transport and are subject to sexual harassment. They were asked about their experiences of harassment in public places. Using the qualitative method, data was gathered with the help of three focus group discussions, and conclusions were drawn using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Incidents of sexual harassment mainly occur on different public transport. We found that such incidents are also proven to be a big hurdle in the continuation of education for female students, apart from their deep effects on the social and psychological condition of young female students. The researchers found most of the respondents were afraid of reporting such incidents because of defamation of their character and less faith in the law enforcement agencies of the country. Awareness of existing laws in the country that protect women, particularly implementations of the laws, good governance, the positive role of law enforcement agencies, and a better conducive environment for female students specifically related to their mobility, can help reduce incidents of sexual harassment in the country.

Study on Home-Based Direct Care Workers' Coping Responses to Workplace Sexual Harassment and Their Satisfaction With Long-Term Care Preventive Strategies

BackgroundPrevious research on workplace sexual harassment issues in long-term care rarely focused on home-based direct care workers. Additionally, few victims would formally report the harassment incidents, resulting in limited understanding yet huge impacts on improving long-term care quality.Purpose Built upon Donabedian’s structure-process-outcome framework, this study aimed to explore home-based direct care workers’ coping responses when encountering workplace sexual harassment (WSH) and examine factors influencing their satisfaction with organizational preventive strategies.MethodsThis cross-sectional study surveyed 217 home-based caregivers via convenience sampling. Research instruments included socio-demographics, personal experiences (perceived job hazard and harm severity of WSH), and satisfaction scale ratings. Variance analysis, Pearson’s correlation, and hierarchical regression analysis were performed for statistical analysis. ResultsCaregivers working at private LTC agencies expressed lower satisfaction with employers’ anti-harassment measures than public agencies. Part-time workers also reported lower satisfaction. While 22% of participants took no actions when harassed, 30.8% directly told the harassers to stop. Manpower load status (r=-.16; p<.01) and perceived workplace hazards (r=-.2; p<.01) were negatively correlated with satisfaction with employer's implementation of prevention strategy for WSH. After controlling for personal and job characteristics, perceived workplace hazards, Satisfaction with handling of encountered sexual harassment incident, and strategies provided by devices significantly predicted participants’ satisfaction with anti- sexual harassment strategies.ConclusionAs the first study based on Donabedian’s framework to examine home-based caregivers’ coping and influencing factors of satisfaction with anti-harassment strategies, the results can inform managerial guidelines for WSH and evaluate the adequacy of existing policies.

The prevalence of harassment of diagnostic radiography and radiation therapy students whilst on clinical placement in the Republic of Ireland

Objective: To determine if student radiographers and radiation therapists experience harassment (verbal, physical or sexual) while on clinical placement and their awareness of policies in place to report such incidents. Methods: An online questionnaire developed from the World Health Organisation’s questionnaire on workplace violence in healthcare and the higher education authority (HEA) national survey of student experiences of sexual violence and harassment in Irish HEIs was used. Undergraduate and postgraduate diagnostic radiography and radiation therapy students in the Republic of Ireland to be included and have completed a minimum of four weeks of clinical placement. Our of 256 students, 98 filled out the survey. Results: Forty-one per cent (n = 40) of students reported experiencing at least one incident of harassment. Thirteen per cent reported experiencing two forms of harassment, and 2 students reported experiencing verbal, physical and sexual harassment. Verbal harassment (n = 33) and sexual (n = 16) were the most common form of harassment while physical harassment was experienced 7 participants. Ninety-one per cent (n = 88) of participants reported they don’t believe they have received sufficient training in dealing with incidents of physical, verbal or sexual harassment. Conclusion: Harassment of student radiographers and radiation therapists is occurring while on placement. Male patients are the modal perpetrator, and most incidents go unreported. Students are not empowered to report an incident of harassment and are sometimes unaware of how to report harassment.

