Incidence Of Non-communicable Diseases Research Articles

Consumption and perceptions associated with Nutri-Cereals: Major, minor, and pseudo millets—A study of urban households in Delhi, India

Worldwide, millets, also known as nutri-cereals are regarded as nutritionally rich grains, but they are less explored. Millet grains have nutrient-dense properties and immense health benefits to offer. The emphasis on nutri-cereals is particularly relevant in the case of urban population due to changing dietary patterns and rising incidence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disorders. The millet-based foods can play a crucial role in providing health benefits to urban communities facing such health challenges. To understand the consumption pattern and associated factors in the urban context, a cross-sectional study was conducted covering 574 middle-income households in different localities of Delhi, India. It was found that consumption of nutri-cereals was substantially lower, except for pearl millet and buckwheat. Most nutri-cereals, including finger millet, foxtail millet, proso millet, barnyard millet, kodo millet, little millet, amaranth, and sorghum, had a consumption rate below 50% (ever consumed), indicating their limited inclusion in household diets. The two prominent factors associated with household millet consumption include the health benefits and cultural significance of these nutri-cereals, as well as the practice of cooking and serving them at home, along with other health considerations.

Effectiveness of Pacemaker Care Protocol on Knowledge and Skill Regarding Care of Client Undergoing Pacemaker Implantation Among Nurses

Non Communicable Diseases (NCDs) also known as chronic diseases, which includes cardiovascular diseases (like heart attacks and stroke), cancers, chronic respiratory diseases (such as chronic obstructed pulmonary disease and asthma) and diabetes. NCDs result in rapid deaths as seen in certain diseases like autoimmune diseases, heart diseases, stroke, cancers, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease, cataracts, and others. Cardiovascular diseases are one of the major incidence of non-communicable diseases and leading causes of deaths in India. The heart is endowed with a specialized system for generating rhythmic electrical impulses and for conducting these impulses rapidly throughout the heart to cause contraction of the heart muscle. When this system functions normally, the atria contract about one-sixth of a second ahead of the ventricles. This orderly electrical activity must precede contraction to provide adequate cardiac output for perfusion of all body organs and tissues. Aim and objective: To assess the effectiveness of pacemaker care protocol on knowledge and skill regarding care of client undergoing pacemaker implantation among nurses at selected hospital. Methodology: A quasi-experimental non equivalent control group design was chosen to conduct the study among 60 Nurses, who were selected using purposive sampling technique. Immediately after pretest assessment, intervention was given in experimental group and hospital routine was carried out in control group. After seven days post test was collected in both the groups. The comparison of post test level of knowledge between experimental and control group revealed that t of 12.002, was statistically significant at p<0.001level.The comparison of the post test level of skill, revealed t value of 9.577, which was highly statistically significant at p< 0.001level.

Development of novel data-driven Irish diets and associations with socio-economic profiles and health

