Incidence Of Illness Research Articles

Antimicrobial resistance in food-associated Escherichia coli in Mexico and Latin America.

The World Health Organization (WHO) considers antimicrobial resistance to be one of the critical global public health priorities to address. Escherichia coli is a commensal bacterium of the gut microbiota in humans and animals; however, some strains cause infections and are resistant to antibiotics. One of the most common ways of acquiring pathogenic E. coli strains is through food. This review analyzes multidrug-resistant E. coli isolated from food, emphasizing Latin America and Mexico, and the mobile genetic elements (MGEs) responsible for spreading antibiotic resistance determinants among bacteria in different environments and hosts. We conducted a systematic search of the literature published from 2015 to 2022 in open access databases and electronic repositories. The prevalence of 11 E. coli pathotypes was described, with diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes being the most frequently associated with foodborne illness in different Latin American countries, highlighting the presence of different antibiotic resistance genes mostly carried by IncF-type plasmids or class 1 integrons. Although the global incidence of foodborne illness is high, there have been few studies in Mexico and Latin America, which highlights the need to generate updated epidemiological data from the "One Health" approach, which allows monitoring of the multidrug-resistance phenomenon in E. coli from a common perspective in the interaction of human, veterinary, and environmental health.

Dietary Salt Can Be Crucial for Food-Induced Vascular Inflammation.

Salt enhances the taste as well as the nutritional value of food. Besides, several reports are available on the incidence and epidemiology of various illnesses in relation to salt intake. Excessive salt consumption has been found to be linked with high blood pressure, renal disease, and other cardiovascular disorders due to the result of vascular inflammation. Nevertheless, studies aimed at elucidating the molecular processes that produce vascular inflammation have yet to reach their conclusions. This article emphasizes the significance of investigating the mechanisms underlying both acute and chronic vascular inflammation induced by salt. It also explores the logical inferences behind cellular oxidative stress and the role of endothelial dysfunction as the potential initiator of the inflammatory segments that remain poorly understood. It is therefore hypothesized that salt is one of the causes of chronic vascular inflammation such as atherosclerosis. The hypothesis's secrets, when revealed, can help assure cardiovascular health by proactive efforts and the development of appropriate preventative measures, in combination with medication, dietary and lifestyle adjustments.

Identification of common genes and pathways between type 2 diabetes and COVID-19.

Numerous studies have reported a high incidence and risk of severe illness due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). COVID-19 patients may experience elevated or decreased blood sugar levels and may even develop diabetes. However, the molecular mechanisms linking these two diseases remain unclear. This study aimed to identify the common genes and pathways between T2DM and COVID-19. Two public datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (GSE95849 and GSE164805) were analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in blood between people with and without T2DM and COVID-19. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed on the common DEGs. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to identify common genes, and their diagnostic performance was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Validation was performed on the GSE213313 and GSE15932 datasets. A gene co-expression network was constructed using the GeneMANIA database to explore interactions among core DEGs and their co-expressed genes. Finally, a microRNA (miRNA)-transcription factor (TF)-messenger RNA (mRNA) regulatory network was constructed based on the common feature genes. In the GSE95849 and GSE164805 datasets, 81 upregulated genes and 140 downregulated genes were identified. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that these DEGs were closely related to the negative regulation of phosphate metabolic processes, the positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division, T-cell co-stimulation, and lymphocyte co-stimulation. Four upregulated common genes (DHX15, USP14, COPS3, TYK2) and one downregulated common feature gene (RIOK2) were identified and showed good diagnostic accuracy for T2DM and COVID-19. The AUC values of DHX15, USP14, COPS3, TYK2, and RIOK2 in T2DM diagnosis were 0.931, 0.917, 0.986, 0.903, and 0.917, respectively. In COVID-19 diagnosis, the AUC values were 0.960, 0.860, 1.0, 0.9, and 0.90, respectively. Validation in the GSE213313 and GSE15932 datasets confirmed these results. The miRNA-TF-mRNA regulatory network showed that TYH2 was targeted by PITX1, PITX2, CRX, NFYA, SREBF1, RELB, NR1L2, and CEBP, whereas miR-124-3p regulates THK2, RIOK2, and USP14. We identified five common feature genes (DHX15, USP14, COPS3, TYK2, and RIOK2) and their co-regulatory pathways between T2DM and COVID-19, which may provide new insights for further molecular mechanism studies.

