Incidence Of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Research Articles

Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment and Solar Radiation in Northwestern Spain

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and solar radiation in northwestern Spain. Methods: All RRD cases in Pontevedra from 2008 and 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Climatological data from 4 weather stations in the area were collected. The association between RRD incidence and solar radiation was investigated. Results: A total of 256 RRD cases were identified. There was a seasonal variation in the incidence of RRD with a maximum number of incident cases observed in June and July and a minimum number of cases observed in January and December. An association was found between RRD incidence and solar radiation both monthly (p = 0.004) and bimonthly (p = 0.057). The right eye was more frequently affected than the left eye (p = 0.035). RD cases other than rhegmatogenous showed neither seasonality nor association with radiation. Conclusions: Solar radiation may play a role in RRD genesis in our area. Laterality could be related to the amount of radiation reaching each eye.

Retinal detachment following cataract phacoemulsification-a review of the literature.

A link between cataract surgery and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) has long been considered. Indeed, pseudophakic retinal detachment (PPRD) forms a substantial and increasing proportion of RRD. We reviewed the literature to answer the following questions: what is the incidence of PPRD in eyes following phacoemulsification cataract surgery and how does its risk change over time following surgery? We also sought to assess how the risk is modified by intraoperative factors (operative complications, surgeon grade, subsequent laser capsulotomy), intrinsic eye-related factors (laterality, myopia, previous RRD, previous trauma, previous PVD) and patient factors (sex, age, ethnicity, affluence, systemic comorbidities). Secondarily we asked how the incidence of PPRD after phacoemulsification compares with the RRD incidence in the general population and how identified risk factors contribute to the pathophysiology of PPRD. A search of the Medline and Ovid databases was conducted for relevant publications from 1990 onwards using defined search terms with pre planned inclusion and exclusion criteria. The 10-year PPRD incidence after phacoemulsification was identified as being between 0.36 and 2.9%. This decreases over time to 0.1-0.2% annually but remains above the general population. The PPRD risk is further elevated by (in order of decreasing effect) intraoperative vitreous loss, increasing axial length, younger age, male sex and trainee operating surgeons. The PPRD risk after phacoemulsification is approximately ten times the general population's RRD risk. This risk is modified by the interplay of a hierarchy of risk factors, of which intraoperative vitreous loss, myopia, age and sex have the biggest effect.

Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment in Nonsyndromic High Myopia Associated with Recessive Mutations in LRPAP1

To describe a new form of childhood-onset rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in autosomal recessive high myopia associated with mutations in LRPAP1. Retrospective cohort study. A total of 12 children (24 eyes) with recessive LRPAP1 mutations and associated high myopia. Serial ophthalmological examination and retinal imaging during 4.6±1.9 (mean ± standard deviation) years. Retinal interventions included prophylactic laser and surgical retinal repair. Incidence and recurrence rate of RRD and retinal break formation. Association between LRPAP1 genotypes and RRD characteristics. Some 42% of children (5 children [6 eyes]) developed RRD at the age of 10.43±0.97 years. Four of the children who developed RRD were male (80%), and 1 was female (20%). Visual acuity was significantly reduced in eyes with RRD at presentation and at the most recent visit compared with eyes with no RRD (P < 0.001 for both). Two eyes had inoperable RRD. Four eyes for which primary retinal repair was done had redetachment (100% of operated eyes) due to variable degrees of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Reattachment after surgical repair, which was maintained at least during 6 months of follow-up, was achieved in 3 eyes (75%), with final visual acuities of 20/300 in 2 eyes and 20/400 in 1 eye. This is the first description of a nonsyndromic, high myopia-related, recessive RRD without any signs of vitreoretinal degeneration. Recessive LRPAP1 gene mutations confer a high risk of childhood-onset RRD and PVR. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy in turn increases the risk of recurrent RRD and may lead to blindness. Recognizing the LRPAP1-related high myopia phenotype is important, and early childhood examination with additional close follow-up and prophylactic retinal laser should be considered.

Different Mechanistic Association of Myopia with Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment between Young and Elderly Patients.

