Incidence Of Gynecologic Malignancies Research Articles

OBESITY AND GYNECOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES: A MULTI-CENTRIC CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

Introduction: Obesity is a growing problem and has signicant implications for a variety of diseases, including human cancers. Obesity has now become an epidemic so is the increase of gynecological malignancies in this era. So we review the association of obesity and gynecological malignancies like breast, endometrial, cervical, ovarian, tubal and Vulvo-vaginal carcinoma as an independent etiological risk factor. ToAims and objectives: estimate the prevalence of overweight and obese female in western Indian population. To nd the association of different gynecological malignancies and obesity. To evaluate the effect of obesity on different gynecological malignancies in accordance with age, reproductive life and socioeconomic status A cross sectional study in western. Materials and methods: Indian states Gujarat, Maharashtra and Rajasthan from January 2019 to December 2021, 10245 sample size and with overweight and obese post menarchal women up to 70 years of age with BMI >25 kg/m2 were compared to matched controls. All the consented subjects were initially screened by questionnaire by eld worker and examined for routine and advanced screening and examinations like Manual Palpation of breast, per abdomen, per speculum per vaginal examination and Pap smear by certied professionals according to standard protocols. Investigation was performed when required like mammography, Ultrasonography and laboratory investigations. Positive association of breast and endometrialResults: carcinoma especially in postmenopausal women and cervical carcinoma. Weak positive association for ovarian carcinoma only in premenopausal woman (not statistically signicant). We do not nd enough cases to conclude anything for vulvo vaginal and tubal carcinoma. Growing epidemic of obesity can be statistically correlated with increasingConclusion: incidence of gynecological malignancies like breast, endometrial, ovarian and cervical. Large scale studies further needed for evaluation of correlation of vulvo vaginal and tubal carcinomas.

Ectopic Endometrium: The Pathologist's Perspective.

Endometriosis and adenomyosis are two frequent diseases closely linked, characterized by ectopic endometrium. Despite their benign nature, endometriosis and adenomyosis impair women’s quality of life by causing pain and infertility and an increase in the incidence of gynecological malignancies has been reported. Since the first description of ectopic endometrium in 1860, different attempts have been made to describe, classify and understand the origin of these diseases. Several theories have been proposed to describe the pathogenic mechanism leading to the development of adenomyosis or endometriosis. However, all the hypotheses show some limitations in explaining all the different aspects and manifestations of these diseases. Despite the remarkable progress made over recent years, the pathogeneses of endometriosis and adenomyosis remain unclear. Moreover, because of the lack of standardized protocols and diagnostic criteria in pathology practice it is difficult to study and to classify these disorders. The goal of this review is to summarize the pathological aspects of adenomyosis and endometriosis, spanning a historical perspective to newly reported data.

Profile of Gynaecological Malignancies in Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Southeastern Nigeria

Background: Comprehensive estimates of the incidence of gynaecological malignancies reported from Nigeria are very limited due to limitation in record maintenance. Female cancer is a public health problem the world over. The malignancies of the female genital organs are major causes of morbidity and mortality which necessitates data for policy formulation and health planning. Aim: To establish the profile of gynaecologic malignancies reported in our centre, with reference to incidence, histological subtypes and frequency of involvement at various sites and to compare the procured data with those from other national and international centers. Materials and Method: In this descriptive retrospective study, the records pertaining to all the pathological specimens categorized as gynaecological malignancies from January 1st, 2013 to December 31st, 2015 at our facility were studied and compared with the available international data. Data analysis was done using Epi Info software version 7.2.1 (CDC Atlanta Georgia). Result: Two hundred and eleven (211) cases of gynaecological malignancies were seen during the study period and this constituted 13.4% of gynaecological admissions. Cervical malignancies were the commonest constituting 49.2% of all gynaecological malignancies followed by ovarian malignancies (27.8%), endometrial cancers (11.9%), vulva (5.6%), choriocarcina (3.9%) and vagina (1.6%). The data obtained was compared with data from Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Result (SEER) programme in the United States and European Union. All malignancies except cervical cancers affected a younger age group at our centre. Cervical cancers presented at a relatively more advanced stage, Ovarian cancers were more localized, whereas uterine, vulva and vaginal cancers presented at a similar stages as compared to Western data. Conclusion: This study presents a composite data of Gynaecological malignancies from Southeast Nigeria. Advanced stage of presentation of cervical cancers suggests lacunae in screening programmes available. Compared with Western data, ovarian malignancies were more localized at presentation for which environmental or genetic factors may be responsible.