Assessment of Depression among IBD patients in Gastroenterology and Hepatology Specialized Hospital, Medical City, Iraq using the PHQ-9

Background: The management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) must take mental health into account because it might be difficult to find the best therapies and mental health resources. Anxiety and depression are the two psychological illnesses that IBD patients experience most frequently. The growing incidence of these mental illnesses encourages mental screening of every IBD patient at the initial session. There are easy-to-use, scientifically effective screening techniques for mental health issues. As important as or even more so than a therapy modality may be psychological techniques. Objective: To assess the level of depression among IBD patients in the Gastroenterology and Hepatology Specialized Hospital, Medical City, Ministry of Health and Environment. Patients and methods: The patients were provided with the three-page Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) as a self-administrated tool to learn more about their health. When completed, the doctor scans the completed questionnaire, verifies the "yes" responses, and then applies the diagnostic algorithms, which are briefly listed at the bottom of each page. This study was conducted on 98 patients with IBD attending the Gastroenterology and Hepatology Specialized Hospital, Medical City, Baghdad during the period from January – June 2022. Results: Of the total number of cases included in the study 47 (47.9%) were females and 51 (52.1%) were males. The highest frequency was for young adults, 48 cases (49%), and the lowest was for children, 9 (9.2%). There were 43 cases with Ulcerative Colitis and 55 with Crohn's disease. According to the PHQ-9 score, 26 cases (26.5%) had mild scores and 9 (9.2%) cases had severe scores. The highest frequency of PHQ-9 scores was in the moderately severe range with 44 (44.9%). Conclusion: Mild and moderate levels of depression were the most prevalent among IBD patients across all age and sex groups, which should encourage physicians to address the mental health status of their patients and to include mental health care in the routine checkup of their patients. Received: Feb,, 2023 Accepted: Oct, 2023 Published: Jan.2024

An overview of neuro-ophthalmic disorders at Jenna Ophthalmic Center, Baghdad, Iraq (2021-2022).

Neuro-ophthalmic disorders are often documented individually for each illness, with little data available on their overall incidence and pattern. The overall incidence of neuro-ophthalmic illnesses in Iraq is still not recorded. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical, demographic, and etiological features of patients seeking consultation at an Iraqi neuro-ophthalmology clinic. A prospective cross-sectional observational research was conducted at the Janna Ophthalmic Center in Baghdad, Iraq. The center serves a diverse patient population from various governorates. All newly diagnosed patients with neuro-ophthalmic disorders who visited the neuro-ophthalmological clinic, regardless of gender or age group, were included. The neuro-ophthalmologist established a diagnosis for each case by reviewing the patient's medical history, doing physical examinations, administering specific tests, and, in certain cases, using neuroimaging methods. The duration of the study was extended from March 2021 to November 2022. Among the 6440 patients evaluated, 613 cases were confirmed at the neuro-ophthalmology clinic. Ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION, AION, and PION) was the most prevalent diagnosis, accounting for 17.61% of newly reported cases in the field of neuro-ophthalmology. This was followed by sixth nerve palsy. Diabetes mellitus affected 42.7% of the cases, followed by hypertension, which affected 39.3% of the participants. The incidence of neuro-ophthalmic diseases tended to be high. Ischemic optic neuropathy and sixth nerve palsy, traumatic/compressive optic neuropathy, and papilledema were the most common neuro-ophthalmic disorders reported.

Superspreading of SARS-CoV-2 at a choir rehearsal in Finland-A computational fluid dynamics view on aerosol transmission and patient interviews.

COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the role of aerosol transmission and the importance of superspreading events. We analyzed a choir rehearsal in November 2020, where all participants, except one who had recently earlier recovered from COVID-19, were infected. We explore the risk factors for severe disease in this event and model the aerosol dispersion in the rehearsal room. Characteristics of participants were collected by interviews and supplemented with patient records. A computational simulation of aerosol distribution in the rehearsal room and the efficacy of potential safety measures was conducted using the Large-Eddy Simulation approach. Infection risk was studied by analyzing quanta emission and exposure with the Wells-Riley equation. The simulation showed that airborne transmission likely explains this mass contagion event. Every singer was exposed to the virus in only 5 min from the beginning of the rehearsal, and maximum concentration levels were reached at 20 min the concentration levels started to approach a steady state after 20 min. Although concentration differences existed in the room, risk levels near (1 m) and far (5 m) from the aerosol source were similar for certain singers. Modeling indicated infection risk levels of 70-100% after one hour; the risk would have been considerably reduced by wearing high-filtration respirators. Age and pre-existing comorbidities predicted more severe disease. The high incidence of illness may be partly attributed to the relatively high median age of individuals. Additionally, those admitted to the hospital had multiple underlying health conditions that predispose them to more severe disease. Airborne transmission and indoor space can explain this mass exposure event. High-filtration respirators could have prevented some infections. The importance of safety distances diminishes the longer the indoor event. The concept of safety distance is challenging, as our study suggests that long range airborne transmission may occur in indoor events with extended duration. We encourage informing the public, especially persons at risk, of safety measures during epidemics.

Highly sensitive detection of Salmonella typhimurium via gold and magnetic nanoparticle-mediated sandwich hybridization coupled with ICP-MS.

Foodborne pathogens including Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) are responsible for over 600 million global incidences of illness annually, posing a significant threat to public health. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), coupled with element labeling strategies, has emerged as a promising platform for multivariate and accurate pathogen detection. However, achieving high specificity and sensitivity remains a critical challenge. Herein, we synthesize clustered magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and popcorn-shaped gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to conjugate capture and report DNA probes for S. typhimurium, respectively. These engineered nanoparticles facilitate the identification of S. typhimurium DNA through a sandwich hybridization technique. ICP-MS quantification of Au within the sandwich-structure complexes allows for precise S. typhimurium detection. The unique morphology of the AuNPs and MNPs increases the available sites for probe attachment, enhancing the efficiency of S. typhimurium DNA capture, broadening the detection range to 101-1010 copies mL-1, and achieving a low detection limit of 1 copy mL-1, and the overall assay time is 70 min. The high specificity of this method is verified by anti-interference assays against ten other pathogens. The recovery was 96.8-102.8% for detecting S. typhimurium DNA in biological samples. As these specially designed nanoparticles may facilitate the attachment of various proteins and nucleic acid probes, they may become an effective platform for detecting multiple pathogens.

An Assessment of Occupational Accidents and Diseases Among Female Healthcare Personnel in Human Health Services

This study was designed as a cross-sectional descriptive investigation with the objective of referencing previous research by disclosing the incidence of occupational accidents and occupational diseases among female personnel employed in human health services in Turkey. The study analyzed data from the Social Security Institution of the Republic of Turkey spanning the years 2013 to 2020. The research findings indicate that female healthcare workers experience a greater incidence of occupational accidents and illnesses compared to their male counterparts. Nevertheless, male healthcare workers exhibit a higher mortality rate resulting from work-related accidents. In contemporary times, there has been a decline in work-related accidents and fatalities, as well as occupational illnesses, among women employed in various industries. However, there has been a notable rise in work-related accidents and fatalities, as well as occupational illnesses, among female healthcare professionals.

Investigating the effectiveness of ginger and turmeric extracts on common soil-borne pathogens affecting plants

Soil-borne viruses have crop production across the world, resulting in lower crop yields, poor crop performance, and rising production costs. Crop production has faced increased threats in recent years, including soil-borne disease epidemics, high chemical fungicide costs and the development of fungicide resistance, climate change, new disease outbreaks, and growing concern for both environmental and soil health. To address these infections, crop producers must implement integrated soil-borne disease control measures. In this work, two plant extracts (ginger and turmeric) were examined in vitro and in vivo for their ability to inhibit soil-borne pathogen mycelia development. Turmeric effectively suppressed the development of two pathogens when added to the two extracted extracts, with 74.59% inhibition against Fusarium sp and 73.49% inhibition against Rhizoctonia sp. Ginger extracts demonstrated a somewhat lower inhibitory activity against Rhizoctonia, with 73.58% inhibition at 50% concentration and 72.15% at 50% concentration. In vivo tests of turmeric extract against Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium sp. were carried out to further the research. The data showed that using turmeric extract resulted in a substantial reduction in illness severity and incidence in both infections.