The Trial of Public Voice in Anti-Sexual Harassment: Functions, Limits and Risks

With the awakening of womens consciousness, sexual issues are brought to the front stage, and the call to solve sexual harassment has been growing. The networks social public voice plays a huge role in this process. This study focuses on the effect of public voice in social sexual harassment incidents and analyzes its multiple functions in detail by combining legal theory and actual events. In conclusion, public voice helps spread sex-related events rapidly across all social strata, increasing the publics and relevant departments attention. However, radical public voice will also cause the focus of the problem to shift, promoting unnecessary group confrontation so that the real problem cannot be solved. This paper puts forward a targeted policy to solve the problem of sexual harassment and also points out the future optimization direction of the judicial system.

Are They Really Helping Them to "Get Over It"? Bystander Behavior After Sexual Harassment Incidents in the Fashion Industry.

Sexual harassment is a problem that continues to confront mostly women in the American workforce. One of the primary ways to reduce its prevalence and impact is through bystander intervention. A bystander is familiar with the incident and ultimately decides whether to proactively intervene, do nothing, or actually cause further damage to the victim by siding with the perpetrator. While bystanders can become engaged both prior to and during a sexually harassing event, or at the primary and secondary levels of prevention, they can also be involved after the incident, or at the tertiary level of prevention. This present study addressed tertiary prevention in real-life sexual harassment cases drawn from the fashion industry, whereby female models-as independent contractors represented by agencies and with few labor rights-were the victims, powerful men in the business were the key perpetrators, and other actors were the bystanders. Using thematic analysis to understand 18 accounts of harassment, this research identified bystander support from personal associates and some modeling agencies as institutions in the form of emotional resources and action-oriented advocacy. However, other modeling agencies more commonly engaged in bystander opposition, whereby they silenced their models who complained of harassment or continued to send models to work with known perpetrators in the business. This study thus draws attention to the ways in which some bystanders can help, but others can cause further harm through their particular employment relationships with victims that promote worker precarity. Implications for practitioners and public policy reforms for this industry are discussed.

Gendered Understanding and Experiences of Sexual Harassment: Informing a Policy Framework for Higher Education Institutions

Sexual harassment policies in South African higher education institutions show variations in focus and content. In this study, we set out to determine students’ understandings and experiences of sexual harassment with the broader aim of informing a framework that higher education institutions could use to strengthen their sexual harassment policies. A total of 640 (of a potential 2 222) students completed an online survey that, among other things, incorporated the Sexual Experience Questionnaire. Non-parametric procedures were used to identify significant gender differences and effect sizes in students’ understandings and experiences of sexual harassment. More female students experienced some form of sexual harassment, and they were more likely to recognise different types of verbal sexual harassment (possibly because they present a broader definition of harassment). The female students appeared less tolerant of harassment behaviour, but they were significantly more hesitant to report sexual harassment than the male students. In addition, the female students were less likely to consider themselves familiar with the guidelines on reporting incidents of sexual harassment and they were more likely to feel that perpetrators get away with harassment behaviour than the male students. Both male and female students indicated that sexual harassment is more likely to occur between student groups than between students and lecturers. The male and female students expressed strong support for the proposed policy components, including defining sexual harassment, procedures for reporting and disciplinary sanctions for sexual harassment.

LGBTQ+ officers in US federal service: an examination of workplace inclusion and experiencing sex-based discrimination

ABSTRACT Workplace inclusion occurs when employees perceive a workplace climate that values all employees and treats them fairly with dignity and respect. Yet, social identity theory suggests that this inclusive culture remains limited among LGBTQ+ employees, especially in hyper-masculine occupations such as policing. Using a sample of 4,578 sworn officers, this study examines the level of inclusion perceived by LGBTQ+ officers in US federal service, in comparison to non-LGBTQ+ officers. The moderating effects of inclusion are also investigated on LGBTQ+ officers who experience sex-based discrimination, to include sexual harassment. Findings suggest LGBTQ+ officers perceive less inclusion in the workplace than non-LGBTQ+ officers. However, LGBTQ+ officers who report working in an inclusive climate are less likely to experience incidents of sexual harassment, while there is no significant effect for sexual discrimination. These findings are important because they extend the discourse on capturing the workplace experiences of an underserved or disadvantaged community in policing scholarship.