Abstract Dietary patterns play a significant role in body mass index (BMI) and development of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), which are the leading cause of mortality worldwide, including Ireland, where 90% of all-cause mortality derives from NCDs. A cross-sectional survey was conducted across Ireland to collate respondents’ socio-economic profiles, health status, and dietary patterns with a representative sample size of 957 adult respondents. Principal component analysis (PCA) and statistical analyses were employed. To the author's knowledge, this is the first study to use recent (2021) nationally representative data to characterise dietary patterns in Ireland via dimensionality reduction. Five distinct dietary patterns (‘meat focused’, ‘dairy/ovo focused’, ‘vegetable focused’, ‘seafood focused’ and ‘potato focused’) were identified and statistically characterised. The ‘potato focused’ group exhibited the highest mean BMI (26.88 kg/m2), while the ‘vegetable focused’ group had the lowest (24.68 kg/m2). ‘Vegetable focused’ respondents were more likely to be associated with a categorically “normal” BMI (OR = 1.90, 95% CI [1.39, 2.60]) and urban residency (OR = 2.03, 95% CI [1.39, 2.96]). Conversely, ‘meat focused’ respondents were more likely to be obese (OR = 1.46, 95% CI [1.06, 2.00]) and rural (OR = 1.72, 95% CI [1.28, 2.31]), along with respondents attributed to the ‘potato focused’ group (OR = 2.15 [1.42, 3.26]). ‘Seafood focused’ respondents were more likely to report coronary heart disease (OR = 5.4, 95% CI [1.96, 15.01]) and more likely to have followed the current diet for <1 year (OR = 2.2, 95% CI [1.22, 3.96]). Results show that data-derived dietary patterns may better predict health outcomes than self-reported dietary patterns. BMI and NCD incidence rates may be reduced by shifting from heavy meat/dairy/egg/potato consumption (i.e., “traditional” Irish diet) to a contemporary North-Atlantic/Hibernian/Eireann/Irish diet focusing on vegetables, seafood and lower meat consumption. Key messages • Five distinct dietary patterns (‘meat focused’, ‘dairy/ovo focused’, ‘vegetable focused’, ‘seafood focused’, and ‘potato focused’) were identified in Ireland via PCA and statistically characterised. • BMI and NCD incidence rates may be reduced by shifting from heavy meat/dairy/egg/potato consumption (i.e., “traditional” Irish diet) to a diet focusing on vegetables, seafood, and less meat.

Sahel terrorist crisis and development priorities: case of financial allocations for the control of non-communicable diseases in Burkina Faso.

In Africa, nearly 46% of all mortality will be attributed to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) by 2030. While the cost of inaction far exceeds the cost of action against NCDs, global funding for the prevention and control of NCDs is minimal. The objective of this was to explore the Ministry of Health budget allocations for NCDs from 2010 to 2020 as well as the effect of the terrorism crisis on these allocations. The methodology was based on the budget tracking tool developed by the Scaling Up Nutrition Movement. Twenty-nine budget lines related to the prevention and/or control of NCDs have been identified. About 29.9 million USD were allocated to the fight against NCDs with an absorption rate of more than 98%.There is an upward trend of allocated budget characterized by an exponential increase from the development of the national integrated strategic plan for the fight against NCDs (2016-2020). In 2017, an increase of 184% compared to 2016 was observed. However, the efforts were challenged by the emergence of the terrorist threat which triggered in January 2016, leading to a drastic reduction in allocations for NCDs in favor likely of defense and security priorities as well as addressing the needs of internally displaced persons. A trend analysis suggests that the NCDs budget significantly decrease as the country global terrorist index increase. Further analysis is needed to better understand the implication on NCD incidence, and identify advocacy opportunities for mitigating the negative impact of the terrorist treat on NCDs and other development issues.

General and abdominal obesity trends in the Iranian adult population from 2004 to 2021.

The prevalence of overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity is increasing worldwide, accompanied by an increase in the incidence of non-communicable diseases. This study aims to determine the trends of Body Mass Index (BMI) and prevalence of overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity changes in Iranian adult population from 2004 to 2021. We conducted this study based on the eight national surveys of noncommunicable disease risk factor surveillance (STEPS) from 2004 to 2021 in Iran. We estimated the crude and standardized mean of BMI and prevalence of general and abdominal obesity in these eight STEPS surveys data. Data weighted using post-stratification method and the trends depicted based on the standardized estimates. Between 2004 and 2021, and based on the standardized estimates, the mean of BMI increased from 25.19kg/m2 in 2004 to 26.63kg/m2 in 2021 (P-value for trend = 0.03). The standardized mean of WC increased from 86.38cm in 2004 to 91.65cm in 2021 (P-value for trend = 0.38). The standardized prevalence of obesity (class I and II) increased from 14.54% in 2004 to 20.17% in 2021 (P-value for trend = 0.01). The standardized prevalence of obesity class III increased from 0.82% in 2004 to 1.35% in 2021 (P-value for trend = 0.03). The standardized prevalence of abdominal obesity based on the national and international cut-points increased, but the trend was not statistically significant [(National cut-point: 27.53% in 2004 to 40.43% in 2021 (P-value for trend = 0.71)) (International cut-point: 27.58% in 2004 to 41.81% in 2021 (P-value for trend = 0.06))]. The standardized mean of BMI and prevalence of overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity increased among Iranian adults between 2004 and 2021. Because of the negative public and clinical health implications of obesity, health policymakers should develop comprehensive programs to control this increasing trend of weight gain.

