Incidence Of Low Birth Weight Research Articles

Comparison of video based learning and lecture based learning in last year medical faculty students

Cats are the main host of Toxoplasma gondii and pregnant women who own cats at home may be at risk. This condition may cause anxiety and stress in pregnant women. The aim of this study is to evaluate toxoplasmosis risk on anxiety and perception of cat owner pregnant women. The study group consisted of 59 pregnant women feeding cats in the home and 369 pregnant women not feeding cats. A Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI-18) was used to measure the anxiety of all participants. Age and anxiety variables were analyzed using a two-sample independent t-test. Gravida, education, and job status were analyzed using chi-square tests, and live to abort ratio & pregnancy number were analyzed using Fisher exact test. Measurement of the anxiety level between the two groups showed that anxiety is significantly higher among the pregnant women who feed cats in their house with an average of 32.03±8.72. The average anxiety level among the pregnant women who don't have cats in their house was 25.94±8.99. The difference between the Health Anxiety Inventory of the two groups was significant (p= 0.0001) It was shown in the literature that pets can reduce anxiety but not studied in pregnant women, yet. Our results showed that pregnant women who own cats at home had more environmental anxiety than women who don’t feed cats at home which is possibly associated with fear of Toxoplasma gondii transmission. This anxiety may also cause unfavorable pregnancy outcomes like eclampsia, preterm birth, low birth weight and high incidence of cesarean delivery.

The cognitive development from childhood to adolescence of low birthweight children born after medically assisted reproduction-a UK longitudinal cohort study.

BackgroundPrevious research has documented that children conceived through medically assisted reproduction (MAR) are at increased risk of poor birth outcomes, such as low birthweight (LBW), which are risk factors for stunted longer-term cognitive development. However, parents who undergo MAR to conceive have, on average, advantaged socioeconomic backgrounds which could compensate for the negative effects of being born LBW. Previous studies have not analysed whether the negative effects of LBW are attenuated among MAR conceived children.MethodsWe draw on the UK Millennium Cohort Study (sweeps 1–6) which contains a sub-sample of (N = 396) MAR-conceived children. The dependent variable measures cognitive ability at around ages 3, 5, 7, 11 and 14. We examine the cognitive development of four groups of children: MAR-conceived low birthweight (MAR LBW); MAR-conceived non-low birthweight (MAR NLBW); naturally conceived low birthweight (NC LBW); naturally conceived non-low birthweight (NC NLBW). We estimate the two following linear regression models for each sweep: (i) a baseline model to examine the unadjusted association between cognitive development and low birthweight by mode of conception; and (ii) a model adjusted by socio-demographic family characteristics.ResultsIn baseline models, MAR LBW children [age 3: β = 0.021, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.198, 0.241; age 5: β = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.009, 0.418; age 7: β = 0.163, 95% CI: -0.148, 0.474; age 11: β = 0.003, 95% CI: -0.318, 0.325; age 14: β = 0.156, 95% CI: -0.205, 0.517], on average perform similarly in cognitive ability relative to NC NLBW at all ages, and display higher cognitive scores than NC LBW children until age 7. When we account for family characteristics, differences are largely attenuated and become close to zero at age 14.ConclusionsDespite the higher incidence of LBW among MAR compared with NC children, they do not seem to experience any disadvantage in their cognitive development compared with naturally conceived children. This finding is likely explained by the fact that, on average, MAR children are born to socioeconomically advantaged parents.

The cognitive development from childhood to adolescence of low birthweight children born after medically assisted reproduction-a UK longitudinal cohort study.

