Incidence Of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Research Articles

Demographics and Seasonality of Retinal Detachment, Retinal Breaks, and Posterior Vitreous Detachment from the Intelligent Research in Sight Registry.

PurposeTo investigate the incidence, seasonal variation, and differences among age, sex, and race for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair, retinal break (RB) treatment, and posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) in the Intelligent Research in Sight (IRIS) Registry.DesignRetrospective database study.ParticipantsPatients in the IRIS Registry who underwent RRD repair, RB treatment, or cataract surgery (CS) based on Current Procedural Terminology codes and PVD diagnosis based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth and Tenth Revision, codes.MethodsDaily incidence rates were defined as the ratio of patients who underwent RRD repair or RB treatment and patients with a diagnosis of PVD to the total number of patients followed on a given day within the IRIS Registry. The CS group was included as a comparison for seasonal variation. Rates were stratified by decade of life, sex, and race.Main Outcome MeasuresTime series trends for incidence rates of RRD, RB, and PVD.ResultsA total of 7 115 774 patients received a diagnosis of incident PVD, 237 646 patients underwent RRD repair, and 359 022 patients underwent RB treatment. Also included were 5 940 448 patients who underwent CS. The mean daily incidence for RRD repair, RB treatment, PVD diagnosis, and CS were 0.46 per 100 000 patients, 0.70 per 100 000 patients, 13.90 per 100 000 patients, and 11.80 per 100 000 patients, respectively. Men showed higher incidence of RRD repair and RB treatment than women, whereas women showed higher incidence of PVD diagnosis. Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment incidence was higher in White people compared with other races. Seasonal decreases in PVD, RB treatment, RRD repair, and CS corresponded to national holidays, with larger decreases in winter months. Kaplan-Meier estimates showed that RRD repair and RB treatment typically occurred within 60 days of PVD diagnosis.ConclusionsWithin the IRIS Registry, the highest incidence of RRD was in the 6th and 7th decade of life. There was a higher incidence of RRD repair and RB treatment in men compared with women. The seasonal variation associated with national holidays was less pronounced for RRD repair and RB treatment.

Substantial increase in the incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in Western Norway over 20 years.

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and describe characteristics of the RRD population.MethodsRetrospective, observational case series. Data on residents of South Rogaland, Norway, diagnosed with primary RRD in the period 2000–2019 were obtained by medical chart review. Patient demographics and prior intraocular surgery were documented. Incidence rates adjusted to the Norwegian population were calculated for 5‐year periods and stratified by age, sex and lens status.ResultsThe RRD incidence increased from 12.6 per 100 000 person‐years in 2000–2004 to 20.2 in 2015–2019. The RRD incidence increased by 2.9% per year (p < 0.0001) corresponding to an accumulated increase of 77%. Demographic changes accounted for 30% of the increase. The pseudophakic RRD incidence increased yearly by 4.9% (p < 0.0001), over double the rate of the phakic RRD increase of 2.3% (p = 0.0005). In individuals ≥50 years old, the annual RRD incidence increase was 4.5% (p = 0.019) for pseudophakic females, 3.9% (p = 0.001) for pseudophakic males and 2.6% (p = 0.03) for phakic females. Males were younger compared with females when undergoing lens exchange surgery, 58.5 (SD 12.5) versus 62.4 (SD 13.2) years, (p = 0.013) and when diagnosed with pseudophakic RRD, 61.9 (SD 12.5) versus 68.2 (SD 12.9) years, (p < 0.0001). There was no significant increase in subjects under 50 years of age.ConclusionThe RRD incidence increased dramatically over 20 years, of which 30% was attributed to demographic changes. The most pronounced change occurred in pseudophakic RRD, which calls for raised awareness of the individual risk related to lens exchange surgery.