Prediction of Influenza-Like Illness Incidence in Cheras, Malaysia based on Environmental Data using the Generalised Additive Model

Influenza-like illness (ILI) accounts for 500,000 fatalities worldwide yearly. Environmental factors contribute to spread of respiratory infections. This study describes the epidemiological trends of ILI in Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and seeks scientific evidence on ILI activity and environmental factors. Cheras Health District collected ILI surveillance data and the nearest weather station which provided environmental data on mean temperature, humidity, wind speed, cumulative rainfall, particulate matter (PM)10 and PM2.5 levels. A total of 51,245 ILI cases were reported from 1st December 2021 to 30th April 2023. The non-linear relationship between ILI incidence and environmental variables was modelled using the Generalised Additive Model (GAM). The lag time for mean temperature, mean humidity, cumulative rainfall, mean wind speed, PM 10 level, and PM 2.5 level was 2, 3, 3, 3, 0, and 3 days, respectively. The model with the optimal lag better describes ILI case variance (R2=0.5, explained deviance=58%) than the model without lag selection (R2=0.5, explained deviance=57.2%). The Lag Model indicates a significant p-value for PM10 but no significant concurvity between predictor variables. Thus, the final model (R2=0.5, explained deviance=59.2%) has k=15. Higher rainfall, relative humidity, colder temperature, and decreased wind speed increased ILI incidence. PM2.5 and PM10 also contributes to ILI.

IMPROVEMENT OF LABOR PROTECTION AND SAFETY AT THE ENTERPRISES OF THE WEST SIBERIAN OIL AND GAS COMPLEX IN 1964-1991

The article discusses the development of the labor protection system in the health care of the Tyumen region in the context of creating the oil and gas industry. The stages of improving occupational health and safety, as components of the preventive direction of Soviet health care, are analyzed. The reasons for the high level of injuries at the enterprises of the oil and gas industry in the region are identified and justified, the types of occupational injuries are considered. Based on the study, the author concludes that in the Tyumen region, in the conditions of lack of funds and people, despite the targeted and systematic implementation of labor protection measures, the reduction of injuries and the incidence of illness among workers was extremely slow. These indicators were significantly higher than those for the Russian Federation and existing planned standards. The study of occupational safety and health at the enterprises of the WSOGC of the period under review multiplies the number of scientific problems studied, deepens knowledge on the history of health care in the Tyumen region. The materials of the article can be useful for conducting research on the history of Siberia, for developing independent special courses, as additional material for reading courses on History of the industry or region.

Analysis of morbidity of medical university students

BACKGROUND: The incidence of illness among students has always been a pressing problem, despite the development of prevention programs. In 2015–2020, there was an increase in incidence among adolescents, most of whom are now students at various universities in our country. Unfortunately, recently, insufficient attention has been paid to educational work and hygienic education in school institutions and educational organizations of the higher education system.
 AIMS: To study the incidence of medical university students during their studies and the significance of various factors in their lifestyle that affect the health of students.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: A one-time sample study of medical students from the medical and pediatric faculties was conducted, in which respondents from the first to sixth years of study took part. A mandatory criterion was that the participant was 18 years of age or older, and before the study, everyone signed a voluntary informed consent to participate.
 RESULTS: 1050 students took part in this study, of which 810 were girls and 240 boys, respectively. The average age of the participants was 20.5±2.3 years. 59% of males who had body mass index (BMI) values within the normal range (18.5-24.9 kg/m2) did not have a single chronic disease in their history; in girls, the incidence increased with increasing BMI.
 CONCLUSIONS: Medical school students did not differ significantly from the youth cohort. The incidence rate of respondents, especially in the senior year of study, increased significantly.