BackgroundPrevious research has documented that children conceived through medically assisted reproduction (MAR) are at increased risk of poor birth outcomes, such as low birthweight (LBW), which are risk factors for stunted longer-term cognitive development. However, parents who undergo MAR to conceive have, on average, advantaged socioeconomic backgrounds which could compensate for the negative effects of being born LBW. Previous studies have not analysed whether the negative effects of LBW are attenuated among MAR conceived children.MethodsWe draw on the UK Millennium Cohort Study (sweeps 1–6) which contains a sub-sample of (N = 396) MAR-conceived children. The dependent variable measures cognitive ability at around ages 3, 5, 7, 11 and 14. We examine the cognitive development of four groups of children: MAR-conceived low birthweight (MAR LBW); MAR-conceived non-low birthweight (MAR NLBW); naturally conceived low birthweight (NC LBW); naturally conceived non-low birthweight (NC NLBW). We estimate the two following linear regression models for each sweep: (i) a baseline model to examine the unadjusted association between cognitive development and low birthweight by mode of conception; and (ii) a model adjusted by socio-demographic family characteristics.ResultsIn baseline models, MAR LBW children [age 3: β = 0.021, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.198, 0.241; age 5: β = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.009, 0.418; age 7: β = 0.163, 95% CI: -0.148, 0.474; age 11: β = 0.003, 95% CI: -0.318, 0.325; age 14: β = 0.156, 95% CI: -0.205, 0.517], on average perform similarly in cognitive ability relative to NC NLBW at all ages, and display higher cognitive scores than NC LBW children until age 7. When we account for family characteristics, differences are largely attenuated and become close to zero at age 14.ConclusionsDespite the higher incidence of LBW among MAR compared with NC children, they do not seem to experience any disadvantage in their cognitive development compared with naturally conceived children. This finding is likely explained by the fact that, on average, MAR children are born to socioeconomically advantaged parents.

Maternal Urinary Tract Infection: Is It Associated With Neonatal Urinary Tract Infection?

Objective: Maternal urinary tract infection is associated with intrauterine growth restriction, preterm delivery and low birth weight. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether maternal urinary tract infection is related to neonatal urinary tract infection. Materials and methods: The present prospective study included 230 singleton neonates. The participants were divided into two groups based on in utero exposure to maternal urinary tract infections. The study group (exposure to maternal urinary tract infection) included 115 neonates and the control group (without exposure to maternal urinary tract infection) included 115 healthy neonates. Physical examination, urinalysis, urine culture and urinary system ultrasonography were carried out for all neonates. Results: There were 153 deliveries by cesarean section and 77 vaginal births. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of gender distribution, maternal age, birth weight, mode of delivery, gravida and gestational age. Although the difference was not significant, the incidence of low birth weight and preterm delivery were higher in the study group in comparison to that in the control group. There was a statistically significant higher rate of neonatal urinary tract infection in the study group compared with control group (25.2% vs. 7.8%, p<0.001). The most commonly discovered pathogens were Escherichia coli, followed by Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., and Serratia spp. in the study group. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the presence of maternal urinary tract infection may contribute to increased urinary tract infection frequency in the neonatal period. Neonates at risk for a urinary tract infection should be regularly monitored due to nonspecific clinical presentation.

Obstetric outcomes in pregnancies resulting from in vitro fertilization are not different in fertile, sterilized women compared to infertile women: A Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology database analysis

To compare obstetric and neonatal outcomes resulting from assisted reproductive technology in couples with a history of female sterilization to couples with other infertility diagnoses. Retrospective cohort study. Not applicable. Fresh, nondonor cycles excluding gestational surrogacy from 2004 to 2013 in the United States. None. Preterm birth rates and low birth weight rates from invitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancies in couples with infertility and in couples with prior tubal ligation as their sole indication for IVF. The mean ages of fertile women (N = 8,478) and infertile women (N = 371,488) were 35.3 and 34.6 years, respectively. Of the singletons born to parous women (N = 26,463), the incidence of preterm birth was not significantly different in fertile, sterilized couples compared to infertile couples (13.7% vs. 12.0%). The incidence of low birth weight among term singletons was also not significantly different between fertile couples compared to infertile couples (3.5% vs. 3.2%). Fertile couples have similar preterm birth and low birth weight rates after IVF compared to infertile couples. This suggests that differences in perinatal outcomes may be due to assisted reproductive technology procedures rather than infertility itself.

