Incidence Of Sports Injuries Research Articles

The advance of research on rhythmic gymnastics

This study conducted a systematic review of the existing literature on rhythmic gymnastics. Through searching databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, 37 out of 2319 articles were selected, covering training and physical fitness, nutrition and metabolism, as well as sports injuries and rehabilitation. The findings revealed that: (1) Core physical training significantly enhanced athletes’ performance; (2) Inadequate nutritional intake was prevalent; (3) The incidence of sports injuries was high, particularly those resulting from overtraining. The conclusion emphasizes the need to enhance strength training, optimize nutritional management, and further investigate injury prevention and rehabilitation measures to enhance athletes’ performance and health status.

Research on the prevention of joint and muscle injuries in competitive sports by scientific sports—Table tennis as an example

Table tennis is the most popular sport among all people, which damages every joints of the body to a certain extent, and is an example of scientific sports analysis and popularization. Analyzing the causes of joint and muscle injuries in table tennis and seeking effective preventive measures can not only reduce the incidence of sports injuries, but also ensure that athletes keep a high level of competitive state in high-intensity and long-term training and competition to a certain extent, and prolong their sports life. From two aspects of traditional sports injury prevention measures and the design of a multi-data fusion management rehabilitation robot, the prevention of muscle injury in competitive sports has been studied in depth.

Relief and improvement of traditional Chinese medicine combined with exercise therapy in sports dance sports injury disorder from a biomechanical perspective

Among all kinds of sports, competitive sports with graceful movements as the main content are deeply loved by athletes. However, in the practice of sports dance, due to insufficient skills, incorrect movements, inattention and other factors, it is easy to cause sports injuries, which affects the effect of sports dance teaching. Therefore, the research and application of the alleviation and improvement of sports injury disorders are becoming more and more important. Although there are many researches and applied studies on the mitigation and improvement of sports injury disorders in sports dance, the existing research still needs to be supplemented. In this paper, a combination of traditional Chinese medicine and exercise therapy has been discussed. First, the relevant theoretical overview and related work were organized, and the sports dance movement was introduced. Then, based on the modeling of sports injury disorder, related algorithms were written, and the elements of mitigation and improvement of sports injury disorder, sports injury elements of sports dance, and elements of traditional Chinese medicine combined with exercise therapy were introduced. In the fourth part, a study on the improvement of alleviation and improvement of sports injury disorder in sports dance was carried out. In this paper, various algorithms were used to study the topic of Chinese medicine combined with exercise therapy in the mitigation and improvement of sports dance injury disorders, and the experiments were summarized and discussed. The results of the study showed that the mitigation improvement and application study of sports injury impairment in sports dance constructed in this paper can reduce the incidence of sports injury by 4.62%.

The Characteristics of Sports Injuries in Adolescent Athletes according to Sports Specialization: A Preliminary Study

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of sports injuries in adolescent athletes according to sports specialization.METHODS One hundred and seventeen adolescent athletes including soccer, swimming, artery, weightlifting, modern pentathlon, and softball were recruited for this study, and a 12 questionnaire related to sports injuries was surveyed and analyzed.RESULTS The longer the period of sports specialization, the more frequent the number of sports injuries. Most sports injuries occur in the afternoon, but some adolescent athletes with long careers have had injuries in the early morning. Adolescent athletes with less than 3 years of careers had the highest incidence of sports injuries during match(52%), while those with 3 to 5 years (55%) of careers and more than 5 years (73%) of careers had the highest incidence of injuries during training. The main causes of sports injuries for athletes with less than 3 years of careers were poor skill (27%), overuse (25%), and lack of warm-up (23%). For adolescent athletes with 3 to 5 years of careers, the main causes were poor skill (31%), lack of warm-up (19%), and overuse(16%). 5 years or more of careers, the main causes were poor skill (35%), overuse (24%), and lack of warm-up (19%).CONCLUSIONS Adolescent athletes who are exposed to sports specialization early may be exposed to sports injuries due to intensive training, overuse, and poor skill according to the characteristics of the sport. Therefore, managers such as coaches and athletic trainers need to create a training environment to prevent sports injuries due to sports specialization of adolescent athletes.