Time-dependent association between the economic activity restriction due to health condition and mental illness: Finding from 15-year prospective cohort study

Background and ObjectivesThe Economic Activity Restriction (EAR) due to health conditions is being utilized as a foundational measure for the European indicator Healthy Life Years (HLY). The EAR group is experiencing limitations not only in economic activities but also in overall activities, and it is a population with a high likelihood of transitioning to mental illness due to health condition. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between EAR and mental illness. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the association between EAR due to health conditions and mental illness for those aged 45 and older in South Korea. MethodsWe obtained data from the 2006–2020 Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging. EAR was assessed using self-reported questionnaires based on the Global Activity Limitation Indicator. mental illness was assessed based on the diagnosis data for participants who had been diagnosed. After excluding missing values, the data of 9,574 participants were analyzed using the chi-square test, log-rank tests, and time-dependent Cox proportional hazard model to evaluate the association between EAR and mental illness. ResultsOut of the 9,574 participants gathered at baseline, the mental illness rate was 4.8 %. The hazard ratio (HR) of mental illness in those in the “very probable” of EAR was 2.351 times higher (p-value <0.0001) compared with “not at all” of EAR. In model 1 which includes under 64 years, HR of mental illness in “very probable” of EAR was 3.679 times higher (p-value: 0.000) and in “probable” of EAR was 2.535 time higher (p-value: 0.001) compared with “not at all” of EAR. ConclusionIf we provide opportunities to participate in community activities or provide the mental health promotion programs for middle-aged population who are experiencing EAR due to health condition, it is expected to prevent the deterioration of mental health and reduce the incidence of mental illness among the middle-aged Korean population.

Incidence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Associated Lower Respiratory Tract Illness in Infants in Low- and Middle-Income Regions During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.

Incidence data of respiratory syncytial virus-associated lower respiratory tract illness (RSV-LRTI) are sparse in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We estimated RSV-LRTI incidence rates (IRs) in infants in LMICs using World Health Organization case definitions. This prospective cohort study, conducted in 10 LMICs from May 2019 to October 2021 (largely overlapping with the coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19] pandemic), followed infants born to women with low-risk pregnancies for 1 year from birth using active and passive surveillance to detect potential LRTIs, and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction on nasal swabs to detect RSV. Among 2094 infants, 32 (1.5%) experienced an RSV-LRTI (8 during their first 6 months of life, 24 thereafter). Seventeen (0.8%) infants had severe RSV-LRTI and 168 (8.0%) had all-cause LRTI. IRs (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) of first RSV-LRTI episode were 1.0 (.3-2.3), 0.8 (.3-1.5), and 1.6 (1.1-2.2) per 100 person-years for infants aged 0-2, 0-5, and 0-11 months, respectively. IRs (95% CIs) of the first all-cause LRTI episode were 10.7 (8.1-14.0), 11.7 (9.6-14.0), and 8.7 (7.5-10.2) per 100 person-years, respectively. IRs varied by country (RSV-LRTI: 0.0-8.3, all-cause LRTI: 0.0-49.6 per 100 person-years for 0- to 11-month-olds). RSV-LRTI IRs in infants in this study were relatively low, likely due to reduced viral circulation caused by COVID-19-related nonpharmaceutical interventions. NCT03614676.

Evaluation of Food Safety Training Programs in the Food Service Industry in Tanzania

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate evaluation of food safety training programs in the food service industry in Tanzania&#x0D; Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.&#x0D; Findings: The evaluation of food safety training programs in the food service industry in Tanzania revealed positive outcomes. Training initiatives led to significant improvements in food safety knowledge and practices among restaurant and food establishment staff. Compliance with food safety regulations increased, contributing to a reduced incidence of foodborne illnesses. However, challenges related to resource constraints and long-term sustainability were identified, calling for tailored strategies to address these issues. Overall, food safety training programs were effective in enhancing food safety standards in the Tanzanian food service industry but require ongoing support and adaptation to maintain their impact.&#x0D; Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Health belief model, Social cognitive theory , Theory of planned behavior may be used to anchor future studies on evaluation of food safety training programs in the food service industry in Tanzania. Implement continuous assessment mechanisms within food safety training programs. Encourage policymakers to establish and enforce regulations that require individuals to complete certified food safety training before working in food service roles.