The life of the party: Entrepreneurial labor, sexual harassment, and the fashion industry

Sexual harassment is a serious problem that continues to affect primarily women in the United States workforce today. The modeling industry within cultural economy—which focuses on the production of goods and services chiefly for their aesthetic value—presents significant challenges in this area as predominantly young girls are working in a field dominated by powerful men. Female fashion models must engage in networking entrepreneurial labor in what I call “the party life” in order to obtain employment, keep their jobs, and secure future work. This study uses qualitative content analysis to map out how the party life leads to incidents of sexual harassment with both personal and professional consequences for fashion models using 20 distinct narratives. Implications for how the party life actually occurs in the modeling field on a daily basis and how entrepreneurial labor and gendered power relations interact to produce sexual harassment are discussed. Finally, recommendations for reform in the industry are detailed.

Ride-hailing while female: Negotiating China’s digital public sphere

This research reveals how social media advances gender responsiveness in the context of China’s digital transformation by exploring ride-hailing services, a fast-growing though often under-regulated sector. Specifically, the rise of ride-hailing has been accompanied by incidents of sexual harassment and gender-based violence, leading to social media outrage. Building on Habermas’s concept of the public sphere, this study – perhaps the first to explore the gender dynamics of ride-hailing policymaking in China – centers on the notion of digital public sphere. This study investigates how citizens, corporations, and government agencies have markedly differed in their discourses on gender and safety. Results exhibit that as corporations and government agencies seek technological and legislative solutions to improve safety, Chinese citizen-based activism efforts have amplified gendered perspectives, addressing gender-responsive policymaking. These actors generate discourses that echo various strands of feminism and further cultivate the policy trajectory, including pressuring government agencies to enforce the social accountability of private corporations. This research addresses a pragmatic perspective to demonstrate how liberal, socialist, and cultural feminisms coexist and negotiate in China’s digital public sphere. It aims to enhance one’s understanding of online civic engagement and resulting policy change in contemporary China, enriching the public sphere theory with emerging technology under a contentious political context.

Pendampingan Asertif Terhadap Remaja Korban Pelecehan Seksual di DPPPA Palembang

The increasing incidence of sexual harassment against adolescents, including sexual harassment against adolescent girls, highlights the need to protect adolescents. Sexual crimes against adolescents are a form of violence committed by adults to satisfy their sexual desires. Sexual violence includes sexual exploitation in the form of prostitution or pornography, fondling, forcing adolescents to touch another person's genitals, sexual intercourse, rape, sexual intercourse with another person same blood (incest) and sodomy. The method used specifically is a very assertive counseling approach, which seeks to support clients who have experienced sexual violence by giving them the space to express their rights, thoughts, feelings, and beliefs directly, honestly and respectfully. Results from mentoring activities suggest that mentoring programs aimed at increasing the self-confidence of victims of sexual harassment can influence victims' behavior, for example by making them confident and courageous in social interactions with the opposite sex and the environment.

875 Women in Surgery: A Qualitative Analysis of Tweets Engaged in the Gender Disparity Discourse

Abstract Aim This study was conducted to identify the main areas of gender bias affecting current female-identifying surgeons through posts shared on a social media platform, Twitter, and to use this analysis, alongside contemporary literature, to suggest how social media can help progress the movement towards gender parity in surgery. Method The study analysed five Twitter hashtags used to engage in the gender-bias discourse: #ILookLikeASurgeon, #MedBikini, #WomenInSurgery, #OperateWithRespect, and #HammerItOut. Phase One involved the manual collection and thematic analysis of tweets to identify the main areas of gender bias before relating this to literature. Phase Two used Twitter analysis software, TweetBinder, to create analytical reports to demonstrate the efficacy of Twitter as a data resource. Results Three-hundred-and-fifteen tweets were collected, with five main themes of gender-based discrimination identified: sexism, bullying, sexual harassment, patients’ perceptions, and pay and job disparity. Female-identifying junior staff have experienced gender-based microaggressions to deter them from a surgical career. Bullying and incidences of sexual harassment promote the attrition of female-identifying surgeons, resulting in great pay disparity and global under-representation. The Twitter hashtags significantly improved the outreach of the tweets, promoting engagement with new users to the discourse. Conclusions The thematic analysis of tweets echoes the findings of contemporary research but personalises the statistics around gender disparity to create a more compelling provocation for attitude change. Twitter can facilitate contemporary engagement in the surgical gender-parity discussion from both familiar and new users. This may influence current surgical trainees and inspire a new generation of diverse and inclusive surgeons.