The FIFA 11+ injury prevention program reduces the incidence of lower extremity injuries in football players: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The FIFA 11+ preventive program is designed to reduce the incidence of injury in sports. However, to gain a better understanding of its effect a systematic review and meta-analysis is needed. The current review aims to investigate the effect of the FIFA 11+ preventive program on injury incidence among male and female football players. This study used Scopus, PEDro, SPORTDiscus, and ProQuest as data sources. The initial selection of the studies, thorough assessment of the tile, and abstract. Extraction of the necessary study data was conducted by two independent researchers. Another two independent researchers assessed the quality of each included study against 39 used criteria. These criteria were combined from several popular quality assessment scales. The incidence of injuries measured in the lower extremities in football players after addressing the FIFA11+ was the outcome of interest. This review included 12 trials of variable methodological quality from which 10 trials were selected for the meta-analysis. In general, the FIFA11+ program showed a significant reduction (P<0.1) in lower limb injury incidence for male young and adults in comparison to other programs. However, evidence of its effectiveness in females is lacking and more studies are needed. The FIFA 11+ program is recommended to be used and implemented as a preventive strategy in males. Although, the result showed a significant reduction in injury incidence in adult males, heterogeneity between studies is high which may reduce the generalizability of the results. More studies are needed to investigate the effect of the FIFA 11+ program on females.

Hotspots and trends in satellite cell research in muscle regeneration: A bibliometric visualization and analysis from 2010 to 2023

BackgroundThe incidence of muscle atrophy or sports injuries is increasing with time and population aging, thereby attracting considerable attention to muscle generation research. Muscle satellite cells, which play an important role in this process, lack comprehensive literature regarding their use for muscle regeneration. Hence, this study aimed to analyze the hotspots and trends in satellite cell research from 2010 to 2023, providing a reference for muscle regeneration research. MethodsStudies on satellite cells’ role in muscle regeneration from 2010 to 2023 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. Using CiteSpace and VOSviewer, we analyzed annual publications, authors and co-citing authors, countries and institutions, journals and co-citing journals, co-citing references, and keywords. ResultsFrom 2010 to 2023, 1468 papers were retrieved, indicating an overall increasing trend in the number of annual publications related to satellite cells in muscle regeneration. The United States had the highest number of publications, while the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale was the institution with the most publications. Among journals, " PloS One" had the highest number of published papers, and "Cell" emerged as the most co-cited journal. A total of 7425 authors were involved, with Michael A. Rudnicki being the author with the highest number of publications and the most co-cited author. The most cited reference was "Satellite cells and the muscle stem cell niche." Among keywords, “satellite cells” was the most common, with "heterogeneity" having the highest centrality. Frontier themes included "Duchenne muscular dystrophy,” "skeletal muscle,” "in-vivo,” "muscle regeneration,” "mice," "muscle atrophy,” "muscle fibers,” "inflammation,” " mesenchymal stem cells,” and "satellite cell." ConclusionThis study presents the current status and trends in satellite cell research on muscle regeneration from 2010 to 2023 using bibliometric analyses, providing valuable insights into numerous future research directions.

The 25 Most Cited Articles in Pediatric Orthopaedic Sports Medicine.