Increasing trend in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in Korea from 2004 to 2015

BackgroundTo determine the 12-year incidence of and trends in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) requiring surgery in Korea.MethodsThis was a nationwide, population-based, retrospective study. We identified 53,179 patients with incident RRD requiring surgery using the Korean National Health Claims Database from 2004 to 2015. We estimated the crude incidence rates and age- and sex-standardized incidence rates per 100,000 person-years in each year during the study period. A joinpoint regression analysis was performed to determine the trend.ResultsThe average annual incidence rate was 9.78 (95% CI: 9.70–9.86). Male patients showed an incidence rate (10.68 [95% CI: 10.57–10.80]) 1.20 times that of female patients (8.87 [95% CI: 8.76–8.98]). The incidence showed a bimodal distribution; the highest peak was in the 60–64 year age group (23.77 [95% CI: 23.18–24.35]) and the second peak was in the 20–24 year age group (7.68 [95% CI: 7.41–7.95]). An increasing trend of RRD incidence was observed in the total population throughout the study period using joinpoint analysis (annual percentage change [APC], 2.05; 95% CI: 0.7–3.4). The increasing trend was more prominent among individuals aged under 50 years (APC, 3.44; 95% CI: 2.3–4.6), while among those aged 50 years or above, the increasing incidence was observed only in male patients.ConclusionsIn Korea, the incidence of RRD has increased recently. People in the < 50 year age group accounted for the major part of this significant increase, which is related to the increasing incidence of myopia in the young generation in Asia.

Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on surgical procedures for retinal detachment in France: a national database study

Background/aimsThe COVID-19 crisis and the decisions made regarding population lockdown may have changed patient care. We aimed to investigate the incidence rate of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) cases during the...

Spontaneous Resolution of a Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment

Abstract A retinal detachment is the term used to describe detachment of the neurosensory retina from the underlying membrane, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Rhegmatogenous detachments are caused by a break in the retina through which fluid passes from the vitreous cavity into the subretinal space. The incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in the general population in Europe is 1 in 10 000 persons per year. Danger is the greatest in the age range from 55 to 70 years. Without treatment, blindness in the affected eye may occur. Individual risks depend on the presence or absence of specific factors including myopia, positive family anamnesis, retina rupture, trauma, ablation in the other eye, ablation in a vitreous body, retina high-risk peripheral de-generations and vitreoretinal degenerations. Majority of the untreated rhegmatogenous retina ablations progress to the subtotal or total retinal detachment and blindness. This paper describes a very rare case of the spontaneous complete reattachment of the sensory retina to the retinal pigment epithelium in a patient with the total rhegmatogenous retinal ablation in the right eye. The female patient, who was 52 years old, was examined by an Ophthalmologist after she had experienced a sudden loss of vision, 2 months before appointment. After a detailed ophthalmological examination, a total rhegmatogenous retinal ablation of the right eye was diagnosed. The best corrected visual acuity, evaluated on a Snellen chart, was 2/60. The patient was referred to a tertiary-level Institution since a surgical intervention of the ablation was needed. Due to technical inabilities in the above-mentioned Institution, the operation was not performed, and despite the recommendation to perform the intervention in another tertiary level Institution, the patient did not have ophthalmological examinations during the following three months. During the next visit, the Ophthalmologist determined that there was a spontaneous retinal fixation on the retinal pigment epithelium and a partial restoration of the visual function of the affected eye which was evaluated at 0.5.

Epidemiologic study of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in Japan from the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database over a 2-year period (2014-2015).

To determine the incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRDs) and proliferative vitreoretinopathies (PVRs) and their distribution by age and sex in hospitalized patients in Japan. Retrospective nationwide observational study. Information on the number of inpatients primarily diagnosed with RRD or PVR and their age and sex were collected from the Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC) database for 2014 and 2015. The incidence was determined using the Japanese population report published by the Public Management Ministry's Statistics Bureau. The incidence of RRD in these hospitalized patients was 10.9/100,000, with 15.0/100,000 in men and 7.1/100,000 in women, and that of PVR was 2.1/100,000, with 2.9/100,000 in men and 1.3/100,000 in women. The incidence in men was twice that in women for both RRD and PVR. The distribution of RRD by age was monophasic, with a peak at 50years for both sexes, and that of PVR was at peak in the 60s for men and in the 70s for women. PVR was more common than RRD in children aged younger than 10years, but the incidence of RRD was higher in the other age groups. A study of the DPC database can provide useful information on the incidences of RRD and PVR in hospitalized patients in Japan.

FEATURES AND OUTCOMES OF EYES THAT UNDERWENT SURGICAL REPAIR OF RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENTS AFTER BEING TREATED FOR ACUTE ENDOPHTHALMITIS.