Exploring health promotion efforts for non-communicable disease prevention and control in Ghana.

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are a growing public health challenge in Ghana. Health promotion can provide useful avenues to reduce the incidence of NCDs in the country. We used the Ottawa Framework to assess health promotion efforts for the prevention and control of NCDs in Ghana. Data were collected using key informant interviews and documentary sources. A content analysis approach was adopted for data analysis using Nvivo 11 Software. We found a strong policy framework for NCD prevention in Ghana with the ratification of several international protocols and resolutions and the development of national and specific NCD-related policies. Implementation of these policies, however, remains achallenge due to limited resources and the overconcentration on communicable diseases. Attempts have been made to create a supportive environment through increased access to NCD services but there are serious challenges. Respondents believe the current environment does not support healthy eating and promotes unhealthy use of alcohol. The Community-based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) program engenders community participation in health but has been affected by inadequate resources. Personal skills and education programs on NCDs are erratic and confined to a few municipalities. We also found that NCD services in Ghana continue to be clinical and less preventative. These findings have far-reaching implications for practice and require health planners in Ghana to pay equal attention in terms of budgetary allocations and other resources to both NCDs and communicable diseases.

Optimizing sustainable, affordable and healthy diets and estimating the impact of plant-based substitutes to milk and meat: A case study in Spain

The global food system is failing to appropriately nourish the population and has been identified as a driving force for environmental degradation. Changing current diets to healthier and more sustainable ones is key to decrease the incidence of non-communicable diseases and force changes at the production stage that will release environmental pressure. The determination of such diets is a challenge since it should be context specific, culturally acceptable, affordable, nutritionally adequate, and environmentally friendly. Through multiobjective optimization we aimed to determine a sustainable and healthy diet(SHD) in Spain with the minimum cost and environmental impact (assessed through GHGe, land use and blue-water use) that deviate the least from current consumption. Additionally, this research also compares the optimised diet with the Spanish food-based dietary guidelines(FBDG), and explores the potential benefits of reducing animal meat and milk while replacing them with plant-based alternatives. Compared to current consumption, a SHD in Spain can be more nutritious and reduce cost, GHGe, land and blue-water use by 32%, 46%, 27%, and 41%, respectively. The Spanish intake displayed the worst nutritional assessment and the highest values for GHGe and land use. The Spanish FBDG showed the highest cost and blue-water usage. Further analysis revealed that plant-based meat alternatives are not necessary to achieve a nutritionally adequate diet at the minimum cost and environmental impact. Shifting to fortified plant-based milk alternatives may add additional environmental benefits. This work emphasizes the potentiality of using optimization to determine a SHD and identifies important gaps to be fulfilled in future research.

Improving Adherence to Taking Medication through Family Support for Hypertensive Elderly in the District Area of the Patient

Age isa period of human growth that is prone to various health problems such as hypertension. Hypertension is also the highest incidence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) compared to other NCDs, which is 76.5% in Central Java Province. Uncontrolled hypertension can lead to more serious health problems. Management of hypertension requires the elderly to take medication regularly. Elderly compliance is the key to success in controlling blood pressure. Family involvement in treatment certainly has a positive impact on the success of treatment therapy. Objective: to determine the relationship between family support and medication adherence in hypertensive elderly in Pati Regency. Research Method: A type of correlational descriptive quantitative research with a cross sectional approach. The population is all hypertensive elderly in Pati Regency and the number of samples is 44 elderly according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Seniors who received good category family support tended to be more compliant with taking medication. The results of statistical tests using the Chi Square test obtained a p value of 0.002 (<0.05). Conclusion: There is a relationship between family support and medication adherence in hypertensive elderly in Pati Regency.