Effectiveness of antenatal screening of asymptomatic bacteriuria in reduction of prematurity and low birth weight: Evaluating a point-of-care rapid test in a pragmatic randomized controlled study.

BackgroundPremature babies suffer higher mortality and life-long disabilities. Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is postulated to induce preterm labor. Routine antenatal screening for ASB using urine culture is not feasible in most developing countries due to long turn-around time, user-unfriendliness, and lack of resources. The current parallel-group superiority pragmatic randomized controlled trial evaluated the effect of screening and evidence-based treatment of ASB using an optical-sensor-based point-of-care rapid-test on the incidence of preterm birth and low birthweight (LBW).Methods240 consenting asymptomatic pregnant women visiting an Indian tertiary public hospital for first antenatal check-up, irrespective of trimester/gravida, who had not consumed antibiotics in the preceding week, were enrolled from February-May 2017. Computer-generated concealed simple randomization allocation sequence was used to assign participants to intervention (120) and control arm (120). Usual hospital-care was provided in the control arm. In the intervention arm, urine samples were additionally screened for ASB using the rapid-test and the positive women were prescribed susceptible antibiotics. Blinded outcome assessors followed up with women post-delivery. The study was registered with the Clinical Trials Registry-India (CTRI/2016/09/007240).Findings213 participants were analyzed (intervention: 103, control: 110). 21 women were found positive for ASB and prescribed pathogen-specific antibiotics. The incidence of preterm birth/LBW in intervention arm (n = 27) was lower than control arm (n = 45) by 14·7% (95% CI: 2·2–27·2); RR: 0.64, (95% CI: 0·43–0·95); p = 0·023, X2=5·13.InterpretationRapid-test-guided treatment for ASB reduced the incidence of preterm birth/LBW in a pragmatic setting without any adverse event.FundingDepartment of Biotechnology, Government of India.

Preterm Birth and Low Birth Weight in Extramarital Birth in Korea: 2015-2018 Years

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the risk of preterm birth (PTB) and low birth weight (LBW) in babies born to unmarried parents (extramarital birth). Methods: This study used birth certificate data (1,523,594 births) from Korea Statistics, 2015-2018 years. Odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by logistic regression analyses to describe the risk of PTB and LBW in extramarital birth adjusted for maternal age, maternal education, infantile sex, and type of birth (singleton &amp; multiple birth). Results: During this periods, the rate of extramarital birth was 1.9 percent in 2015-2018. The incidence of LBW was 8.4 percent in extramarital birth and 5.9 percent in marital birth. The rate of PTB in extramarital birth were 10.6 percent and 7.3 percent in marital birth. The LBW and PTB rate of extramarital birth (father listed on the birth certificate) was 7.4 percent and 9.1 percent, respectively. Among extramarital birth (father not listed on the birth certificate) was associated with increased risk of PTB (12.3%) and LBW (9.5%). Compared with LBW and PTB rate of marital birth, the odds ratio (OR) for LBW and PTB were 1.66 (95% confidence interval, 95% CI: 1.56-1.77) and 1.57 (95% CI: 1.49-1.67) for extramarital birth (father listed). Risk of LBW (OR: 2.14) and PTB (OR: 2.14) was higher in extramarital birth (father not listed) than that of marital birth. Conclusions: The babies born to unmarried parents was associated with increased risk of LBW and PTB, compared with those of marital birth. Risk of adversed pregnancy outcome was higher in extramarital birth (father not listed on the birth certificate). More study is required to understand the factors to adversed pregnancy outcome of extramarital status.

Perinatal outcome and possible vertical transmission of coronavirus disease 2019: experience from North India.