World trends of incidence of gynecologic malignancies in young women

World trends of incidence of gynecologic malignancies in young women

The incidence and predictors of gynecologic malignancies among postmenopausal patients with endometrial fluid collection.

To investigate the incidence and predictors of gynecologic malignancies among postmenopausal patients with endometrial fluid collection (EFC). All patients with EFC diagnosed by transvaginal sonography (TVS) were retrospectively reviewed if they had undergone biopsy of the endometrium from January 2008 to January 2016 in a tertiary teaching hospital. Follow-up ended in June 2017. The incidence of gynecologic malignancies was described, and predictive factors were determined by comparing the epidemiological and clinico-pathological characteristics of the patients. During the study period, 273 women with EFC (3.4%) were enrolled. Biopsy pathology and the following hysterectomy revealed 29 (10.6%) cases of gynecological cancer. In the multivariable analysis, patient-reported genital symptoms [odds ratio (OR) 16.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.9-139.3], abnormal serum CA125 (OR 14.5, 95% CI 4.5-46.5), lesions in the uterine cavity (OR 18.8, 95% CI 6.0-59.1) and endometrial thickness (OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.0-1.2) determined by TVS were independent factors associated with malignancy. Only 1.1% (1/90) of the asymptomatic patients had gynecologic cancer. During the follow-up, gynecologic cancer was diagnosed in nine patients, six of whom had vaginal bleeding at the time of initial enrollment. The prognosis of patients with cancer was worse than that of patients with benign results. The risk of gynecologic malignancies in postmenopausal patients with EFC is related to genital symptoms, TVS findings and CA 125 levels. Asymptomatic EFC is associated with an extremely low risk of malignancy.

Abstract 1210: Trend in the incidence of gynecologic malignancies in Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki: A 5-year review

Abstract Background: Gynecological malignancies are common and are among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide Objective: To determine the trend in the incidence of gynaecological malignancies in Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria. Methods: This was a retrospective study. The study population was the patients diagnosed of gynaecological cancers at the Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki between January, 2012 to December 2015. Data were extracted from case notes of patients, discharge books and the operating theatre record books. The data were analyzed using Epi Info version 7.1.4 and the results expressed in descriptive statistics by simple percentages. Results: There were 2528 gynaecological admissions during the period. There were 97 women who had genital tract malignancies giving an incidence of 3.8% of gynaecological admissions. Cervical cancer was the most common female genital tract malignancy occurring in 68% of gynaecological cancers, followed by ovarian cancer (11.3%), Endometrial cancer (8.3%), Vulva cancer (6.2%),Choriocarcinoma (4.1%), and the least was leiomyosarcoma (1.0%). The mean age was 54.2 ±11.9 years.The incidences of cervical, ovarian vulva and endometrial cancers showed a steady increase over the period. Choriocarcinoma did not show a significant change in incidence. Conclusion: This study showed the rising incidences of gynaecological cancers. Cancer of the cervix is the commonest gynaecological malignancy and most patients presented late. Cervical cancer screening programmes, early detection and awareness campaign is highly recommended. Citation Format: Joseph Agboeze, Robinson Onoh, Matthew Igwe. Trend in the incidence of gynecologic malignancies in Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki: A 5-year review [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1210.

18F-FDG PET/CT in the evaluation of cancer cervix: Where do we stand today?