Objectives To investigate the mechanism of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in young and elderly Korean patients based on the results of axial length distribution. Subjects/Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 1599 patients with RRD who had bilateral axial length data examined at one center between 2003 and 2018. Axial lengths were measured using ultrasound or IOLMaster500. The frequency of RRD and axial length distribution according to age groups were investigated. Results Patients with RRD displayed a bimodal distribution across ages with two age groups showing the highest peak at 55–59 years and a second peak at 25–29 years of age. The mean axial length was significantly longer in patients younger than 50 years old than that in patients ≥ 50 years old (26.18 ± 1.86 mm vs. 24.55 ± 1.67 mm, respectively, p < 0.001). The percentage of patients with high myopia (axial length ≥ 26 mm) in patients < 50 years old was higher than that in those ≥ 50 years old (51.9% vs. 15.0%, respectively, p < 0.001; odds ratio, 6.11; 95% confidence interval, 4.83 to 7.74). Conclusions We found a difference in the prevalence of myopia between young and elderly patients with RRD, which corresponds to a bimodal distribution of RRD incidence in East Asian countries. Our data indicate that myopia or high myopia-induced early vitreous detachment appears to be a major mechanism of occurrence of RRD in young East Asian patients, while senile vitreous liquefaction and detachment is the main mechanism of RRD in elderly patients.

Epidemiology, Prevalence and Incidence of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is the most common type of retinal detachments and occurs when subretinal fluid accumulates between the neurosensorial retina and retinal pigment epithelium. Although often caused by vitreous liquefaction, cataract extraction, high myopia, inflammation, and trauma are other associated risk factors. In this article, epidemiology, prevalence, and incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment are aimed to describe.

Incidence of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment in Europe – A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Purpose: To examine the prevalence and incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in Europe. Methods: A systematic review of the prevalence and incidence of RRD in Europe according to the meta-analyses of observational studies in epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines was performed using the databases PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science followed by a meta-analysis of incidence data. Results: 658 studies were identified, 76 full-text articles were assessed, and 5 studies were eligible for meta-analysis. Random-effects pooled mean annual incidence of RRD in Europe was 13.3 cases per 100,000 inhabitants (95% CI: 11.3–15.6) based on the examination of 95,765 individuals from the 5 incidence studies. No European studies reporting prevalence of retinal detachment were identified. Conclusion: Published articles on the prevalence and incidence of RRD in Europe are limited. Further epidemiological research is needed for adequate healthcare planning.

Risk of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment in Acute Retinal Necrosis With and Without Prophylactic Intervention

To study whether preventive laser or preventive vitrectomy is able to lower the risk of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in patients with acute retinal necrosis (ARN). A retrospective, interventional case series. We performed a retrospective study of 59 patients (63 eyes) with ARN treated in a single tertiary referral center. We analyzed different groups with either no prophylaxis, prophylactic laser, or prophylactic vitrectomy. Main outcome measure was incidence of RRD. Overall incidence of RRD was 44.4%, including 13% at presentation. In a crude analysis, the risk of RRD was highest in 33 patients with prophylactic laser (45.5%), lower in 15 patients with no prophylaxis (26.7%), and lowest in 7 patients with prophylactic vitrectomy (14.3%). Baseline best-corrected visual acuity differed between these groups, but zone and percentage of involved retina did not. In a multivariable model including prophylactic laser and ARN severity, only zone was predictive of RRD. When correcting for severity of disease, we did not observe a reduction in the risk of RRD by prophylactic laser in eyes with ARN. Therefore, prophylactic laser may be abandoned. The role of prophylactic vitrectomy is still unclear, but deserves further investigation.

The incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in France from 2010 to 2016: seasonal and geographical variations

The incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in France from 2010 to 2016: seasonal and geographical variations

Epidemiolgy of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment in Dubrovnik-Neretva County

Aim: This study is the first examination of the incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in Dubrovnik- Neretva County, Croatia.

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment : Epidemiology and risk factors

The incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in the European population is approximately 10cases per 100,000 inhabitants per year and reaches apeak in the 6th and 7thdecades of life, mostly in atemporal association with posterior vitreous body detachment. Known risk factors include myopia and higher axial length of the eye, male gender, previous trauma and vitreoretinal degeneration or dystrophy. In recent years, an increase in the risk of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment following cataract surgery was also found, especially after capsule rupture and vitreous body loss. In contrast to clear lens extraction (CLE), the refractive intervention of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) does not seem to increase the risk of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Retinal detachment stabilizes during physical protection and posturing but progresses through bodily activity and during interruptions in patients with macula-on retinal detachment.