Prevalence in Ghanaian health workers

Introduction. Medical institutions in Ghana are in most cases located in adapted buildings that have an unsatisfactory sanitary and technical condition. The government and the administration of institutions fail to pay due attention to the health and safety of medical worker. There is a high level of their morbidity, rehabilitation, preventive measures nor been developed neither implemented. This formed the basis for our study.
 Materials and methods. The collection of information using a specially designed questionnaire was carried out in online mode. The objects of the study were medical workers, their working conditions, medical institutions in Ghana. A total of seven hundred eighty six employees took part in the survey. Staff responses were analyzed using SPSS to conduct the study.
 Results. were the In workers of medical institutions in Ghana, leading infectious diseases were malaria, hepatitis B, and tuberculosis, non-infectious morbidity was associated with diseases of the circulatory system. The peak of infectious diseases among medical workers was recorded in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Over the same year, due to limited screening diagnostics, the lowest incidence of non-communicable diseases was noted. Habits such as smoking (6.9%) and excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages (35.8%) are common among healthcare workers in Ghana, which are a high risk of developing non-communicable diseases (smoking – p < 0.001, excessive drinking – p < 0.001 ).
 Discussion. According to the results of our research, the level of morbidity of medical personnel in medical institutions in Ghana was found to be high. This correlates with data reflecting the situation in Russian healthcare. However, the structure of the causes of temporary disability of the personnel of medical institutions in the two countries differs. The infectious morbidity of medical workers in Ghana has its own characteristics: high rates are noted for HIV infection, parenteral viral hepatitis, tuberculosis, and malaria. Infectious diseases were the leading cause of death for healthcare workers in 2019–2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic, both in Ghana and elsewhere. We found that the unified guidelines for labour protection in medical institutions in Ghana have not been developed and are not applied, which significantly distinguishes them from Russian ones.
 Research limitations. The lack of methods and techniques, equipment, regulations governing the conduct and assessment of working conditions, a system for registering and investigating cases of occupational diseases in Ghana has become a limitation of scientific research. 
 Conclusion. In order to save the lives of patients, manage acceptable working conditions for medical personnel, ensure the efficiency and sustainability of the healthcare system in Ghana, it is recommended to develop and implement a comprehensive, unambiguous occupational health and safety policy, including for healthcare workers.

Grain γ-oryzanol and its constituent compounds show high genetic variability, diversity and significant site x genotype interactions in rice

Among the dietary antioxidants that counteract oxidative stress to avert the incidence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), g-oryzanol, a unique antioxidant in rice shows potential health benefits. Although rice germplasm exhibits significant variation for g-oryzanol content, much less is studied on the influence of environment (E) and genotype-environment interaction (GEI) on the g-oryzanol content in rice bran. Evaluated under three sites, in a combined analysis of variance, a set of 18 genotypes showed significant effect of environment, genotype, and GEI on the g-oryzanol and its constituent compounds. A large proportion of total phenotypic variance was found due to genotype, indicating high heritability of the trait. GEI is the second major contributor to the phenotypic variance of g-oryzanol and its components, while the contribution of environment was found to be the least. CSR 23 was the superior genotype for g-oryzanol content and stability based on AMMI, GGE biplot and WAASB stability models analyzed. Besides CSR 23, genotypes such as DHMAS-70G-164-29, Chittimutyalu and HUR-200-57-1 were identified as stable and high g-oryzanol producing lines. These superior, stable lines can be used as potential donors for improving g-oryzanol content in rice. The present study assumes importance as the first report of GEI for total g-oryzanol and its five components.