The incidence of gynecological malignancies is on the rise partly because of the availability of screening programmes, awareness, higher technological advancements, and availability of better medical care. Early diagnosis of any malignancy leads to prompt treatment. Use of 18Fluorine-Fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) PET/CT in the treatment and follow-up of patients with Ca cervix considerably improves patient management. The primary diagnosis of Ca cervix is made either by biopsy of a visible tumor on the cervix or by a cone biopsy of a nonvisible malignant cervical focus. The staging procedure is purely clinical (i.e. gynecologic examination under general anesthesia) according to the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics classification. Earlier, with the nonavailability of sophisticated medical equipment and imaging specialists, oncologists relied heavily on clinical examination. However, anatomical and functional imaging has been proven to be considerably superior in understanding parametrial involvement and nodal/distant metastases in the cancer cervix than clinical examination alone. Data are evolving on the usage of F-FDG PET/CT in initial staging, treatment planning, and monitoring therapy response for gynecological malignancies. Prognostic information derived from the primary lesion such as the maximum standardized uptake value, metabolic tumor volume, and extent of para-aortic nodal metastatic disease plays a critical role in tailoring therapy on the basis of patient tumor-specific factors rather than on International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics stage alone. Thus, F-FDG PET/CT needs to be listed not only under the panel of pretherapy investigations for Ca cervix but also for recurrence and therapy response assessments. It allows a more confident approach to patient management at initial staging, especially in terms of the decision to choose surgical versus palliation measures.

Regional variation in the incidence of gynecologic malignancies (GM) in the US

Regional variation in the incidence of gynecologic malignancies (GM) in the US

Gynaecological malignancies in pregnancy: a review.

Gynaecological malignancies frequently occur in women of reproductive age and are estimated to complicate approximately one in 1000 pregnancies. The incidence of gynaecological malignancies during pregnancy is expected to rise as more women delay childbearing into their later reproductive years, and maternal age is the most powerful predictor of cancer risk. Pregnancy-associated malignancies present significant challenges as a result of the conflict between optimal maternal therapy and fetal well-being. The lack of prospective randomised treatment studies has prevented the development of clinical guidelines for most of the issues complicating the management. In the present review, recent diagnostic and treatment strategies for cervical, ovarian, vulvar and endometrial carcinomas during pregnancy are presented.

GYNECOLOGICAL MALIGNANCY IN BPKMCH, BHARATPUR: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF 321 CASES

Gynecological Malignancy is the leading cancer in female not only in Nepal butworldwide. A retrospective study of histopathological specimens was conducted inBPKMCH Bharatpur from July 1999 to January 2001, duration of 19 months. Total321 cases of Gynecological Malignancy were diagnosed in Department of Pathologyof BPKMCH. Out of which 272(84.73%) cases of cancer of cervix; 17 cases (5.29%)of cancer of vulva; 14 cases (4.36%) of ovarian cancer, 12 cases (3.73%) of cancer ofvagina and 6 cases (1.86%) of endometrial cancer were detected. Cancer of cervixwas most common in 40-49 years age group followed by 50-59 years age group. Meanage of the patients with cancer of cervix was 50 years and 10 months; minimum of 29years and maximum of 76 years. Out of 272 cases of cancer of cervix, 266 (97.79%)were squamous cell carcinoma and rest 6 (2.20%) were adenocarcinoma. Commonesthistology in vulva and vagina was squamous cell carcinoma, whereas adenocarcinomawas commonest in endometrium and ovary. The higher incidence of gynecologicalmalignancies particularly carcinoma of cervix was observed in BPKMCH.Key Words: Cancer, Cervix, Vagina, Vulva, Ovary.

Carcinoma of the Cervix

To the Editor: —I am intrigued by your statement that carcinoma of the cervix accounts for 75% of all the malignant tumors ( JAMA 182:674 [Nov 10] 1962). In the September-October, 1961, issue (Vol 11, No 5, p 204) of the Cancer booklet published by the American Cancer Society, Inc., the following table of cancer sites is given for the United States: In the July-August, 1962, issue (Vol 12, No 4, p 122) of the same publication the following statistic appears: of the cervix constitutes 11 per cent of all cancers and 55 to 65 per cent of all cancers of the reproductive system. This applies to cancers of the female reproductive system. It is also a well-established fact that there is a considerable regional variation in the incidence of gynecologic malignancies. On page 155 of the same issue the statement is made that, Carcinoma of the colon and rectum