To evaluate the etiology, clinical course, and outcomes of eyes that suffered postendophthalmitis rhegmatogenous retinal detachments. A retrospective, consecutive case series was conducted of patients managed at Associated Retinal Consultants P.C. from January 2013 to December 2019. Patients were identified as having had endophthalmitis by ICD-9/10 codes. Those with endophthalmitis and/or rhegmatogenous retinal detachment not managed at Associated Retinal Consultants from January were excluded. Charts of 413 patients were reviewed and 19 met inclusion criteria. Incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment following infectious endophthalmitis was 4.6%. The most common inciting events for endophthalmitis was intravitreal injection (9 of 19) and cataract surgery (7 of 19). Fifteen of 19 patients were treated with an injection of intravitreal antibiotics and 4 underwent immediate vitrectomy with antibiotic injection. Biopsy cultures were obtained in 18 of 19 patients and yielded positive growth in 12 (66.7%). Seventeen of the 19 eyes were operable. Final retinal reattachment rate was 88.2% (15 of 17). Mean final logMAR visual acuity was 1.58 (Snellen 20/765). Factors associated with worse final visual acuity after surgical repair included preceding intravitreal injection (P = 0.001), streptococcus species (P = 0.024), presence of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (P = 0.015), and use of silicone oil during primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair (P = 0.010). Rhegmatogenous retinal detachments following endophthalmitis occur infrequently. Although most eyes can be repaired surgically, visual outcomes are often poor, particularly in eyes that were infected with streptococcal species and had associated proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

Intravitreal injection associated rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: outcomes of a European analysis

PurposeAs the number of intravitreal injections (IVI) increases annually, this study aimed to assess the anatomical and functional outcomes following rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) surgery for IVI-associated RRD (IVARD).MethodsAll non-vitrectomized eyes developing IVARD since 2007 in two European vitreoretinal centers (Department of Ophthalmology, LMU Munich, Germany, and Eye Clinic Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy) were included. Main outcomes were primary and secondary retinal attachment rate after surgery, rate of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), and final functional result. Ten years of incidence rates per injection were calculated for one center.ResultsFifty-two eyes of 52 patients comprised the study. Primary anatomic success rate was 83% (n = 43) and secondary 96% (n = 50). PVR was observed in all uveitic eyes (n = 3), in eyes with postoperative cystoid macular edema (n = 2), and in 8 of 9 eyes that received the dexamethasone implant (DEX). Age, number of prior injections, duration of symptoms, or time between last IVI and RRD did not show any statistically significant differences with regard to presence of PVR or not. Mean BCVA improved in 28 cases, remained stable in 16 cases, and worsened in 8 cases. The RRD incidence rate was statistically significant higher for DEX and ocriplasmin compared with that for anti-VEGF agents.ConclusionThe anatomical result after one surgical intervention seems acceptable, but the final visual outcome remains rather poor, because of the underlying macular disease. In our population, injection with DEX is associated with higher IVARD rate, presence and development of PVR, and recurrent RRD in comparison with anti-VEGF agents.

Characteristics and surgical outcomes of rhegmatogenous retinal detachments that develop after intravitreal injections.

To determine the frequency and characteristics of rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRDs) that develop after an intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agent. A retrospective review of the medical charts. The charts of patients who received intravitreal injections for age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic macular edema (DME), retinal vein occlusion (RVO), or myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV) between 2013 and 2020 were reviewed. We included the RRD cases that developed within 90days of the most recent intravitreal injection. The baseline characteristics and surgical outcomes were analyzed. A total of 3040 patients received 28,190 intravitreal injections. Seven eyes of 7 cases developed a RRD. There were 6 cases of AMD and one of DME, with an incidence of one in 4027 injections (0.025%). The retinal break was in the superior quadrants in 5 eyes (71%), and in the inferior quadrants in 2 eyes. All eyes had a posterior vitreous detachment. The average number of injections before the development of RRD was 14.1 (range: 2-39). Four eyes were treated by vitrectomy, and 3 by scleral buckling. The primary success rate was 86%, and the final reattachment rate was 100%. The best-corrected visual acuity was 0.41 ± 0.26 logarithm of minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) units before developing the RRD, 0.78 ± 0.78 logMAR units before the surgery for RRD, and 0.45 ± 0.47 logMAR units at the final visit. The incidence of RRD after an intravitreal injection is very low (0.025%), and it can be reattached with recovery of the visual acuity.

Incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in France from 2010 to 2016: seasonal and geographical variations

AimsTo investigate the annual and monthly hospital incidence rate of rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRDs) from 2010 to 2016 in France at the national and regional levels.MethodsIn this nationwide database study,...

Commentary: Prophylactic laser barrage before laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis.

The debate on prophylactic laser barrage, especially before refractive surgery, continues to divide retina specialists. There are surgeons who believe that every predisposing lesion must be treated, while some are sceptical about the preventive role of laser to the retinal lesions. Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD) is common in myopes in eyes with lattice degeneration and posterior vitreous detachment (PVD).[1] Low myopes (−1.00 to −3.00 D) have a fourfold increased risk of RD over emmetropic patients. This risk increases significantly when the patient’s refractive error exceeds −3.00 D.[2] Lattice degeneration is present in 6–8% of the population and increases the risk of retinal detachment. Myopes, in addition to having peripheral retinal degenerations and lattice, have PVD at a younger age compared to emmetropes. The procedure of laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK) increases the risk of RD due to sudden fluctuation in the intraocular pressure (IOP) during the procedure. The increase in IOP that occurs during suction prior to engaging the microkeratome, and rapid lowering of IOP when the suction ring is decompressed, or the shock wave generated by the excimer laser may lead to PVD resulting in retinal tears.[3] Hence, LASIK patients should undergo an extensive retinal evaluation with prophylactic photocoagulation of lattice degeneration, atrophic holes, and/or flap tears in an attempt to reduce any risk of an RD. The prophylactic treatment of high-risk lesions is believed to prevent RD. Ruiz-Moreno et al. retrospectively studied 1554 consecutive eyes (878 patients) undergoing LASIK and reported a low incidence (0.25%) of RD in their patients after prophylactic barrage laser to lesions predisposing to RD.[4] Several other studies have reported a higher incidence of RD in patients who had undergone prior LASIK than would be predicted from myopia alone.[5] Till date, there have been no prospective studies directly comparing prophylactic treatment versus nontreatment and showing any definite RD risk reduction for asymptomatic retinal lesions in general. In a recent study by Srinivasan et al., of the 694 eyes that had undergone LASIK, 5 eyes (0.7%) developed RD over 7 years.[6] Increased risk of RD was not associated with age at LASIK surgery, gender, laterality and spherical equivalent. While RD was statistically significantly higher in eyes which had prior prophylactic laser photocoagulation, the number of eyes who developed RD was so low that it could not be clinically meaningful, with very wide confidence intervals of the hazard ratio. Only three eyes had lattice degeneration prior to LASIK which were lasered, and one eye with lattice was unlasered. Ideally, a study should compare a substantial number of eyes which had lattice degeneration prior to LASIK and assign them to prophylactic laser or no laser. Hence, it cannot be conclusively proven from this study that prophylactic laser adversely increases the risk of RD after LASIK. Proliferation of the epiretinal membrane (ERM) or macular pucker has been occasionally observed following treatment for a retinal break. However, a direct cause-and-effect relationship of treatment of a retinal break to ERM remains unclear. After laser photocoagulation of the retinal lesions, the adhesive force between the retina and choroid increases over a few days to 2 weeks. Hence, refractive surgery is recommended after at least 7 days following laser photocoagulation. Patients at high risk should also be educated about the symptoms of PVD and retinal detachment as well as about the value of periodic follow-up examinations. Patients should be counselled that the refractive surgery does not reduce the risk of RD, even though the refractive error may be cured after LASIK. In conclusion, all patients should have a thorough dilated indirect ophthalmoscopy with scleral depression prior to refractive surgery. Treatment of any retinal lesion predisposing to the development of RD is mandatory.