The Incidence of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment in Kumamoto, Japan between 2009 and 2011

Objective: The annual incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in Kumamoto, Japan was previously evaluated in 1990. However, the incidence has not been evaluated during the last 20 years. The purpose of this study was to estimate the current incidence and epidemiologic characteristics of RRD in Kumamoto, Japan.Methods: The study was based on a retrospective chart review of hospital patients living in Kumamoto, Japan. All patients were treated for primary RRD by conventional surgery (pars plana vitrectomy and/or scleral buckling) at Kumamoto University Hospital or Ideta Eye Hospital between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2011. Information on age, gender, refractive status, and history of cataract surgery was collected.Results: A total of 897 RRD patients were identified during the 3-year study period. The annual incidence of RRD was 16.5 (21.9 in males, 11.7 in females) per 100,000 people, with a peak incidence of 35.4 in the 50-59 years of age group. The incidence of RRD in males was 1.88 times (95% confidence interval, 1.56-2.29) higher than in females (P<0.0001). Prior cataract extraction was found in 14% of RRD eyes. Myopia (≤ −1 diopter [D]) was found in 54%, and high myopia (≤ −6 D) was found in 23%. The mean refraction status was −3.53 ± 3.94 D. The mean refractive status in patients younger than 50 years of age (−6.00 ± 3.33 D) was significantly higher than that in patients 50 years of age or older (−2.23 ± 3.61 D; P<0.001). The incidence of RRD in Kumamoto is expected to increase over the next 20 years in comparison to a previous study investigated in 1990.Conclusion: The annual incidence of RRD was dependent on age, gender, refraction status, and history of cataract surgery. Considering the growing elderly population, we expect that the incidence of RRD will continue to increase in Japan.

Primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment - surgical methods and anatomical outcome.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the anatomical success of surgical management of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and to compare the anatomical outcomes from different surgical techniques. During 2012, 517 consecutive eyes (514 patients) were operated by 11 surgeons at the Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital. Patient records were retrospectively analysed with no exclusions. Main outcome measures were primary and final anatomical success. Primary anatomical success was defined as retinal reattachment 6months after primary surgery with reoperations excluded. Final anatomical success was defined as retinal reattachment 6months after primary surgery with reoperations included. Incidence of RRD was 18.6 eyes per 100000 person-years. The macula was detached in 50.5% of the eyes at baseline. Of 517 operated eyes, 317 (61.3%) underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), 23 (4.5%) pars plana vitrectomy together with a scleral buckle (PPV-SB), 175 (33.9%) scleral buckle (SB) surgery and two (0.4%) pneumatic retinopexy (PR). Primary anatomical success was 89.0% in the PPV group, 87.0% in the PPV-SB group and 85.7% in the SB group. Final anatomical success was 98.1% in the PPV group, 100% in the PPV-SB group and 99.4% in the SB group. Factors which were correlated to the redetachment were detachment of more than 6 clock hours (p=0.003) and visual acuity (VA) on Snellen chart <0.5 (p=0.02) at baseline. This study showed no significant differences in the surgical success rates in the treatment of RRD between pars plana vitrectomy, scleral buckle or the combined procedure of vitrectomy and buckle. Factors which were found to be correlated to the redetachment of the retina were large detachment and low VA.

Retinal detachment in ocular oncology

SummaryRetinal detachment may occur in advanced retinoblastoma or be induced by recent therapy as intra‐arterial chemotherapy.First line intra‐arterial chemotherapy was proposed recently as a new conservative treatment for retinoblastoma patients. It offers good tumor control. Incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment will be detailled as the evolution over time. Treatment options will be discussed, including scleral buckle surgery and surgical outcome.In our recent serie, secondary retinal detachment occurred in 16/30 cases (50%). Scleral buckle surgery with anterior chamber ponction was performed without drainage of sub‐retinal fluid. Retinal reapplication was obtained with scleral buckling in all patients. The early treatment of this complication is important for salvage of the globe and visual function.

Optimizing the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Surgical approaches for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) have evolved rapidly in the past century. This has resulted in an increase in the anatomical success rate from zero per cent in the beginning of the 1900s to now almost 100 per cent. Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is regarded as an acute eye disease that needs immediate treatment. With the increasing number of cataract surgeries and an increased elderly population, the numbers of RRD occurrences are increasing. The aim of this thesis is to create knowledge on how treatment and care of RRD patients can be optimized. In the first paper, data on the incidence of RRD in Denmark are presented based on data from a nation register the National Patient Registry (NPR). It was discovered that the incidence of RRD in Denmark is similar to previous reported numbers and that the incidence has been increasing due to increasing numbers of cataract surgeries and an increased elderly population. Using data from the NPR, we estimated that the risk of a RRD occurring on the fellow eye is 100 times larger than on the first eye and that middle aged men have the highest risk. Having an increase in the incidence of RRD we need to ensure that the patients are also treated in the most optimal way. To ensure this, an indicator is needed to monitor the quality at the different centres. This indicator presented in the second paper is based in the occurrence of redetachment. We define a detachment to be caused by poor surgery if the retina detaches within one year after initial surgery with pneumatic retinopexy, scleral buckling and VTX with gas, and one and a half years after surgery with VTX with oil. Also lack of oil removal within the first year is a failed operation. It is widely accepted that RRD is an acute disease but when should surgery be performed to attain the most optimal result? In the third paper, we evaluated the progression of posterior RRD with an optical coherence tomography to make an objective assessment of the movement. We found that the risk of a macula on RRD progressing to affect the fovea is small if the patient is postured appropriately. We found that the movement of the RRD is dynamic but the detachments will ultimately approach the fovea. Having an opportunity to postpone surgery without risking the outcome for the patient allows a more optimal surgery. The results of this thesis can be used by all health care systems to establish optimal conditions in the treatment of RRD.