BackgroundThe consequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 on mother and fetus remain unknown due to a lack of robust evidence from prospective studies.PurposeThis study evaluated the effect of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on neonatal outcomes and the scope of vertical transmission.MethodsThis ambispective observational study enrolled pregnant women with COVID-19 in North India from April 1 to August 31, 2020 to evaluate neonatal outcomes and the risk of vertical transmission.ResultsA total of 44 neonates born to 41 COVID-19–positive mothers were evaluated. Among them, 28 patients (68.3%) (2 sets of twins) were delivered within 7 days of testing positive for COVID-19, 23 patients (56%) (2 sets of twins) were delivered by cesarean section; 13 newborns (29.5%) had low birth weight; 7 (15.9%) were preterm; and 6 (13.6%) required neonatal intensive care unit admission, reflecting an increased incidence of cesarean delivery and low birth weight but zero neonatal mortality. Samples of cord blood, placental membrane, vaginal fluid, amniotic fluid, peritoneal fluid (in case of cesarean section), and breast milk for COVID-19 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction tested negative in 22 prospective delivery cases. Nasopharyngeal swabs of 2 newborns tested positive for COVID-19: one at 24 hours and the other on day 4 of life. In the former case, biological samples were not collected as the mother was asymptomatic and her COVID-19 report was available postdelivery; hence, the source of infection remained inconclusive. In the latter case, all samples tested negative, ruling out the possibility of vertical transmission. All neonates remained asymptomatic on follow-up. ConclusionCOVID-19 does not have direct adverse effects on the fetus per se. The possibility of vertical transmission is almost negligible, although results from larger trials are required to confirm our findings.

Risk of intellectual disability and maternal history of spontaneous abortion: a nationwide cohort study.

To investigate the association between a maternal history of spontaneous abortion and intellectual disability in children. This cohort study included 1778786 children (913 340 males, 865 085 females, 361 missing data; mean age 15y 2mo, SD 8y 11mo, range birth to 40y) born in Denmark between 1977 and 2016. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) of intellectual disability. The overall HR of intellectual disability for children with a maternal history of spontaneous abortion was 1.17 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12-1.22) and the risk for multiple spontaneous abortions (HR=1.30, 95% CI 1.20-1.40) was higher than for a single spontaneous abortion (HR=1.13, 95% CI 1.07-1.18). When only cases of inpatient intellectual disability were included, the estimates increased slightly: the overall HR was 1.22 (95% CI 1.12-1.32), the HR for multiple spontaneous abortions was 1.37 (95% CI 1.20-1.58), and the HR for a single spontaneous abortion was 1.17 (95% CI 1.07-1.28). The risks were similar regardless of whether spontaneous abortion occurred before or after the index delivery. Estimates were nearly unchanged after adjusting for preterm birth, low birthweight, or Apgar score. Children born to mothers with spontaneous abortion, especially multiple spontaneous abortions, may be at a higher risk of intellectual disability in later life, regardless of whether spontaneous abortion occurred before or after the index delivery. The findings have clinical implications for targeted early intervention of children with intellectual disability. What this paper adds A maternal history of spontaneous abortion was associated with a risk of intellectual disability in offspring. The risk was higher in children whose mothers previously had multiple spontaneous abortions. Similar risks were observed regardless of whether spontaneous abortion occurred before or after childbirth.

Fetal cardiac function at 35-37 weeks' gestation in pregnancies that subsequently develop pre-eclampsia.

To compare fetal cardiac morphology and function between pregnancies that subsequently developed pre-eclampsia (PE) and those that remained normotensive. This was a prospective observational study in 1574 pregnancies at 35-37 weeks' gestation, including 76 that subsequently developed PE. We carried out comprehensive assessment of fetal cardiac morphology and function including novel imaging modalities, such as speckle-tracking echocardiography, and measured uterine artery pulsatility index, mean arterial pressure (MAP), serum placental growth factor (PlGF), soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and cerebroplacental ratio (CPR). The findings in the group that subsequently developed PE were compared to those in pregnancies that remained normotensive. In fetuses of mothers who subsequently developed PE, compared to those from normotensive pregnancies, there was a more globular right ventricle, as shown by reduced right ventricular sphericity index, reduced right ventricular systolic contractility, as shown by reduced global longitudinal strain, and reduced left ventricular diastolic function, as shown by increased E/A ratio. On multivariable regression analysis, these indices demonstrated an association with PE, independent of maternal characteristics and fetal size. In pregnancies that subsequently developed PE, compared to those that remained normotensive, MAP, sFlt-1 and the incidence of low birth weight were higher, whereas serum PlGF, CPR and the interval between assessment and delivery were lower. These findings demonstrate that, in pregnancies that develop PE, there is evidence of impaired placentation, reflected in low PlGF and reduced birth weight, placental ischemia, evidenced by increased sFlt-1 which becomes apparent in the interval of 2-4 weeks preceding the clinical onset of PE, and consequent fetal hypoxia-induced redistribution in the fetal circulation, reflected in the low CPR. Although the etiology of the observed fetal cardiac changes in pregnancies that subsequently develop PE remains unclear, it is possible that the reduction in right-heart systolic function is the consequence of high afterload due to increased placental resistance, whilst the early left ventricular diastolic changes could be due to fetal hypoxia-induced redistribution in the fetal circulation. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Trends of proximate low birth weight and associations among children under-five years of age: Evidence from the 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey data.