587 #ILookLikeASurgeon: How Social Media Can Help Change the Face of Surgery

Abstract Aim This study was conducted to assess the benefit of using Twitter hashtags in campaigns that promote diversity and inclusivity amongst the medical workforce, specifically the surgical gender disparity discourse. Hashtags were assessed by their ability to establish the main issues faced by current female-identifying trainees and in promoting engagement with the movement. Method Five Twitter hashtags, specific to the surgical gender inclusivity discourse were examined: #ILookLikeASurgeon, #MedBikini, #WomenInSurgery, #OperateWithRespect, and #HammerItOut. Phase One involved the manual collection and thematic analysis of tweets to identify the main areas of gender disparity affecting trainees. Phase Two consulted TweetBinder to yield analytical information on hashtag engagement. Results Three-hundred-and-fifteen tweets were collected, with five main themes of gender-based disparity identified: sexism, bullying, sexual harassment, patients’ perceptions, and pay and job disparity. Female-identifying students and trainees describe experiencing exclusionary microaggressions, whilst bullying practices, and incidences of sexual harassment, have made surgery a hostile work environment for some. Structurally, the surgical curriculum remains limited in the support of non-clinical caring responsibilities, resulting in great pay disparity and global under-representation in the field. Hashtags increased the scale of the online discourse and outreach of the tweets, helping to promote the movement and increase engagement. Conclusion Following topical hashtags, thematic analysis of tweets can establish the main areas of gender disparity in surgery. Hashtags promote engagement from users globally and outside of the field, generating an impactful online discourse. The findings of this study reflect contemporary literature but personalise the statistics reported to further drive cultural change.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Video Animasi terhadap Peningkatan Pengetahuan Pencegahan Pelecehan Seksual pada Anak Usia Dini di Tk Aisyiyah Kota Bukittinggi

In recent times, sexual abuse of children in Indonesia has been increasing, not only among adolescents, but also among young children who have been targeted by sexual offenders. With the high number of incidents of sexual harassment, the government issued a law as a preventive measure to reduce the level of sexual violence against children, namely Law No. 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection. The purpose of this study was to see "The Effect of Using Video Animation Media on Increasing Knowledge of Prevention of Sexual Harassment in Early Childhood at Aisyiyah Kindergarten, Bukittinggi City". The introduction of knowledge education about sexual abuse in early childhood must of course be delivered in very interesting media. This research is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design without control using a simple random sampling technique. The number of respondents was 25 students of Aisyiyah Kindergarten, Bukittinggi City. Data analysis in this study used the Wilcoxon test

Workplace bullying and sexual harassment among general surgery residents in Colombia

Exploramos la magnitud de estos problemas entre los residentes de cirugía general en Colombia. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio nacional en junio de 2020. Los residentes autoevaluaron su exposición a la intimidación y el acoso sexual en forma de acoso de género, atención sexual no deseada y coerción sexual. Se analizaron variables demográficas y perpetradores entre víctimas y no víctimas. Se incluyeron un total de 302 residentes. Las tasas de acoso laboral y sexual fueron del 49% y 14,9%, respectivamente. Las principales formas de acoso sexual correspondieron al acoso de género (47%) y la atención sexual no deseada (47%). El acoso sexual fue significativamente mayor entre las mujeres. Los cirujanos fueron los principales perpetradores. El acoso laboral y el acoso sexual son frecuentes en la formación quirúrgica en Colombia. Estos hallazgos conducen a intervenciones para mejorar la cultura educativa de los departamentos quirúrgicos para disminuir la prevalencia de estos comportamientos.