A Feasible Approach to Developing Fiber-Enriched Bread Using Pomegranate Peel Powder: Assessing Its Nutritional Composition and Glycemic Index.

The consumption of dietary fiber (DF) has been associated with a reduced incidence of non-communicable diseases. Despite various strategies implemented worldwide to increase DF intake, it remains low. Therefore, the development of new fiber-rich food products that are widely consumed could be a strategy to improve DF intake. In this study, an agro-industrial by-product, pomegranate peel powder (PPP), was used as an innovative source of DF and antioxidant. The objective was to develop a bread enriched with DF, antioxidants, and sensory characteristics by partially replacing wheat flour (WF) with PPP at levels of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%. Bread with 2.5% and 5% PPP was chosen for a clinical trial to evaluate glycemic response (GR) in healthy subjects and determine the bread's glycemic index (GI). As the percentage of PPP increased, both the DF and total polyphenol content increased significantly. The highest overall acceptability was achieved with bread containing up to 5% PPP. Consumption of bread with 2.5% and 5.0% PPP significantly reduced the GI compared to the control bread, while the decrease in GR was not significant. PPP could be a potential food and low-cost ingredient to improve the bread's nutritional quality through its contribution to DF and antioxidants.

Combatting NCDs using Plant-based Proteins and Animal-Waste Products

Combatting NCDs using Plant-based Proteins and Animal-Waste Products Professor Apichart Vanavichit, PhD, a Rice Genomic Breeding Expert at the Rice Science Center, walks us through high-quality crop-based and ovo-based protein hydrolysates to combat the increasing incidence of non-communicable diseases in Thailand, specifically among its ageing population, which is now a significant public health concern. This situation may be associated with reducing protein intake among ageing people. Research from the Rice Science Center reveals that for older adults, consuming high-protein beans and animal meats can be challenging to chew, digest and absorb. Low protein diets have been a leading cause of muscle loss and weakness among older people. Looking at crop-based high-quality proteins and turning wasteful eggs into high-quality proteins, the researchers find that redesigning high-protein diets is sensible for the well-being of an ageing society, especially in Thailand.

A comprehensive examination ofthe economic impact ofout-of-pocket health expenditures inIndia.

More than 50% of health expenditure is financed through out-of-pocket payments in India, imposing a colossal financial burden on households. Amidst the rising incidence of non-communicable diseases, injuries, and an unfinished agenda of infectious diseases, this study examines comprehensively the economic impact of out-of-pocket health expenditure (OOPE) across 17 disease categories in India. Data from the latest round of the National Sample Survey (2017-18), titled 'Household Social Consumption: Health', were employed. Outcomes, namely, catastrophic health expenditure (CHE), poverty headcount ratio, distressed financing, foregone care, and loss of household earnings, were estimated. Results showed that 49% of households that sought hospitalization and/or outpatient care experienced CHE and 15% of households fell below the poverty line due to OOPE. Notably, outpatient care was more burdensome (CHE: 47.8% and impoverishment: 15.0%) than hospitalization (CHE: 43.1% and impoverishment: 10.7%). Nearly 16% of households used distressed sources to finance hospitalization-related OOPE. Cancer, genitourinary disorders, psychiatric and neurological disorders, obstetric conditions, and injuries imposed a substantial economic burden on households. OOPE and associated financial burden were higher among households where members sought care in private healthcare facilities compared with those treated in public facilities across most disease categories. The high burden of OOPE necessitates the need to increase health insurance uptake and consider outpatient services under the purview of health insurance. Concerted efforts to strengthen the public health sector, improved regulation of private healthcare providers, and prioritizing health promotion and disease prevention strategies are crucial to augment financial risk protection.

Multimorbidity clusters and associated health care cost among patients attending psychiatric clinics in Odisha, India.