Citation analysis reflects the influence a work has on a field of research and can be used to identify "classic" works and their qualities in medical specialties. By analyzing the characteristics of these works, we intended to determine what qualities make for a highly cited work in pediatric orthopaedic sports medicine. To identify the top 25 most cited articles in the field of pediatric orthopaedic sports medicine. Cross-sectional study. The Science Citation Index Expanded feature within the Web of Science database was searched using a Boolean string, generating 2008 pediatric orthopaedic sports medicine articles arranged by number of citations. The top 25 most cited articles were reviewed for authors, year of publication, source journal, country of origin, region of origin, diagnosis or condition of focus, and level of evidence (LOE). Most of the articles were published in the 2000s (range, 1992-2016). The mean number of citations was 166 (range, 119-329), and the mean citation density was 13.25 (range, 4.25-29.57). There were 18 of 25 studies performed in the United States. A plurality of the articles were published in the American Journal of Sports Medicine. The LOE ranged from 2 to 4, with the most common being level 2 (11/25). Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury management (14/25) and epidemiological studies on the incidence of various sports injuries (6/25) were the most represented topics of study. Since the 1990s, the mean citation density for articles related to ACL injuries in young athletes and the epidemiology of sports injuries has been increasing. This evaluation demonstrated that ACL injuries and the epidemiology of sports injuries had the highest citation density of the most influential studies in pediatric orthopaedic sports medicine. We identified attributes such as country of publication, journal of publication, and LOE that make for a highly cited pediatric orthopaedic sports medicine article. Overall, citation density in pediatric sports medicine is increasing. Nonetheless, the most represented LOE in the most cited works is level 2, with no level 1 studies being represented in the top 25. In terms of both topics and LOE, this study allows surgeons to identify deficiencies in the existing literature and meaningfully design future studies to improve on these.

Clinical analysis of 1301 children with hand and foot fractures and growth plate injuries.

Fractures of hands and feet are common in children, but relevant epidemiological studies are currently lacking. We aim to study the epidemiological characteristics of hand and foot fractures and growth plate injuries in children and provide a theoretical basis for their prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. We retrospectively analyzed the data of children with hand and foot fractures who were hospitalized at Shenzhen Children's Hospital between July 2015 and December 2020. Data on demographic characteristics, fracture site, treatment method, etiology of injury, and accompanying injuries were collected. The children were divided into four age groups: infants, preschool children, school children, and adolescents. The fracture sites were classified as first-level (the first-fifth finger/toe, metacarpal, metatarsal, carpal, and tarsal) and second-level (the first-fifth: proximal phalanx, middle phalanx, distal phalanx, metacarpal, and metatarsal) sites. The changing trends in fracture locations and injury causes among children in each age group were analyzed. Overall, 1301 children (1561 fractures; 835 boys and 466 girls) were included. The largest number of fractures occurred in preschool children (n = 549, 42.20%), with the distal phalanx of the third finger being the most common site (n = 73, 15.57%). The number of fractures in adolescents was the lowest (n = 158, 12.14%), and the most common fracture site was the proximal phalanx of the fifth finger (n = 45, 29.61%). Of the 1561 fractures, 1143 occurred in the hands and 418 in the feet. The most and least common first-level fracture sites among hand fractures were the fifth (n = 300, 26.25%) and first (n = 138, 12.07%) fingers, respectively. The most and least common first-level foot fracture locations were the first (n = 83, 19.86%) and fourth (n = 26, 6.22%) toes, respectively. The most common first-level and second level etiologies were life related injuries (n = 1128, 86.70%) and clipping injuries (n = 428, 32.90%), respectively. The incidence of sports injuries gradually increased with age, accounting for the highest proportion in adolescents (26.58%). Hand and foot fractures had many accompanying injuries, with the top three being nail bed injuries (570 cases, 36.52%), growth plate injuries (296 cases, 18.96%), and distal severed fracture (167 cases, 10.70%). Among the 296 growth plate injuries, 246 occurred on the hands and 50 on the feet. In contrast to previous epidemiological studies on pediatric hand and foot fractures, we mapped the locations of these fractures, including proximal, shaft, distal, and epiphyseal plate injuries. We analyzed the changing trends in fracture sites and injury etiologies with age. Hand and foot fractures have many accompanying injuries that require attention during diagnosis and treatment. Doctors should formulate accident protection measures for children of different ages, strengthen safety education, and reduce the occurrence of accidental injuries.