Risk factors for choroidal detachment following rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in a chinese population

BackgroudChoroidal detachment (CD) following primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is a special type of RRD. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential risk factors of RRD with CD in a Chinese population.MethodsAll of 201 consecutive RRD with CD patients and 210 RRD without CD patients were enrolled in this case–control retrospective study. The clinical data from these cases were reviewed here. Patients were undergone scleral buckling or encircling or both, or pars plana vitrectomy with or without scleral buckling or encircling or both according the patients’ condition. The incidence of RRD with CD in this Chinese population was measured, and the potential risk factors for the development of RRD with CD were investigated by multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsIn this population, the incidence of RRD with CD was 8.6 %. The incidence of RRD with CD was significantly higher in patients with macular hole (P < 0.05), retinal breaks located posterior to the equator (P < 0.05), and total detachment (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the incidence of RRD with CD was significantly higher in patients with longer axial length (P < 0.05) only when ages, IOP, AL and duration time was set for categorical variables.ConclusionsHypotony, retinal breaks located posteriorly especially macular hole, longer axial length, and the whole retinal detachment might be the potential risk factors for the development of CD in RRD patients.

CLINICAL PRESENTATIONS AND OUTCOMES OF RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT IN RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA.

To describe the clinical presentations and outcomes of rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRD) in eyes with retinitis pigmentosa. A retrospective review of all patients of retinitis pigmentosa with RRD from January 1990 to December 2013 at a tertiary eye care institute. Of total 28,622 patients of retinitis pigmentosa over a 23-year period, 17 eyes of 17 patients had RRD. Mean age at presentation was 34.53 ± 16.42 years (median 32 years). Median duration of decreased vision attributed to RRD was 6 months. Ten eyes (59%) had cataract and 3 eyes (18%) had history of cataract surgery. Thirteen eyes (76%) had inferior retinal detachment; 9 eyes (53%) had lattice with retinal holes; and 8 eyes (47%) had atrophic retinal holes. There were no horse-shoe tears, giant retinal tears, dialysis, and macular holes related RRD. Majority (82%) of retinal breaks were in the inferotemporal quadrant. Only 3 eyes (18%) had proliferative vitreoretinopathy at presentation. Twelve eyes at presentation had best-corrected visual acuity <20/200 and 6 eyes had only light perception. The macula was involved by the detachment in all cases. Mean preoperative visual acuity was 1.4 ± 0.88 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (median 1.3, range 3-0.1; 20/502). Surgery was not advised in 6 eyes (35% patients); 5 eyes (30%) underwent scleral buckling and 6 eyes (35%) underwent vitrectomy. Median follow-up was 5 months. Reattachment rate at last follow-up was 91% (15 eyes). Mean postoperative best-corrected visual acuity recorded was 1.06 ± 0.8 (median 1, range 3-0.1; 20/229) (P = 0.15). Eight eyes at last visit had best-corrected visual acuity <20/200. Of the 11 eyes operated, 4 improved in vision and 7 retained the preoperative vision. The incidence of RRD in retinitis pigmentosa is very low. Presentation, although delayed, is at a younger age. Horse-shoe tears and proliferative vitreoretinopathy are uncommon; cataract is a common coexisting pathology. Surgical reattachment rates appear high and recurrent RRD is uncommon. However, visual gain is limited by the underlying retinal degenerative condition.

Epidemiologic characteristics of retinal detachment surgery at a specialized unit in Denmark.