Evaluation of ocular manifestations of patients with pathological myopia at a tertiary eye care institute in Western India

Introduction: Pathological myopia (PM) is defined as a refractive error ≥(−6) D or an axial length &gt;26 mm causing complications such as early nuclear sclerosis, zonular dehiscence, macular hole, lacquer cracks, Forster-Fuchs spots, myopic traction maculopathy, macular choroidal neovascularization, and peripheral degenerations predisposing to rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Materials and Methodology: In this cross-sectional observational study, we have studied 106 eyes of 56 patients. After history and examination, axial length was measured using A-scan biometry. Patients having myopic maculopathy underwent optical coherence tomography and fundus fluorescein angiography and were treated appropriately. The data were entered into Microsoft Excel sheet for statistical analysis. Results: Incidence of high myopia was maximum in 21–30 years (36%). Eighteen percent had positive family history, and in 89%, the presentation was bilateral. About 43.39% eyes had refraction value in the range of −6 to −10 D and 70.75% eyes had axial length between 26 and 30 mm. Nearly 39.62% eyes had best-corrected visual acuity in the range of 6/18–6/36. Fifty-two percent eyes had some vitreous degeneration. Myopic choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) was seen in 4.71% eyes. Lattice degeneration was the most common (43.39%) lesion predisposing to RD, majority seen in superotemporal quadrant (63.04%). Incidence of RRD was 6.52% and 15% in eyes with refractive error less than and more than −10 D, respectively. Conclusion: PM can cause irreversible vision loss with its complications such as CNVM and RRD. Awareness among myopic population regarding visual hygiene, safety precautions, risks, and complications involved can detect complications at the earliest helping in retaining useful ocular function.

Long-Term Outcomes of Retinal Detachment in Phakic Eyes After Implantation of Implantable Collamer Lens V4c for High Myopia Correction.

Aim: To estimate whether implantable collamer lens (V4c ICL) implantation increases the risk of retinal detachment in high myopia comparing with myopes with Rigid Gas-Permeable (RGP) correction.Methods: This prospective study was comprised of an ICL group (704 eyes) and an RGP group (628 eyes). Patients were enrolled according to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria, then divided into the ICL group and RGP group. Patients in the ICL and RGP groups received V4c ICL implantation and RGP fitting respectively. Retinal details, spherical equivalent refraction (SE), uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance vision acutivity (CDVA), axis length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and other relevant parameters were recorded at different time points. Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) morbidity and incidence, RRD morphology and relevant parameters were analyzed.Results: All enrolled patients were followed for 3–6 years. Patients characteristics before the refractive procedure did not show a statistical difference. At the end of the follow up, all the RD cases were RRD. The RRD morbidity of the ICL group and RGP group was 1.99% (14 eyes) and 0.96% (6 eyes) respectively, which did not show statistical difference (P = 0.12). During the first year after refractive procedure, the RRD incidence of the ICL group was 0.85% (6/704), while this number of the RGP group was 0.16% (1/628). It did not show statistical difference (P = 0.08).Conclusion: Compared with RGP fitting, V4c ICL implantation for high myopia correction does not add RRD risk in the long term. V4c ICL implantation is a safe method for high myopia correction.

Association of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Incidence With Myopia Prevalence in the Netherlands

The incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is partly determined by its risk factors, such as age, sex, cataract surgery, and myopia. Changes in the prevalence of these risk factors could change RRD incidence in the population. To determine whether the incidence of RRD in the Netherlands has changed over recent years and whether this change is associated with an altered prevalence of RRD risk factors. This cohort study included data from all 14 vitreoretinal clinics in the Netherlands, as well as a large Dutch population-based cohort study. All patients who underwent surgical repair for a primary RRD in the Netherlands from January 1 to December 31, 2009, and January 1 to December 31, 2016, were analyzed, in addition to all participants in the population-based Rotterdam Study who were examined during these years. Analysis began February 2018 and ended November 2019. RRD risk factors, including age, male sex, cataract extraction, and myopia. Age-specific RRD incidence rate in the Dutch population, as well as change in RRD incidence and risk factor prevalence between 2009 and 2016. In 2016, 4447 persons (median [range] age, 61 [3-96] years) underwent surgery for a primary RRD within the Netherlands, resulting in an RRD incidence rate of 26.2 per 100 000 person-years (95% CI, 25.4-27.0). The overall RRD incidence rate had increased by 44% compared with similar data from 2009. The increase was observed in both phakic (1994 in 2009 to 2778 in 2016 [increase, 39%]) and pseudophakic eyes (1004 in 2009 to 1666 in 2016 [increase, 66%]), suggesting that cataract extraction could not solely account for the overall rise. Over the same period, the prevalence of mild, moderate, and severe myopia among persons aged 55 to 75 years had increased by 15.6% (881 of 4561 [19.3%] vs 826 of 3698 [22.3%]), 20.3% (440 of 4561 [9.6%] vs 429 of 3698 [11.6%]), and 26.9% (104 of 4561 [2.3%] vs 107 of 3698 [2.9%]), respectively, within the population-based Rotterdam Study. In this study, an increase was observed in primary RRD incidence in the Netherlands over a 7-year period, which could not be explained by a different age distribution or cataract surgical rate. A simultaneous myopic shift in the Dutch population may be associated, warranting further population-based studies on RRD incidence and myopia prevalence.