Global research trends and hotspots in patellofemoral pain syndrome from 2000 to 2023: a bibliometric and visualization study.

Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a prevalent condition in sports medicine, and as sports competitions become more popular, the incidence of sports injuries is on the rise. Despite the increasing research on PFPS, there remains a lack of bibliometric analyses on this topic. The aim of this study was to identify the research hotspots and trends in the field of PFPS by reviewing 23 years of literature in this field. By analyzing the literature on PFPS research from 2000 to 2023 in the core dataset of the Web of Science database and utilizing bibliometric tools like CiteSpace 6.1, VOSviewer 1.6.18, R-bibliometrix 4.6.1, Pajek 5.16, and Scimago Graphica 1.0.26, our aim was to gain insights into the current status and key areas of PFPS research. The study examined various aspects including the number of publications, countries, institutions, journals, authors, collaborative networks, keywords, and more. Through the visualization of relevant data, we also attempted to forecast future trends in the field. There were 2,444 publications were included in this visualization study, published in 322 journals by 1,247 authors from 818 institutions in 67 countries. The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy had the highest number of publications, with the USA leading in article count. La Trobe University contributed the most articles, while Rathleff MS and Barton CJ emerged as the most prolific authors. Hip and knee strength and core strength, lower extremity kinematics and biomechanics, females (runners), muscle activation, risk factors, gait retraining, clinical practice guidelines, and rehabilitation were research hotspot keywords. Current research suggests that there is still significant potential for the development of PFPS research. Key areas of focus include the clinical effectiveness of combined hip and knee strengthening to address PFPS, characterization of lower limb kinematics and biomechanics, gait retraining, risk factors, and clinical practice guidelines. Future research could explore the effectiveness of innovative exercise therapies such as blood flow restricting training, gait retraining, and neuromuscular control training for PFPS improvement. Further investigation into gait retraining for runners, particularly females, and clinical efficacy study of a novel PRP formulation for the treatment of PFPS.

The Effect of Flexibility and Agility Exercises to Reduce some Muscle Injuries to the lower limbs of football players

Football is one of the most popular and widespread sports in the world, as it has reached an extent that has not reached other sports, and with the great development in the intensity of sports competitions, this was accompanied by a high incidence of sports injuries, especially in the muscles of the lower extremities, as it constitutes (35%) of the total injuries In football, the best way to reduce these injuries is to use flexibility and agility exercises to reduce them, as these exercises give flexibility and elasticity to the muscles and make the player able to change direction with different playing positions as well as make the muscles able to withstand the effort exerted on them. The thesis aimed to prepare exercises for flexibility and agility to reduce some muscle injuries, and to know the effect of these exercises to reduce some muscle injuries, and to raise the efficiency of muscle groups of the lower extremities of the research sample The researcher assumed that there are statistically significant differences between the results of the pre-tests and the post-tests in reducing some muscle injuries of the lower extremities, and that they have a positive effect in reducing the injury The researcher used the experimental method in the one-group method for its suitability to the nature of the message, and the research sample was determined on football players for the youth category of Al-Jawiya Club for the sports season (2020/2021), whose number is 23 players, as they were deliberately chosen from the original community by (3) units per week. The duration of the program lasted (6) weeks, as the total number of units was (18) units, and after the completion of the program, post-tests were conducted and appropriate statistical treatments were used to reach the results, after which the results were presented, analyzed and discussed, and the researcher reached conclusions, the most important of which was raising The efficiency of the muscle groups of the lower extremities through the emergence of test results in favor of the post-tests, which gives a positive indication and a conclusive evidence in the development of these muscles. As for the recommendations, the most important of which is the need to use flexibility and agility (preventive) exercises prepared by the researcher because of their positive and noticeable effect in reducing some Muscle injuries for the research sample