To examine the incidence of retinal detachments and to evaluate patient profiles and surgical characteristics. Retrospective review of patients operated for primary retinal detachment (RD) and redetachment between 2010 and 2012 at the Department of Ophthalmology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark. We included all RD such as rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD), tractional retinal detachment (TRD) and exudative retinal detachment (ERD). In total, 779 RD surgeries were performed: 83.7% (n=652) primary operations and 16.3% (n=127) reoperation. For primary operation, pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), scleral buckling and combined operations were performed in 95.1% (n=620), 4.6% (n=30) and 0.3% (n=2) respectively. Over time there was less use of silicone oil and greater use of gas tamponade (p=<0.001), less simultaneous cataract operations (p=<0.001), less use of cryotherapy (p=0.045) and more use of peeling procedures (p =<0.001) in primary operations. The annual incidence of surgery for primary RD was 22.0 [95% confidence interval (CI) 20.4-23.8] per 100000 inhabitants aged >15years. Retinal detachment (RD) was more common in males than females (1.8:1), and mean age at presentation was 61.8 years (standard deviations±12.3). The annual incidence for RRD and TRD operation was 20.72 (95% CI 19.11-22.43) and 1.25 (95% CI 0.9-1.7) per 100000 inhabitants >15years. This study presents the first overall incidence for RD in Denmark. The highest incidence of RRD was among males aged 60 to 79years, whereas TRD was among females at same age. Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) was the preferred surgical technique, and during 2012 all RD patients were treated with PPV, independent of lens status and age.

Optimizing the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

Surgical approaches for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) have evolved rapidly in the past century. This has resulted in an increase in the anatomical success rate from zero per cent in the beginning of the 1900s to now almost 100 per cent. Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is regarded as an acute eye disease that needs immediate treatment. With the increasing number of cataract surgeries and an increased elderly population, the numbers of RRD occurrences are increasing. The aim of this thesis is to create knowledge on how treatment and care of RRD patients can be optimized. In the first paper, data on the incidence of RRD in Denmark are presented based on data from a nation register the National Patient Registry (NPR). It was discovered that the incidence of RRD in Denmark is similar to previous reported numbers and that the incidence has been increasing due to increasing numbers of cataract surgeries and an increased elderly population. Using data from the NPR, we estimated that the risk of a RRD occurring on the fellow eye is 100 times larger than on the first eye and that middle aged men have the highest risk. Having an increase in the incidence of RRD we need to ensure that the patients are also treated in the most optimal way. To ensure this, an indicator is needed to monitor the quality at the different centres. This indicator presented in the second paper is based in the occurrence of redetachment. We define a detachment to be caused by poor surgery if the retina detaches within one year after initial surgery with pneumatic retinopexy, scleral buckling and VTX with gas, and one and a half years after surgery with VTX with oil. Also lack of oil removal within the first year is a failed operation. It is widely accepted that RRD is an acute disease but when should surgery be performed to attain the most optimal result? In the third paper, we evaluated the progression of posterior RRD with an optical coherence tomography to make an objective assessment of the movement. We found that the risk of a macula on RRD progressing to affect the fovea is small if the patient is postured appropriately. We found that the movement of the RRD is dynamic but the detachments will ultimately approach the fovea. Having an opportunity to postpone surgery without risking the outcome for the patient allows a more optimal surgery. The results of this thesis can be used by all health care systems to establish optimal conditions in the treatment of RRD.

Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in Taiwan

PurposeTo estimate the incidence and clinical characteristics of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in Taiwan.MethodsThis was a nationwide, population-based retrospective study of patients with RRD. Data from the Taiwan National Health...

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachments associated to Stickler syndrome in a tertiary eye care center in Saudi Arabia.

PurposeTo investigate the clinical findings and outcomes of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in Stickler syndrome on affected and fellow eyes that underwent prophylactic retinopexy.Patients and methodsChart review of 70 eyes (62 patients). Incidence of RRD, postoperative visual acuity, and risk factors were evaluated.ResultsTwenty-two patients (35%) had RRD in the fellow eye, 37% of the eyes had cataract, 93% had macular detachment, 50% had proliferative vitreoretinopathy, and 41% had posterior vitreous detachment. Success rates were: 60% of patients after scleral buckling; 57.1% after pars plana vitrectomy; and 75% after combined scleral buckling and pars plana vitrectomy. Sixty-one (93.8%) of patients had successful surgery (including second surgery). Silicone oil tamponade was significantly associated with final anatomic outcome, with a protective odds ratio of 0.11 (P=0.027). Visual acuity improved in 54% of eyes and decreased in 5%. Statistically significant associations were present for eyes with final visual acuity ≥20/200, and total retinal detachment (P<0.001); preoperative cataract (P=0.023); and proliferative vitreoretinopathy (P<0.001). RRD developed in 16/44 eyes despite laser prophylaxis.ConclusionProphylactic retinopexy was not beneficial for Stickler syndrome patients. Success of primary surgery for RRD remains low. The primary surgery should be vitrectomy combined with scleral buckling and silicone oil tamponade.