There is a dearth of data on common multimorbidity clusters and the healthcare costs for individuals with mental health disorders. This study aimed to identify clinically meaningful physical-mental multimorbidity clusters, frequently occurring clusters of conditions, and healthcare utilization patterns and expenditure among patients attending a psychiatric outpatient clinic. Data were collected in the psychiatric outpatient department among patients aged 18 years and above in February-July 2019 (n = 500); follow-up data on non-communicable disease incidence were collected after 18 months. For analysis, morbidity clusters were defined using two approaches: 1) agglomerative hierarchical clustering method to identify clusters of diseases; and 2) non-hierarchical cluster k mean analysis to identify clusters of patients. Self-reported healthcare costs in these clusters were also calculated. Two disease clusters were identified: using the 1st approach were; 1) hypertension, diabetes, and mood disorder; 2) Neurotic, stress-related, and somatoform disorders, and acid peptic disease. Three clusters of patients identified using the 2nd approach were identified: 1) those with mood disorders and cardiometabolic, musculoskeletal, and thyroid diseases; 2) those with neurotic, substance use, and organic mental disorders, cancer, and epilepsy; and 3) those with Schizophrenia. Patients in Cluster 1 were taking more than six medicines and had more hospital visits. Within 18 months, 41 participants developed either one or two chronic conditions, most commonly diabetes, hypertension, or thyroid disease. Cardiometabolic diseases are most commonly clustered with mood disorders. There is a need for blood pressure and sugar measurement in psychiatric clinics and mood disorder screening in cardiac, endocrinology, and primary care clinics.

TRAINING FOR HEALTH CADRES IN CONTROLLING RISK FACTORS FOR NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AS AN EFFORT TO REALIZE A HEALTHY PRODUCTIVE AGE

The significant increase in the incidence of Non-Communicable Diseases and progressive diseases makes the burden increase for the community and the government, as a result, the handling of the disease takes a long time, and the cost of treatment is large, causing individuals to become unproductive or less productive and the highest cause of death. Non-communicable diseases can be prevented by controlling risk factors. This service activity has the aim of increasing the knowledge and skills of health cadres in controlling non-communicable disease risk factors in an effort to realize a healthy productive age. Community service activities are carried out in the area of RW 05, Wonokromo Village, Surabaya City. The method of carrying out activities uses a participatory approach by way of lectures, discussions, brainstorming, and direct demonstrations to increase the knowledge of cadres in non-pharmacological therapy in the prevention of PTM. This activity was held in June-July 2022 and was attended by 15 cadres. The results of the evaluation of the training activities obtained an increase in knowledge and skills as indicated by the pretest results of 60% increasing to 80% posttest results and an increase in good cracks where cadres can check blood pressure, temperature measurement, height measurement, weight measurement, abdominal circumference, check blood sugar, uric acid, and check cholesterol independently and in accordance with standard operating procedures and most of the cadres are able to provide counseling to residents, so that it is hoped that this will reduce the incidence of non-communicable diseases and maintain the health status of residents in their target areas.

Sweetened Processed Beverage Policy as A Fulfillment of Human Rights Obligations

Health is a fundamental human right, the highest standard not only curative and rehabilitative but also promotive and preventive. The production and consumption of sweetened beverages in Indonesia is increasing. This coincides with an increase in obesity. Obesity is a disease and is one of the risk factors for the incidence of non-communicable diseases, so prevention is necessary. Prevention and control of obesity through a human rights approach will clarify the obligations of the state and the community to raise awareness of the right to health. The purpose of this study is to analyze the policies on sweetened beverages related to human rights of health. The method of this study is normative legal research methods and an analytical approach using secondary data. The sweetened drinks policy is not only about the rules against manufacturers but pays more attention to the impact on health. Some countries have implemented policies through excise to limit sugar consumption. Prevention and control of obesity through a human rights approach will clarify the obligations of the state and the community to raise awareness of the right to health. Inter-ministerial policies, agencies, and national commissions are needed to issue integrated recommendations and guidelines so that the highest standards of health care can be achieved.