A79: Epidemiology of Athletic Injuries in China College Rock Climbing Athlete

Purpose: Originating from mountaineering, rock climbing has encountered fresh opportunities for growth since its inclusion in the Olympics, and there is a growing awareness of the associated injury risks. Methods: Using questionnaire survey and mathematical statistics methods, this paper studied the epidemiological characteristics of sports injuries among Chinese college rock-climbing athletes by 6 Chinese university rock-climbing teams. Results: The incidence of sports injury was as high as 87.10%, and the annual incidence of injury was 3.39 times/year. The number of injuries was mainly 1 time (43.55%), and the number of injuries was less in 4 (8.06%;) or 5 times (1.61%). A total of 105 injuries occurred, involving 107 body parts. Finger injuries were the most frequent, 30 times (28.04%), and followed by knee joint 12 times (11.21%). The most common injuries were abrasions (39.25%) followed by strains (26.17%) and impact injuries (13.08%). The incidence of acute injury was much higher than that of chronic injury, with 73 acute injuries (69.52%) and 32 chronic injuries (30.48%). UIAA1 injury was the most, 93 times (88.57%), followed by UIAA2 injury 10 times (9.52%). UIAA3 injury was once (0.95%). The most injuries occurred during training with 88 times (83.81%), followed by 11 times in competition (10.48%) and 6 times in other times (5.71%). Rock climbing events had the most injuries with 53 times (50.48%), followed by 32 times (30.48%), speed 15 times (14.29%) and other 5 times (4.76%). The factors influencing the occurrence of injury include risk factors and inducing events. The most important risk factors were the awareness of injury protection (P &lt; 0.05), sufficient preparation activities (P &lt; 0.05), wearing professional climbing shoes (P &lt; 0.05), and qualified protectors (P &lt; 0.05). Insufficient warm-up (n=41; 26.28%), the athlete's own technical movement error (n=35; 22.44%), excessive exercise load (n=25; 16.03%) were the most major injury-inducing event. Conclusion: Chinese college rock climbers face a high incidence of injuries, affecting various body sites and manifesting in numerous injury types. The injuries tend to be of a relatively mild degree, and the risk factors are complex and variable. It is crucial for the Chinese community to approach rock climbing injuries with reason, diligently avoid associated risk factors, enhance support for rock climbing injury research, and foster the healthy and rapid development of rock climbing among Chinese college students.

Risk prediction modeling in the context of machine learning for injury prevention in sports

Abstract Machine learning plays an increasingly important role in the field of disease risk prediction due to its optimization advantages. This paper proposes deep confidence network optimization based on the early warning model constructed by the neural network and chooses the restricted Boltzmann machine and backpropagation algorithm as the theoretical basis of deep confidence network construction. The deep confidence network is established through the construction and stacking of RBM, and backpropagation is used to fine-tune the network parameters to generate the model. Combined with the incidence rate data of sports injuries of physical education majors and the injury classification of the deep confidence network algorithm, the test data application results verify that the algorithm has a good effect of early warning in case of sports injuries. The survey data showed that the incidence of sports injuries was 228%, and the main risk indicators causing sports injuries were not drinking alcohol (95.31%) and incorrect sports knowledge (92.09%). The model correctly predicted 94.15% (95% CI: 0.9204, 0.9608) with sensitivity and specificity: 0.954 and 0.923, respectively.

Incidence and prevalence of injuries in some sports – review

: Injuries are an inherent risk associated with sports participation, impacting the health and performance of athletes across various disciplines. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the incidence and prevalence of injuries in selected sports, shedding light on the magnitude and patterns of injuries observed within each sport. To conduct this review, an extensive search was performed across electronic databases and relevant sports medicine literature. The findings reveal significant variability in injury rates and patterns among different sports. Sports such as football, handball, and volleyball, exhibit higher overall injury rates, with musculoskeletal injuries being most prevalent. Conversely, sports such as running, and cycling tend to demonstrate lower injury rates, with a focus on overuse injuries. Common injury types observed across sports include sprains, strains, fractures, contusions, and concussions, while body regions such as the lower extremities, head and neck, and upper limbs are frequently affected. Various factors contribute to the occurrence of injuries in sports, including player age, gender, skill level, training intensity, equipment usage, playing surface, and rule modifications. Contact and collision sports carry a higher risk of traumatic injuries compared to non-contact and individual sports. Understanding the incidence and prevalence of injuries in different sports is crucial for the development and implementation of injury prevention strategies. This review highlights the need for tailored approaches that address sport-specific risk factors, focusing on athlete education, proper training techniques, equipment modifications, rule changes, and enhanced medical support.