Incidence of injury and illness among paediatric Team USA athletes competing in the 2020 Tokyo and 2022 Beijing Olympic and Paralympic Games

ObjectiveTo describe the incidence of injuries and illnesses among paediatric Team USA athletes competing in the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games, and the 2022 Beijing Olympic and Paralympic Games.MethodsAn...

Observed Warming Trends at U.S. Army Basic Combat Training Installations andImplications forFuture Recruit Training.

Army recruits conducting BCT are among the most susceptible population of military personnel to experience exertional heat illness, a concern expected to become increasingly urgent due to steadily rising temperatures. In this study, we provide an empirical analysis of wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) index trends at U.S. Army BCT installations and quantify the magnitude of these trends. Assuming these warming trends continue, the anticipated effects of increasing temperature trends are discussed in relation to potential impacts on recruit heat illness incidence and training disruption. We obtained weather data beginning in the early 1960s, including WBGT index measurements derived by the U.S. Air Force 14th Weather Squadron. We apply these datasets to two classifications for high WBGT index days, including one classification accounting for heat illness susceptibility based on prior day heat exposure, to determine when recruits are most at risk of heat illness. The daily likelihood of extreme WBGT index values is described at each installation using a 30-year climatological average. Trends in the WBGT index are evaluated quantitatively during the warm season (May 1-September 30) and full year and compared between decades and by individual BCT classes. Trends in the WBGT index have increased at all four BCT installations. Between January 1960 and October 2022, the mean WBGT index value increased most quickly at Ft Jackson, SC (0.272°C decade-1, CI: 0.255-0.289) and least at Ft Moore, GA (0.190°C decade-1, CI: 0.170-0.210). Ft Moore experiences the greatest heat burden, with the daily likelihood of experiencing a "black flag" event (≥90°F WBGT index) peaking at nearly 50% in late July, while Ft Leonard Wood, MO, experiences the least heat burden. This heat burden is spread unevenly across installations and dependent on BCT class start date. Recruits beginning in mid-June will experience approximately 200 hours of hazardous heat during BCT at Ft Moore, GA; 100 hours at Ft Jackson, SC; 80 hours at Ft Sill, OK; and 61 hours at Ft Leonard Wood, MO. Temperatures measured on the WBGT index have steadily increased at US Army basic training installations since at least 1960. In the future, adaptation to the BCT program will be required to maintain rigorous standards without incurring unacceptable risk of recruit heat illness. The analysis provided by this study can help inform medical, training, and policy implementations needed to ensure continued BCT in a warming world.

Effectiveness of Eupatorium perfoliatum 30C in Prevention of Dengue Fever and Acute Febrile Illness during 2017 Dengue Outbreak in Urban Slums of Delhi: A Prospective, Open-Label, Community-Based, Parallel Cohort Study

Objective: This study was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of Eupatorium perfoliatum (EP) 30C on the incidence of dengue fever and acute febrile illness (AFI) during the 2017 dengue outbreak. Methods: We conducted a prospective, open-label, community-based parallel cohort study involving apparently healthy individuals residing in 06 urban slums (JJ colony) of Delhi. The participants were enrolled in two cohorts – the medicine cohort (MC) and the control cohort (CC). Participants in MC were given weekly one dose of EP 30C for 10 weeks along with Information, Education and Communication (IEC) material regarding dengue. Participants in the CC were provided with the IEC material only. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of dengue fever as per case definitions notified in the national guidelines for clinical management of dengue fever by the Government of India during the 10 weeks follow-up period. The secondary outcome measures were the incidence of AFI and the hospitalization of confirmed dengue cases. Results: The analysis included 40,769 participants residing in 06 slum clusters of Delhi out of which 28,321 participants were in MC and 12,448 participants were in CC. The incidence of laboratory-confirmed dengue in the MC was 2.57 per 10,000 person-weeks (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.02–3.22) in comparison with 7.55 per 10,000 person-weeks (95% CI, 6.12–9.21) in the CC. The incidence of AFI in the MC was 19.66 per 10,000 person-weeks (95% CI, 18.07–21.36) in comparison with 40.96 per 10,000 person-weeks (95% CI, 37.48–44.67) in the CC. The overall protective effect of EP against laboratory-confirmed dengue was 65.77% (95% CI, 53.37–74.87; p = 0.0001) and against AFI was 52.58% (95% CI, 46.37–58.07; p = 0.0001). Hospitalization reported in the MC was nil as against 4.35% in the CC. No dengue-related case fatalities were reported from either cohort. None of the participants from the MC reported any adverse events owing to the prophylactic intervention. Conclusion: The study concludes that EP 30C was able to prevent dengue significantly. Randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm or refute our findings.