Changing clinical patterns of Rhegmatogeneous Retinal Detachments during the COVID19 pandemic lockdown in the North West of the UK.

The UK Government imposed a COVID19 lockdown (LD) restricting all but essential activities from 24th March 2020. Subsequently, there has been a significant reduction in casualty attendances nationwide including for ophthalmic emergencies. We aim to study the presentation of rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRD) and significant vitreous haemorrhage caused by posterior vitreous detachment (PVD-VH) in three tertiary centres covering most of the North West of England in the 6 weeks before and during the lockdown. A retrospective multicenter non-randomised consecutive case series study was designed to collect information on all cases of RRD and PVD-VH requiring surgery presenting to the vitreoretinal departments of Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, East Lancashire NHS Foundation Trust and the Lancashire NHS Foundation Trust from 11th February to 4th May 2020. A total of 137 eyes of 137 patients were identified between the three centres of which 132 eyes were operated for RRD. Of these, 86 (64.7%) were operated pre-LD compared with 46 eyes (34.8%) during LD. Forty-five out of 86 eyes (52.3%) were macula-off pre-LD compared with 31 out of 46 eyes (67.3%) during LD (p = 0.06). There was lower proportion of non-PVD related RRD during LD (11 pre-LD to 1 during LD, p = 0.05). PVR was present in four cases during LD compared to 2 before (p = 0.19). There was a clinically significant reduction in the overall incidence of RRD in our centres with an increase in the proportion of macula-off and proliferative vitreoretinopathy during the LD period compared to a similar period before.

Incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in myopic phakic eyes.

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is a potentially blinding disease, more common in the myopic population. This systematic review aimed to collect the existing literature on the incidence of RRD in myopic phakic eyes. MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched to identify eligible studies published until February 2020. In total 2715 publications were identified, of which only 3 were considered eligible and 2 as eligible with major limitations. Because of substantial differences between the included studies, a pooled analysis was not conducted. Summarizing the results and considering several limitations, an annual RRD incidence per 100 000 of 15 to 34 for mild myopia, 15 to 73 for moderate myopia, 102 to 128 for high myopia, and 287 in very highly myopic eyes was shown. Large well-designed studies are needed, including precise information on the refractive status or axial eye length, lens status, traumatic injuries, and intraocular surgeries during follow-up.

Incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment after bag-in-the-lens IOL implantation: extended follow-up in a larger cohort of patients.

To report the incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and associated risk factors after cataract surgery using the bag-in-the-lens (BIL) intraocular lens (IOL) implantation technique. Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium. Prospective cohort study. All consecutive BIL IOL surgeries performed between January 2001 and December 2010 were included, with the exclusion of combined procedures and IOL exchanges. The incidence of RRD was reported first in the total cohort, then in a subgroup of patients with 1 year to 5 years of follow-up, and finally in the group remaining after exclusion of all risk factors, except gender. Risk factors associated with RRD were examined using multiple Cox regression analysis with a random intercept. Rhegmatogenous RD was diagnosed in 36 eyes (1.06%) of 3385 BIL cases, with a mean follow-up of 48.28 ± 40.05 months (range 0 to 195 months). The 2-year cumulative RRD incidence rate was 0.66% (17 cases in 1024 eyes; 0.00% in patients without risk factors). The 5-year cumulative RRD incidence rate was 1.17% (26 cases in 931 eyes; 0.15% without risk factors). Five risk factors were confirmed: male sex, age less than 60 years at the time of surgery, axial length 25.0 mm or greater, a history of contralateral RD, and intraoperative surgical complications. The incidence of RRD after BIL IOL implantation is comparable with that of lens-in-the-bag (LIB) implantation. This larger study provided a longer follow-up and suggested that RRD incidence is even lower than that previously reported. This study also confirmed intraoperative surgical complications as an additional risk factor for RRD development, as already described with LIB implantation.