Characteristics of Sports Injuries in Athletes During the Winter Olympics: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Athletes in the Winter Olympic Games are subject to high injury rates given the physical demands of sports. Comprehensive data regarding injury characteristics in these athletes are limited. To summarize and analyze data regarding the incidence and characteristics of sports injuries occurring in the Winter Olympic Games. Scoping review; Level of evidence, 4. A systematic review of the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases was conducted. Included were studies reporting the incidence of sports injuries during the Winter Olympics Games from 1995 through 2021. From 168 studies initially retrieved, 4 studies (8824 athletes, 1057 injured athletes) were included. A single-group meta-analysis of sports injury characteristics was performed, with subgroup analysis performed according to the different sports, injury locations, and injury types. Injury severity (time lost from sport) and mechanism were also assessed. The overall injury incidence rate (IIR) during the Winter Olympic Games was 9.6% (95% CI, 4.1%-19.8%). Snow sports were associated with the highest IIR (11.3%), with the top 3 events being the snowboard cross event in snowboarding (31.4%), the aerials event in freestyle skiing (28.6%), and the slopestyle event in snowboarding (27.7%). The most common injury locations were the knee (IIR = 20.0%; 95% CI 17.9%-22.0%), head (IIR = 10.6%; 95% CI, 9.4%-11.9%), and ankle (IIR = 8.2%; 95% CI 7.8%-8.7%). The most common injury types were contusion/hematoma/bruise (IIR = 29.9%; 95% CI 29.7%-30.0%), sprain (dislocation, subluxation, instability, ligamentous, rupture) (IIR = 21.9%; 95% CI 21.4%-22.3%), and strain (muscle rupture, tear, tendon rupture) (IIR = 11.3%; 95% CI 11.0%-11.6%). Regarding injury severity, most athletes had no time lost from sport (64.5%); 24.0% lost fewer than 7 days, and 11.5% lost more than 7 days. The most common injury mechanism was noncontact-related injury (63.3%). In Winter Olympics sports, snow-sport injuries were more common than those associated with other sports, and the most common injury location was the knee. Most injuries did not require time loss, and the most were noncontact-related injuries.

Exploring the Epidemiology of Injuries in Athletes of the Olympic Winter Games: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This study sought to provide a comprehensive assessment of the incidence of sports injuries among athletes participating in the Olympic Winter Games and to investigate contributing factors. We gathered injury data from athletes participating in the recent four Olympic Winter Games, incorporating details on the sports event, sex, injury location, and type. Through a meta-analysis, we calculated the injury incidence rates for each sport and examined the influence of sex and the type of sport on these incidence rates. Out of 11,197 registered athletes, we documented 1,304 sports injuries. The sports events with the highest injury rates were freestyle skiing, snowboarding, alpine skiing, bobsleigh, and ice hockey, with the most frequent injury locations being the knees, thoracic/lumbar/back regions, and the wrist/hand/fingers. Contusions, hematomas, and bruises were the most prevalent injuries, followed by strains (including muscle rupture, tearing, or tendon rupture) and sprains (covering dislocations, subluxations, and ligament ruptures). In the Olympic Winter Games, events such as freestyle skiing, snowboarding, alpine skiing, bobsleigh, and ice hockey pose a particularly high risk. Predominant injury sites include the knee, spine/back, and wrist and hand, with injuries ranging from contusions and hematomas to strains and sprains. For effective injury prevention, it is crucial to emphasize proper medical resource allocation, specialized training for medical personnel, and meticulous venue maintenance.