Navigating the challenges of neuro-oncology in Africa: addressing diagnostic and treatment barriers in the region: a correspondence

Navigating the challenges of neuro-oncology in Africa: addressing diagnostic and treatment barriers in the region: a correspondence

A review on etiopathogenesis of Santarpana and Apatarpana Janya Vyadhi

Santarpana and Apatarpana are the two types of effects in the body by the regular exposure to Brimhana and Langhana Ahara, Viharas respectively. In present scenario incidence of non-communicable diseases are increasing and are the risk factors for many systemic illnesses and mortality. A detailed understanding of non-communicable diseases is need of the hour. Those Dravyas which are predominant of Prithvi and Ap Mahabhoota will cause Brimhana and Dravyas which are predominant of Agni, Vayu and Akasha will cause Langhana. Santarpana Nidanas will vitiates predominantly Agni, Kapha and Meda leading for Santarpanotha Vikaras. From contemporary understanding these can be studied under over nutritive disorders. On the other hand, improper or excessive exposure to Apatarpana Ahara and Vihara leads to the vitiation of Vata and leads to increased Rookshata in Rasa Dhatu leading to Utharothara Dhatu Kshaya and manifesting the Apatarpana Janya Vikaras. These can be studied as nutritional deficiency disorders. Here an attempt is made to study the Santarpana and Apatarpana Nidana, Samprapti and Vikaras in detail.

Factors contributing to the new coronavirus infection, increased risk of complications and death from it in the armed forces of the Russian Federation

Based on the assessment of factors that contribute to a new coronavirus infection, the risk of complications, mortality, and lethality from it in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation were analyzed. A detailed timeline of the development of the coronavirus pandemic in the Russian Federation has been demonstrated, showing indicators of peak and overall morbidity and mortality and prevailing strains of a new coronavirus infection, depending on the waves of the pandemic. The study evaluated the features of the course of a new coronavirus infection in the Eurasian region using data from the international register Analysis of the dynamics of comorbid diseases in patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome-2 coronavirus. Modern ideas about the main pathogenetic mechanisms of involvement of the circulatory system, which underlie the development of a severe course, mortality, and lethal outcomes, are outlined. The study also presented the concept of metabolic and hemodynamic insufficiency, which justifies the inability of the desynchronized circulatory system and systems of vascular homeostasis and hemostasis to restore the previous level of functioning after a new coronavirus infection. The possibilities of carrying out differentiated anti-epidemiological measures, including the use of information technologies, aimed at reducing the spread of a new coronavirus infection, were evaluated. The mortality and mortality from a new coronavirus infection in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, including the effect of a new coronavirus infection on an increase in the incidence of non-communicable diseases in military personnel of different age groups, were presented. The study also considered issues of the need to introduce a rehabilitation strategy to correct conditions that occur after a new coronavirus infection, reduce the risk of subsequent mortality and lethality, and reduce it in the long term.

Personalized diet intervention in Thai ageing populations

Personalized diet intervention in Thai ageing populations Professor Apichart Vanavichit a Rice Genomic Breeding Expert at the Rice Science Center looks at diet intervention and therapy for the ageing population of Thailand to prevent disease. Thailand has rapidly become an ageing society, and the average age of the Thais will be 30 years older compared to 1975. As the elderly population increases, it is anticipated that there will be more incidences of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as obesity (OB), diabetes (T2D), and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Notably, the prevalence of T2D has increased rapidly from 6.5% in 2015 to 10.7% in 2030 (estimated), with the most significant increase will be found among the elderly population (72%). In developing countries, NCD has become the most immense burden among the poor elderly whose life depends on their children. There are strong links between consuming high glycemic index foods, a sedentary lifestyle, and NCDs. So, developing lower glycemic index meals and changing lifestyles with diet intervention programmes are sensible solutions to slow down the prevalence of future NCDs.