Characteristics and Seasonal Variations of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey: 8-Year Results.

Objectives:To assess seasonal variations in the incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in the Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey.Materials and Methods:Patients presenting due to primary RRD to a university hospital operating as a reference clinic in the region between 2011 and 2018 were evaluated retrospectively. Patients’ ages, sex, affected eye, and presentation times were recorded. Years were divided into months, quarters, seasons, and half-year periods, and these periods were analyzed in terms of differences in patient numbers.Results:Two hundred eighty-one eyes of 276 patients meeting the study criteria were included. The patients’ mean age was 60.2 years, and the male:female ratio was 1.35:1. Right and left eye rates were similar. Detachments were most common (49.4%) in the upper temporal quadrant. Eighty-nine patients (31.6%) had undergone uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery a mean 2.7 years previously. The mean annual case number was 35.13±5.43, and no statistically significant variation was determined in case numbers by year (p=0.558). Analysis of all years revealed a monthly mean case number of 23.42±4.4, with the highest number of cases, 29 (10.3%), being seen in September and the lowest number, 13 (4.7%), in December. No statistically significant monthly variation was determined (p=0.613). Similarly, no statistically significant variation was observed in case numbers analyzed by quarter, season, or half-year (p>0.05).Conclusion:The incidence of cases of uncomplicated RRD does not exhibit seasonal variation in our region. We also think that since 31.6% had a history of cataract surgery, patients undergoing phacoemulsification surgery, even if uncomplicated, should be periodically assessed for detachment.

The incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is increasing.

To study the development over time of the age- and sex-standardized incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in Denmark. Registry study, based on the Danish National Patient Registry data. End-point: Individuals undergoing the first surgery for RRD. During 2000-2016 we identified 11769 individuals with a primary RRD surgery in either eye. The age- and sex-standardized incidence rate of RRD increased by more than 50% during the study period. We found a significant increase in this incidence rate for both men and women older than 50years, and in men, but not in women, younger than 50years (p<0.001). However, the increase of primary RRD surgery during the study period was most pronounced in men aged 50years or older, where the rate of increase was 1.7±0.1 cases per 100000 person-years per year (p<10-11 ). The incidence of RRD is increasing, and this increase is primarily driven by men aged 50years or older.

Incidence and management of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment after pars plana vitrectomy and sutureless scleral-fixated intraocular lens.

Purpose:To evaluate the incidence, risk factor(s), and surgical outcomes of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with sutureless scleral-fixated intraocular lens implantation (SFIOL).Methods:Records of patients (1311 eyes, 1234 patients) who underwent PPV and sutureless SFIOL from 2017 to 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:The indications SFIOL were subluxated lens (33.7%), dislocated IOL (21.7%), surgical aphakia (20.1%), congenital lens subluxation (11.1%), nucleus drop (6.9%), and post-open globe injury (OGI) repair (6.5%). History of closed-globe injury (CGI) was present in 27.2% eyes.Twenty-two eyes (1.7%) developed RRD. The incidence of RRD in eyes, which underwent SFIOL surgery for subluxated lens, dislocated IOL, surgical aphakia, congenital lens subluxation, nucleus drop, and post-OGI repair was 1.4% (n = 6), 2.5% (n = 7), 1.1% (n = 3), 3.4% (n = 5), 0 and 1.2% (n = 1), respectively (P = 0.382). The incidence of RRD in eyes with and without CGI was 1.7% each (P = 0.996).Twenty-one eyes underwent RD surgery. Retinal reattachment was achieved in 76.2% eyes, while 66.7% eyes required only one surgery. The eyes in which retina failed to reattach had a high grade of proliferative vitreoretinopathy present at the time of presentation. Final best-corrected visual acuity of ≥20/60 and <20/60 to ≥20/200 and <20/200 was seen in 38.1%, 19.0%, and 42.9% eyes.Conclusion:Eyes with the congenital subluxated lens are at a marginally higher risk of developing post-SFIOL RRD. The surgical outcome of RD surgery in these eyes is good.