Effectiveness of Protective Measures and Rules in Reducing the Incidence of Injuries in Combat Sports: A Scoping Review.

In recent years, much effort has been made to reduce the injury rate in combat sports. However, the question remains to what extent these measures are effective. Analysis of studies could provide evidence of the effectiveness of measures aimed at reducing the incidence of injuries. This scoping review aims (1) to map research articles dealing with the effectiveness of proper use of protective measures in reducing the incidence of injuries in combat sports; (2) to investigate to what extent the proper use of protective measures and compliance with sports rules help to reduce the incidence of injuries in combat sports; and (3) to identify gaps in the existing literature and suggest future research on this topic. The literature search was conducted on articles published between 2010 and 2023. The main inclusion criteria were studies investigating the effect of sports rules and protective equipment used during training or competition in combat sports on reducing the incidence of injuries. After meeting the criteria, only seven articles from boxing, karate, and taekwondo were included in this study. Results showed that mandatory head guards, along with modern thicker gloves, significantly reduced the rate of knockouts (KOs) and head injuries in boxing despite an increase in the number of head blows. However, the number of facial cuts increased significantly due to the removal of head guards as a piece of mandatory equipment. The use of mouth guards has significantly reduced the number of oral injuries. Changes in rules, such as shortening the duration of bouts, along with the introduction of greater competencies of referees in the supervision of bouts (the standing count, outclassed rule, and medical stops) have helped to reduce the rate of injuries in boxing. The application of a computerised scoring system also contributed to the rate of injuries reduction. The increase in the number of weight divisions had the same effect on U21 karate athletes. However, a higher incentive to attack the head area in taekwondo did not increase the incidence of injuries in youth athletes. It can be concluded that the proper use of protective measures (head and mouth guards) in combination with the rules established for health protection (higher competencies of referees and more weight divisions in competitions) effectively reduces the occurrence of injuries in combat sports. In all Olympic combat sports, the injury incidence should be regularly assessed using the Injury Incidence Rate (IIR) per 1000 min exposures (MEs). Nonetheless, further studies are needed to monitor how established rules (e.g., prohibited behaviour) affect the IIRs.

To Compare the Effect of Land and Water Based Balance Training in Functional Ankle Instability

Background: With increasing amount of leisure time and the current emphasis on the physical fitness, the incidence of sports injuries has increased dramatically. Ankle is one of the most common parts of the body to get injured during sports activities. Functional ankle instability is defined as recurrent or subjective feeling of giving way. The studies have shown that Functional Ankle Instability results in decreased ability to maintain balance &amp; a decrease in joint position sense. Aims &amp; Objective: The primary aim of the study is to determine the effect of water &amp; land-based balance training in Functional Ankle Instability.

Growth-related sports injuries among young male professional football players in the Netherlands: a prospective cohort study concerning injury incidence, severity and burden

ABSTRACT Objectives To investigate the incidence, type and location of growth-related sports injuries (GRSI) in youth professional football in the Netherlands. Secondary, to gain more knowledge on the injury severity and burden of GRSI. Methods In this prospective, longitudinal cohort study, 813 players aged 10–18 are included. Data collection is performed by instructing the medical staff of six professional football club academies to register GRSI by means of standardized forms. Training and match exposure are registered individually on a weekly basis. Injury incidence was calculated as number of GRSI per 1000 hours, injury severity as the median number of days lost in categories and injury burden as the number of days lost per 1000 hours. Results A total of 62 GRSI were documented in the football season 2021–2022. The total incidence of GRSI was 0.62/1000 hours football exposure. Morbus Osgood Schlatter and Morbus Sever were most common types of GRSI, both with incidence rates of 0.22/1000 hours exposure. About 58.3% of the documented GRSI were classified as major (>28 days lost). Within this group, the mean severity was 55 days time-loss to football. Conclusions GRSI are relatively common in youth professional football. The most common types are Morbus Sever and Morbus Osgood Schlatter. Morbus Osgood Schlatter has the highest injury severity and burden compared to other types of GRSI.