Sexual Harassment and its Impact in Females at Workplace in Dhanusha District, Madhesh Province, Nepal

INTRODUCTION: The violence of sexual harassment at workplace is problematic issue in the community for females. It has a direct bearing on the workplace productivity as well as the development of the society. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the effects of sexual harassment on health and daily performances of female employees. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Descriptive study was carried out in Dhanusha district of Madhesh province of Nepal from March, 2022 to April 2022. The study was conducted in different organizations (workplace) situated in Dhanusha district which were selected purposely. The sample size was 120 working females. Banks, schools, hospitals, and shopping centres were the selected female working places in this study. Face to face interview was conducted through structured questionnaire for the 120 females who gave the permission for interview. RESULTS: The present study demonstrated that 61.67 % respondents exhibited to possess the knowledge about sexual harassment however, 38.33% of the female respondents demonstrated to be unaware about sexual harassment at their workplace. Among the total numbers of female participating in the research, 29% of the females had experienced the incidence of sexual harassment. Majority of respondents (25.71%) working efficacy had reduced after being suffered from sexual harassment and 5.71% had changed their job. 5.71% females suffered from headache and body ache, 5.71% suffered from high blood pressure, 22.86% suffered from anorexia, 20% suffered from restlessness/insomnia, 17.14% suffered from fatigue, 14.29% suffered from anxiety, 11.43% faced depression and 2.86% had lost their body weight. CONCLUSIONS: Sexual harassment for females at work place affects them physically as well as mentally. Therefore, awareness programme should be conducted time to time and anti-sexual harassment policy should be implemented at workplace.

Gender Roles, Sexual Cognitions, and History of Victimization: A Preliminary Model of Reporting Behavior among College Students

Sexual cognitions that flow from gender roles and previous history of victimization are strong predictors of sexual assault victimization. Because these cognitions reside within the individual themselves, we hypothesized that these same cognitions will also be predictors of subsequent reporting behavior to formal campus supports. An online self-report survey for assessing student awareness and perception of sexual safety was administered in a random stratified sample of college students (<em>N </em>= 98; 78% female). Participants were shown a hypothetical vignette involving a quid pro quo sexual harassment incident involving a student and were asked to rate their likelihood of making a formal report if this happened to them. Controlling for Type 1 error rates, a backward-chunk-wise elimination procedure was used to build a regression model involving nine predictors grouped into five categories: (1) conformity to traditional gender roles; (2) rape myth acceptance beliefs; (3) token resistance; (4) sexual assertiveness; and (5) prior history of victimization. Three of the five categories remained in the model after a sequential process of eliminating non-significant predictors. Specifically, lower agreement with token resistance beliefs, stronger sexual assertiveness, and not being a victim in the past increased the likelihood of respondents stating they would initiate a formal report. When predicting reporting behavior among the general college student sample, sexual cognitions related to token resistance beliefs and sexual assertiveness appear to be more robust predictors compared to conformity to traditional gender roles alone. Programming activities could consider targeting these attitudes as opposed to broad aspects of traditional gender roles. Future studies should test this model in a confirmatory manner to determine its reliability in subsequent samples, in addition to the potential role of toxic masculinity attitudes.

The Challenges of Civil Society Organisations: NGO-isation of Resistance in Malaysia?

Numerous academic studies asserted the positive contribution of Malaysian civil society organisations in national policymaking and democratisation. Nonetheless, several issues have recently posed significant challenges to civil society organisations, including NGOs. These include, for instance, reported sexual harassment incidents and controversies of purported democratic aid or funding to the NGOs. Meanwhile, the phrase “uncivil society” and the relevant definition are ambiguously applied to the existing Malaysian NGOs, as past scholarly works solely concentrated on investigating civil society. The current study aims to explore the concept of “uncivil society” in Malaysia and its relevance to the NGO-isation of resistance. Specifically, this study reviews literature on the existing concepts of civil-uncivil society, the NGO-isation of resistance, and the development of CSOs and NGOs. This study revealed different experiences of individuals, who collaborated with four different NGO types, namely human rights, women, education, and the environment. Resultantly, three main concerns regarding “uncivil society” and NGO-isation of resistance are identified. The three identified concerns, namely undemocratic work culture, the NGO establishment motive, and ineffective resistance, could occur in Malaysia.