Low birth weight puts a newborn at increased risk of death and illness, and limits their productivity in the adulthood period later. The incidence of low birth weight has been selected as an important indicator for monitoring major health goals by the World Summit for Children. The 2014 World Health Organization estimation of child death indicated that 4.53% of total deaths in Ethiopia were due to low birth weight. The aim of this study was to assess trends of proximate low birth weight and associations of low birth weight with potential determinants from 2011 to 2016. This study used the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data (EDHS) as data sources. According to the 2016 EDHS data, all the regions were stratified into urban and rural areas. The variable "size of child" measured according to the report of mothers before two weeks of the EDHS takes placed. The study sample refined from EDHS data and used for this further analysis were 7919 children. A logistic regression model was used to assess the association of proximate low birth weight and potential determinates of proximate low birth weight. But, the data were tested to model fitness and were fitted to Hosmer-Lemeshow-goodness of fit. The prevalence of proximate low birth weight in Ethiopia was 26.9% (2132), (95%CI = 25.4, 27.9). Of the prevalence of child size in year from 2011 to 2016, 17.1% was very small, and 9.8% was small. In the final multivariate logistic regression model, region (AOR = xx), (955%CI = xx), Afar (AOR = 2.44), (95%CI = 1.82, 3.27), Somalia (AOR = 0.73), (95%CI = 0.55, 0.97), Benishangul-Gumz (AOR = 0.48), (95%CI = 0.35, 0.67), SNNPR (AOR = 0.67), (95%CI = 0.48, 0.93), religion, Protestant (AOR = 0.76), (95%CI = 0.60, 0.95), residence, rural (AOR = 1.39), (95%CI = 1.07, 1.81), child sex, female (AOR = 1.43), (95%CI = 1.29, 1.59), birth type, multiple birth during first parity (AOR = 2.18), (95%CI = 1.41, 3.37), multiple birth during second parity (AOR = 2.92), (95%CI = 1.86, 4.58), preparedness for birth, wanted latter child (AOR = 1.26), (95%CI = 1.09, 1.47), fast and rapid breathing (AOR = 1.22), (95%CI = 1.02, 1.45), maternal education, unable to read and write (AOR = 1.46), (95%CI = 1.56, 2.17), and maternal age, 15-19 years old (AOR = 1.86), (95%CI = 1.19, 2.92) associated with proximate low birth weight. The proximate LBW prevalence as indicated by small child size is high. Region, religion, residence, birth type, preparedness for birth, fast and rapid breathing, maternal education, and maternal age were associated with proximate low birth weight. Health institutions should mitigating measures on low birth weight with a special emphasis on factors identified in this study.