Gender differences in functional movement screen and range of motion for college students

&lt;p&gt;目的：本研究目的是比較不同性別大學生在功能性動作及關節活動度之差異。方法：45 位大學生參與，使用功能性動作篩檢 (functional movement screening, FMS)工具及自行開發之即時影像關節角度判別系統。進行七個 FMS 之角度判別，包括深蹲、跨欄、直線弓箭步、肩關節活動度、主動直膝抬腿、軀幹穩定俯臥撐、轉體穩定度，並由一位研究者進行事後錄影的人工評分。以卡方檢定分析男性與女性的七個 FMS 人工評分分數之差異；再以獨立樣本T檢定分析男性與女性在七個 FMS 動作之關節角度差異及人工評分總分結果。結果：以人工評分後發現，男性在總分 (13.6分) 顯著少於女性 (14.8分) (p &lt; .05)，且只有在主動直膝抬腿項目女性得到 3 分的人數 (55%) 高於男性 (15%) (p &lt; .05)；而加入即時影像角度判別，共有三個項目如肩關節活動度 (女性比男性好)、主動直膝抬腿 (女性比男性好)、及軀幹穩定俯臥撐 (男性比女性好) 中的關節活動度顯示出男性與女性有顯著差異 (p &lt; .05)。結論：研究結果表示男性與女性在功能性動作及關節活動度上有所差異，男性應加強主動直膝抬腿動作及肩關節旋轉柔軟度，女性應加強核心肌群肌力，以改善功能性動作。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the differences in functional movement and range of motion among college students of different genders. Methods: A total of 45 college students participated in this study. The functional movement screening (FMS) tool and the self-developed FMS auxiliary system for real-time joint angle image recognition. A total of seven functional movements were evaluated, including deep squats, hurdle step, in-line lunges, trunk stability push-up, active straight-leg raise, rotary stability, and shoulder mobility. The FMS auxiliary system recorded the video when the participates do those functional movements and manual grading the score by one researcher. Chi-square test analysis was used to compare the differences in the manual grading scores of the seven events of the FMS between men and women; independent samples T-test was used to analyze the differences in joint angles and FMS overall scores between men and women in the seven events of the FMS. Results: In manual grading scoring, it was found that the overall score of men (13.6 points) was lower than that of women (14.8 points), and only in the active straight-leg raise movement, the number of women who scored 3 points (55%) was higher than that of men (15%); However, adding real-time joint angle image recognition system, there are three items such as shoulder mobility (women better than men), active straight-leg raise (women better than men), and trunk stability push-up (men better than women) showed a significant difference in the range of motion between men and women. Conclusion: The results indicated that the differences was showed in functional movement patterns and range of motion between men and women. The results of this study suggest that men should strengthen the flexibility of active straight-leg raise and shoulder rotation, and women should strengthen core muscle strength to prevent the increase in the incidence of sports injuries.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

Prevention and Healthcare of Common Injuries in Long-Distance Running for College Teachers and Students

In recent years, more and more college teachers and students have started to participate in long-distance running. However, due to differences in physical fitness and exercise levels among participants, unexpected situations are inevitable. Therefore, this article takes some long-distance running teachers and students as the research object to study the situation of lower limb injuries in long-distance running teachers and students and analyzes the frequency and location characteristics of lower limb injuries. Then, a series of simple and feasible lower limb structural assessment and functional tests were conducted on selected long-distance running teachers and students with and without lower limb sports injuries. Research has found that the main types of sports injuries for teachers and students in long-distance running include sprains and strains. The incidence of lower limb sports injuries among long-distance running teachers and students is high, reaching 81.3%, mainly concentrated in the knee, ankle, and foot regions.