Abstract 15542: Social Determinants of Health Screening of Patients With Congestive Heart Failure Within Multiple Urban Ambulatory Clinics

Introduction: There is a growing body of literature dedicated to understanding the implications of social determinants of health (SDOH) on cardiovascular disease. This study evaluated a pilot of standardized SDOH screening questionnaires in two large urban ambulatory clinics within a quaternary integrated health network in the Northeastern United States. Goals/Aims: This study aims to investigate common social determinants of health which may influence patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). Methods: A retrospective review of the incidence of SDOH in adult patients from two Internal Medicine outpatient residency clinics between 2020 and 2023 was performed. SDOH assessment was performed at every visit. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association of SDOH in patients with and without CHF. Results: A total of 14,516 patients were evaluated during this study period (mean age 66 years, 62% female). When matched for age and sex, 808 patients with CHF were compared to those without CHF. In matched data, those with CHF were significantly less likely to endorse food insecurity (64.2% vs 94.6%, p&lt;0.05), lack of safety (1.4% vs 2.8%, p&lt;0.05), lack of social connection (34.4% vs 86.8%, p&lt;0.05), and stress (29.1% vs 84.3%, p&lt;0.05). Patients with CHF were more likely (91% vs 26%, p&lt;0.05) to report a positive PHQ-9 depression screen [Table 1]. Patients with CHF were also noted to have a higher incidence of comorbid illnesses. Conclusions: Utilization of evidence-based SDOH screening questions in the workflow can help identify key barriers to cardiovascular diseases such as CHF. Multidisciplinary care in patients with CHF may contribute to improved SDOH reporting. Future studies should use qualitative and quantitative data in combination to further evaluate and address barriers to care in patients with CHF.

Association between ozone and influenza transmissibility in China

BackgroundCommon air pollutants such as ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and particulate matter play significant roles as influential factors in influenza-like illness (ILI). However, evidence regarding the impact of O3 on influenza transmissibility in multi-subtropical regions is limited, and our understanding of the effects of O3 on influenza transmissibility in temperate regions remain unknown.MethodsWe studied the transmissibility of influenza in eight provinces across both temperate and subtropical regions in China based on 2013 to 2018 provincial-level surveillance data on influenza-like illness (ILI) incidence and viral activity. We estimated influenza transmissibility by using the instantaneous reproduction number ({R}_{t}) and examined the relationships between transmissibility and daily O3 concentrations, air temperature, humidity, and school holidays. We developed a multivariable regression model for {R}_{t} to quantify the contribution of O3 to variations in transmissibility.ResultsOur findings revealed a significant association between O3 and influenza transmissibility. In Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and Jiangsu, the association exhibited a U-shaped trend. In Liaoning, Gansu, Hunan, and Guangdong, the association was L-shaped. When aggregating data across all eight provinces, a U-shaped association was emerged. O3 was able to accounted for up to 13% of the variance in {R}_{t}. O3 plus other environmental drivers including mean daily temperature, relative humidity, absolute humidity, and school holidays explained up to 20% of the variance in {R}_{t}.ConclusionsO3 was a significant driver of influenza transmissibility, and the association between O3 and influenza transmissibility tended to display a U-shaped pattern.