Maternal Educational Status as One of the Risk Factors Affecting the Incidence of Infants with Low Birth Weight in Dr. M. Soewandhie General Hospital Surabaya

Introduction: Infants with low birth weight (LBW) was one of the main indicators of the cause of high infant mortality rates (IMR). The causes of IMR and maternal mortality rate (MMR) were determined by factors in maternal condition before and during pregnancy. In 2015, LBW in Surabaya reached 2.58%, namely a number of 1,261 of 48,783 born babies weighed. This study was performed by analyzing the effect of educational status as a risk factor affecting LBW in Dr. M. Soewandhie General Hospital Surabaya. Methods: This study used case control method with a retrospective approach using patient medical records as secondary data. The sample population were mothers who gave birth to infants with birth weight of 1,500 – 4,000 g in Dr. M. Soewandhie General Hospital Surabaya. The number of samples consisted of 80 patients with case and control ratio of 1:1. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Data collection techniques used variable data collection sheets taken from secondary data, namely medical records. Data analysis was performed by Chi-Square and Odds Ratio (OR) statistical tests. Results: Based on Chi-Square test, there was a relationship between educational status (p = 0.034) with the incidence of LBW. The results of this study indicated that the educational status of mothers that graduated from elementary school – senior high school was at risk of 9,750 times in delivering LBW. Conclusion: Educational status was the risk factor that had a correlation with LBW.

Serum Ferritin Concentration in the Early Third Trimester of Pregnancy and Risk of Preterm Birth and Low Birth Weight Based on Gestational Age

Objective: Although serum ferritin is considered the best measure of total body iron, with low levels indicating iron deficiency, recent studies have shown that high levels are associated with gestational diabetes, premature birth, and low birth weight. This study aimed to analyze the association between serum ferritin levels in the third trimester of pregnancy and low birth weight and preterm birth.Methods: This study included pregnant women who delivered a single fetus at Kangwon National University Hospital between January 2009 and December 2013 and in whom serum ferritin levels were measured between 28 and 34 weeks of gestation. The association between serum ferritin levels measured in the early third trimester of pregnancy and preterm birth and low birth weight infants was analyzed.Results: A total of 1,079 women fulfilled the study criteria and had their serum ferritin level measured during the third trimester (28–33.9 weeks of gestation) and later delivered at Kangwon National University Hospital. Comparison of the group with serum ferritin levels above the 75th percentile and those below the 25th percentile at the beginning of the third trimester revealed that the incidence of preterm births (&lt;34 weeks of gestation, &lt;37 weeks of gestation) and low birth weight were significantly higher in the group with serum ferritin levels above the 75th percentile than those below the 25th percentile (p&lt;0.05). When variable factors were controlled through multiple regression analysis, the group whose serum ferritin levels were above the 75th percentile at 30–31.9 weeks of gestation had the highest risk of preterm birth before 34 weeks of gestation (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 7.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.32–29.9) and low birth weight (adjusted OR, 6.49; 95% CI, 2.10–20.0).Conclusion: In this study, when serum ferritin was high in the third trimester of pregnancy, it was significantly increased with preterm birth (&lt;34 and 37 weeks) and low birth weight. In particular, when serum ferritin levels were high at 30–31.9 weeks of gestation, the risk of premature birth before 34 weeks and low birth weight was statistically highest.

Impact of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia on low birthweight and small-for-gestational-age infants in China: A large prospective cohort study.

Studies have shown that maternal blood pressure level is associated with neonatal birthweight, but the results are not exactly consistent. As the most common hypertensive disorders during pregnancy, the mechanism of gestational hypertension and pre‐eclampsia that affect fetal growth remain unclear. Our objective was to examine the association of gestational hypertension and pre‐eclampsia with the risk of low birthweight (LBW) and small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA). Data were obtained from the China–US Collaborative Project for Neural Tube Defects Prevention, a large population‐based cohort study. We selected participants who were registered in two southern provinces, had exact information on gestational blood pressure and pregnancy outcomes, and were not affected by chronic hypertension. Logistic regression was used to adjust for the effects of the main potential confounders, including age, body mass index, education, occupation, ethnicity, folic acid use, and parity. The overall incidences of LBW and SGA were 2.25% and 5.86%, respectively. The incidences of LBW/SGA were 3.58%/7.58% and 6.02%/10.67% for gestational hypertension and pre‐eclampsia group, relative to 2.11%/5.68% and 2.16%/5.74% for normal group. The adjusted odds ratios associated with gestational hypertension/pre‐eclampsia were 1.77 (95% CI: 1.63, 1.92)/3.01 (95% CI: 2.67, 3.40) for LBW and 1.40 (95% CI: 1.32, 1.48)/2.02 (95% CI: 1.84, 2.22) for SGA, respectively. The early onset of gestational hypertension/pre‐eclampsia appeared to be a relatively more detrimental exposure window for both LBW and SGA. Our results support an association between gestational hypertension or pre‐eclampsia and the increased risk of LBW and SGA.

Determinants of Low Birth Weight in India: An Investigation from a Single Hospital Survey in Madhya Pradesh

Background: Birth weight is one of the most important criteria for determining the neonatal and infant survival. Low birth weight (LBW) is a major public health concern, especially in developing countries, and is frequently related to child morbidity and mortality. LBW is a major public health concern and one of the strongest single risk factors for early neonatal mortality and morbidity. Materials and Methods: About 1000 live newborns on the 1st day of birth and their mothers were studied from the department of obstetrics and gynecology and intensive neonatal care, department of pediatrics of a tertiary care teaching hospital between January 2016 and December 2019. Examinations of mother and newborns were carefully carried out in all cases recorded on a pretested and predesigned pro forma. Results: Mothers weighing &lt;45 kg delivered significantly higher number of LBW babies than normal birth babies. This is statistically very highly significant. It appears that mothers with mid-arm circumference (MAC) 22 cm or less had given birth to much higher number of LBW babies (74.8%), while mothers with MAC &gt;26 cm gave birth to higher number of LBW babies than normal BW babies. This is very highly significant (P &lt; 0.001). Mothers who had taken iron plus folic acid tablets only for few days in any of the trimesters had given birth to higher number of LBW babies while mothers who have taken hematinics throughout pregnancy or taken irregularly had given birth to most of normal birth weight babies. The incidence of LBW was almost 2 ½ times more in joint family (72.6%) than nuclear family. Mothers with moderate to severe anemia have given birth to higher number of LBW babies. Mothers with Hb &gt;10 g% gave birth to higher number of normal BW babies. Conclusion: LBW and premature babies were more prevalent in joint families, with low socioeconomic status, maternal illiteracy, and housewives. With increase in income, both LBW and prematurity decreased reflecting a better distribution of nutrition and care for pregnant and the newborn. Mothers educated till primary school and unskilled workers had higher prevalence of LBW babies.

Determinan Kejadian Berat Bayi Lahir Rendah

Background: Riskesdas (2018), shows that the proportion of LBW in Indonesia is 6.2% and has not yet reached the 2019 National target (6.9%). The number of LBW in Serang District Health Office (DHO) during 2018 reached 662 cases, and babies with LBW ranks first among the causes of infant death in Serang District, as many 84 cases (35%) of babies died due to LBW. Jawilan Public Health Centre ranks first (7%) and then Petir Public Health Centre as many 6% in the LBW incidence rate in Serang District. Objective: This study aims to determine the factors associated with the incidence of Low Birth Weight (LBW).Method: This study uses a case control design. The study was conducted in March to June 2019 with a sample of 142 people consisting of 71 case samples and 71 control samples. Case samples in this study were mothers who gave birth to babies with birth weights less than 2500 mg (2.5 kg) and control samples were mothers who gave birth to babies of normal weight.Results and Discussion: The results showed that 22.5% of ANC frequencies were not good, 33.8% of upper arm circumference/LILA were not good, 41.5% of pregnancy distances were at risk and 18.3% were preeclampsia. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between ANC frequency and size of LILA with LBW (pv = 0.003, pv = 0.008), there was no relationship between pregnancy distance, preeclampsia with LBW (pv = 0.089, pv = 0.129).Conclusion: there was no correlation between pregnancy distance, preeclampsia with LBW. Key word: ANC frequency; Low Birth Weight; Size of LILA

The Correlation Between Preeclampsia and the Incidence of Low Birth Weight (LBW) in Rsu PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul

MMR and IMR in the world as well as in Indonesia are still a serious problem because this figure is an indicator of national health. The common cause of infant and neonatal mortality in Bantul Regency is low birth weight (LBW). One of the factors causing LBW is maternal disease factors that are directly related to pregnancy. One of them is preeclampsia. The purpose of this study was to determine the Correlation between Preeclampsia and the Incidence of Low Birth Weight Infants (LBW) at PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul Hospital in 2019. The design of this study used the correlation analytical method with a case control approach. The sampling method in this study used total sampling technique with the total sample size of the study were 174 newborns. The data collection technique used secondary data by collecting baby medical record data and maternal medical record data. The analysis technique used the chi square test. Babies who experienced LBW were as many as 87 (50%), did not experience LBW as many as 87 (50%), those who had preeclampsia were 45 (25.9%), did not experience preeclampsia as many as 129 (74.1%). The results of the study based on the chi square test showed that there was no correlation between preeclampsia and the incidence of low birth weight (LBW) with p = 0.863 and an odds ratio of 0.942. The conclusion is that there is no correlation between preeclampsia and the incidence of low birth weight babies (LBW), the p value is 0.863&gt; 0.05. It is suggested that further analysis of other maternal factors on the incidence of low birth weight in PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul Hospital.

Evaluation of maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnancy with high BMI.

Maternal obesity is a significant risk factor for unfavourable outcomes during pregnancy. However, the extent of this relationship is poorly defined in Irish mothers. This study was to compare maternal and perinatal outcomes between obese and non-obese mothers in an Irish population. A retrospective comparative study was conducted in a secondary level maternity unit for births recorded between January 2018 and January 2019 and 2,793 women were included. BMI calculated at booking visit was used to compare obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and non-obese mothers (BMI < 30 kg/m2). Of 2,793 women included in this study, 2111 had a BMI < 30 kg/m2 and 682 had a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. Obese women were less likely to experience spontaneous onset of labour (33.4% vs. 48.1%, p < 0.001) and more likely to be induced (37.2% vs. 31.0%, p = 0.002). Obesity was associated with a statistically significant increase in stillbirth, fetal macrosomia and emergency caesarean birth rates, whereas operative vaginal deliveries were significantly decreased. Miscarriage, shoulder dystocia, post-partum haemorrhage and spontaneous vaginal deliveries were reduced while elective caesarean birth and low birth weight incidence were increased in obese mothers; however, these results were not statistically significant. This study highlights the magnitude of obstetric risks that are associated with maternal obesity within Irish population. Implementation of effective intervention strategies to reduce the number of obese women in pregnancy may have beneficial effects on pregnancy outcomes in Ireland.

Maternal Factors Affecting the Incidence of Low Birth Weight (LBW) in Indonesia

Maternal Factors Affecting the Incidence of Low Birth Weight (LBW) in Indonesia

Maternal Factors Associated with Low Birth Weight in Kashmar, Iran

Background & aim: Low birth weight is one of the most important reasons for neonatal mortality. Increased rate of low birth weight over the past five years in Kashmar has highlighted the importance of controlling and preventing this condition to reduce its incidence. This study was conducted to measure the frequency of some maternal factors affecting the incidence of neonatal low birth weight. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on all mothers who gave birth to neonates weighing less than 2,500g from 2015 to 2016 in Kashmar (n=327). To collect the data a self-structured and valid and reliable questionnaire using closed-ended interview questions was employed. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 11) using descriptive and analytical statistics. Results: Based on the results, neonatal weight had a relationship with maternal factors including history of hypertension, preeclampsia, infertility, the use of assisted reproductive techniques, and self-medication (p <0.05). Moreover, the family income had a significant relationship with neonatal weight gain (P=0.01). Conclusion: It is recommended to adopt some measures to reduce the rate of low-birth-weight. Among such measures paying attention to the lower-income groups, providing pregnancy care packages, maternal training for not self-medicating, and devoting more concern to disease preventive behaviors, such as proper control of blood pressure during pregnancy is suggested.